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As has been noted previously, speakers with coronally low "flat" palates exhibit less articulatory variability than speakers with coronally high "domeshaped" palates. This phenomenon is investigated by means of a tongue model and an EPG experiment. The results show that acoustic variability depends on the shape of the vocal tract. The same articulatory variability leads to more acoustic variability if the palate is flat than if it is domeshaped. Furthermore, speakers with domeshaped palates show more articulatory variability than speakers with flat palates. The results are explained by different control strategies by the speakers. Speakers with flat palates reduce their articulatory variability in order to keep their acoustic variability low.
Rate effects on aerodynamics of intervocalic stops : evidence from real speech data and model data
(2008)
This paper is a first attempt towards a better understanding of the aerodynamic properties during speech production and their potential control. In recent years, studies on intraoral pressure in speech have been rather rare, and more studies concern the air flow development. However, the intraoral pressure is a crucial factor for analysing the production of various sounds.
In this paper, we focus on the intraoral pressure development during the production of intervocalic stops.
Two experimental methodologies are presented and confronted with each other: real speech data recorded for four German native speakers, and model data, obtained by a mechanical replica which allows reproducing the main physical mechanisms occurring during phonation. The two methods are presented and applied to a study on the influence of speech rate on aerodynamic properties.
The aim of the present paper is to show how, and to what extent, the standards of critical genetic editions as applied to Goethe's Faust can be attained within a TEI framework. It proposes and argues for the introduction of two separate transcripts: documentary and textual. Despite the apparent disadvantages of multiple encoding, this approach recommends itself for practical reasons (e.g., avoidance of overlapping hierarchies), and it conveniently reflects the idea that any written document must be considered a material object on the one hand and a medium of textual transmission on the other. In the course of the paper, some aspects and problems of chapter 11 of version 2.0.0 of TEI P5 (the definition and use of the elements <line> and <mod> and related issues) will be discussed.
In dem Beitrag wird der Prozeß der Professionalisierung der Linguistik beleuchtet, indem die Zusammenhänge beschrieben werden, die zwischen linguistisch-diskursanalytischer Forschung an der Universität, der praktischen Anwendung ihrer Ergebnisse im Berufsfeld Kommunikationsberatung und -training sowie der Gestaltung der universitären Ausbildung, d.h. von Lehre und Studium, bestehen. Es werden Möglichkeiten und Wege aufgezeigt, diese drei Elemente enger aufeinander zu beziehen, sie in eine positive Wechselwirkung miteinander zu bringen und dadurch Synergieeffekte zu erzeugen. Die Herstellung und Absicherung solcher positiven Wechselwirkungen ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für eine verbesserte Trainings- und Beratungspraxis und zugleich ein Beitrag zur Professionalisierung der Linguistik.
Es wurden Interviews mit hauptberuflichen KommunikationstrainerInnen geführt, um herauszufinden, inwieweit diese sprachwissenschaftliche Theorien, Methoden und Ergebnisse kennen und für ihre Trainings nutzen, wie sie das Verhältnis von Theorie und Praxis der Kommunikation sehen und welche Methoden der Diagnose von Kommunikationsproblemen, Veränderung und Evaluation sie einsetzen. Wie die Befragung zeigt, ist die Distanz zwischen Trainingspraxis und Sprachwissenschaft noch immer sehr groß und haben nur wenige Theorien und Ergebnisse in den Trainingsbereich Eingang gefunden. Die diskursanalytischen Methoden zur Analyse kommunikativer Probleme werden hier bislang kaum genutzt. Eine Konsequenz daraus sollte u.E. sein, daß die Linguistik für eine Kooperation in aktiver Weise attraktive und auf die Adressaten zugeschnittene Angebote machen muß.
Besides some well-established forms like autoritär 'authoritarian'; humanitär 'humanitarian'; new coinages ending with -itär can be found in German. These adjectives are closely related to nouns ending with -ität. From an etymological point of view; these formations are morphologically transparent. Not only are the adjectives new; but -itär emerges as a new suffix.
Zulu shows an alternation of conjoint and disjoint (conjunctive/disjunctive, short/long) verb forms. Certain contexts suggest that the distribution of these forms is related to focus. For example, certain adverbial expressions receive a focal interpretation when preceded by a conjoint form but not when preceded by a disjoint form. Similarly, a wh-phrase must be preceded by a conjoint form. This has led some researchers to argue or suggest that the alternation encodes focus directly. This paper examines two different focal hypotheses, one in which a disjoint form encodes focus on the verb and another in which the conjoint form encodes focus on the element following the verb. It is shown that both of these hypotheses are inadequate because certain contexts requiring the conjoint form do not display the predicted focal interpretation. Relativization morphology is argued to also support an analysis independent of focus. It is proposed that the alternation is regulated entirely by the position of the verb within the surface constituencies first proposed in Van der Spuy (1993) and that the associated focal interpretations are the result of a range of interpretations permitted within the different constituencies. Elements remaining within the relevant constituent are nontopical, and focus is one of a range of interpretations they can receive.
[Rezension zu:] Volksduden. So schreiben wir richtig! Mannheim: Bibliographisches Institut, 2012 (960p.)
This paper offers a description of the contemporary German lexicography using dictionary taxonomy. The parameters used for the classification of dictionaries are the number of languages (monolingual against bilingual dictionaries), the user’s perspective (how useful is each kind of dictionary for the Brazilian scholar) and the two perspectives of the act of speech (text reception against text production).
According to the metalexicographical theory, there are three main components in a semasiological dictionary: macro-, micro- and middles structure. The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the microstructure of three general semasiological dictionaries of the German language. As methodological framework, it takes in account the distinction between formal and semantic comment and between definition and density of the constant information program.
Rezension zu: Visuelles Wörterbuch Portugiesisch/Deutsch. München: Dorling Kindersley Verlag, 2010