Literatur zum Theater
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This paper begins with a Bakhtinian reflection on Javanese shadow puppet theatre (wayang kulit), and explores errancy through carnival laughter embodied and performed by the wise, grotesque figures of clown-servants (punakawan). I argue, however, that here the real subversive power lies not in a combative position that erupts in a social revolution but in offering an alternative way of thinking and being, a deviation from the philosophical (Platonic) obsession for truth and heroic/historic gestures that claim to overcome ignorance and hegemonic/normative structures. Responding to the critique of so-called feudal elements in 'Javanism', I explore how the Javanese mantra, 'manunggaling kawula gusti' (the union of servant and lord), incessantly rehearsed in the stories and life of the people, reveals neither blindness nor self-dissimulation.
Theatre, because of its ability to represent through restaging, would seem to be the quintessential platform for reenactment. The "Orestea (una commedia organica?)" by R. Castelluci and Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio, restaged at the Paris Automne Festival in 2015, twenty years after its 1995 world premiere in Prato, is the starting point for a reflection on the status of restaging in theatre. This case study is the occasion to apply Walter Benjamin's philosophical concept of the 'Jetztzeit' to a theatrical context, and to consider also the 'citational' value of theatrical reenactment. These concepts are useful to study not only the reenactment of theatrical gesture and acting but also to consider the practice of restaging related to the theatrical event conceived in its entirety.
Before completing his uncharacteristically hopeful filmic vision of an African Oresteia, Pier Paolo Pasolini invented a theatrical continuation of Aeschylus's trilogy. "Pilade" (1966/70) imagines what happens after Orestes, having being absolved by the Aeropagos in Athens, goes back to Argos. With its clear allusions to political developments in the last century - fascism, the Resistance, and Communist revolutions - the play reads as a mythical allegory for the situation of engaged intellectuals in thetwentieth century. As Christoph F. E. Holzhey's contribution '"La vera Diversità": Multistability, Circularity, and Abjection in Pasolini's "Pilade"' shows, Pasolini's imagined continuation of the Oresteia challenges an ideology of rational foundation and progress by moving through a series of aspect changes prompted by sudden events that allow for some integration while also creating new divisions. After all possible alliances among the principal characters - Orestes, Electra, and Pylades - have been played through, Pylades curses reason for its deceptive, consoling, and violent function and embraces his abjected position of true diversity beyond intelligibility. However, Holzhey argues, rather than functioning as the play's telos, this ending is an open one and participates in the paradoxical performance of a self-contradictory subjectivity and a circular temporality without entirely giving up hope for a truly different alternative.
Transforming a text - narrative or poetic - into a play, made of dialogues and organized into scenes, has been one of the most frequent forms of literary transcodification both in the past and in the present. We can find examples of this procedure at the very origins of Italian theatre, which indeed began as the rewriting of earlier texts, both in the "sacre rappresentazioni" and in the profane field: the Bible in the first case and the Ovidian mythologies in the second. Poliziano's "Fabula d'Orfeo" and "Cefalo e Procri" by Niccolò da Correggio are the first well-known examples of this process. Thus, the metamorphosis of a text into a dramatization has many models in the history of theatre and literature. It would be of great interest to start with an overview of the different types, aims, and forms of transcodification of texts that are enacted in order to create dramatizations capable of being performed on stage. Erminia Ardissino attempts to offer an introduction to her study of Giovanni Giudici's play about Dante's "Paradiso" with a brief discussion of three different practices of theatrical transcodification. She looks at three pièces written at the request of the Italian scenographer Federico Tiezzi between 1989 and 1990 as stage productions of the three cantiche of the Divine Comedy. Although they belong to the same project, are inspired by the same person, and share a unified aim, the three pièces created by Edoardo Sanguineti, Mario Luzi, and Giovanni Giudici show three different approaches to the task of transcodifying a text in order to produce a drama - the task, in Genette's words, of creating a theatrical palimpsest.
This study analyses five British translations of Bertolt Brecht's 'Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder'. Two of these translations were written by speakers of German, and three by well-known British playwrights with no knowledge of the source text language. Four have been produced in mainstream British theatres in the past twenty-five years. The study applies translation studies methodology to a textual analysis which focuses on the translation of techniques of linguistic "Verfremdung", as well as linguistic expression of the comedy and of the political dimension in the work. It thus closes the gap in current Brecht research in examining the importance of his idiosyncratic use of language to the translation and reception of his work in the UK. The study assesses the ways in which the translator and director are influenced by Brecht's legacy in the UK and in turn, what image of Brecht they mediate through the production on stage. To this end, the study throws light on the formation of Brecht's problematic reputation in the UK, and it also highlights the social and political circumstances in early twentieth century Germany which prompted Brecht to develop his theory of an epic theatre. The focus on a linguistic examination allows the translator's contribution to the production process to be isolated. Together with an investigation of the reception of each performance text, this in turn facilitates a more accurate assessment of the translator and director's respective influence in the process of transforming a foreign-language text onto a local stage. The analysis also sheds light on the different approaches taken by speakers of German, and playwrights creating an English version from a literal translation. It pinpoints losses in translation and adaptation, and suggests how future versions may avoid these.
Giulio Camillo (1480 - 1544) was as well-known in his era as Bill Gates is now. Just like Gates he cherished a vision of a universal Storage and Retrieval System, and just like Microsoft Windows, his ‘Theatre of the Memory’ was, despite constant revision, never completed. Camillo’s legendary Theatre of Memory remained only a fragment, its benefits only an option for the future. When it was finished, the user - so he predicted - would have access to the knowledge of the whole universe. On account of his promising invention, Camillo’s contemporaries called him ‘the divine’. For others, like Erasmus or the Parisian scholars, he was just a ‘quack’, but also this only shows that his reception was as strong as is the case with the computer gurus of our days. Still, Camillo was forgotten immediately after his death. No trace is left of his spectacular databank - except a short treatise which he dictated on his deathbed and which was formulated in the future tense: ‘L’Idea del Theatro’ (1550). ...
Düsseldorf is the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, the state with the highest number of inhabitants in Germany. The city has a rich cultural history: The theatre history started in 1485 (the festivities in the context of a princely marriage at Düsseldorf). Theatre historiography marks three great periods for Düsseldorf (Immermann, 1834-1837; Dumont-Lindemann, 1905-1933; Gründgens, 1947-1955). The city has a long history of involvment with film, too. For instance the first German film journal „Der Kinematogaph“ began publishing here in 1907. Düsseldorf became after 1945 a distribution center and served for decades as site of all major German and foreign distributors‘ headquartes. It offers still a lot of cultural events: performing arts in different forms (theatre at the Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus, musical at the Capitol, opera and ballet at the German Opera Düsseldorf-Duisburg, dance at the Tanzhaus (Dance House) North Rhine-Westphalia, free and independant theatre groups, private theatres, cinema, media, museums, cultural institutions, representing other countries like France, Poland ...
Düsseldorf is the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, the state with the highest number of inhabitants in Germany. The city has a rich cultural history: The theatre history started in 1585 (the festivities in the context of a princely marriage at Düsseldorf). Theatre historiography marks three great periods for Düsseldorf (Immermann, 1834-1837; Dumont-Lindemann, 1905-1933; Gründgens, 1947-1955). In 2005 and 2006 we celebrate many anniversaries within the theatrical context: 100 years Schauspielhaus Dumont-Lindemann in 2005, 50 years theatre community Düsseldorf-Duisburg (Deutsche Oper am Rhein Düsseldorf-Duisburg), 50 years puppet theatre (Düsseldorfer Marionettentheater), 30 years children and youth theatre (Kinder- und Jugendtheater im Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus), 10 years Capitol (musical theatre) beside other cultural events, for example the anniversaries of Heine and Schumann.
The subject of this essay is a largely forgotten long-run play that had considerable impact on US culture in the first half of the twentieth century. Richard Walton Tully´s romantic drama "The Bird of Paradise" is a perfect example of a serious-minded, commercially successful play that has been erased from our disciplinary memory.
Moreno noted a similarity between a late 18th Century play by the great German scholar and artist, Goethe, and some elements of psychodrama, which can be substantiated; however, Goethe was not, as Moreno suggested, an early promoter of spontaneity. The similarities and contrasts between these two men are intriguing.
Yiddish Theatre Forum
(2002)
The Yiddish Theatre Forum (YTF), published under the auspices of Mendele, was founded in 2002 to foster greater interaction among scholars, artists, librarians, and lay people interested in the history of Yiddish theatre and drama. In addition to serving as a clearing house for queries about Yiddish theatre personnel, plays, and productions, the YTF publishes a variety of articles, reviews, and guides. So far these have included brief articles analyzing individual plays; guides to library and archival resources in the United States, Europe, and South Africa; and book reviews. Recent years have brought a number of important new studies of Yiddish theatre. New books and scholarly articles have examined Yiddish theatre and drama in the Americas, Eastern and Western Europe, and more distant hubs like Australia and South Africa. Such works have been undertaken by scholars based in many different countries, working in a variety of fields, and with a corresponding range of methodological approaches. The central purpose of the Yiddish Theatre Forum is to provide a place online where professional and lay students of Yiddish theatre can exchange ideas and information. Queries and other postings to the YTF can be sent directly to the Editor at yankl@albany.edu. Editorial Board Joel Berkowitz (University at Albany), Editor Leonard Prager (Haifa University), Senior Advisor Zachary Baker (Stanford University Libraries) Miroslawa Bułat (Jagiellonian University, Cracow) Avrom Greenbaum (Hebrew University, Jerusalem) Barbara Henry (University of Washington, Seattle) David Mazower (BBC / Independent Scholar) Nina Warnke (University of Texas at Austin) Seth Wolitz (University of Texas at Austin)