Institutes
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (315)
- Doctoral Thesis (178)
- Preprint (41)
Language
- English (534) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (534)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (534)
Keywords
- Podospora anserina (8)
- aging (8)
- SARS-CoV-2 (7)
- Cyanobacteria (5)
- Ecology (5)
- Membrane Proteins (5)
- Phylogeny (5)
- mitochondria (5)
- Acetogenesis (4)
- Biodiversity (4)
- Haloferax volcanii (4)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (4)
- Synechococcus (4)
- alternative splicing (4)
- bats (4)
- fungi (4)
- Acetogen (3)
- Bioenergetics (3)
- Biogeography (3)
- COVID19-NMR (3)
- Carotenoids (3)
- Conservation biology (3)
- Evolution (3)
- Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition (3)
- Marine Diatoms (3)
- Membrane Transport (3)
- Microbiology (3)
- Oxidoreductases (3)
- Photooxidation (3)
- Pigmentation (3)
- Protein Structure (3)
- RNA (3)
- Solution NMR spectroscopy (3)
- Taxonomy (3)
- Thermophile (3)
- biodiversity (3)
- climate change (3)
- structural biology (3)
- zebrafish (3)
- 14CO2 Fixation (2)
- 5′-UTR (2)
- Acetogenic bacteria (2)
- Acinetobacter (2)
- Adhesion (2)
- Aloe (2)
- Amino Acid Pools (2)
- Archaea (2)
- Asphodelaceae (2)
- Bioaccumulation (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biomarkers (2)
- Biosynthesis (2)
- Bleaching Herbicides (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Community ecology (2)
- Covid19-NMR (2)
- Crustacea (2)
- DNA Transformation (2)
- DNA uptake (2)
- Desiccation resistance (2)
- Dicarboxylic acids (2)
- Downy mildew (2)
- Ecological modelling (2)
- Ecotoxicogenomics (2)
- Electron Bifurcation (2)
- Electron Transfer (2)
- Electron Transport (2)
- Energy Conservation (2)
- Energy Metabolism (2)
- Energy conservation (2)
- Entomology (2)
- Enzyme Mechanisms (2)
- European beech (2)
- Host-parasite interaction (2)
- Iron-Sulfur Protein (2)
- Land cover (2)
- Light-sheet microscopy (2)
- MICOS (2)
- Magnetic compass (2)
- Maxent (2)
- Membrane Biogenesis (2)
- Metabolic Engineering (2)
- Metabolic engineering (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Metalloenzymes (2)
- Methylorubrum extorquens (2)
- Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 (2)
- Microplastic (2)
- Mitochondria (2)
- Modification (2)
- Morphogenesis (2)
- Morphology (2)
- NMR (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Non-invasive sampling (2)
- Oaks (2)
- Oomycetes (2)
- Peronosporaceae (2)
- Photosynthesis (2)
- Phycocyanin-Free Lamellae (2)
- Protein Translocation (2)
- Psychology (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- Solution NMR-spectroscopy (2)
- Species distribution modelling (2)
- Synaptic transmission (2)
- Synchron Cultures (2)
- Thermus (2)
- Transcriptomics (2)
- Trypanosoma cruzi (2)
- UV-B Stress (2)
- Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (2)
- Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (2)
- Xenorhabdus (2)
- Zebrafish (2)
- angiogenesis (2)
- aroma (2)
- autophagy (2)
- bacteria (2)
- biodiversity protection (2)
- biosynthesis (2)
- carotenoid biosynthesis (2)
- climate (2)
- color (2)
- community composition (2)
- conservation (2)
- conservation funding (2)
- conservation genetics (2)
- conservation planning (2)
- cox2 (2)
- cristae (2)
- cryptochrome (2)
- decision making (2)
- development (2)
- environmental attitudes (2)
- environmental education (2)
- extremophile (2)
- gene expression (2)
- genomics (2)
- global change (2)
- heat stress (2)
- inclination compass (2)
- integrins (2)
- long non-coding RNA (2)
- metabarcoding (2)
- microglia (2)
- morphology (2)
- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (2)
- peroxisomes (2)
- population genetics (2)
- population genomics (2)
- post-2020 biodiversity targets (2)
- pre-mRNA (2)
- predation (2)
- prefrontal cortex (2)
- prostate carcinoma cells (2)
- sleep (2)
- strategic site selection (2)
- structure–activity relationships (2)
- tumor microenvironment (2)
- 14C- and 15N-Assimilation (1)
- 15N-Labelled Amino Acids (1)
- 16S rRNA gene (1)
- 18S rRNA gene (1)
- 2030 Agenda (1)
- 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (1)
- 5'-UTR (1)
- 5-Hydroxyaloin A (1)
- 5_SL4 (1)
- ABR (1)
- AChE (1)
- ADAM15 (1)
- ADCD (1)
- ALE (1)
- AMPK (1)
- ATG24 (1)
- ATP (1)
- Absorption Spectra (1)
- Acetobacterium (1)
- Acetogenic metabolism (1)
- Acid transporters (1)
- Active Particles (1)
- Adenosine (1)
- Aedes (1)
- Agent-based modeling (1)
- Aging (1)
- Aging Phenomenon (1)
- Aichi targets (1)
- Air Pollutants (1)
- Alien species (1)
- Allohormone pheromones (1)
- Alphaproteobacteria (1)
- Amino Acids (1)
- Amphibia (1)
- Amplexus (1)
- Anabaena flos-aquae (1)
- Anacystis (1)
- Anaerobes (1)
- Anaerobic bacteria (1)
- Androst-4-en-3,17-dione (1)
- Anion Transport System (1)
- Anthraquinones (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Antibiotic Resistance (1)
- Antibiotics and Metabolite Export (1)
- Antioxidants (1)
- Aphanomyces astaci (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Aposematism (1)
- Aquilegia (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Ascomycota (1)
- Assignment (1)
- Assimilation of 15N-Nitrate (1)
- Asymmetrie Reconstitution (1)
- Auditory midbrain (1)
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (1)
- Autism Spectrum disorder (1)
- Automobile Exhaust (1)
- B chromosome (1)
- Bacillariaphyceae (1)
- Bacillus (1)
- Background expression (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bacterial Metabolism (1)
- Bacterial genes (1)
- Bacterial physiology (1)
- Bacterial structural biology (1)
- Bacteriology (1)
- Baleen whales (1)
- Band 3 Protein (1)
- Bartonella henselae (1)
- Basidiomycota (1)
- Behaviour (1)
- Benin (1)
- Benthic environment (1)
- Benthos (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Biodiversity tools and pipelines (1)
- Bioenergetics/Electron Transfer Complex (1)
- Bioengineering (1)
- Biofuels (1)
- Biohydrogen (1)
- Biological anthropology (1)
- Bioreactor (1)
- Biosecurity (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Biotic interactions (1)
- Biotransformation (1)
- Body burden (1)
- Bogert’s rule (1)
- Bolivia (1)
- Bovidae (1)
- Brain-stimulus synchrony (1)
- Breeding glands (1)
- Brudenell River (1)
- Bungarus (1)
- Bungarus niger (1)
- Bungarus walli (1)
- Business strategy in drug development (1)
- Butyrate (1)
- CAZy (1)
- CLP protease (1)
- CNV 16p11.2 (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 gene conversion (1)
- CXCL12 (1)
- CXCR4 (1)
- CaMPARI (1)
- Caffeate Respiration (1)
- Calathea (1)
- Calmodulin (1)
- Canada (1)
- Canis lupus (1)
- Canis lupus familiaris (1)
- Carbohydrates (1)
- Carbon capture (1)
- Carbon cycling (1)
- Cardiac regeneration (1)
- Cardiac remodeling (1)
- Carnivora (1)
- Carnivores (1)
- Carotene Isomerase (1)
- Carotenoid Desaturation (1)
- Castor bean tick (1)
- Catalase (1)
- Cation Proton Antiporter (1)
- Cell Wall (1)
- Cellular microbiology (1)
- Cellulase gene expression (1)
- Cercospora (1)
- Chagas disease (1)
- Chaperone Chaperonin (1)
- Chaperones (1)
- Chemical communication (1)
- Chemical dispersant (1)
- Chemical dispersants (1)
- Chemistry (1)
- Chemotaxonomy (1)
- Chironomus riparius (1)
- Chlorophyll (1)
- Chlorophyll Fluorescence (1)
- Chlorophyll Formation (1)
- Chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- Chloroplast (1)
- Chlorosis (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Chromones (1)
- Chrysops (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate Change (1)
- Climate-change ecology (1)
- Climatic conditions (1)
- Closely related fungal species (1)
- ClpB (1)
- Coevolution (1)
- Colorectal Cancer (1)
- Community barcoding (1)
- Computational model (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Coronaries (1)
- Cortex (1)
- Cortical column (1)
- Costs (1)
- Crude oil (1)
- Crystal Structure (1)
- Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) (1)
- Cumate (1)
- D. magna (1)
- DCMU-Type Inhibitors (1)
- DCMU-Type Inhibitors Shade Adaptation (1)
- DEPDC5 (1)
- DIRAS2 (1)
- DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (1)
- DNA metabarcoding (1)
- DNA-Specific Labelling (1)
- Daboia russelii (1)
- Dark fermentation (1)
- Data standard (1)
- Data standards (1)
- Deep sea (1)
- Dehydration (medicine) (1)
- Dental Tissues (1)
- Depth (1)
- Development (1)
- Diatomophthora (1)
- Dicellomyces (1)
- Dimer Yield Ratio (1)
- Dimerization domain (1)
- Dioscorea (1)
- Diosgenin Production (1)
- Direct seeding (1)
- Discovery (1)
- Diseases (1)
- Dispersal capacity (1)
- Dissemination (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Drought (1)
- Drought reaction (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Drug therapy (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- E-NTPDase (1)
- ER (1)
- ERAL1 (1)
- EROD (1)
- Earth sciences (1)
- EcNhaA (1)
- Ech (1)
- Ecological niche modelling (1)
- Ecological requirements (1)
- Ecosystem Services (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (1)
- Ectrogella (1)
- Electron Microscopy (1)
- Electron transport chain (1)
- Electron-bifurcating hydrogenase (1)
- Electrophysiology (1)
- Elimination of Rho Factor (1)
- Embryo toxicity (1)
- Embryogenesis (1)
- Emerging insect model organisms (1)
- Endocrine disruptors (1)
- Endocrine-disrupting compounds (1)
- Endothelial (1)
- Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Entolomataceae (1)
- Entorrhizales (1)
- Envelope (1)
- Environmental factors (1)
- Environmental fate (1)
- Environmental health (1)
- Environmental partitioning (1)
- Environmental sciences (1)
- Environmental studies (1)
- Enzyme Induction (1)
- Enzyme Kinetics (1)
- Enzyme engineering (1)
- EphrinB2 (1)
- Equilibrium partitioning theory (1)
- Erythrocyte Membrane (1)
- Ethiopia (1)
- Ethylmalonyl-CoA (1)
- Eubacterium (1)
- Europe (1)
- European Beech (1)
- European Union (1)
- Evolutionary biology (1)
- Evolutionary developmental biology (1)
- Evolutionary genetics (1)
- Excretion (1)
- Extracellular matrix (1)
- Extremophile (1)
- Extremophiles (1)
- F1Fo-ATP-synthase (1)
- FAD (1)
- FAD synthase (1)
- FAD1 (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Fabclavine (1)
- Fagaceae (1)
- Far UV (1)
- Felidae (1)
- Filamentous fungi (1)
- Flavoproteins (1)
- Fluorescence imaging (1)
- Folic Acid Antagonists (1)
- Foraminiferal (1)
- Freshwater (1)
- Freshwater Ecosystems (1)
- Freshwater invertebrate (1)
- Functional Ecology (1)
- Functional genomics (1)
- Functional traits (1)
- Fungal pan-genomes (1)
- G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) (1)
- G3BP1 (1)
- GRAND-SLAM (1)
- Gal2 (1)
- Galakturonsäure (1)
- Gas Vacuoles (1)
- Gene sll0033 (1)
- Genetic variation (1)
- Genetic vectors (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genome (1)
- Genome sequence (1)
- Genotoxicity (1)
- Genotyping and haplotyping (1)
- Geoffrey Burnstock (1)
- Geomagnetic field (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Glucose-6-phosphate- and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (1)
- Glycolate Oxidase (1)
- Glycophorin A dimerization (1)
- Graminicolous downy mildews (1)
- H+ transport (1)
- HARS2 (1)
- HCMV (1)
- HER (1)
- HWC database (1)
- Habitat transfer (1)
- Haematopota (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Health care (1)
- Heart (1)
- Heat-Bleaching (of Plastids) (1)
- Hematophagous arthropods (1)
- Herbicide Resistance (1)
- Herbicide Resistant Mutants (1)
- Herbicide-Tolerant Mutants (1)
- Herbivores (1)
- Hi-C (1)
- High Performance Liquid (1)
- Hippocampal development (1)
- Hippocampus (1)
- History (1)
- Hominins (1)
- Host jump (1)
- Hybridization (1)
- Hydrogen storage (1)
- Hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (1)
- Hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (HDCR) (1)
- Hydrogenase (1)
- Hypercolumn (1)
- Hypothermia (1)
- I50 Value (1)
- IDP (1)
- ITS (1)
- IUCN protection categories (1)
- In situ burning (1)
- In vivo electrophysiology (1)
- Inducible Promoter (1)
- Infectious diseases (1)
- Inferior colliculus (1)
- Influenza (1)
- International survey (1)
- Intestinal bacterial community (1)
- Inthraszentin (1)
- InvaCost (1)
- Invasive species (1)
- Isoprenoids (1)
- Isozyme Pattern (1)
- Ixodes ricinus (1)
- Kinetics of Dimer Formation (1)
- Klebsiella (1)
- Kordyana (1)
- LARS2 (1)
- LASSO algorithm (1)
- LanI Protein (1)
- Lantibiotic (1)
- Lantibiotic Immunity (1)
- Larmor frequency (1)
- Larva (1)
- Latent Injury (1)
- Laurasiatheria (1)
- Leaf Peroxisomes (1)
- Leguminosae (1)
- Life-Satisfaction (1)
- Life-history (1)
- Lifespan (1)
- Light dark transition test (1)
- Light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Limnology (1)
- Limonene-3-hydroxylase (1)
- Lineage Through Time (1)
- Lipoprotein (1)
- Long-term potentiation (1)
- MARTINI force field (1)
- MEK inhibition (1)
- MMN (1)
- Macrobenthosda (1)
- Macroevolution (1)
- Macrotermes (1)
- Macrozoobenthos (1)
- Magnetic conditioning (1)
- Magnetic map (1)
- Marantaceae (1)
- Marine biodiversity (1)
- Marine ecosystem (1)
- Marine invertebrates (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Maternal Immune Activation (1)
- Mawson Bank (1)
- Mechanisms of disease (1)
- Mediterranean plants (1)
- Meliolales (1)
- Membrane Energetics (1)
- Membrane Enzymes (1)
- Membrane Protein Complex (1)
- MetVF (1)
- Metabolomics (1)
- Metagenomic shotgun sequencing (1)
- Metamorphosis (1)
- Methylene-THF reductase (1)
- Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (1)
- Methylotroph (1)
- Methyltransferase (1)
- Mevalonic Acid (1)
- Microbiota (1)
- Microbotryales (1)
- Microenvironment (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mineralization (1)
- Mitochondrial Transport (1)
- Mitochondrial proteases (1)
- MjNhaP1 (1)
- Model (1)
- Molecular biology (1)
- Monoterpenoid (1)
- Monoterpenoid tolerance (1)
- Montane forest (1)
- Mount Kilimanjaro (1)
- Museum samples (1)
- Mutual information (1)
- Myocardial infarction (1)
- Myotis bechsteinii (1)
- NMR solution structure (1)
- NW Pacific (1)
- Na Gradient (1)
- Na+ transport (1)
- Naja (1)
- Nanoplastic (1)
- Natural Products (1)
- Natural products (1)
- Natural sounds (1)
- Nature Contributions to People (1)
- Nature Interest Scale (NIS) (1)
- Nature Valuation (1)
- Nature conservation (1)
- Nature's Contributions to People (1)
- Naturstoffe (1)
- Neocaridina palmata (1)
- Neotropic (1)
- Neural circuits (1)
- Neural map (1)
- Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders (1)
- Neuroligins (1)
- Neuronal Differentiation (1)
- Neurotoxicity (1)
- New host (1)
- New species (1)
- Niche (1)
- Nitrogen Metabolism (1)
- Noctuidae (1)
- Non-canonical terpenes (1)
- Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- Non-structural protein (1)
- Norflurazon (1)
- Normative dimension (1)
- Nothopassalora (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1)
- Nucleic acid-binding domain (1)
- Nucleocapsid (1)
- Nucleus reuniens (1)
- Nyctalus leisleri (1)
- O-CAS assay (1)
- OXPHOS (1)
- Obituary (1)
- Oil spills (1)
- Olfactory Receptors (1)
- Olpidiopsis (1)
- Omp85-independent OMP Insertion (1)
- Optimal wiring (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Organic micropollutants (1)
- Organoids (1)
- Organophosphates (1)
- Orientation preference (1)
- Oxidation-Reduction (1)
- Oxidative Stress (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Oxygen Evolution (1)
- Ozone (1)
- P 700 (1)
- P. anserina (1)
- P. maximowiczii Henry x P. nigra L. cv. Rochester (1)
- POTRA Domains (1)
- PaCRD1 (1)
- PaIAP (1)
- Panama (1)
- Panolis flammea (1)
- Parkinson (1)
- Parkinson’s disease (1)
- Particle toxicity (1)
- Passalora (1)
- Pathogenesis (1)
- Pathways (1)
- Pelagic (1)
- Peptide natural products (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Phenology (1)
- Pheromone Inhibitor (1)
- Pheromones (1)
- Phosphohydrolases (1)
- Photoinactivation (1)
- Photorhabdus (1)
- Photosynthetic CO2 Fixation (1)
- Photosynthetic Reaction Center (1)
- Photosystem II (1)
- Phvtoene Desaturase (1)
- Phvtofluene (1)
- Phylogenetics (1)
- Physical chemistry (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Phytoene (1)
- Pigment Composition (1)
- Pigment and Protein Content (1)
- Pink1 (1)
- Pinnotheres (1)
- Pinwheel (1)
- Planetary boundaries (1)
- Plant regeneration (1)
- Plant regeneration; community assembly; diversity (1)
- Plant sciences (1)
- Plant stress (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plastic response (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Plastid rRNA (1)
- Podocarpus National Park (1)
- Polyhedral Bodies (1)
- Polyketides (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polypeptides (1)
- Population density (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Populus nigra L. cv. Loenen (1)
- Porin (1)
- Potato Tuber Slices (1)
- Potato Tuber Tissue (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Premature Leaf Drop (1)
- Prenyl pyrophosphates (1)
- Product reuptake (1)
- Protein Assembly (1)
- Protein Complexes (1)
- Protein DNA-Interaction (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein Shape (1)
- Protein Sorting (1)
- Protein drugability (1)
- Protein druggability (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Pseudocercospora (1)
- Pseudomonas (1)
- Pseudomonas putida (1)
- Pure Cultures of Marine Diatoms (1)
- Purkinje cell (1)
- Pyrophosphatase (1)
- QuEChERS (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Quantum Requirement (1)
- Quarantine (1)
- Quercus (1)
- Quercus frainetto (1)
- Quercus frainetto Ten. (Ungarische Eiche) (1)
- Quercus ilex L. (Steineiche) (1)
- Quercus pubescens (1)
- Quercus pubescens Willd. (Flaumeiche) (1)
- Quercus robur L. (Stieleiche) (1)
- Quercus rubra L. (Roteiche) (1)
- Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase (1)
- Quinones (1)
- Qв Binding Protein (1)
- R-INLA (1)
- RBFOX1 (1)
- REM sleep (1)
- RMP1 (1)
- RNA Polymerase (1)
- RNA genome (1)
- RNA polymerase (1)
- RNA sequencing (1)
- RNA stability (1)
- RNA turnover (1)
- RNA-binding proteins (1)
- Radical Pair model (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Range expansion (1)
- Recolonization (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regulation of D1 Protein (1)
- Reintroduction (1)
- Rep gene (1)
- Reproduction (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Respiration (1)
- Respiratory chain (1)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (1)
- Rhodnius prolixus (1)
- Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (1)
- Ribosomen, rRNA Prozessierung, snoRNA, Ribosomenbiogenesefaktoren (1)
- Rnf (1)
- Robert Koch Institute (1)
- Ross Sea (1)
- Russell´s Viper (1)
- S-azidoacyl-N-acetylcysteamine (1)
- S9 (1)
- SL1 (1)
- SL5b (1)
- SL5b + c (1)
- SL5c (1)
- SLAM-seq (1)
- SNF1 (1)
- SNP (1)
- SNP genotyping (1)
- SNPs (1)
- SPAD (1)
- SR proteins (1)
- SSA (1)
- Salinity (1)
- Scale-up (1)
- Schistosomiaisis (1)
- Schizokinen (1)
- Science–society interactions (1)
- Scrotifera (1)
- Sea water (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Secretin (1)
- Secretins (1)
- Secretion (1)
- Seed sowing experiment (1)
- Seedling establishment (1)
- Sensorimotor processing (1)
- Sensory processing (1)
- Sex Attractants (1)
- Shade Adaptation (1)
- Shallow water (1)
- Shores (1)
- Sign posts (1)
- Simuliidae (1)
- Smut fungi (1)
- Social sciences (1)
- Sodefrin precursor-like factor (1)
- Sodium Proton Exchange (1)
- Sodium Transport (1)
- Sodium transport (1)
- Solanum lycopersicum (1)
- Solid Supported Membrane (1)
- SpaI (1)
- Spatial navigation (1)
- Species richness (1)
- Spectral clustering algorithm (1)
- Sporisorium reilianum (1)
- Ste2p (1)
- Stewardship (1)
- Stewardship and dissemination (1)
- Streams (1)
- Streptomyces hydrogenans (1)
- Structural protein (1)
- Structured Illumination Microscopy (1)
- Subjective Well-Being (1)
- Subtilin (1)
- Summer drought (1)
- Super resolution (1)
- Super resolution fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Supervised machine learning (1)
- Surface range (1)
- Sustainability research (1)
- Sustainable chemistry (1)
- Svetamycin (1)
- Swimming (1)
- Swimming behavior (1)
- Symbiont evolution (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- Synaptosomal preparation (1)
- Synovial Fibroblast (1)
- Synthesis gas (1)
- Systematics (1)
- TWNK (1)
- Tabanidae (1)
- Tabanus (1)
- Temperature preference (1)
- Terbutryn (1)
- Terpenes (1)
- Terpenoid (1)
- Testosterone (1)
- Tetrad Analysis (1)
- Thalassiosira (1)
- Thermoanaerobacter kivui (1)
- Thermoascus aurantiacus (1)
- Thermophiles (1)
- Thermophilic acetogenic bacteria (1)
- Thermus thermophilus (1)
- Thin Layer Chromatography (1)
- Thioesterase (1)
- Three-Dimensional Structure (1)
- Thylakoid Membrane (1)
- Thymidylate Low Requirement (1)
- Thymidylate Sensitivity (1)
- Thymidylate Synthetase (1)
- Thymidylate Uptake (1)
- Thymine Dimers (1)
- Tick-borne diseases (1)
- Tie2 (1)
- Tigray (1)
- Tocochromanol (1)
- TolC (1)
- Tools and pipelines (1)
- Tooth Development (1)
- Topology (1)
- Tragelaphus oryx (1)
- Transgenic organisms (1)
- Translational Psychiatry (1)
- Transport (1)
- Traumatic mating (1)
- Tree rings (1)
- Triatominae (1)
- Trichoptera (1)
- Trimethylamine biosynthesis (1)
- Tropical forest restoration (1)
- Tropical montane forest (1)
- Truffle (1)
- Trypanosoma rangeli (1)
- Tuber magnatum (1)
- Tylosis (1)
- Type IV Pili (1)
- UV-B Effects (1)
- UV/V cones (1)
- Ultrastructure (1)
- University students (1)
- Uptake (1)
- Ustilaginales (1)
- Ustilaginomycotina (1)
- Ustilago maydis (1)
- Ustilagomaydis (1)
- V1 (1)
- VEGF (1)
- Variability (1)
- Vector-host-interaction (1)
- Viral infection (1)
- Visual cortex (1)
- Vitality monitoring (1)
- WL110547 (1)
- Water accommodated fractions (1)
- Weather conditions (1)
- West Africa (1)
- Western Kenya (1)
- Wood properties (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- Xylem (1)
- Zea mays (1)
- Zebrafish eleutheroembryo (1)
- aIF (1)
- abiotic factors (1)
- abundance (1)
- acetogen (1)
- acetogenic metabolism (1)
- acetyl-CoA (1)
- acoustic features (1)
- acoustic stream (1)
- acquisition strategy (1)
- active sensing (1)
- adaptive transgenerational plasticity (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- additives (1)
- adhesin (1)
- adipogenesis (1)
- alarm calls (1)
- algae (1)
- all-E Lycopene (1)
- alzheimer’s disease (1)
- amplicon sequencing (1)
- angipoietin (1)
- animal welfare (1)
- annual plants (1)
- anomaly zone (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antibiotics (1)
- antimicrobial resistance (1)
- antipredator (1)
- apex bird species (1)
- aptamers (1)
- arabinose (1)
- archaea (1)
- articular chondrocytes (1)
- artificial docking domains (1)
- asgard group (1)
- assembly gaps (1)
- assisted migration (1)
- ataxia (1)
- attitudes towards species conservation (1)
- auditory cortex (1)
- automated radiotelemetry system (1)
- azido-fatty acids (1)
- bacillary angiomatosis (1)
- bacteria-host interaction (1)
- bacterial community (1)
- bacterial infection (1)
- behaviour (1)
- benchmarking (1)
- benthic fauna (1)
- bioacoustics (1)
- bioactivity testing (1)
- bioassays (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biodiversity in literature (1)
- bioenergetics (1)
- biofilm (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biological variables (1)
- biomarkers (1)
- biosonar (1)
- biotic factors (1)
- birds (1)
- bitopic transmembrane α-helix (1)
- blood vessels (1)
- boundary patrolling (1)
- brain cancer (1)
- brain rhythms (1)
- brain waves (1)
- branching (1)
- breeding sites (1)
- cardiolipin (1)
- cardiovascular disease (1)
- carnivora (1)
- carotenogenic pathways (1)
- carotenoid distribution (1)
- carotenoid pathway engineering (1)
- carotenoid structures (1)
- caudate (1)
- central place foraging (1)
- cerebellum (1)
- checklist (1)
- checkpoint inhibitors (1)
- chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- chromosomes (1)
- click-chemistry (1)
- climatic variables (1)
- co-transcriptional regulation (1)
- coalescence (1)
- cobra (1)
- coevolution (1)
- communication (1)
- communication-mediating domains (1)
- community ecology (1)
- community mean (1)
- compass orientation (1)
- complete chloroplast genome (1)
- complexome profiling (1)
- computational literary studies (1)
- connection to nature (1)
- consortia (1)
- control theory (1)
- cooperation (1)
- cophylogeny (1)
- cospeciation (1)
- cotransformation (1)
- coupling (1)
- cpDNA (1)
- cross-species RNA-sequencing (1)
- crosslinking-mass spectrometry (1)
- crustacea (1)
- cryo-EM (1)
- cultural ecosystem services (1)
- custom (1)
- cyclooctyne (1)
- cytosolic free calcium (1)
- de novo Synthesis (1)
- de novo transcription (1)
- decomposition (1)
- deep learning (1)
- deep sea (1)
- deep-sea sediment (1)
- deletion mutant (1)
- demography (1)
- dendrite (1)
- dendritic branching (1)
- dendritic morphology (1)
- depth (1)
- dermosphere (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- differentially regulated orthologs (1)
- differentiation diversity (1)
- digital student lab (1)
- dimer interface formation (1)
- discrete choice modeling (1)
- distribution (1)
- diurnal variation (1)
- docking domains (1)
- domain architecture evolution (1)
- downy mildew (1)
- drug design (1)
- easyPACId (1)
- ecological risk assessment (1)
- ecology and biodiversity (1)
- ecospat (1)
- ecosystem management (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- ectomycorrhizal (1)
- effect monitoring (1)
- effectors (1)
- elapid snake (1)
- elephant (1)
- elevational gradient (1)
- endocrine disruption (1)
- endocrine-disrupting chemicals (1)
- endophytes (1)
- endothelium (1)
- energy (1)
- energy-converting hydrogenase (Ech) (1)
- engineering (1)
- envenoming (1)
- environmental DNA (1)
- environmental behavior (1)
- environmental factors (1)
- environmental gradients (1)
- environmental humanities (1)
- environmental knowledge (1)
- environmental pollution (1)
- eukaryotic biodiversity (1)
- evolution (1)
- evolutionary traceability (1)
- exon coalescence (1)
- exon concatenation (1)
- experiment (1)
- exposome (1)
- exposure (1)
- expression system (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extreme frost (1)
- failure to diverge (1)
- fatty acid dependency (1)
- fatty acid desaturation (1)
- fatty acid metabolism (1)
- fitness (1)
- flowering (1)
- foliar pathogens (1)
- food contact materials (1)
- foraging (1)
- foraging site fidelity (1)
- foraging site switching (1)
- forest management (1)
- freshwater crayfish (1)
- functional group (1)
- functional traits (1)
- fungal effectors (1)
- fungal pathogens (1)
- fungal phylogeny (1)
- fungal traits (1)
- fuzzy clustering (1)
- gamma oscillations (1)
- gas exchange (1)
- gene conversion (1)
- gene families (1)
- gene models (1)
- generalised additive models (1)
- genetic engineering (1)
- genome architecture (1)
- genome assembly (1)
- genome assembly and annotation (1)
- genomic diversity (1)
- genotype (1)
- genotyping (1)
- geoecology (1)
- geographical origin (1)
- giraffe behavior (1)
- glidobactins (1)
- global biomes (1)
- glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- glucocorticoid response (1)
- graded structure (1)
- grasslands (1)
- gravity (1)
- growth promotion (1)
- guanidine riboswitch (1)
- guided zoo tours (1)
- habitat heterogeneity (1)
- hands-on elements (1)
- heat (1)
- heat and drought (1)
- heat-shock protein (1)
- heathlands (1)
- hematopoietic stem cell (1)
- herbaria (1)
- herbivores (1)
- heteroplasmy (1)
- heterozygous cells (1)
- high temperature (1)
- high throughput screening (1)
- hippo (1)
- historical biodiversity (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- homologous gene expression (1)
- honey bee classification (1)
- honey bees (1)
- horizontal gene transfer (1)
- host specificity (1)
- host-switch (1)
- housing conditions (1)
- human footprint (1)
- human-wildlife conflict (1)
- hydroxamate (1)
- hyperparasitic fungi (1)
- hyperparasitism (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- in-vitro Assay (1)
- inbreeding (1)
- indel (1)
- individual interest (1)
- individuality (1)
- infectious diseases (1)
- infra-slow oscillation (1)
- integrate-and-fire (1)
- inter- seasonal predictability (1)
- interaction networks (1)
- interest in nature (1)
- intersexuality (1)
- invasive mammals (1)
- iron starvation (1)
- krait (1)
- lab motivation scale (LMS) (1)
- land use (1)
- landscape fragmentation (1)
- lantibiotic (1)
- large subunit maturation (1)
- lateral line (1)
- latitudinal gradient (1)
- learning technology (1)
- left ventricular hypertrophy (1)
- leukodystrophy (1)
- light (1)
- light-harvesting (1)
- lipid metabolism (1)
- lipoprotein (1)
- livelihood (1)
- liver cancer (1)
- local field potentials (1)
- long noncoding RNA (1)
- long sequencing reads (1)
- long-term protection (1)
- long36 term protection (1)
- mPFC (1)
- mPTP (1)
- mRNA (1)
- mTOR (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macroevolution (1)
- macrohabitat (1)
- magnetoreception (1)
- maladaptation (1)
- mathematical modeling (1)
- maturity (1)
- maximum likelihood (1)
- mean fruit body size (1)
- mechanics (1)
- medically relevant (1)
- meerkats (1)
- membrane protein (1)
- membrane trafficking (1)
- metabolic disruptors (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metazoans (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microbiome (1)
- microplastics (1)
- microsatellite (1)
- migration (1)
- missing data (1)
- mitochondria localization (1)
- mitochondrial dysfunction (1)
- mitochondrial localization motif (1)
- mitohormesis (1)
- mitophagy (1)
- molecular phylogenetic analysis (1)
- monetary impacts (1)
- monocytes (1)
- morphology evaluation (1)
- moth indicator groups (1)
- mounting (1)
- movement (1)
- mt DNA (1)
- mtDNA haplotypes (1)
- multi-generation experiment (1)
- mushroom (1)
- mycorrhiza (1)
- myeloid angiogenic cells (1)
- natural behavior (1)
- natural products (1)
- naturalistic stimuli (1)
- nature connectedness (1)
- nematode diversity (1)
- network analysis (1)
- neural coding (1)
- neuro-vascular (1)
- neurobiology (1)
- neurodegeneration (1)
- neurodevelopment (1)
- neuroethology (1)
- neuromodulation (1)
- neuronal coherence (1)
- neurosimulation (1)
- nightly behavior (1)
- nisin binding (1)
- nocturnal activity (1)
- non-destructive sampling (1)
- non-material contribution (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide syntheses (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (1)
- non-target chemical analysis (1)
- non-timber forest products (NTFPs) (1)
- nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (1)
- nontarget (1)
- northern giraffe (1)
- novel natural products (1)
- obesogens (1)
- obligate pathogens (1)
- octanoic acid (1)
- oncomodulation (1)
- one new species (1)
- oomycete (1)
- oomycetes (1)
- open-source 3D bioprinting (1)
- organoids (1)
- orientation behavior (1)
- orthogroup (1)
- orthology (1)
- orthology assignment (1)
- outdoor education (1)
- oxygenic photosynthesis (1)
- pH Regulation (1)
- paleobiology (1)
- parabolic flight (1)
- paralogy (1)
- parasitism (1)
- parasitoid (1)
- parathyroid hormone 2 (1)
- pathogenicity (1)
- pathway (1)
- pathway complexity (1)
- pathway evolution (1)
- peptide-antimicrobial-Xenorhabdus peptide (1)
- phenology (1)
- phosphoketolase (1)
- phosphotransacetylase (1)
- photocycle (1)
- phylogenetic informativeness (1)
- phylogenetic profiles (1)
- phylogenetic profiling (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- physiological stress (1)
- planning and design (1)
- plant regeneration (1)
- plasma (1)
- plasmid (1)
- plasmid copy number (1)
- playback experiment (1)
- policies (1)
- politics and governance (1)
- pollinator crisis (1)
- polymers (1)
- polyploidy (1)
- population structure (1)
- postglacial colonisation (1)
- posture estimation (1)
- power law (1)
- precipitation (1)
- prediction error (1)
- priority natural areas (1)
- probe kit (1)
- propagating waves (1)
- proteasome inhibitors (1)
- protein folding (1)
- protein production (1)
- protein structure (1)
- proteobacteria (1)
- proteoliposomes, (1)
- proteomics (1)
- proton translocation (1)
- protoplast fusion (1)
- qH2 (1)
- quality control (1)
- quantitative disease resistance (1)
- quercus (1)
- raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) (1)
- radical pair model (1)
- random forest (1)
- range boundary (1)
- range expansion (1)
- reaction mechanisms (1)
- receptor (1)
- regulation (1)
- reliability (1)
- repeat elements (1)
- repetition suppression (1)
- reptiles (1)
- resource losses (1)
- retrophylogenomics (1)
- ribosome (1)
- ribosomes, Arabiodpsis thaliana, pre-rRNA processing, snoRNA, (1)
- rock-climbing impact (1)
- root allocation strategy (1)
- root functional traits (1)
- roots (1)
- runs of homozygosity (1)
- sage downy mildew (1)
- saprobic and ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes (1)
- saprotrophic (1)
- scale development (1)
- scale invariance (1)
- seafloor bathymetry (1)
- sediment (1)
- selection gradients (1)
- senescence (1)
- sensory (1)
- sensory acquisition (1)
- serine/arginine-rich proteins (1)
- shallow water (1)
- shroom (1)
- siderophore (1)
- siderophore-dependent iron uptake (1)
- signaling (1)
- silicate (1)
- simplified production (1)
- small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- small animals (1)
- small protein (1)
- small proteins (1)
- smut fungi (1)
- snake bite (1)
- social information (1)
- social isolation (1)
- socio-economic sectors (1)
- socio-economics (1)
- soil degradation (1)
- soil fungal communities (1)
- sound coding (1)
- spatial analysis (1)
- spatial modelling (1)
- special needs students (1)
- speciation (1)
- species delimitation (1)
- species distribution model (1)
- species richness (1)
- splicing (1)
- splicing regulation (1)
- stairway plot (1)
- stereolithography (1)
- stimulus repetition (1)
- stingless bee (1)
- stochastic factors (1)
- strained promoted cycloadditon (1)
- sub-Saharan Africa (1)
- sugar uptake (1)
- sun exposure (1)
- suricates (1)
- surround suppression (1)
- survival rate (1)
- sustainability (1)
- symbiont association patterns (1)
- systems knowledge (1)
- tRNA (1)
- tRackIT (1)
- tafazzin (1)
- target knowledge (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- teaching tool (1)
- technology acceptance model (TAM) (1)
- temperate forest (1)
- temperature (1)
- terrestrial mammal (1)
- text mining (1)
- thermal-melanism hypothesis (1)
- thiolation domain (1)
- threatened cliff plant species (1)
- tight junctions (1)
- topology (1)
- trait evolution (1)
- traits (1)
- transcription (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transdisciplinarity (1)
- transformation knowledge (1)
- transglutaminase 2 (1)
- translation initiation (1)
- transplant experiment (1)
- trimeric autotransporter adhesin (1)
- trisporic acids (1)
- tritrophic interaction (1)
- trophic interactions (1)
- tumor model (1)
- tumor-associated macrophages (1)
- universal (1)
- university students (1)
- unselected segregation (1)
- validity (1)
- vascular integrity (1)
- vegetation (1)
- venomous snakes (1)
- video action classification (1)
- viruses (1)
- vocalization (1)
- vocalization production; (1)
- volatile (1)
- warming (1)
- water security (1)
- white truffle (1)
- wing geometric morphometrics (1)
- wolf (1)
- wwtr1 (1)
- xenology (1)
- xylose (1)
- yap1 (1)
- yeast (1)
- zinc finger (1)
- zoo (1)
- zoo education (1)
- zoo elephants (1)
- µ-protein (1)
- β-Barrel Proteins (1)
- β-oxidation (1)
- ζ-Carotene (1)
Institute
- Biowissenschaften (534)
- Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (32)
- Medizin (17)
- Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F) (15)
- Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie (13)
- Buchmann Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften (BMLS) (13)
- Zentrum für Biomolekulare Magnetische Resonanz (BMRZ) (13)
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität (11)
- MPI für Biophysik (8)
- Biochemie und Chemie (7)
Riboswitches are regulatory RNA elements that undergo functionally important allosteric conformational switching upon binding of specific ligands. The here investigated guanidine-II riboswitch binds the small cation, guanidinium, and forms a kissing loop-loop interaction between its P1 and P2 hairpins. We investigated the structural changes to support previous studies regarding the binding mechanism. Using NMR spectroscopy, we confirmed the structure as observed in crystal structures and we characterized the kissing loop interaction upon addition of Mg2+ and ligand for the riboswitch aptamer from Escherichia coli. We further investigated closely related mutant constructs providing further insight into functional differences between the two (different) hairpins P1 and P2. Formation of intermolecular interactions were probed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and NMR DOSY data. All data are consistent and show the formation of oligomeric states of the riboswitch induced by Mg2+ and ligand binding.
Identifying unexpected acoustic inputs, which allows to react appropriately to new situations, is of major importance for animals. Neural deviance detection describes a change of neural response strength to a stimulus solely caused by the stimulus' probability of occurrence. In the present study, we searched for correlates of deviance detection in auditory brainstem responses obtained in anaesthetised bats (Carollia perspicillata). In an oddball paradigm, we used two pure tone stimuli that represented the main frequencies used by the animal during echolocation (60 kHz) and communication (20 kHz). For both stimuli, we could demonstrate significant differences of response strength between deviant and standard response in slow and fast components of the auditory brainstem response. The data suggest the presence of correlates of deviance detection in brain stations below the inferior colliculus (IC), at the level of the cochlea nucleus and lateral lemniscus. Additionally, our results suggest that deviance detection is mainly driven by repetition suppression in the echolocation frequency band, while in the communication band, a deviant-related enhancement of the response plays a more important role. This finding suggests a contextual dependence of the mechanisms underlying subcortical deviance detection. The present study demonstrates the value of auditory brainstem responses for studying deviance detection and suggests that auditory specialists, such as bats, use different frequency-specific strategies to ensure an appropriate sensation of unexpected sounds.
1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift assignment of the stem-loops 5b + c from the 5′-UTR of SARS-CoV-2
(2022)
The ongoing pandemic of the respiratory disease COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV2) virus. SCoV2 is a member of the Betacoronavirus genus. The 30 kb positive sense, single stranded RNA genome of SCoV2 features 5′- and 3′-genomic ends that are highly conserved among Betacoronaviruses. These genomic ends contain structured cis-acting RNA elements, which are involved in the regulation of viral replication and translation. Structural information about these potential antiviral drug targets supports the development of novel classes of therapeutics against COVID-19. The highly conserved branched stem-loop 5 (SL5) found within the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) consists of a basal stem and three stem-loops, namely SL5a, SL5b and SL5c. Both, SL5a and SL5b feature a 5′-UUUCGU-3′ hexaloop that is also found among Alphacoronaviruses. Here, we report the extensive 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignment of the 37 nucleotides (nts) long sequence spanning SL5b and SL5c (SL5b + c), as basis for further in-depth structural studies by solution NMR spectroscopy.
Background: Through the rapid development in DNA sequencing methods and tools, microbiome studies on a various number of species were performed during the last decade. This advance makes it possible to analyze hundreds of samples from different species at the same time in order to obtain a general overview of the microbiota. However, there is still uncertainty on the variability of the microbiota of different animal orders and on whether certain bacteria within a species are subject to greater fluctuations than others. This is largely due to the fact that the analysis in most extensive comparative studies is based on only a few samples per species or per study site. In our study, we aim to close this knowledge gap by analyzing multiple individual samples per species including two carnivore suborders Canoidea and Feloidea as well as the orders of herbivore Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla held in different zoos. To assess microbial diversity, 621 fecal samples from 31 species were characterized by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq.
Results: We found significant differences in the consistency of microbiota composition and in fecal microbial diversity between carnivore and herbivore species. Whereas the microbiota of Carnivora is highly variable and inconsistent within and between species, Perissodactyla and Ruminantia show fewer differences across species boundaries. Furthermore, low-abundance bacterial families show higher fluctuations in the fecal microbiota than high-abundance ones.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that microbial diversity is significantly higher in herbivores than in carnivores, whereas the microbiota in carnivores, unlike in herbivores, varies widely even within species. This high variability has methodological implications and underlines the need to analyze a minimum amount of about 10 samples per species. In our study, we found considerable differences in the occurrence of different bacterial families when looking at just three and six samples. However, from a sample number of 10 onwards, these within-species fluctuations balanced out in most cases and led to constant and more reliable results.
Background: Efficient transfer of chemical signals is important for successful mating in many animal species. Multiple evolutionary lineages of animals evolved direct sex pheromone transmission during traumatic mating—the wounding of the partner with specialized devices—which helps to avoid signal loss to the environment. Although such direct transmission modes of so-called allohormone pheromones are well-documented in invertebrates, they are considered rare in vertebrates. Males of several species of the frog genus Plectrohyla (Hylidae, Anura) have elongated teeth and develop swollen lips during the breeding season. Here we investigated the possibility that these structures are used to scratch the females’ skin and apply allohormone pheromones during traumatic mating in several Plectrohyla species.
Results: Our behavioural observations revealed that males press their upper jaw onto the females’ dorsum during amplexus, leaving small skin scratches with their teeth. Histological examinations of the males’ lips identified specialized mucus glands, resembling known amphibian pheromone glands. Whole-transcriptome sequencing of these breeding glands showed high expression of sodefrin precursor-like factor (SPF) proteins, which are known to have a pheromone function in multiple amphibian species.
Conclusions: Our study suggests SPF delivery via traumatic mating in several anuran species: the males have specialized breeding glands in the lips for production and secretion and use their elongated teeth as wounding devices for application. We hypothesize that these SPF proteins end up in the females’ circulatory system, where understanding their exact function will require further molecular, physiological and behavioural testing.
Natural products have been proven to be important starting points for the development of new drugs. Bacteria in the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus produce antimicrobial compounds as secondary metabolites to compete with other organisms. Our study is the first comprehensive study screening the anti-protozoal activity of supernatants containing secondary metabolites produced by 5 Photorhabdus and 22 Xenorhabdus species against human parasitic protozoa, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis, Leishmania tropica and Trypanosoma cruzi, and the identification of novel bioactive antiprotozoal compounds using the easyPACId approach (easy Promoter Activated Compound Identification) method. Though not in all species, both bacterial genera produce antiprotozoal compounds effective on human pathogenic protozoa. The promoter exchange mutants revealed that antiprotozoal bioactive compounds produced by Xenorhabdus bacteria were fabclavines, xenocoumacins, xenorhabdins and PAX peptides. Among the bacteria assessed, only P. namnaoensis appears to have acquired amoebicidal property which is effective on E. histolytica trophozoites. These discovered antiprotozoal compounds might serve as starting points for the development of alternative and novel pharmaceutical agents against human parasitic protozoa in the future.
Baleen whales (Mysticeti) are a clade of highly adapted carnivorous marine mammals that can reach extremely large body sizes and feature characteristic keratinaceous baleen plates used for obligate filter feeding. From a conservation perspective, nearly all baleen whale species were hunted extensively over a roughly 100 years lasting time period that depleted many of the respective whale stocks with so far unknown consequences for e.g. their molecular viability. From an evolutionary perspective, the lack of fossil records together with conflicting molecular patterns resulted in a still unclear and debated phylogeny of modern baleen whales, particularly in rorquals (Balaenopteridae). In this dissertation, I will demonstrate the application of baleen whale genomes to tackle these open questions by using modern approaches of conservation and evolutionary genomics.
Conservation genomic aspects of baleen whales were addressed in two projects, both using whole genome data of either an Icelandic fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) population or multiple blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) populations to evaluate the impact of the industrial whaling era on their molecular viability. The results suggest a substantial drop in effective population size of both species but also a lack of manifestation in genotypes of the fin whale population when compared to the blue whale populations. Especially the rare and short runs of homozygosity (ROH), usually indicative for inbreeding, suggest frequent outcrossing in fin whales while all analyzed blue whale populations featured long and frequent ROH. In addition to these analyses, genome data of blue whale populations was further used to evaluate if northern hemisphere blue whales diverged into different subspecies. Population genetic and gene flow analyses showed clearly separated and well isolated populations in accordance with their assumed geographical distance. In contrast, the genome-wide divergence between all blue whale populations was low compared to other cetacean populations and to the next closely related sei whale species. Because this includes the morphologically different and well recognized pygmy blue whale subspecies, a proposal was made to equally categorize the two northern-hemisphere blue whale populations as subspecies.
Evolutionary aspects were addressed in a third project, by constructing the genome of the pygmy right whale (Caperea marginata) and testing its potential in phylogenetics and cancer research. Phylogenomic analyses using fragments of a whole-genome alignment featuring nearly all extant baleen whales, allowed the revision of the complex evolutionary relationships of rorquals by quantifying and characterizing the amounts of conflicts in early diverging branches. These relationships were further used to identify phylogenetically independent pairs of baleen whales with a maximum of diverging body size differences to compare rates of positive selection between their genomes. The results suggest nearly evenly distributed frequencies of alternative topologies which supports the representation of the early divergence of rorquals as a hard polytomy with high amounts of introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Within the set of available genomic data, three independent pairs of baleen whales with diverging body sizes were found and comparisons of positive selection rates resulted in many potentially body size and cancer related genes. The lack of conserved selection patterns, however, suggest a more convergent evolution of size and cancer resistance like previously discussed in paleontology.
In conclusion, the application of whole genome data using methods of conservation genetics allowed for a comprehensive estimation about the molecular viability of blue and fin whales as well as an assessment of the taxonomic status of northern-hemisphere blue whale populations. The rather different results between blue and fin whales underlines the importance of genomic monitoring of baleen whales because different species show rather different molecular consequences of their potentially varying depletions. Furthermore, as showcased for the northern-hemisphere blue whale, many important isolated populations of baleen whales may still be unknown to conservation management and genome-wide comparisons will most likely contribute to overcome this under-classification problem. The application of whole genome data in evolutionary research allowed the characterization of the complex patterns of molecular conflicts within baleen whales and especially rorquals that will contribute to the still rather unclear understanding of their evolution. The here found molecular support for the idea of convergent evolution of gigantism in whales will further guide the search for molecular patterns responsible for Peto’s paradox.
The brains of black 6 mice (Mus musculus) and Seba’s short-tailed bats (Carollia perspicillata) weigh roughly the same and share mammalian neocortical laminar architecture. Bats have highly developed sonar calls and social communication and are an excellent neuroethological animal model for auditory research. Mice are olfactory and somatosensory specialists, used frequently in auditory neuroscience for their advantage of standardization and wide genetic toolkit. This study presents an analytical approach to overcome the challenge of inter-species comparison with existing data. In both data sets, we recorded with linear multichannel electrodes down the depth of the primary auditory cortex (A1) while presenting repetitive stimuli trains at ~5 and ~40 Hz to awake bats and mice. We found that while there are similarities between cortical response profiles in both, there was a better signal to noise ratio in bats under these conditions, which allowed for a clearer following response to stimuli trains. Model fit analysis supported this, illustrating that bats had stronger response amplitude suppression to consecutive stimuli. Additionally, continuous wavelet transform revealed that bats had significantly stronger power and phase coherence during stimulus response and mice had stronger power in the background. Better signal to noise ratio and lower intertrial phase variability in bats could represent specialization for faster and more accurate temporal processing at lower metabolic costs. Our findings demonstrate a potentially different general auditory processing principle; investigating such differences may increase our understanding of how the ecological need of a species shapes the development and function of its nervous system.
Enhanced LTP of population spikes in the dentate gyrus of mice haploinsufficient for neurobeachin
(2020)
Deletion of the autism candidate molecule neurobeachin (Nbea), a large PH-BEACH-domain containing neuronal protein, has been shown to affect synaptic function by interfering with neurotransmitter receptor targeting and dendritic spine formation. Previous analysis of mice lacking one allele of the Nbea gene identified impaired spatial learning and memory in addition to altered autism-related behaviours. However, no functional data from living heterozygous Nbea mice (Nbea+/−) are available to corroborate the behavioural phenotype. Here, we explored the consequences of Nbea haploinsufficiency on excitation/inhibition balance and synaptic plasticity in the intact hippocampal dentate gyrus of Nbea+/− animals in vivo by electrophysiological recordings. Based on field potential recordings, we show that Nbea+/− mice display enhanced LTP of the granule cell population spike, but no differences in basal synaptic transmission, synapse numbers, short-term plasticity, or network inhibition. These data indicate that Nbea haploinsufficiency causes remarkably specific alterations to granule cell excitability in vivo, which may contribute to the behavioural abnormalities in Nbea+/− mice and to related symptoms in patients.
he most basic behavioural states of animals can be described as active or passive. While high-resolution observations of activity patterns can provide insights into the ecology of animal species, few methods are able to measure the activity of individuals of small taxa in their natural environment. We present a novel approach in which a combination of automatic radiotracking and machine learning is used to distinguish between active and passive behaviour in small vertebrates fitted with lightweight transmitters (<0.4 g).
We used a dataset containing >3 million signals from very-high-frequency (VHF) telemetry from two forest-dwelling bat species (Myotis bechsteinii [n = 52] and Nyctalus leisleri [n = 20]) to train and test a random forest model in assigning either active or passive behaviour to VHF-tagged individuals. The generalisability of the model was demonstrated by recording and classifying the behaviour of tagged birds and by simulating the effect of different activity levels with the help of humans carrying transmitters. The model successfully classified the activity states of bats as well as those of birds and humans, although the latter were not included in model training (F1 0.96–0.98).
We provide an ecological case-study demonstrating the potential of this automated monitoring tool. We used the trained models to compare differences in the daily activity patterns of two bat species. The analysis showed a pronounced bimodal activity distribution of N. leisleri over the course of the night while the night-time activity of M. bechsteinii was relatively constant. These results show that subtle differences in the timing of species' activity can be distinguished using our method.
Our approach can classify VHF-signal patterns into fundamental behavioural states with high precision and is applicable to different terrestrial and flying vertebrates. To encourage the broader use of our radiotracking method, we provide the trained random forest models together with an R package that includes all necessary data processing functionalities. In combination with state-of-the-art open-source automated radiotracking, this toolset can be used by the scientific community to investigate the activity patterns of small vertebrates with high temporal resolution, even in dense vegetation.
The most basic behavioural states of animals can be described as active or passive. However, while high-resolution observations of activity patterns can provide insights into the ecology of animal species, few methods are able to measure the activity of individuals of small taxa in their natural environment. We present a novel approach in which the automated VHF radio-tracking of small vertebrates fitted with lightweight transmitters (< 0.2 g) is used to distinguish between active and passive behavioural states.
A dataset containing > 3 million VHF signals was used to train and test a random forest model in the assignment of either active or passive behaviour to individuals from two forest-dwelling bat species (Myotis bechsteinii (n = 50) and Nyctalus leisleri (n = 20)). The applicability of the model to other taxonomic groups was demonstrated by recording and classifying the behaviour of a tagged bird and by simulating the effect of different types of vertebrate activity with the help of humans carrying transmitters. The random forest model successfully classified the activity states of bats as well as those of birds and humans, although the latter were not included in model training (F-score 0.96–0.98).
The utility of the model in tackling ecologically relevant questions was demonstrated in a study of the differences in the daily activity patterns of the two bat species. The analysis showed a pronounced bimodal activity distribution of N. leisleri over the course of the night while the night-time activity of M. bechsteinii was relatively constant. These results show that significant differences in the timing of species activity according to ecological preferences or seasonality can be distinguished using our method.
Our approach enables the assignment of VHF signal patterns to fundamental behavioural states with high precision and is applicable to different terrestrial and flying vertebrates. To encourage the broader use of our radio-tracking method, we provide the trained random forest models together with an R-package that includes all necessary data-processing functionalities. In combination with state-of-the-art open-source automated radio-tracking, this toolset can be used by the scientific community to investigate the activity patterns of small vertebrates with high temporal resolution, even in dense vegetation.
One of the earliest consequences of slicing plant storage organs such as potato tubers into thin disks is the formation of polysomes, which in potato slices is complete after 9 hours and is dependent on transcription. Fresh disks do not incorporate 32P, 3H-uridine or 14C-leucine into their ribosomes, whereas ribosomes and polysomes of aged disks use these precursors effectively. This development can be completely blocked by actinomycin D. Among the different RNAs synthesized during aging is 28S- and 16S—rRNA, 5S—RNA, tRNA, and a component sedimenting around 15—18S with a base-composition different from 16S—rRNA, 5S- and 4S—RNA and which supports peptide formation in an in vitro incorporation system.
It is suggested that this compound represents mRNA, which is not available immediately after slicing the tissue. These findings are consistent with the view of a derepression phenomenon in sliced storage tissue.
Whereas ribosome preparations of freshly sliced potato disks do not show appreciable activity in an in-vitro amino acid incorporation system, aging of the tissue leads to a greatly enhanced incorporation activity which reaches its maximum 24 hours after slicing. If ribosomes from freshly excised disks are provided with polyuridylic acid, their activity in the incorporation of phenylalanine is increased about 8 fold.
Moreover, an RNA-fraction can be dissociated by EDTA from ribosomes of aged potato tuber slices, which sediments at 15 —18S, has a base composition different from that of 16S — rRNA, 5S-and 4S —RNA, and is not present on ribosomes of fresh slices. Its appearance is inhibited by actinomycin D and therefore most probably dependent on transcription. This compound, purified from sucrose gradients, enhances in vitro leucine incorporation into peptide material by ribosomes of fresh potato slices.
The possibility is discussed that this fraction-among other factors-is responsible for the enhanced protein synthesis after slicing plant storage organs, and is indicative of a general derepression phenomenon in these tissues.
Macrophage infectivity potentiator (MIP) proteins are widespread in human pathogens including Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease and protozoans such as Trypanosoma cruzi. All MIP proteins contain a FKBP (FK506 binding protein)-like prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase domain that hence presents an attractive drug target. Some MIPs such as the Legionella protein (LpMIP) have additional appendage domains of mostly unknown function. In full-length, homodimeric LpMIP, the N-terminal dimerization domain is linked to the FKBP-like domain via a long, free-standing stalk helix. Combining X-ray crystallography, NMR and EPR spectroscopy and SAXS, we elucidated the importance of the stalk helix for protein dynamics and inhibitor binding to the FKBP-like domain and bidirectional crosstalk between the different protein regions. The first comparison of a microbial MIP and a human FKBP in complex with the same synthetic inhibitor was made possible by high-resolution structures of LpMIP with a [4.3.1]-aza-bicyclic sulfonamide and provides a basis for designing pathogen-selective inhibitors. Through stereospecific methylation, the affinity of inhibitors to to L. pneumophila and T. cruzi MIP was greatly improved. The resulting X-ray inhibitor-complex structures of LpMIP and TcMIP at 1.49 and 1.34 Å, respectively, provide a starting point for developing potent inhibitors against MIPs from multiple pathogenic microorganisms.
The production of ribosomes is a complicated multistep, that is susceptible to changes occurring within the cell and its environment. The process itself requires many proteins, known as ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs) and many non-coding RNAs like the small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). While RBFs are required for the accurate processing of the pre-rRNA into mature rRNAs, the snoRNAs act to coordinate and guide enzymes for post-transcriptional modifications, chiefly 2´-O-ribose methylation and pseudouridylation. While ribosome biogenesis is mostly described in human and yeast model eucaryotes, similar detailed studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana are far less explored and understood. Furthermore, for many experimentally confirmed modification sites the according snoRNAs and for many pre-rRNA processing steps the responsible RBFs are missing. Therefore, it is expected that a high number of snoRNAs and RBFs are not identified till yet. For this reason, RNA-deep sequencing was performed in order to identify novel snoRNAs and MS analysis data of nucleoli and nuclei of A. thaliana from a former PhD student were used in order to find new proteins involved in pre-rRNA processing.
In here, it is shown that with RNA deep-sequencing still new snoRNAs and snRNAs can be identified and that detection of predicted snoRNAs can be fulfilled with a) antisense oligonucleotides tagged with fluorescence dyes and b) with radioactive labeled antisense probes. Furthermore, a secondary structure map of the 60S and 40S subunit highlighting the predicted and moreover verified modification sites in 5.8S, 25S and 18S rRNA was created. Especially, the correlation between the modification sites and the guiding snoRNA is highlighted further shedding light on overview about current pre-rRNA modification sites and corresponding guiding snoRNAs. The next chapter reveals the complex and multi-layered existence of the 5.8S rRNA and its numerous precursors. The mutant prp24 (also known as seap1) encoding AtPRP24, is recognized as factor being important for splicing as it is promoting the recruitment of the U4 and U6 snRNAs to the spliceosome. In here, it was found that AtPRP24 is involved in processing of 5.8S rRNA precursors, recognizable by precursors that are over accumulating in the mutant. Moreover, it could be shown for the first time that the plant-specific precursor 5´-5.8S is exported to the cytoplasm, where final cleavage steps of 5.8S rRNA takes place. In the prp24.2 mutant, this precursor is exported at an increased rate to the cytoplasm, where it can be detected in the actively translating ribosomes (polysomes). A lower sensitivity of the mutant seeds to cycloheximide (CHX) suggests that due to the extension at the 5´-end of 5.8S, the structure of the 60S subunit has altered CHX binding. In conclusion, this work highlights the importance and complexity of 5.8S rRNA and its precursors for ribosome biogenesis and displays new insights into pre-rRNA processing in A. thaliana.
Xylose, an abundant sugar fraction of lignocellulosic biomass, is a five-carbon skeleton molecule. Since decades, utilization of this sugar has gained much attention and has been in particular focus as a substrate for production of biofuels like ethanol by microbial hosts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this yeast, xylose is naturally not used as a carbon source, but its utilization could be achieved by metabolic engineering either via the oxidoreductive route or through the isomerase pathway. Both pathways share xylulose as a common intermediate that must be phosphorylated before entering the endogenous metabolism via the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (noxPPP). Besides this, in some bacteria a non-phosphorylating oxidative pathway for xylose degradation exists, known as Weimberg pathway, where a molecule of xylose is converted by a series of enzymes - xylose dehydrogenase (XylB), xylonate dehydratase (XylD), 3-keto-2-deoxy-xylonate dehydratase (XylX) and α-ketoglutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (KsaD) - to form α-ketoglutarate (AKG). Besides having several useful properties as a product, AKG could also be used for cell growth as an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. One target of the present study is to establish a functional Weimberg pathway in S. cerevisiae. Previous studies have shown that this task is not trivial, for instance due to the toxicity of xylonate (the first metabolite of the pathway) and the involvement of an iron-sulfur cluster dependent enzyme, the D-xylonate dehydratase. The assembly of iron-sulfur clusters on a heterologous protein in yeast is known to be challenging.
To establish the Weimberg pathway in yeast, the genes xylB, xylD, and xylX were obtained from Caulobacter cresentus and ksaD was from Corynebacterium glutamicum. In a variant, the dehydratase xylD was replaced with orf41 from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, which is believed to be independent of iron-sulfur clusters. Growth of yeast cells on xylose as a sole carbon source was expected as an indicator of a functional Weimberg pathway. However, the heterologous expression of the codon optimized genes was not sufficient to reach this goal. Due to the complexity of the interactions of the heterologous pathway with the endogenous cellular processes, it was assumed that potential limitations could be overcome by adaptive laboratory evolution, using xylose as a sole source of carbon. Increasing selection pressure was applied on a strain with Weimberg pathway genes integrated into the genome over several generations. As a variant of the evolutionary engineering approach, mutator strains were generated. For this, RAD27 and MSH2 genes were deleted, which are involved in nucleotide excision and mismatch repair mechanisms, respectively. Some of the resulting strains PRY24, PRY25, PRY27 and PRY28 were able grow in xylose as a sole carbon source after evolutionary engineering. As a control, a non-mutator strain PRY19 was also included. Strikingly, only the mutator strains were able to consume xylose as a sole carbon source, which shows the feasibility of the approach.
In addition to the mutator strain strategy, a further approach employed in the present study was the simultaneous expression of the Weimberg pathway in the cytosol and mitochondria. This was based on the reasoning that the iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis on XylD may be improved in the organelle and that the AKG is an intermediate of the TCA cycle. In the strain AHY02, all enzymes of the pathway were tagged with mitochondrial targeting signals in addition to a full cytosolically localized pathway. The localization of the mitochondrial variants was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Together with AHY02, CEN.PK2-1C wild type strain was also included as a control for evolution. When a selection pressure on xylose was applied, both strains - AHY02 and CEN.PK2-1C - were able to grow in the course of evolution. Deletion of the xylulokinase (XKS1) gene was found to be detrimental for both evolved strains in xylose-containing media. This suggests that the evolution of the endogenous oxidoreductive and noxPPP genes is responsible for growth of the evolved cells. For the evolved strain AHY02, it could also be possible that the Weimberg pathway genes supported to growth in addition to the oxidoreductive route. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, genome sequencing and reverse engineering approaches would be necessary in future.
In addition to screening for growth on xylose as a sole carbon source, a less stringent screening system was created to examine even a minor flux of xylose towards AKG. For this, all genes necessary for conversion of isocitrate to AKG where deleted, yielding a glutamate auxotrophic strain. In this system, the cells can grow on other carbon sources, whereas xylose is only provided as a source of AKG for the synthesis of glutamate...
Identification of new natural products from nematode-associated bacteria using mass spectrometry
(2023)
This work aims to find unknown natural products produced by bacteria, that live in close association with nematodes and to elucidate their structure by using mass spectrometry.
The first chapter of this work is dedicated to the detection of hitherto unknown natural products by using a metabolomics approach and subsequent structure elucidation of said compounds. This chapter includes metabolomics analysis of Xenorhabdus szentirmaii wild type and knockout mutants, overproduction of the target compound, identification of derivatives from other strains and MS based structure elucidation.
The second and third chapters are about natural products that protect C. elegans from B. thuringiensis infections.
The second chapter deals with natural products that protect the nematode host without killing the pathogen. I deployed molecular biology methods to generate deletion and overproduction strains of a target compound, identified it via LC-MS/MS analysis and used LC-MS/MS and lipidomics to analyse the chemical properties of the active compound.
The third chapter aims at finding natural products, which are produced by Pseudomonas strains MYb11 and MYb12, respectively. These natural products display the ability to protect C. elegans by killing B. thuringiensis. I identified said compounds via fractionation and subsequent bioactivity testing. After identification, I generated production strains of the target compounds and elucidated the structure of the bioactive derivative.
The last chapter deals with the structure elucidation of peptides produced by an unusual GameXPeptide synthetase in Xenorhabdus miraniensis. I analysed producer strains of GameXPeptides using LC-MS and elucidated the structural differences between the known GameXPeptides, produced by P. luminescens TT01, and the unusual ones produced by X. miraniensis.
Bacterial biosynthetic assembly lines, such as non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and polyketide synthases, are often subject of synthetic biology – because they produce a variety of natural products invaluable for modern pharmacotherapy. Acquiring the ability to engineer these biosynthetic assembly lines allows the production of artificial non-ribosomal peptides (NRP), polyketides, and hybrids thereof with new or improved properties. However, traditional bioengineering approaches have suffered for decades from their very limited applicability and, unlike combinatorial chemistry, are stigmatized as inefficient because they cannot be linked to the high-throughput screening platforms of the pharmaceutical industry. Although combinatorial chemistry can generate new molecules cheaper, faster, and in greater numbers than traditional natural product discovery and bioengineering approaches, it does not meet current medical needs because it covers only a limited biologically relevant chemical space. Hence, methods for high-throughput generation of new natural product-like compound libraries could provide a new avenue towards the identification of new lead compounds. To this end, prior to this work, we introduced an artificial synthetic NRPS type, referred to as type S NRPS, to provide a first-of-its-kind bicombinatorial approach to parallelized high-throughput NRP library generation. However, a bottleneck of these first two generations of type S NRPS was a significant drop in production yields. To address this issue, we applied an iterative optimization process that enabled titer increases of up to 55-fold compared to the non-optimized equivalents, restoring them to wild-type levels and beyond.
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are the origin of a wide range of natural products, including many clinically used drugs. Engineering of these often giant biosynthetic machineries to produce novel non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) at high titre is an ongoing challenge. Here we describe a strategy to functionally combine NRPS fragments of Gram-negative and -positive origin, synthesising novel peptides at titres up to 290 mg l-1. Extending from the recently introduced definition of eXchange Units (XUs), we inserted synthetic zippers (SZs) to split single protein NRPSs into up to three independently expressed and translated polypeptide chains. These synthetic type of NRPS (type S) enables easier access to engineering, overcomes cloning limitations, and provides a simple and rapid approach to building peptide libraries via the combination of different NRPS subunits.
Adhesion to host cells is the first and most crucial step in infections with pathogenic Gram negative bacteria and is often mediated by trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs). TAA-producing bacteria are the causative agent of many human diseases and TAA targeted anti-adhesive compounds might counteract such bacterial infections. The modularly structured Bartonella adhesin A (BadA) is one of the best characterised TAAs and serves as an attractive adhesin to study the domain-function relationship of TAAs during infection. BadA is a major virulence factor of B. henselae and is essential for the initial attachment to host cells via adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. B. henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease and adheres to fibronectin using its long BadA fibres. The life cycle of this pathogen, with alternating host conditions, drives evolutionary and host-specific adaptations.
Human, feline, and laboratory adapted B. henselae isolates display genomic and phenotypic differences. By analysing the genomes of eight B. henselae strains using long-read sequencing, a variable genomic badA island with a diversified and highly repetitive badA gene flanked by badA pseudogenes was identified. Moreover, numerous conserved flanking genes were characterised, however, their influence on the regulation of badA expression and modification remains to be explored. It seems that B. henselae G 5436 is the evolutionary ancestor of the other B. henselae strains analysed in this work. The diversity of the badA island among the B. henselae strains indicates that the downstream badA-like domain region might be used as a ‘toolbox’ for rearrangements in the badA gene. Overall, it is suggested that badA-domain duplications, insertions, and/or deletions are the result of active phase variation via site-specific recombination and contribute to rapid host adaptation in the scope of pathogenicity, immune evasion, and/or enhanced long-term colonisation.
The model strain B. henselae Marseille expresses a badA gene that includes 30 repetitive neck/stalk domains, each consisting of several predicted structural motifs. To further elucidate the motif sequences that mediate fibronectin binding, various modified badA constructs were generated. Their ability to bind fibronectin was assessed via whole-cell ELISA and fluorescence microscopy. In conclusion, it is suggested that BadA adheres to fibronectin in a cumulative fashion with quick saturation via unpaired β-strands appearing in structural motifs present in BadA neck/stalk domains 19, 27, and other homologous domains. Furthermore, antibodies targeting a 15-mer amino acid sequence in the DALL motif of BadA neck/stalk domain 27 were able to reduce fibronectin binding of the B. henselae mutant strain S27. Moreover, this DALL motif sequence is conserved in the genome of all analysed B. henselae strains. The identification of common binding motifs between BadA and fibronectin supports the development of new anti-adhesive compounds that might inhibit the initial adherence of B. henselae and other TAA-producing pathogens during infection.