Gesellschaftswissenschaften
Refine
Document Type
- Report (3)
- Review (3)
- Doctoral Thesis (2)
- Article (1)
- Book (1)
- diplomthesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (11)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (11)
Keywords
- Migration (11) (remove)
Moral refugee markets
(2018)
States are increasingly paying other states to host refugees. For example, in 2010 the EU paid Libya €50 million to continue hosting the refugees within its borders, and five years later Australia offered Cambodia $31.16 million to accept asylum seekers living in Naru. These exchanges, which I call ‘refugees markets,’ have faced criticism by philosophers. Some philosophers claim the markets fail to ensure true protection, and are demeaning, expressing just how much refugees are unwanted. In response, some have defended refugee markets, claiming they can ensure refugees have protection and are not demeaned. I argue that many markets do demean refugees, and therefore have moral costs, but can still be all-things-considered preferable to alternative schemes if they protect refugees more than these alternative schemes.
Der Christine Kulke gewidmete Sammelband gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene Diskussionen in der Genderforschung und konzentriert sich dabei auf die Bereiche Arbeit, Politik und demokratische Entwicklungen. Die häufig kursorischen Beiträge liefern Einsichten in so verschiedene aktuelle Themenfelder wie Partizipationsforschung, Gender Mainstreaming und Prekarisierung. Zeitgeschichtliche Erkenntnisse bieten Artikel über Bildungspolitik in der DDR und die Arbeitsverhältnisse von Dienstmädchen. Das Versprechen eines gemeinsamen Bezuges auf die Kritische Theorie und auf kritische Vernunft wird jedoch nicht eingelöst. Die Artikel eint lediglich ihre Herkunft aus der Genderforschung.
This thesis develops a conceptual framework for a better understanding of the impact of slow-onset climate and environmental changes on human migration in developing countries. Its regional focus is on the West African Sahel, where the majority of the population depends on agriculture and thus is highly vulnerable to environmental changes. Migration from fragile environments is predominantly considered one of several household strategies to adapt to and minimise the risk of environmental stress. Based on qualitative and quantitative data from two selected rural study areas, Bandiagara in Mali and Linguère in Senegal, this thesis analyses the drivers of migration from the two areas.
The findings illustrate that, even though people highly depend on the natural environment, migration motives are manifold and that migration often is not a household strategy to cope with environmental changes. Although environmental conditions shape migration in the region and the migrants’ support is crucial for most households, environmental stress plays a relatively small role as a driver of migration - at least in Mali, where it is considerably less important than in Senegal. On the contrary, migration is often driven by better opportunities elsewhere rather than by livelihood stressors in the home area. Particularly the migration of young people is often an individual rather than a household decision and influenced by individual aspirations, such as aspirations for consumer goods or a better future, rather than by environmental stress.
This thesis claims that research should consider people’s capabilities to migrate or to stay as well as their individual aspirations and preferences - in addition to the household’s needs and the opportunities elsewhere. This is important in order to explain why some people stay in and others migrate from an area affected by environmental stress, though living under similar conditions. Depending on people’s capabilities to choose freely between staying and migrating and their preferences and aspirations for one or the other activity, people can either be “voluntary migrants”, “voluntary non-migrants”, “forced migrants” or “trapped people”.
Moreover, it is important to consider social trends and transformation processes in the analysis of the linkages between environment change and migration. Higher education levels and aspirations to a “modern” lifestyle among young people, for instance, might decrease the impact of environmental factors on migration, despite worsening environmental conditions.
In many European countries poverty migration and its impact on the European continent are currently widely discussed topics. Many seem to forget about grave migration problems taking place in Asia, where in Hong Kong, for example, the working and living conditions for approximately 320,000 foreign domestic workers (mostly women) are often intolerable.
Schweden hat gewählt. Gravierender als der Regierungswechsel ist aber die Frage nach einem paradigmatischer Wandel in Skandinaviens politisch gewichtigstem Land: Welche Rolle soll der Staat spielen? Was kann dem Markt überlassen werden? Welche Rolle spielen die Rechtsradikalen? Im Zentrum der Diskussion: Bildungs- und Flüchtlingspolitik.