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In diesem Beitrag befasse ich mich mit ethischen Herausforderungen der Biografieforschung am Beispiel eigener Erfahrungen im Rahmen einer Studie im Feld der politischen Partizipation. Im ersten Teil diskutiere ich grundsätzliche ethische Fragen der Biografieforschung, die mit der Erhebung und Auswertung von biografisch-narrativen Interviews einhergehen. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrages werden exemplarisch forschungsethische Aspekte und Probleme skizziert, die im Verlauf der Feldforschung aufgetreten sind und die Prämissen einer rekonstruktiv vorgehenden Biografieforschung herausfordern. Dazu gehören die informierte Einwilligung als dialogischer Prozess sowie die Anonymisierung und Rückmeldung von biografischen Daten in einem hochsensiblen Feld. Abschließend gehe ich der Frage nach, welche Möglichkeiten und Grenzen das Format der Forschungswerkstatt für die Reflexion von ethischen Fragen in der Biografieforschung bietet.
The article presents an analysis of the development of labour market risks in Germany in light of changing working poverty risks. Low hourly wages and part-time employment are identified as the main demand-side-related mechanisms for household poverty. Their measurement and development are discussed as well as their contribution to trends in working poverty risks. A rise in low wages, especially among part-time employed households, was decisive for the increase in working poverty risks in Germany by 45% between the end of the 1990s and the end of the 2000s. We therefore study these trends more closely in the multivariate analysis. The results show that while low wages are unequally distributed across occupations and industries, shifts in employment between sectors explain only a minor part of the change in low wages. However, they reveal a polarization of low-wage risks by skill-level and sector of employment, on the one hand, and full-time and part-time employees, on the other hand.
The authors argue, in line with recent research, that operationalizing gender ideology as a unidimensional construct ranging from traditional to egalitarian is problematic and propose an alternative framework that takes the multidimensionality of gender ideologies into account. Using latent class analysis, they operationalize their gender ideology framework based on data from the 2008 European Values Study, of which eight European countries reflecting the spectrum of current work–family policies were selected. The authors examine the form in which gender ideologies cluster in the various countries. Five ideology profiles were identified: egalitarian, egalitarian essentialism, intensive parenting, moderate traditional, and traditional. The five ideology profiles were found in all countries, but with pronounced variation in size. Ideologies mixing gender essentialist and egalitarian views appear to have replaced traditional ideologies, even in countries offering some institutional support for gendered separate spheres.
Rule is commonly conceptualized with reference to the compliance it invokes. In this article, we propose a conception of rule via the practice of resistance instead. In contrast to liberal approaches, we stress the possibility of illegitimate rule, and, as opposed to critical approaches, the possibility of legitimate authority. In the international realm, forms of rule and the changes they undergo can thus be reconstructed in terms of the resistance they provoke. To this end, we distinguish between two types of resistance—opposition and dissidence—in order to demonstrate how resistance and rule imply each other. We draw on two case studies of resistance in and to international institutions to illustrate the relationship between rule and resistance and close with a discussion of the normative implications of such a conceptualization.
My study examined MMA training, and thereby the ‘back region’ of MMA, where the ‘everyday life’ of MMA takes place. I enquired into how MMA training corresponds with MMA’s self-description, namely the somehow self-contradicting notion that MMA fights would be dangerous combative goings-on of approximately real fighting, but that MMA fighters would be able to approach these incalculable and uncontrolla-ble combative dangers as calculable and controllable risks.235 Conducting an ethnog-raphy in which I focused on the combination of participation and observation, I stud-ied how the specific interaction organisations of the three core training practices of MMA training provide the training students with specific combative experiences and how they thereby construct the social reality that is MMA training....
"Post-truth" is a failed concept, both epistemically and politically because its simplification of the relationship between truth and politics cripples our understanding and encourages authoritarianism. This makes the diagnosis of our "post-truth era" as dangerous to democratic politics as relativism with its premature disregard for truth. In order to take the step beyond relativ- ism and "post-truth", we must conceptualise the relationship between truth and politics differently by starting from a "non-sovereign" understanding of truth.
Das Recht nimmt keine zentrale Stellung ein in diesem Band zu "Asian Perspectives on the Paris Peace Conference and the Interwar Order, 1919–33", dies sei gleich zu Beginn dieser Rezension in einer rechtshistorischen Fachzeitschrift angemerkt. Was dieser Band allerdings bietet, sind äußerst vielschichtige und differenzierende Perspektiven auf einen Gegenstand, der in der Rechtsgeschichte bislang nicht nur, aber vor allem auf seine Bedeutung im europäischen Kontext hin erforscht wurde. ...
Trennungen und Scheidungen auf einem hohen Niveau – auch unter Familien mit minderjährigen Kindern – kennzeichnen bereits seit längerer Zeit die Familienentwicklung in Deutschland und anderen europäischen Ländern. Sofern aus einer Beziehung gemeinsame Kinder hervorgegangen sind, impliziert eine Trennung zwar das Ende der Partnerschaft, jedoch nicht das Ende der Elternschaft. Sowohl auf gesellschaftlicher als auch auf individueller Ebene besteht, mit Ausnahme von Sondersituationen, mittlerweile die explizite Erwartung, dass Eltern nach einer Trennung in ökonomischer und sozialer Hinsicht weiterhin gemeinsam Verantwortung für ihre Kinder wahrnehmen. In der gesetzlichen Grundlage wird allerdings weiterhin davon ausgegangen, dass Kinder nach der Trennung bei nur einem Elternteil leben. Für andere Modelle existieren bisher keine oder nur unzureichende Regelungen. Die ökonomischen, sozialen und psychischen Folgen einer Trennung oder Scheidung können nach Geschlecht, sozialer Position und Alter variieren und damit soziale Ungleichheit hervorrufen oder verstärken. Neue Partnerschaften bzw. sogenannte Fortsetzungsfamilien beeinflussen das Leben der betroffenen Erwachsenen und Kinder zusätzlich. Bislang existieren über die Verbreitung und Lebensumstände von Nachtrennungsfamilien in Deutschland nur rudimentäre sozialwissenschaftliche Befunde. Die vorliegende Broschüre stellt einen ersten Versuch dar, bislang vorliegende sozialwissenschaftliche Befunde zur Lebenswirklichkeit von Nachtrennungsfamilien in Deutschland allgemeinverständlich in knapper Form zu bilanzieren. Folgende thematische Schwerpunkte werden behandelt: 1) Allgemeine Trends und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen, 2) Elternschaft und Partnerschaft nach Trennung und Scheidung, 3) Wohlbefinden und Lebenszufriedenheit nach Trennung und Scheidung sowie 4) Finanzielle Folgen von Trennung und Scheidung. Diese Aspekte werden aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven beleuchtet und zugrundeliegende empirische Analysen decken ein breites Spektrum der derzeit verfügbaren Datenquellen ab.