Erziehungswissenschaften
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Gerontology has a longstanding tradition of researching the relationship between older adults and their socio-spatial environments. However, environmental gerontology often shares a positivistic understanding of space as either a “prosthetic” or a stressor and consequently searches for the “best fit” between a person and their environment. In this article, we argue for a stronger theoretical corpus on social and territorial exclusion in later life by exploring concepts from urban and environmental sociology, as well as examining the usefulness of these concepts for gerontological thinking. In doing so, we discuss trans-European research traditions beyond the hegemonic body of Anglo-Saxon literature. In conclusion, we discuss how gerontology and sociology might exchange ideas in order to build a stronger theoretical background on the relations between age, space and exclusion.
Digital technologies have gained vast relevance in postmodern societies and digital infrastructures are substantially integrated into the everyday lives of older people. This digitization is reframing the norms and practices of later life as well as the social construct of age itself. Despite the increasing amount of studies in the field of aging and technologies, it still lacks theorizing. This paper addresses this deficit, suggesting that the study of aging and technologies could profit from a comprehensive integration of theories from the sociology of aging, critical gerontology, and science-and-technology studies. We aim to make a theoretical contribution to this issue, asking: how is age being done in a digitized world? Applying a praxeological approach to aging and technologies, we firstly examine how theoretical and empirical work has constructed aging with technologies so far and identify its shortcomings. Some of this work so far lacks a proper consideration of social inequalities within these processes, whereas other studies lack a thorough consideration of materialities. Secondly, in an attempt to equally "praxeologize" and "materialize" the study of aging and technologies we develop a theoretical model that aims to overcome these shortcomings. In what we frame as a material praxeology of aging with technology, we are concerned with how age is being done through discursive formations, set into practice through social and material practices and involved in the (re)production of social inequalities. Enriching a Bordieuan terminology of social fields with notions of non-human agency, this praxeology is founded on three assumptions: (1) Social fields constitute the contexts in which age as a social phenomenon is being done with and through technologies (2) Human and non-human agents are equally involved in this process (3) The actions of the involved agents emerge from an agency distributed among them, and are structured through the power relations between them. Thirdly, we exemplify the application of this model by reference to a research project in the field of Active and Assistive Living.
Aus erziehungswissenschaftlicher Perspektive lässt sich das Thema Beratung unter vielfältigen Gesichtspunkten erforschen. So können bspw. die gesellschaftlichen und organisationalen Kontexte von Beratung (Schiersmann 2013: 31–32) oder diverse Handlungsfelder, wie sie exemplarisch von Gieseke und Nittel (2016) gesammelt wurden, untersucht werden. Darüber hinaus besteht die Möglichkeit, die spezifischen Interaktionsmodalitäten in Beratungssituationen (Maier-Gutheil 2009: 125–170), die dabei eingesetzten Praktiken und Medien (Seel 2014: 57–130) oder die Anforderungen für Berater*innen im Kontext ihres professionellen Handelns (Gröning 2011: 107–126) näher zu betrachten. Zudem lassen sich auch die Beratenen selbst in den Fokus des erziehungswissenschaftlichen Interesses rücken und dabei bspw. erforschen, inwiefern ihre Wunsch- und Zielvorstellungen im Beratungsprozess berücksichtigt werden (Gieseke & Stimm 2016: 183–232). ...
Die vorliegende reflektierende wissenschaftliche Arbeit untersucht und vergleicht die Wahrnehmung von Studierenden aus unterschiedlichen Kulturkreisen betreffend ihre Studienbedingungen. Die Studierenden kommen aus dem Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaften und studieren an zwei Universitäten in Deutschland und Bangladesch. Ziel der empirischen Untersuchung ist es, von den Studierenden angefertigte Fotografien zu analysieren und die Wahrnehmungen der Studierenden über die jeweiligen Studienbedingungen im Zuge qualitativer Interviews zu vergleichen. Um möglichst realitätsnahe empirische Ergebnisse zu erzielen, war mein persönlicher Aufenthalt vor Ort an beiden Universitäten notwendig. In meinem zweimonatigen Forschungsaufenthalt wurde mit Hilfe der Methodik der Reflexiven Fotografie ein qualitativmethodischer Zugang zu den persönlichen Lebenswelten der Studierenden ermöglicht. Im Ergebnis wurde deutlich, dass die Studierenden aus Bangladesch eine deutlich positivere Wahrnehmung vorwiesen als jene aus Deutschland.
The behavioral sciences, including most of psychology, seek to explain and predict behavior with the help of theories and models that involve concepts (e.g., attitudes) that are subsequently translated into measures. Currently, some subdisciplines such as social psychology focus almost exclusively on measures that demand reflection or even introspection when administered to persons. We argue that such a focus hinders progress in explaining behavior. One major reason is that such an exclusive focus on reflections results in common method bias, which then produces spurious relations, or in other words, low discriminant validity. Without the valid measurement of theoretical concepts, theoretical assumptions cannot be tested, and hence, theory development will be hampered. We argue that the use of a greater variety of methods would reduce these problems and would in turn foster theory building. Using a representative sample of N = 472 participants (age: M = 51.0, SD = 17.7; 54% female), we compared the validity of a classical introspective attitude measure (i.e., the New Ecological Paradigm) with that of an alternative attitude measure (i.e., the General Ecological Behavior scale). The latter measure, which was based on self-reported behavior, showed substantially better validity that we argue could aid theory development.