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[Rezension zu: Lewe, Christiane; Othold, Tim und Nicolas Oxen (Hg.): Müll. Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf das Übrig-Gebliebene. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2016.]”.
Der von Christiane Lewe, Tim Othold und Nicolas Oxen herausgegebene Band Müll. Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf das Übrig-Gebliebene eröffnet in Schlaglichtern Zugänge zu ‚übrig-gebliebener‘ Materialität in kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Ausgehend von der Annahme, bei nicht mehr gebrauchten Dingen handele es sich um das Ergebnis sozio-kultureller Zuschreibungsprozesse, interessieren sich die Beiträge für so unterschiedliche Phänomene wie die Inszenierung von Müll im Fernsehen, Gender und Schmutz, Gebäuderecycling, Self-Storage oder künstlerische Auseinandersetzungen mit Müll. Als gemeinsamer Schnittpunkt der Fallstudien stellt sich dabei das Vorhaben heraus, den als konventionell unterstellten Abwertungen des Übrig-Gebliebenen entgegenzuarbeiten. Eine literaturwissenschaftliche Perspektive fehlt hingegen.
The question of 'Fantastic motion' is whether films in the 1910s and 1920s should be viewed as merely the forerunners of patriarchal cinema, which some colleagues believe, or whether they offered - and still offer - alternatives to a female audience. The author makes a case for the latter possibility and searches for explanations for the enjoyable and liberating sensations they, as women, experienced while becoming acquainted with early film. Using a historical and contextual approach, Schlüpmann investigates genres including non-fiction, comedy and romantic drama from the early 1910s, and describes how the significance of notions such as the beauty of nature, the culture of humour and love could have been adopted into the perception of women filmgoers at the time.
El objetivo de este artículo es el de mostrar el posible papel de los escritos de Nietzsche en la teoría del cine. La filosofía de Nietzsche se presenta en el contexto de la biografía de la autora, como una experiencia personal que, junto con el feminismo, influye en su vida y en su pensamiento. En el artículo se exponen la relación entre la obra de Nietzsche y el nacimiento del cine y la utilidad de estas obras para una teoría contemporánea del cine en el contexto de la sociedad actual.
Theoretical accounts agree that German restrictive relative clauses (RCs) are integrated at the level of syntax as well as at the level of prosody (; , ; ; ; ) in both the default verb-final and the marked verb-second variant (referred to as iV2). Both variants are assumed to show the same prosodic pattern, i. e., prosodic integration into the main clause, and not unintegrated prosody, which would signal a sequence of two main clauses. To date strong empirical evidence for this close correspondence between prosody and syntax in RCs is missing. Findings regarding prosodic integration of verb-final RCs are not consistent, and research regarding the prosody of iV2 structures is very scarce. Using a delayed sentence-repetition task, our study investigated whether subordination is signaled by prosody in RCs in both the verb-final and the V2 variant in adults (n = 21). In addition, we asked whether young language learners (n = 23), who at the age of 3 have just started to produce embedded clauses, are already sensitive to this mapping. The adult responses showed significantly more patterns of prosodic integration than of prosodic non-integration in the V-final and the iV2 structures, with no difference between the two conditions. Notably, the child responses mirrored this adult behavior, showing significantly more patterns of prosodic integration than of prosodic non-integration in both V-final and iV2 structures. The findings regarding adults’ prosodic realizations provide novel empirical evidence for the claim that iV2 structures, just like verb-final RCs, show prosodic integration. Moreover, our study strongly suggests that subordination is signaled by prosody already by age 3 in both verb-final and V2 variants of RCs.
Three experiments investigated the interpretation and production of pronouns in German. The first two experiments probed the preferred interpretation of a pronoun in contexts containing two potential antecedents by having participants complete a sentence fragment starting either with a personal pronoun or a d-pronoun. We systematically varied three properties of the potential antecedents: syntactic function, linear position, and topicality. The results confirm a subject preference for personal pronouns. The preferred interpretation of d-pronouns cannot be captured by any of the three factors alone. Although a d-pronoun preferentially refers to the non-topic in many cases, this preference can be overridden by the other two factors, linear position and syntactic function. In order to test whether interpretive preferences follow from production biases as proposed by the Bayesian theory of Kehler et al. (2008), a third experiment had participants freely produce a continuation sentence for the contexts of the first two experiments. The results show that personal pronouns are used more often to refer to a subject than to an object, recapitulating the subject preference found for interpretation and thereby confirming the account of Kehler et al. (2008). The interpretation results for the d-pronoun likewise follow from the corresponding production data.
Multilingual research could offer a unique perspective on how the languages already acquired by a person affect the online processing of a new language. But it is currently difficult to assess this issue because theoretical accounts of multilingualism have focused on acquisition rather than processing and most empirical research to date has gathered untimed (offline) evidence. To help bridge this gap, we formulate hypotheses that can help derive processing predictions from existing accounts of multilingualism. But crucially, and based on previous findings in second language processing, we identify ways in which assumptions about crosslinguistic influence may need to be revised to allow the separate treatment of lexical and syntactic processing, and to consider the role of variables such as language dominance and proficiency. In our view, the question of what's special about multilingualism is worth studying, but more research is needed before we can begin answering it.
We aim to understand whether Greek and Italian, two null subject languages, differ in the use and interpretation of null subjects, based on evidence from both a production and a comprehension experiment. The results of the two experiments show that the two languages differ in the extent to which they comply with the Position of Antecedent Strategy as formulated by Carminati (2002). In order to account for this difference, we introduce a principle which defines prominence of sentence constituents in terms of hierarchical height, elaborating on a recent proposal by Rizzi (2018). Then we show that the prominence of subject and object constituents in Greek and Italian reflects word-order differences between the two languages (Roussou & Tsimpli 2006). In more general terms, this paper argues in favour of a multi-factorial approach to reference interpretation, in that syntactic factors interact with discourse factors, leading to a gradient variety of reference possibilities.
Corrigendum zu: Memory studies 13.2020, issue: 5, S. 861-874, doi:10.1177/1750698020943014, ISSN 1750-6999
This afterword addresses the complex temporal and global dynamics of the coronavirus pandemic. After considering some of the new social rhythms that have emerged in the wake of Covid-19 around the world, it turns to the role of collective memory before, during and after corona. The aim is to provide a basic grid for how the Covid-19 pandemic could be addressed using memory studies expertise and concepts such as premediation, memorability, memory (ab)use, national memory, colonial memory, racial stereotypes, the digital archive, generational memory, or Anthropocene time.
Les données de l’effet d’affaiblissement de l’obviation (ou encore référence disjointe du subjonctif) dans la littérature linguistique sont soit fondées sur l’intuition des auteurs soit issues de publications d’autres chercheurs, bien que cet effet soit connu depuis longtemps et bien qu’il fasse partie de plusieurs modélisations théoriques. En conséquence, aucune réponse de nature empirique/expérimentale a été offerte à la question « A quel point les affirmations portant sur l'effet d'affaiblissement de l'obviation sont-elles solides ? ». Cet article se fixe en conséquence un double objectif : (i) mettre en oeuvre un jugement de grammaticalité afin de répondre expérimentalement à la question précédente, et (ii) proposer une analyse syntaxique provisoire des résultats obtenus. Ici, nous étudions six facteurs qui – selon Ruwet (1984/1991) – déclenchent l’affaiblissement. Les résultats montrent que seul un facteur (la coordination) déclenche l’affaiblissement. En conséquence, l’appareil théorique permettant de modéliser l’affaiblissement peut être réduit radicalement, et nous proposons des pistes de modélisation syntaxique n’intégrant que le facteur de coordination
Wer waren die Literaturwissenschaftler, die bei der Gründung 1914 an die Universität Frankfurt am Main berufen wurden, die das akademische Leben der Stadt Frankfurt in der Weimarer Republik mitprägten, die nach 1933 in Frankfurt weiterhin Literaturwissenschaft betrieben oder die vertrieben wurden? Ein zweisemestriges interdisziplinäres Lehrforschungsseminar am Fachbereich 10 (Neuere Philologien) hat anlässlich des Jubiläums zum 100-jährigen Bestehen der Universität im Jahr 2014 Antworten auf diese Fragen gesucht. Das Ergebnis ist eine virtuelle Ausstellung mit 20 Porträts (Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 2017). Diese Ausstellung war jedoch nur ein Teil einer Reihe von Veranstaltungen, die sich im Jubiläumsjahr der Frankfurter Universität mit den Literaturwissenschaften in Frankfurt befassten.
Les trois auteurs et voyageurs étudiés dans cet article (Albert Londres, André Gide, Michel Leiris) ont prêté leurs voix à l’anticolonialisme. Ils ont critiqué les effets du colonialisme européen en Afrique noire de la fin des années 1920 au début des années 1930. Toutefois, pour des raisons diverses allant d’aspects institutionnels aux sensibilités personnelles, leur engagement ne paraissait pas tout à fait le bienvenu, d’où leur hésitation à placer la parole politique au premier plan et à assumer le rôle d’intellectuel engagé. Ils ont alors justifié leur démarche par l’expérience personnelle et singulière du voyage et par l’urgence du sujet de leurs récits. Les formes littéraires qui en résultent (grand reportage, journal intime de voyage, journal ethnographique) ont profondément modernisé le genre du récit de voyage dans un moment critique de son évolution.
Memoirs by women (from the Global North) who have employed a gestational host (from the Global South) to become mothers are situated in a force field of intersecting discourses about gender, race and class. The article sheds light on the characteristic dynamics of this special sub-genre of ‘mommy lit’ (Hewett), labelled ‘IP memoirs,’ with a special emphasis on memoirs featuring transnational cross-racial gestational surrogacy arrangements in India. These texts do not only present narratives of painful infertility experiences, autopathographic self-blame, and scriptotherapeutic quests towards happiness, i.e. (a) child(ren), but also speak back to knotty issues such as potential exploitation, commodification, colonisation and disenfranchisement, as well as genetic essentialism in the context of systemic inequities.
This article investigates the L1 acquisition of different types of direct objects in European Portuguese (EP). Previous research has revealed that although children have early syntactic and pragmatic knowledge of objects across languages, the adequate use of pronouns and null objects is protracted in the acquisition of EP (Costa et al. 2012). The present study shows that children acquiring the distribution of direct objects are aware of universal pragmatic hierarchies but struggle with the interpretation and feature bundles of null objects. Assuming that arguments are linked to left-peripheral C/edge linkers (Sigurðsson 2011), we argue that children need more time to discover the adult-like feature composition of null objects in EP because they involve phi-silent features. Relative accessibility (Ariel 1991) is universal and available early, whereas the absolute accessibility of null objects, i.e. their feature content, is acquired relatively late.
Wozu VB?
(2017)
Die eifrigste Bestrebung der Kinder besteht darin, so hat es zumindest Sigmund Freud einmal behauptet, "zu erfahren, was die Eltern miteinander tun, woraus dann die Kinder werden." Was treibt die Kinder in die Welt? Haben die Kinder Juristen als Eltern, dann dürften sie bald eher nach den Gründen als nach dem Treiben fragen.
Die gleichgeschlechtliche Ehe wurde vom Gesetzgeber endlich anerkannt, auch das Verfassungsgericht wird dagegen nichts mehr unternehmen können, das hoffe ich zumindest. Wer seine Zeichen und Gesetze dennoch exklusiv halten will, sollte darum darüber nachdenken, auf Alternativbegriffe zur Ehe umzusteigen.
Die Verkleidung des Richters und die Verkleidung der Muslima sind ähnlich, weil sie beide aus einer Abschirmung rühren, die auf gleiche Weise dogmatisch besetzt ist. Auch wenn, zumindest in der deutschen Übersetzung des Koran, mit der Bedeckung der Haare die Keuschheit, Sittsamkeit oder Schamhaftigkeit der Frau und mit der Verkleidung des Richters seine Neutralität symbolisiert oder umgesetzt werden soll, gibt es doch eine Entsprechung, und die liegt in der Abschirmung. Wenn man hijab mit Absperrung oder Verhüllung übersetzt, wie das einige vorschlagen, dann tragen Richter auch einen hijab.
Professionalization of service-learning in higher education – an academic development approach
(2018)
In an attempt to professionalize service-learning in higher education, teachers and their teaching skills are considered a determining factor and require particular attention. To promote the teaching skills necessary for service-learning courses, an academic development approach addressing these specific requirements has been implemented at Goethe University Frankfurt as part of the academic development program for teaching staff. This article presents the particularities of this approach and illustrates one of its central elements, i.e., the concept of a workshop on planning service-learning courses. Both practical and research implications are discussed.
Wenn Rechtstexte auf literarische Texte treffen, dann treffen Wahrheitsformen aufeinander. Es treffen unterschiedliche Weisen, Wahrheit zu produzieren, aufeinander. Zu den zahlreichen Unterschieden gehören, historisch bedingt, unterschiedliche Stile, die sich um die Objektivierung und "Subjektivierung" der Aussagen bilden. Das fängt bei den banalen "wir" und "man" rechtswissenschaftlicher Texte an, geht über allgemein gehaltene, enthistorisierende und systematisierende Definitionen bis zu einem Fussnotenapparat, der in manchen Rechtstexten beinahe jede Aussage als nachweisbare Aussage absichern soll. Die Rechtswissenschaft, zumal die deutsche, pflegt bei ihren Wahrheitsformen objektivierende Stile, die Literaturwissenschaft tut das nicht, nicht in dem Maße, sie lässt das Subjekt stärker in die Aussage einbrechen. Die Lage zwischen diesen beiden Disziplinen ist allerdings kompliziert, weil wiederum das Recht eine wirksame Subjektivierungsinstanz ist, die eben die Instrumente zur Verfügung stellt, um Aussagen an Subjekte zu binden. Sie hat die Unterschrift und den Urheber erfunden. In dieser Lage kann man also nicht einfach das Subjektive gegen das Objektive ausspielen. Von Anfang aber über das Zusammentreffen von Literatur und Recht in objektivierenden Stilen zu schreiben, schafft eine asymmetrische Ausgangslage, die ich gerne zugunsten einer symmetrischen Ausgangslage umgehen möchte – soweit das möglich ist. ...
Mir fällt in dieser Woche, in der nicht nur im Netz darüber diskutiert wurde, was eigentlich gefährlich sei, Menschen in Schlauchbooten oder die Lifeline, und in der darüber diskutiert wurde, ob man nicht lieber ein paar absaufen lässt, damit die anderen gewarnt seien, nicht viel mehr ein, als in die Gründe und Abgründe Europas zu schauen.
This article serves as both an état présent of emerging scholarship in the interdisiplinary field of Memory Studies and a conference report following the first MSA Forward interactive workshop which preceded the second annual conference of the Memory Studies Association (MSA) in December 2017. MSA Forward is the postgraduate arm of the Memory Studies Association and offers a platform for exchanging ideas amongst a cohort of emerging scholars engaging with recent developments in Memory Studies and interacting with key academics in the field. The idea of engagement, with its political undertone, draws attention to the political valence and ethical sensitivity of emerging research as evidenced in this article, which contends that if Memory Studies is to be moving forwards as well as looking back, then it is important for emerging scholars as well as established academics to be at the forefront of the field.
Cellular mobile networks, in which devices constantly relay their location and their movements, are formed by the motion of end devices in relation to the position of radio towers. As a matter of principle, it is this motion that allows the location of devices to be identified within the network. The article argues that the emergence of mobile media based on cellular triangulation has introduced an ontology in which, by technical necessity, the position of every object is constantly registered and objects that do not have an address do not exist. The location and movement of all participants are, at all times, a known technical variable. With Xeros PARC’s “ubiquitous computing” as a reference case, the article scrutinizes how movement triggers the process that registers the locations of mobile phones or smartphones, a development it situates against the cybernetic imagination of determining the location and the movement of an object at the same time.
This article traces the representation of love, gender and national identity in Shani Mootoo’s creative work in general and her most recent novel Valmiki’s Daughter (2008) in particular. In all her work, Mootoo describes the phenomenon of otherness as a part of the negotiating process of the protagonists' selves.Challenging xenophobia, homophobia and all forms of prejudices the author works with the concept of lesbian and bisexual love, cross-racial relationships in order to write identity and to create a home.
The work of the artist and writer Gerald Nestler explores finance and its social implications since the mid-1990s. Based on his professional experience as a trader as well as on post-disciplinary research, he has developed a unique approach that brings together theory and conversation with installation, video, performance, text, and other art forms. Probing into the narrative structures of contemporary capitalism, Nestler offers a techno-political critique directly from the core of the financial markets. This interview addresses his reading of the derivative as a world-producing apparatus that shapes the experience of the present by preconfiguring the future, and that provokes a shift from representational to performative speech in the actualization of biopower based on the exploitation of volatility and leverage. In conversation with Christian Kloeckner and Stefanie Mueller, he argues for the formation of specific human/non-human alliances that directly attack algorithmic as well as socio- economic black-boxing (schemes that monopolize inherently non-scarce resources), so as to open our imagination to skills and tactics that would allow us to navigate the rich but volatile flows of social, political, and economic abundance.
This special issue explores how finance deploys time, structures the future, and interacts with actors and institutions that sometimes function according to very different temporal regimes. Finance capitalism’s logic of recurrence, repetitive cycles, and successive ruptures has long been with us, but the essays in this special issue are particularly interested in how recent decades of intensified financialization have restructured temporal experience. They interrogate the production and dissemination of agency in an age of acceleration, risk, and uncertainty, asking how the temporality inscribed in financial transactions emerges from and simultaneously shapes individual and social practice. Topics covered range from the logic of finance and foundational concepts of financial theory to the intersection between objective structures and social practice, the role of literature, and finally questions of social insecurity, political action, and the possibility of resistance within a context of competing temporalities. In this introduction, the editors delineate some fundamental concepts and questions for our financial times.
This article develops a reading of Don DeLillo’s novel Cosmopolis that differentiates between two thematic and poetological axes running through the text. On the one hand, Cosmopolis explores the future-fixation of the risk regime of finance capitalism; on the other, it stages scenes of insecurity that physically threaten the protagonist and his world. Insecurity, the article argues, is a condition that throughout the text increasingly gains in appeal because it promises to offer an alternative to a world of managed risk. The concern with security emphasizes finitude and mortality, thus enabling a turn to existential matters that the virtual abstractions of finance have seemingly made inaccessible. While proposing an opposition between a logic of risk based on virtuality and a logic of (in)security based on authenticity, DeLillo’s novel also suggests that it is impossible to break out of the logic of risk management pervading late modernity. The appeal of (in)security articulated in Cosmopolis rather lies in the promise to existentially revitalize life within the confines of financialized capitalism.
A growing body of experimental syntactic research has revealed substantial variation in the magnitude of island effects, not only across languages but also across different grammatical constructions. Adopting a well-established experimental design, the present study examines island effects in Spanish using a speeded acceptability judgment task. To quantify variation across grammatical constructions, we tested extraction from four different types of structure (subjects, complex noun phrases, adjuncts and interrogative clauses). The results of Bayesian mixed effects modelling showed that the size of island effects varied between constructions, such that there was clear evidence of subject, adjunct and interrogative island effects, but not of complex noun phrase island effects. We also failed to find evidence that island effects were modulated by participants’ working memory capacity as measured by an operation span task. To account for our results, we suggest that variability in island effects across constructions may be due to the interaction of syntactic, semantic-pragmatic and processing factors, which may affect island types differentially due to their idiosyncratic properties.