Medizin
Refine
Year of publication
- 2018 (439) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (439) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (439)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (439)
Keywords
- breast cancer (15)
- Mammakarzinom (10)
- Behandlung (8)
- inflammation (7)
- CDK4/6 (6)
- Metastasen (6)
- Neuroscience (6)
- PD1/PDL1 (6)
- Studien (6)
- treatment (6)
- Blood (5)
- Research article (5)
- cancer (5)
- metastases (5)
- Biomarker (4)
- Cirrhosis (4)
- Depression (4)
- Germany (4)
- Hemorrhage (4)
- Inflammation (4)
- Prävention (4)
- Risiko (4)
- Schizophrenia (4)
- diagnosis (4)
- mutual information (4)
- pain (4)
- prevention (4)
- reactive oxygen species (4)
- risk (4)
- trials (4)
- Biomarkers (3)
- Breast cancer (3)
- Cancer (3)
- Cell staining (3)
- EEG microstates (3)
- Flow cytometry (3)
- HIV (3)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (3)
- Liver diseases (3)
- Mental health and psychiatry (3)
- Morbidity (3)
- Neonates (3)
- Obesity (3)
- Prognosis (3)
- Stem cells (3)
- aging (3)
- autophagy (3)
- chemotherapy (3)
- entropy (3)
- glioblastoma (3)
- information theory (3)
- macrophage (3)
- metastasis (3)
- mitochondria (3)
- regeneration (3)
- sphingolipids (3)
- Alcohol consumption (2)
- Antiretroviral therapy (2)
- Atherosclerosis (2)
- Atrial fibrillation (2)
- Autism (2)
- Autism spectrum disorder (2)
- Autophagy (2)
- BRAF (2)
- Blood pressure (2)
- Brain metastasis (2)
- Brustkrebs (2)
- COPD (2)
- CTGF (2)
- Cardiac magnetic resonance (2)
- Cardiovascular diseases (2)
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (2)
- Cell therapy (2)
- Citation analysis (2)
- Complications (2)
- Consensus (2)
- Crystal structure (2)
- Cytoskeleton (2)
- Death rates (2)
- Deutschland (2)
- Diabetes (2)
- Diagnose (2)
- Diagnostic markers (2)
- Diagnostic medicine (2)
- Diagnostik (2)
- Emotions (2)
- Etiology (2)
- Evaluation (2)
- Everolimus (2)
- Exercise (2)
- Eyes (2)
- Face (2)
- Fistula (2)
- Früherkennung (2)
- Galaktografie (2)
- Galaktomosynthese (2)
- General practice (2)
- Genome-wide association studies (2)
- Guidelines (2)
- HCC (2)
- Hematology (2)
- Immunology (2)
- Kidney transplantation (2)
- Knees (2)
- Liver fibrosis (2)
- Lokalrezidiv (2)
- Long non-coding RNAs (2)
- MRI (2)
- MRT (2)
- Mamma (2)
- Markovianity (2)
- Medical education (2)
- MicroRNAs (2)
- Mixed methods (2)
- Morphometry (2)
- Mortality (2)
- Multimorbidity (2)
- Multiple chronic conditions (2)
- Musculoskeletal system (2)
- Nachsorge (2)
- Nerve fibers (2)
- Next-generation sequencing (2)
- Non-small cell lung cancer (2)
- Oncology (2)
- Operation/Chirurgie (2)
- PCR (2)
- PD1/ PDL1 (2)
- Palliative care [MeSH] (2)
- Patients (2)
- Percutaneous coronary intervention (2)
- Periodontitis (2)
- Polypharmacy (2)
- Primary care (2)
- Prognosefaktoren (2)
- Prostate cancer (2)
- Prädiktivfaktoren (2)
- Pulmonary hypertension (2)
- Reaction time (2)
- Richtlinie (2)
- Scientists (2)
- Sepsis (2)
- Stroke (2)
- Surgical and invasive medical procedures (2)
- Surgical oncology (2)
- Survival (2)
- Sweden (2)
- Teeth (2)
- Tomosynthese (2)
- Trauma (2)
- Ultraschall (2)
- Validation (2)
- Viral load (2)
- Vitamin D (2)
- Vitamin D deficiency (2)
- acute kidney injury (2)
- angiogenesis (2)
- antioxidants (2)
- ataxia telangiectasia (2)
- atherosclerosis (2)
- attention (2)
- bioinformatics (2)
- breast (2)
- cardiac surgery (2)
- catheter ablation (2)
- ceramides (2)
- child (2)
- chronic kidney disease (2)
- connectivity (2)
- cytokines (2)
- data science (2)
- development (2)
- endothelial cells (2)
- epilepsy (2)
- follow‑up (2)
- forensic entomology (2)
- galactography (2)
- galactomosynthesis (2)
- guideline (2)
- hedgehog signaling (2)
- hepatitis C virus (2)
- human (2)
- hyperglycemia (2)
- hypoxia (2)
- imaging (2)
- immunotherapy (2)
- innate immunity (2)
- interleukin-4 (2)
- liver injury (2)
- local recurrence (2)
- lyme disease (2)
- matrix (2)
- medical students (2)
- mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (2)
- metabolism (2)
- miRNA (2)
- microRNA (2)
- minimalinvasive Biopsie (2)
- minimally invasive biopsies (2)
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2)
- neoadjuvante Chemotherapie (2)
- next generation sequencing (NGS) (2)
- obesity (2)
- paclitaxel (2)
- predictive factors (2)
- pregnancy (2)
- primary immunodeficiency (2)
- prognostic factors (2)
- psoriasis (2)
- radiation (2)
- rapamycin (2)
- reproducibility (2)
- resistance (2)
- safety (2)
- schizophrenia (2)
- screening (2)
- seizure (2)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate (2)
- spreadsheet (2)
- stationarity (2)
- studies (2)
- surgery (2)
- tobacco prevention (2)
- tomosynthesis (2)
- treatment/therapy (2)
- ultrasound (2)
- vector (2)
- vemurafenib (2)
- workflow (2)
- (surface) partial differential equations (1)
- 1,2-dichloroethane (1)
- 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1)
- 16p11.2 (1)
- 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) (1)
- 3D spatio-temporal resolved mathematical models (1)
- 4-FA (1)
- A375 human melanoma cells (1)
- A549 (1)
- ACE-inhibitor (1)
- ACURATE neo (1)
- ADHD (1)
- AIDS (1)
- AKI (1)
- ALK gene (1)
- ALK-rearranged NSCLC (1)
- ARA (1)
- ASO (1)
- ATP-citrate lyase (1)
- Abatacept (1)
- Acoustics (1)
- Activities of daily living (1)
- Acute bronchitis (1)
- Acute cough (1)
- Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (1)
- Acute myeloid leukemia (1)
- Adenylyl cyclase (1)
- Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- Adults (1)
- Aedes aegypti (1)
- Aedes albopictus (1)
- Age (1)
- Age groups (1)
- Aggressive periodontitis (1)
- Akaike information criterion (AIC) (1)
- Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons (1)
- Alleles (1)
- Allergic asthma (1)
- Allgemeinmedizin (1)
- Alveolar ridge augmentation (1)
- Ambroxol (1)
- Anatomie (1)
- Anatomie und Histologie (1)
- Andexanet alpha (1)
- Angioedema (1)
- Angiogenesis (1)
- Angioplasty (1)
- Animal wings (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody-mediated rejection (1)
- Anticoagulant therapy (1)
- Antiretrovirals (1)
- Antirheumatic agents (1)
- Antithrombotic therapy (1)
- Antiviral agents (1)
- Antiviral therapy (1)
- Apixaban (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Aquaporins (1)
- Arms (1)
- Ascites (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Asphyxia (1)
- Atrial appendage occlusion (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (1)
- Attitude (1)
- Aurora A (1)
- Austria (1)
- Auto transfusion (1)
- Autoimmunity (1)
- Autopsy (1)
- Axons (1)
- Azathioprine (1)
- B cell subpopulations (1)
- B cells (1)
- B-cell immunology (1)
- B-cell lymphoma (1)
- BATF3 (1)
- BCR signaling (1)
- BIAM-switch (1)
- BMC (1)
- BPD (1)
- BRCA1 (1)
- BRCA2 (1)
- BTK (1)
- Babesia divergens (1)
- Babesia microti (1)
- Bacterial meningitis (1)
- Bacterial pathogens (1)
- Bayesian inference (1)
- Behavioral analysis (1)
- Benefit (1)
- Best practice (1)
- Bibliometrics (1)
- Bidirectional genes (1)
- Big Data (1)
- Big data (1)
- Big five (1)
- Biofluids (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biological (1)
- Biological invasion (1)
- Biomechanical analysis (1)
- Biophysical models (1)
- Biopsy (1)
- Biosynthetic mesh (1)
- Bipolar disorder (1)
- Birth weight (1)
- Blended learning curriculum · (1)
- Blended-Learning-Curriculum (1)
- Blood cells (1)
- Blood groups (1)
- Blood-brain barrier (1)
- Bloodstream infections (1)
- Blurred vision (1)
- Bone defect (1)
- Bone marrow cells (1)
- Bone marrow fibrosis (1)
- Bone marrow mononuclear cells (1)
- Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- Bone tissue engineering (1)
- Borrelia (1)
- Borrelia burgdorferi (1)
- Borrelia miyamotoi (1)
- Bradykinin (1)
- Brain anatomy (1)
- Brain damage (1)
- Brain ischemia (1)
- Breast tumors (1)
- Bright light therapy (1)
- Bronchial inflammation (1)
- Bronchitis severity scale (1)
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1)
- Burden of disease (1)
- Bypass liner (1)
- C-reactive protein (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- C1 inhibitor (1)
- C1-inhibitor (1)
- C5 acylcarnitine (1)
- CCL2 (1)
- CCN2 (1)
- CD3/19 depletion (1)
- CD34 selection (1)
- CD36 (1)
- CD74 (1)
- CDK4/6 inhibitor (1)
- CHRNA10 (1)
- CHRNA7 (1)
- CHRNA9 (1)
- CNS (1)
- CO2-induced forced ventilation (1)
- COI (1)
- COII (1)
- COMT (1)
- COPD course and therapy (1)
- CRE-luciferase (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CRM1 (1)
- CTX (1)
- Ca2+ imaging (1)
- Caffeine (1)
- Calcium signalling (1)
- Calnexin (1)
- Cancer detection and diagnosis (1)
- Cancer epidemiology (1)
- Cancer treatment (1)
- Carbon tetrachloride (1)
- Cardiac Fibrosis (1)
- Cardiac surgery (1)
- Cardiac surgery patients (1)
- Cardiomyopathy (1)
- Cardiovascular biology (1)
- Cardiovascular disease (1)
- Cardiovascular genetics (1)
- Cell binding (1)
- Cell cultures (1)
- Cell distribution (1)
- Cell membranes (1)
- Cell salvage (1)
- Cell signalling (1)
- Cementation (1)
- Ceramic (1)
- Cerclage (1)
- Cerebral ischemia (1)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (1)
- Certification (1)
- Cesarean section (1)
- Chaperone (1)
- Chemical biology (1)
- Chemical ecology (1)
- Chemobrain (1)
- Chemoembolization (1)
- Chest pain unit (1)
- Chikungunya virus (1)
- Child (1)
- Children (1)
- Chloroform (1)
- Chondrocytes (1)
- Chromatin accessibility (1)
- Chromatin and Epigenetics (1)
- Chronic heart failure (1)
- Chronic periodontiti (1)
- Chronification (1)
- Circadian rhythms and sleep (1)
- Cleanliness level (1)
- Clinical frailty scale (1)
- Clinical genetics (1)
- Clinical outcome (1)
- Clinical psychometry (1)
- Clinical study (1)
- Clinical trials (1)
- Closure (1)
- Co-culture (1)
- Co-morbidity (1)
- Cocaine (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cognitive neuroscience (1)
- Colon cancer (1)
- Colon capsule endoscopy (1)
- Comparative effectiveness research (1)
- Complement system (1)
- Complementation rate (1)
- Complete heart block (1)
- Complex I (1)
- Complex II (1)
- Complex hernia (1)
- Complex networks (1)
- Complication management (1)
- Connective tissue (1)
- Consortia (1)
- Conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (1)
- Coronary artery disease (1)
- Coronary intervention (1)
- Credentialing (1)
- Critical bleeding (1)
- Crohn’s disease (1)
- CspZ (1)
- Curriculum (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- Cytokines (1)
- Cytology (1)
- DAA (1)
- DAMP (1)
- DLBCL (1)
- DMARDs (biologic) (1)
- DMARDs (synthetic) (1)
- DNA methylation (1)
- DNA mismatch repair (1)
- DNase1-seq (1)
- DOK1 (1)
- DSM (1)
- DTI (1)
- Dabigatran (1)
- Data acquisition (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Data science (1)
- Data visualization (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Dengue (1)
- Dengue fever (1)
- Dengue virus (1)
- Density equalizing mapping (1)
- Dental implants (1)
- Dental phobia (1)
- Dental training (1)
- Dentition (1)
- Dermatomyositis (1)
- Developmental biology (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Diagnosis (1)
- Dichloromethane (1)
- Differentiation (1)
- Digital ethics (1)
- Digital rectal examination (1)
- Digital transformation (1)
- Digitale Ethik (1)
- Digitale Transformation (1)
- Dimer (1)
- Dimers (Chemical physics) (1)
- Direct current electrical stimulation (1)
- Disc herniation (1)
- Dissociative seizures (1)
- Distance to water (1)
- Donor Selection (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Drug interactions (1)
- Drug therapy (1)
- Dual therapy (1)
- E/I-Balance (1)
- EGFL7 (1)
- EMT (1)
- ENCODE-DREAM in vivo Transcription Factor binding site prediction challenge (1)
- ERMS (1)
- Early diagnosis (1)
- Early recurrence (1)
- Edoxaban (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Elective caesarean section (1)
- Elevation (1)
- Ellipsoids (1)
- Emotional recognition (1)
- Endocrine cancer (1)
- Endoscopy (1)
- England (1)
- Ensemble learning (1)
- Enterostomy (1)
- Enterostomy closure (1)
- Enterostomy formation (1)
- Environmental chemistry (1)
- Enzyme kinetics (1)
- Enzyme mechanisms (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Epidermal growth factor receptor (1)
- Epidural block (1)
- Epigenetics (1)
- Epileptic seizures (1)
- Epithelial cells (1)
- Epstein-Barr virus (1)
- Epstein–Barr virus (1)
- Equipment (1)
- Ergonomics (1)
- Estradiol (1)
- Europe (1)
- European registry for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (eurIPFreg) (1)
- Examination questions (1)
- Exosomes (1)
- Experimental models of disease (1)
- Extinction (1)
- Extracellular matrix (1)
- Extracellular matrix proteins (1)
- Extracorporeal purification (1)
- Eye movements (1)
- FAM134B (1)
- FGFR (1)
- FOXO3a (1)
- FTY720 (1)
- FX06 (1)
- Factor analysis (1)
- Fallbeispiele (1)
- Fear conditioning (1)
- Fibroblasts (1)
- Fibrosis (1)
- Finite Element Method (1)
- Finite Volumes (1)
- Flaps (1)
- Forensics (1)
- Formation dance (1)
- Frailty (1)
- Frühgeburt (1)
- Functional clustering (1)
- G2A (1)
- GABAergic interneurons (1)
- GLI inhibitors (1)
- GPCR (1)
- GSK3α (1)
- GSK3β (1)
- Games (1)
- Gamma-Band Activity (1)
- Gap junctions (1)
- Gastric cancer (1)
- Gastrointestinal cancer (1)
- Gastrointestinal tract (1)
- Gebärmutterhalskrebs (1)
- Gender gap (1)
- Gene Regulation (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Gene fusion (1)
- Gene microarray analysis (1)
- Gene therapy (1)
- General dental practice (1)
- Generation time (1)
- Geographically weighted regression (GWR) (1)
- German people (1)
- Gestational age (1)
- Glaucoma (1)
- Glioblastoma (1)
- Glycosphingolipids (1)
- Grafts (1)
- Gram negative bacteria (1)
- Greater tuberosity fractures (1)
- Growth factors (1)
- HACA (1)
- HBV reactivation (1)
- HCV treatment (1)
- HER2 c-erbB2 (1)
- HER2-positive (1)
- HER2/neu (1)
- HH (1)
- HIV serodiagnosis (1)
- HIV-1 (1)
- HLA class II (1)
- HLA peptidome (1)
- HMGB1 (1)
- HPV (1)
- HRas (1)
- Haematoma expansion (1)
- Haemostatics (1)
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (1)
- Hausarztmangel (1)
- Head injury (1)
- Health care resource utilization (1)
- Health economics (1)
- Health information (1)
- Health risk analysis (1)
- Health-seeking behaviour (1)
- Heart transplantation (1)
- Hedgehog pathway (1)
- Helpline (1)
- Hematocrit value (1)
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (1)
- Hemodynamics (1)
- HepG2 (1)
- Hepatitis B virus (1)
- Hepatitis C virus (1)
- Hepatitis C, Chronic (1)
- Herbalife (1)
- Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (1)
- HhAntag (1)
- High-intensity interval endurance training (1)
- Hindu Kush Himalayas (1)
- Hip (1)
- Histology (1)
- Histone post-translational modifications (1)
- Homeostasis (1)
- Horner's syndrome (1)
- Horses (1)
- HuR (1)
- Human behaviour (1)
- Human prostate (1)
- Hydroxychloroquine (1)
- Hydroxycut (1)
- Hydroxyurea (1)
- Hypoxia inducible factor (1)
- Hysterektomie-Prävalenz (1)
- IFN (1)
- IL-18BP (1)
- IL-1β (1)
- IL-6 (1)
- IRES translation (1)
- ITGA7 (1)
- IVA interference tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- Iceland (1)
- Idarucizumab (1)
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Imaging in LGG (1)
- Immune suppression (1)
- Immunosenescence (1)
- Immunotherapy (1)
- Implementation (1)
- Incisional hernia (1)
- Incomplete colonoscopy (1)
- Indirect-binding (1)
- Induced sputum (1)
- Infectious disease epidemiology (1)
- Inflammatory diseases (1)
- Injuries (1)
- Injury (1)
- Insulin (1)
- Intensive care outcome (1)
- Intensive care units (1)
- Interleukin-6 (1)
- Interspecific competition (1)
- Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) (1)
- Intervertebral disc degeneration (1)
- Intra-abdominal infection (1)
- Intracellular pathogens (1)
- Intracerebral haemorrhage (1)
- Intracranial haemorrhage (1)
- Intracranial hemorrhage (1)
- Intragastric balloon (1)
- Inzidenzkorrektur (1)
- Irregular vaccination (1)
- Italy (1)
- Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (1)
- JNK3 (1)
- Jaw (1)
- Jumping (1)
- KAP (1)
- KDIGO (1)
- Kaisidis plate (1)
- Kidney Transplantation (1)
- Kidney transplant recipients (1)
- Knowledge (1)
- Krebsforschung (1)
- Kupffer cells (1)
- Kynurenine (1)
- LCH (1)
- Labor and delivery (1)
- Lactic acidosis (1)
- Landarztprogramm (1)
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis (1)
- Language (1)
- Laparostomy (1)
- Laterality (1)
- Lectin affinity plasmapheresis (1)
- Leflunomide (1)
- Legs (1)
- Lernerfolgsmessung (1)
- Lesions (1)
- Leukocyte elastase (1)
- Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Linear regression analysis (1)
- Lipidol (1)
- Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (1)
- Liver cirrhosis (1)
- Liver transplantation (1)
- Livestock (1)
- LncRNA (1)
- Local climate (1)
- Local control (1)
- Locomotor circuit (1)
- Low volume prep (1)
- Low-grade glioma (1)
- Luciferase (1)
- Lumbar spine (1)
- Lung adenocarcinoma (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- MDR1 (1)
- MEIS2 (1)
- MET (1)
- MOLLI (1)
- MR spectroscopy (1)
- MR-proADM (1)
- MRP4 (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Macrophages (1)
- Malaria (1)
- Mammalian target of rapamycin (1)
- Marburg virus (1)
- Maternal morbidity (1)
- Maxillary sinus (1)
- Medical communication (1)
- Medical ethics (1)
- Medical hypoxia (1)
- Medical imaging (1)
- Medical risk factors (1)
- Medical traineeship (1)
- Medication Appropriateness Index (1)
- Medication changes (1)
- Medizinische Abbildung (1)
- Medizinische Ausbildung (1)
- Medizinstudierende (1)
- Medizinstudium (1)
- Membrane proteins (1)
- Membrane staining (1)
- Mentor (1)
- Mesangial cells (1)
- Mesh (1)
- Mesh repair (1)
- Messenger RNA (1)
- Metabolic syndrome (1)
- Methotrexate (1)
- Micro RNAs (1)
- Micro-CT (1)
- Microalgae (1)
- Microbial mutation (1)
- Microbiome (1)
- Microsatellite instability (1)
- Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (1)
- Midline laparotomy (1)
- Minimal core of imaging (1)
- Minimal invasive (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mitochondrial ROS (1)
- Mitochondrial disorder (1)
- Mitochondrial proteins (1)
- Mitochondrial respiration (1)
- MitraClip (1)
- Model Organism (1)
- Molecular genetics (1)
- Molecular medicine (1)
- Monocytes and macrophages (1)
- Monolithic crown (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Morphogenesis (1)
- Mortalitätskorrektur (1)
- Motor skills (1)
- Mountain (1)
- Mouse (1)
- Mouse model (1)
- Mouse models (1)
- Moviprep (1)
- Multi-modal feedback (1)
- Multidisciplinary management (1)
- Multidrug resistance (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Multivariate analysis (1)
- Muscle tissue (1)
- Musician-specific seating position (1)
- Myalgia (1)
- Myelofibrosis (1)
- Myocardial infarction (1)
- Myocardial revascularization (1)
- N-Acetylaspartate (1)
- N-acetylcysteine (1)
- N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (1)
- NAFLD (1)
- NASH (1)
- NDNF interneurons (1)
- NDUFA6 (1)
- NK cells (1)
- NKG2A blocking (1)
- NKG2D (1)
- NK cells (1)
- NOD2 (1)
- NSTEMI (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Natriuretic peptide (1)
- Necrosis (1)
- Necrotizing enterocolitis (1)
- Needs assessment [MeSH] (1)
- Negative staining (1)
- Neoadjuvant therapy (1)
- Neonatal (1)
- Neonatal intensive care unit (1)
- Neonatal morbidity (1)
- Nephrons (1)
- Nerve regeneration (1)
- Nerves (1)
- Neural circuits (1)
- Neurobiology of disease and regeneration (1)
- Neurodevelopment (1)
- Neuroendocrine cancer (1)
- Neuroimaging (1)
- Neutropenia (1)
- Next generation sequencing (1)
- Nfe2l2 (1)
- Niche differentiation (1)
- Nimotuzumab (1)
- Nitric oxide (1)
- Non-interventional study (1)
- Non-responder (1)
- Non-small-cell lung cancer (1)
- Non-trauma (1)
- Noncoding RNA (1)
- Normal distribution (1)
- Nox1 (1)
- Nox4 (1)
- NoxO1 (1)
- Nucleus pulposus cells (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- Nymphs (1)
- OCT (1)
- Observational studies (1)
- Obstetrics and gynecology (1)
- Ocular findings (1)
- Oesophageal cancer (1)
- Okinawa (1)
- Okinawa diet (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Oncologic surgery (1)
- Open abdomen (1)
- Optic nerve atrophy (1)
- Optogenetics (1)
- Oral and maxillofacial trauma (1)
- Oral anticoagulation (1)
- Oral surgery (1)
- Ordinary least squares (OLS) (1)
- Organ dysfunction (1)
- Organ dysfunctions (1)
- Organ support (1)
- Organs at Risk (1)
- Oroantral (1)
- Osimertinib (1)
- Osteogenic differentiation (1)
- Outcome assessment (1)
- Outcome assessment [MeSH] (1)
- OxyELITE Pro (1)
- P-gp (1)
- P1NP (1)
- P2X7 receptor (1)
- PAH (1)
- PAI-1 (1)
- PBX1 (1)
- PC12 cells (1)
- PCV (1)
- PD-L1 (1)
- PEGylated PLGA (PLGA-PEG) (1)
- PFL (1)
- PI3K (1)
- PKA (1)
- PTCH (1)
- PTDM (1)
- PTK2B (1)
- Pacemaker (1)
- Pain (1)
- Pancreatitis (1)
- Parkin (1)
- Parkinson disease (1)
- Pathological complete response (1)
- Pathology (1)
- Patient Blood Management (1)
- Patient Outcome Assessment (1)
- Patient satisfaction (1)
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (1)
- Pediatrics [MeSH] (1)
- Peer Teaching (1)
- Peer teaching (1)
- Periodontal diseases (1)
- Peritonitis (1)
- Personality (1)
- Personalized medicine (1)
- Pessar (1)
- Pharmacy setting (1)
- Pharyngeal reflex (1)
- Phospho-soda (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphorylation (1)
- Phylogenetic analysis (1)
- Physical environment (1)
- Physicians (1)
- Physiology (1)
- PillCamColon2 (1)
- Polyps (1)
- Portal hypertension (1)
- Position paper (1)
- Post-transplant (1)
- Postoperative infections (1)
- Posttranslational modification (1)
- Postural control (1)
- Poverty (1)
- Practice (1)
- Preclinical (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Preterm birth (1)
- Primary health care (1)
- Progesteron (1)
- Progesterone (1)
- Prognostic markers (1)
- Programming languages (1)
- Progranulin (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Prostate Cancer (1)
- Prostate cancer cell lines (1)
- Prosthetic rehabilitation (1)
- Protein domains (1)
- Protein translation (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Prothrombin complex concentrate (1)
- Prüfungsfragen (1)
- Psychiatric disorders (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Public and occupational health (1)
- Pulmonary artery pressure (1)
- Pulmonary embolism (1)
- Pyruvate (1)
- Qualitative research [MeSH] (1)
- Quality of health care [MeSH] (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Quantitative MRI (1)
- Quantitative trait loci (1)
- Questionnaires (1)
- Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (1)
- Quinolinic acid (1)
- RNA therapy (1)
- RNA viruses (1)
- ROS (1)
- Rab7 (1)
- Radical nephrectomy (1)
- Rainfall (1)
- Randomized (1)
- RapL (1)
- Rapamycin (1)
- Rare diseases (1)
- Re-exploration (1)
- Rearing temperature (1)
- Red blood cell transfusion (1)
- Redox modification (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regression analysis (1)
- Regulatory networks (1)
- Reintervention (1)
- Remote monitoring (1)
- Renal cancer (1)
- Renal system (1)
- Research Article (1)
- Research architecture (1)
- Resource competition (1)
- Respiratory tract diseases (1)
- Response criteria (1)
- Resuscitation (1)
- Retinal degeneration (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- Rivaroxaban (1)
- Rural area (1)
- Ruxolitinib (1)
- S1P (1)
- SAVI (1)
- SCMR (1)
- SDH (1)
- SKAP1 (1)
- SMAD signaling (1)
- SOFA (1)
- STING (1)
- Safety equipment (1)
- Safety learning (1)
- Sarcoidosis (1)
- Scientific publishing (1)
- Secretion (1)
- Senescence (1)
- Sensitivity (1)
- Sensory Neuroscience (1)
- Sensory processing (1)
- Septic shock (1)
- Sequence alignment (1)
- Serum (1)
- Severe blood loss (1)
- Severity of illness index (1)
- Sex differences (1)
- Shannon index (1)
- Sholl analysis (1)
- Simulated patients (1)
- Single-cell RNA-seq (1)
- Smac mimetic (1)
- Small molecules (1)
- Small-cell lung cancer (1)
- Smart nebulizer (1)
- Smoking habits (1)
- Social communication (1)
- Social research (1)
- Social sciences (1)
- Solidworks 2015 (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- Spine Register (1)
- Spirochetes (1)
- Sports (1)
- Sports and exercise medicine (1)
- Spot sign (1)
- Standards of care (1)
- Starvation (1)
- Statistical data (1)
- Statistical methods (1)
- Status epilepticus (1)
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1)
- Stereotactic radiosurgery (1)
- Stoma (1)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (1)
- Stringed bow player (1)
- Structural MRI (1)
- Structural genomics (1)
- Study protocol (1)
- Suicide (1)
- Sulfasalazine (1)
- Sumatra (1)
- Supraspinatus tendon (1)
- Surgical ICU (1)
- Surgical site occurrence (1)
- Survival analysis (1)
- Survival data (1)
- Sweat osmolality (1)
- Sweat secretion rate (1)
- Syncope (1)
- Synthetic (1)
- T cell (1)
- T cells (1)
- T helper 17 cells (1)
- T-DM1 (1)
- T-cell targeting (1)
- T-cells (1)
- T1 mapping (1)
- TALE-homdomain protein (1)
- TAVR (1)
- TBSS (1)
- TC stenosis (1)
- TF-complexes (1)
- TMS-EEG (1)
- TNF inhibitors (1)
- TNF-α (1)
- TOR inhibitor (1)
- TP53 mutation status (1)
- Targeted therapy (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Technique (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Temporal lobe epilepsy (1)
- Term birth (1)
- Testosterone (1)
- Tet-inducible system (1)
- Thailand (1)
- Thermoregulation (1)
- Three-dimensional back scan (1)
- Thrombosis (1)
- Thyroid (1)
- Tick-Borne diseases (1)
- Tick-borne encephalitis (1)
- Timing (1)
- Tinnitus (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Tooth transplantation (1)
- Torque (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Training (1)
- Tranexamic acid (1)
- Transcription (1)
- Transcription Factors (1)
- Transcription factors (1)
- Transferases (1)
- Transfusion (1)
- Transgenic SK-2 mice (1)
- Trauma surgery (1)
- Traumatic brain injury (1)
- Traumatic injury (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Trichuris suis ova (1)
- Triple negative (1)
- Triple therapy (1)
- Triple-negative breast cancer (1)
- Troponin (1)
- Tubers (1)
- Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (1)
- Tumour biomarkers (1)
- Type 2 diabetes (1)
- UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (1)
- UGCG (1)
- ULBP4 (1)
- UWB diagnostics (1)
- Ubiquitin (1)
- Ubiquitination (1)
- Ultra microscopy (1)
- Ultrasonic nebulizer (1)
- Ultrasound imaging (1)
- Upper body posture (1)
- Usutu virus (1)
- V4 (1)
- VEGF (1)
- VIP1 (1)
- Vaccination breakthrough (1)
- Vaccine (1)
- Vascular emergencies (1)
- Vector mosquito (1)
- Viral core (1)
- Viral replication (1)
- Vision (1)
- Visual acuity (1)
- Vitamin (1)
- Volumetric analysis (1)
- Vorklinik (1)
- Warburg effect (1)
- Water chemistry (1)
- Weight loss (1)
- West Nile fever (1)
- West Nile neuroinvasive disease (1)
- West Nile virus (1)
- Work shadowing (1)
- Working memory (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- XL probe (1)
- Yarrowia lipolytica (1)
- Zervixverkürzung (1)
- Zika (1)
- Zika vaccine (1)
- Zika virus (1)
- Zirconia (1)
- Zoopotentation (1)
- Zooprophylaxis (1)
- abemaciclib (1)
- abnormal tumor vasculature (1)
- accident (1)
- acetaminophen (1)
- acetyl-CoA (1)
- activation receptors (1)
- active/deactive transition (1)
- actography (1)
- acute cholecystitis (1)
- acute coronary syndrome (1)
- acute exacerbations of COPD (1)
- acute inflammation (1)
- acute myeloid leukemia (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adenosine receptors (1)
- adherence (1)
- adhesion (1)
- adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- adoptive cell therapy (1)
- adoptive immunotherapy (1)
- advanced breast cancer (1)
- adverse reaction (1)
- aerosol (1)
- aggression (1)
- airway remodeling (1)
- aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons (1)
- alirocumab (1)
- allergen immunotherapy (1)
- allergic rhinitis (1)
- allogeneic stem cell transplantation (1)
- alpinia zerumbet (1)
- anaesthesia in orthopaedics (1)
- anaesthetics (1)
- anastomotic leakage (1)
- anatomy (1)
- anatomy and histology (1)
- anti-GD2 immunotherapy (1)
- anti-inflammatory (1)
- antibiotic (1)
- antibiotic therapy (1)
- antibodies (1)
- anticonvulsants (1)
- antihormone therapy (1)
- antimicrobial activity (1)
- antioxidant (1)
- antioxidant activity (1)
- antisense oligonucleotides (1)
- aortic stenosis (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- apps (1)
- aptamer (1)
- aquaporin 1 (1)
- arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (1)
- arachidonic acid (1)
- ascites (1)
- asthma (1)
- atrial fibrillation (1)
- atrial septostomy (1)
- atrophy (1)
- autoimmunity (1)
- autologous stem cell transplantation (1)
- avelumab (1)
- back scan (1)
- bacterium (1)
- balanced state (1)
- basal cell carcinoma (1)
- basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like (1)
- beta blockade (1)
- betamethasone dipropionate (1)
- bevacizumab (1)
- bibliometric analysis (1)
- bibliometry (1)
- bio imaging (1)
- bioactive phytochemicals (1)
- bioluminescence (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biopsy (1)
- bipolar disorders (1)
- birch pollen allergoid (1)
- blood (1)
- blood donor (1)
- blow flies (1)
- blow fly (1)
- body posture (1)
- borrelia (1)
- brachytherapy (1)
- bronchodilator (1)
- buccal mucosa (1)
- cAMP (1)
- cFLIP (1)
- calcification score (1)
- calcipotriol (1)
- calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (1)
- cancer stem cells (1)
- carbon tetrachloride (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- cardiovascular precision medicine (1)
- caspase-2 (1)
- ceRNA (1)
- celery (1)
- cell biology (1)
- cell cycle (1)
- cell migration (1)
- cellular signalling (1)
- centenarians (1)
- cerclage (1)
- cerebrospinal fluid (1)
- cervical cancer (1)
- cervical shortening (1)
- cervical spine (1)
- cervico-thoracic junction (1)
- ch14.18/CHO (1)
- chamomile (1)
- checkpoint inhibition (1)
- chemokine (1)
- chemotaxis (1)
- chemotherapeutic drug resistance (1)
- child abuse and neglect (1)
- child maltreatment (1)
- children (1)
- cholangiocarcinoma (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- chromosomal integration (1)
- cilia (1)
- circadian rhythms (1)
- circadian variation (1)
- cisplatin resistance (1)
- clinical management (1)
- clinical practice (1)
- clinical trial (1)
- cognition (1)
- cognitive states (1)
- cohort study (1)
- colitis (1)
- collagen (1)
- collagen-based biomaterial (1)
- collective dynamics (1)
- colon (1)
- colon carcinoma cells (1)
- column chromatography (1)
- combination (1)
- combination therapy (1)
- combined immunodeficiency (1)
- complement dependent cytotoxicity (1)
- complementary information (1)
- complex I (1)
- complexome profiling (1)
- complications (1)
- computational virology (1)
- computer-assisted drug therapy (1)
- congenic mice (1)
- contact lens solution (1)
- continuous glucose monitoring (1)
- controlled nuclear import (1)
- coronary (1)
- coronary disease (1)
- correction of incidence rate (1)
- correction of mortality rate (1)
- corrosion (1)
- criticality (1)
- cryoballoon (1)
- cumulative dose (1)
- curriculum (1)
- cytarabine dose (1)
- cytochrome P450 2E1 (1)
- cytokine release syndrome (1)
- cytokine-induced killer cells (1)
- cytotoxic T cells (1)
- dabrafenib (1)
- damage associated molecular pattern (1)
- decision aids (1)
- delayed cholecystectomy (1)
- delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (1)
- dendritic cells (1)
- dendritic inhibition (1)
- dental abutment (1)
- dental implants (1)
- dermatology (1)
- dexamethasone (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diabetic macular edema (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- dietary supplements (1)
- differentiated thyroid carcinoma (1)
- differentiation (1)
- diffuse low-grade glioma (1)
- digital age determination (1)
- dihydroceramides (1)
- diplopia (1)
- direct-acting antivirals (1)
- disease progression (1)
- disintegration (1)
- dose response curve (1)
- doxorubicin (1)
- doxycycline (1)
- drug interaction (1)
- drug release (1)
- drug-coated balloon (1)
- drug-eluting balloon (1)
- dynamic stimuli (1)
- eNPP2 (1)
- early cholecystectomy (1)
- educational cases (1)
- educational measurement (1)
- efficacy (1)
- elderly (1)
- embodiment (1)
- emulsion diffusion (1)
- encoding (1)
- endogenous clock (1)
- endoplasmic reticulum (1)
- endothelial activation (1)
- endothelial barrier (1)
- endothelial cell (1)
- endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (1)
- epidemics (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epileptic encephalopathies (1)
- event-based (1)
- excitability (1)
- exercise (1)
- exosomes (1)
- exponential model (1)
- extracting solvents (1)
- fMRI (1)
- face (1)
- facial EMG (1)
- facial emotion recognition (1)
- facial expressions of emotion (1)
- facial muscle activity (1)
- factor H (1)
- falls (1)
- false memory (1)
- fear learning (1)
- female subjects (1)
- femoropopliteal segment (1)
- fibrinolysis (1)
- fibrosis (1)
- flow cytometry (1)
- fluocinolone acetonide (1)
- focal adhesion (1)
- forensics (1)
- functional connectivity (1)
- functional genomics (1)
- functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (1)
- fungus (1)
- galactomannan (1)
- gallstone disease (1)
- gastric cancer (1)
- gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (1)
- gene delivery (1)
- gene therapy (1)
- gene vectors (1)
- general anaesthesia (1)
- general practice (1)
- genetic markers (1)
- geriatric medicine (1)
- germinal center (1)
- glioma (1)
- glioma-associated oncogene homolog (1)
- gliomas (1)
- global mapping (1)
- glucocorticoid (1)
- glucose metabolism (1)
- glycolysis (1)
- graft perfusion (1)
- graft rejection (1)
- graft-versus-host disease (1)
- graft-versus-tumor effect (1)
- granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (1)
- granulomas (1)
- granulomatous inflammation (1)
- green tea extract (1)
- hanging donors (1)
- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (1)
- head-and-neck cancer (1)
- headache (1)
- health (1)
- health care personnel (1)
- health information exchange (1)
- health services accessibility (1)
- health-related quality of life (1)
- heart failure (1)
- hedgehog signaling pathway (1)
- helminths (1)
- hematopoietic stem cells (1)
- hepatitis B virus (1)
- hepatitis C virus (HCV) (1)
- hepatitis E virus (1)
- hepatocyte transplantation (1)
- hereditary angioedema (1)
- hierarchy (1)
- hippocampal neuronal cell line (1)
- histone acetylation (1)
- histone deacetylase (1)
- histone deacetylase 5 (1)
- host-targeting antivirals (1)
- human biology and medicine (1)
- human papilloma virus (1)
- human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (1)
- humanized mouse (1)
- humans (1)
- humoral factors (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hydrocephalus (1)
- hydroxyapatite crystals (1)
- hyperbaric oxygen treatment (1)
- hyperlipidemia (1)
- hypothalamus (1)
- hypoxia-induced cell death (1)
- imitation (1)
- immune (1)
- immune reconstitution (1)
- immunohistochemistry (1)
- in-cabin exposure (1)
- inducible gene expression (1)
- infectivity (1)
- inflammasome (1)
- influenza (1)
- influenza vaccine (1)
- information decomposition (1)
- inhaler (1)
- innate lymphoid cells (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- integration (1)
- integrin (1)
- integrins (1)
- interferon (1)
- interferon gamma (1)
- interleukin-1 (1)
- interleukin-18 (1)
- interleukin-1β (1)
- interleukin-23 receptor (1)
- interneurons (1)
- interstitial brachytherapy (1)
- intervertebral disc degeneration (1)
- intestinal graft-versushost disease (1)
- intracellular trafficking (1)
- intraperitoneal therapy (1)
- intraventricular chemotherapy (1)
- invasion (1)
- ionomycin (1)
- irradiation (1)
- ischemic type biliary lesions (1)
- isocaloric ketogenic diet (1)
- isovaleric acidaemia (1)
- kavalactones (1)
- keratinocytes (1)
- kinase inhibitor (1)
- knockout mice (1)
- knowledge discovery (1)
- laceration (1)
- lapatinib (1)
- late lumen loss (1)
- layer 1 (1)
- leptomeningeal metastases (1)
- levetiracetam (1)
- lipoxygenase (1)
- liver cirrhosis (1)
- liver fibrosis (1)
- liver transplantation (1)
- long-acting muscarinic antagonist (1)
- long-term follow-up (1)
- long-term infusion (1)
- longevity (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lung remodeling (1)
- lung transplantation (1)
- lymphocyte (1)
- lymphoma (1)
- mTOR (1)
- mTOR inhibitor (1)
- mTORC1 (1)
- machine-learning (1)
- macula (1)
- magnetoencephalography (1)
- maintenance (1)
- malignancy (1)
- marginal bone loss (1)
- markovianity (1)
- massively parallel multigrid solvers (1)
- maternal care (1)
- mathematical modeling (1)
- measure development/validation (1)
- mechanobactericidal surfaces (1)
- medical illustration (1)
- medical school (1)
- medication reconciliation (1)
- memebrane (1)
- mentoring (1)
- metabolic cancer therapy (1)
- metamorphosis (1)
- metastatic (1)
- methotrexate (1)
- methyltransferases (1)
- miR-122 (1)
- miR-21 (1)
- microdosing (1)
- microsaccades (1)
- microsatellite instability (1)
- microwave breast imaging (1)
- migrants (1)
- migration (1)
- mitochondrial disease (1)
- mobile air quality study (1)
- moisturing cream (1)
- molecular identification (1)
- molecular mechanisms (1)
- momilactone A (1)
- momilactone B (1)
- monkey (1)
- mouse (1)
- multidrug resistance (1)
- multimorbidity (1)
- multinucleated giant cells (1)
- multiple chronic conditions (1)
- multiple myeloma (1)
- multiple sclerosis (1)
- multisite cooperation (1)
- myocyte enhancer factor 2 (1)
- nanostructures (1)
- natural killer T cells (1)
- natural killer cell (1)
- neocortical circuits (1)
- neoepitopes (1)
- neonatal intensive care unit (1)
- neonate (1)
- neural network (1)
- neural oscillations (1)
- neuraminidase inhibitor (1)
- neuro-ophthalmological examination (1)
- neuroblastoma (1)
- neurocognition (1)
- neurocritical care (1)
- neurogenesis (1)
- neurological emergencies (1)
- neuromodulation (1)
- neurophysiology (1)
- neuropilin-1 (1)
- nitric oxide (1)
- nitro-fatty acids (1)
- non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (1)
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (1)
- nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (1)
- nonviral gene delivery (1)
- novel psychoactive substance (1)
- nursery school students (1)
- nursery schools (1)
- nursery students (1)
- nurses (1)
- obese (1)
- object tracking (1)
- omega-3 fatty acids (1)
- oncogene (1)
- one health (1)
- open-source (1)
- oral kallikrein inhibitor (1)
- orthopic liver transplantation (1)
- oscillations (1)
- oseltamivir (1)
- ostium (1)
- outcome (1)
- outcomes (1)
- ovarian cancer (1)
- oxygen (1)
- p21-activated kinase 2 (1)
- p38 (1)
- p97 (1)
- pCREB (1)
- palbociclib (1)
- palmitoylation (1)
- papilloma (1)
- parameter estimation (1)
- parsley (1)
- particle size distribution (1)
- particulate matter (1)
- patency (1)
- patient study (1)
- patients (1)
- pentose phosphate pathway (1)
- pericytes (1)
- peripheral artery disease (1)
- peripheral vascular diseases (1)
- peritoneal carcinomatosis (1)
- persistent atrial fibrillation (1)
- persisting pain (1)
- personalized oncology (1)
- pertuzumab (1)
- pessary (1)
- pharmacology (1)
- phase III (1)
- phase-1 (1)
- phenolics (1)
- phenylephrine (1)
- phosphate (1)
- photoaging (1)
- physical activity (1)
- physical activity promotion (1)
- physical activity recommendations (1)
- pictilisib (1)
- pig (1)
- pivalate (1)
- pivoloyl (1)
- plasminogen (1)
- platform-switched (1)
- polarization (1)
- poly(I:C) (1)
- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (1)
- polydipsia (1)
- polylactic acid (PLA) (1)
- polymerase chain reaction (1)
- polypharmacy (1)
- polyphenols (1)
- polytrauma (1)
- polyuria (1)
- popliteal artery (1)
- porcine (1)
- post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (1)
- posttranslational modification (1)
- pre-emptive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (1)
- preclinical semesters (1)
- preconditioning (1)
- pressure (1)
- pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) (1)
- preterm (1)
- preterm birth (1)
- pretreatment (1)
- prevalence of hysterectomy (1)
- prevent smoking (1)
- primary cilium (1)
- primary healthcare (1)
- primary mouse proximal tubular cells (1)
- progesterone (1)
- programmed cell death ligand 1 (1)
- programmed cell death protein 1 (1)
- proliferation (1)
- prophylaxis (1)
- propofol anesthesia (1)
- prospective memory (1)
- prostaglandin E2 (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- protein kinase D (1)
- protein kinases (1)
- proteomics (1)
- pruritus (1)
- psoriatic arthritis (1)
- psychological questionnaires (1)
- psychometric properties (1)
- publication (1)
- pulmonary arterial hypertension (1)
- pulmonary inflammation (1)
- pulmonary vein isolation (1)
- qPCR (1)
- qRT-PCR (1)
- qualitative research (1)
- quality control (1)
- radical scavenging chemicals (1)
- radiofrequency (1)
- radiotherapy (1)
- radiotherapy resistance (1)
- rare diseases (1)
- rat (1)
- real-world evidence (1)
- realistic geometries (1)
- redox signalling (1)
- redox-linked proton translocation (1)
- redundancy (1)
- redundant information (1)
- reference values (1)
- regulatory T cell (1)
- relapsing–remitting (1)
- reliability (1)
- remote ischemic preconditioning (1)
- renal cell cancer (1)
- renal cell carcinoma (1)
- renal failure (1)
- renal ischemia reperfusion injury (1)
- research consortium (1)
- resilience (1)
- respiratory complex I (1)
- restenosis (1)
- restrictive atrial communication (1)
- retina (1)
- retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (1)
- rhodocetin-αβ (1)
- rhythm (1)
- ribociclib (1)
- rice husk (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- rural health program (1)
- saliva (1)
- school-based prevention (1)
- scientometrics (1)
- scientometry (1)
- screening routine (1)
- secretion (1)
- selection (1)
- selective attention (1)
- selective mutism, (1)
- semen (1)
- sensitization (1)
- sensory neurons (1)
- sequential ALK-inhibitor therapy (1)
- shedding (1)
- shell ginger (1)
- shortage of family doctors (1)
- siRNA (1)
- signaling (1)
- silence interfering RNA (1)
- sirtuin1 (1)
- sirtuins (1)
- skeletal muscle (1)
- skin (1)
- smoking (1)
- smoking cessation (1)
- solvent displacement (1)
- somatostatin interneurons (1)
- sonidegib (1)
- spatial (1)
- sphinganine 1-phosphate (1)
- sphingosine kinase 1 (1)
- spinster homology protein 2 (Spns2) (1)
- spirochetes (1)
- squamous cell carcinoma (1)
- standard value (1)
- stem cell niche (1)
- stem cells (1)
- stenosis (1)
- stenosis quantification (1)
- sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (1)
- stroke (1)
- structural biology and molecular biophysics (1)
- subcutaneous immunotherapy (1)
- sublingual immunotherapy (1)
- subventricular zone (1)
- superficial femoral artery (1)
- syncope (1)
- synergy (1)
- tear (1)
- temozolomide (1)
- temperature (1)
- temsirolimus (1)
- testicular cancer (1)
- tetracycline (1)
- tetrahydrobiopterin (1)
- thymus (1)
- titanium (1)
- titanium particles (1)
- tobacco (1)
- tobacco cessation (1)
- tomography (1)
- top-down processing (1)
- topical agent (1)
- total events (1)
- total flavonoids (1)
- total phenols (1)
- toxicity (1)
- tracking (1)
- traffic emissions (1)
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement (1)
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transfemoral (1)
- transgelin (1)
- transient elastography (1)
- transketolase-like protein 1 (1)
- translational cancer research (1)
- transposition (1)
- trastuzumab (1)
- trauma (1)
- trehalose (1)
- tubular regeneration (1)
- tumor metabolism (1)
- tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (1)
- type B (1)
- ubiquitin (1)
- unique information (1)
- upper gastrointestinal cancer (1)
- vaccination rates (1)
- vaccine (1)
- vaccine acceptance (1)
- vaccine trial (1)
- validity (1)
- vascular calcification (1)
- vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (1)
- vascular smooth muscle cells (1)
- vasculogenic mimicry (1)
- vasoconstriction (1)
- vasodilation (1)
- vasopressin (1)
- ventilation modes (1)
- ventral striatum (1)
- ventriculoperitoneal shunt (1)
- vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (1)
- vessel-associated mural cells (1)
- videos (1)
- viral dynamics (1)
- virus (1)
- virus-like particles (1)
- vision (1)
- vismodegib (1)
- vismodegib (GDC-0449) (1)
- visual cortex (1)
- visuo-spatial attention (1)
- vitamin D (1)
- vitamin D receptor (1)
- wear (1)
- white-matter (1)
- wild animals (1)
- willingness to participate (1)
- within-host viral modelling (1)
- working memory (1)
- wound healing (1)
- yield optimization (1)
- ß-D-glucan (1)
- α-mannosidosis (1)
Institute
Operating in a reverberating regime enables rapid tuning of network states to task requirements
(2018)
Neural circuits are able to perform computations under very diverse conditions and requirements. The required computations impose clear constraints on their fine-tuning: a rapid and maximally informative response to stimuli in general requires decorrelated baseline neural activity. Such network dynamics is known as asynchronous-irregular. In contrast, spatio-temporal integration of information requires maintenance and transfer of stimulus information over extended time periods. This can be realized at criticality, a phase transition where correlations, sensitivity and integration time diverge. Being able to flexibly switch, or even combine the above properties in a task-dependent manner would present a clear functional advantage. We propose that cortex operates in a "reverberating regime" because it is particularly favorable for ready adaptation of computational properties to context and task. This reverberating regime enables cortical networks to interpolate between the asynchronous-irregular and the critical state by small changes in effective synaptic strength or excitation-inhibition ratio. These changes directly adapt computational properties, including sensitivity, amplification, integration time and correlation length within the local network. We review recent converging evidence that cortex in vivo operates in the reverberating regime, and that various cortical areas have adapted their integration times to processing requirements. In addition, we propose that neuromodulation enables a fine-tuning of the network, so that local circuits can either decorrelate or integrate, and quench or maintain their input depending on task. We argue that this task-dependent tuning, which we call "dynamic adaptive computation," presents a central organization principle of cortical networks and discuss first experimental evidence.
According to embodied cognition accounts, viewing others’ facial emotion can elicit the respective emotion representation in observers which entails simulations of sensory, motor, and contextual experiences. In line with that, published research found viewing others’ facial emotion to elicit automatic matched facial muscle activation, which was further found to facilitate emotion recognition. Perhaps making congruent facial muscle activity explicit produces an even greater recognition advantage. If there is conflicting sensory information, i.e., incongruent facial muscle activity, this might impede recognition. The effects of actively manipulating facial muscle activity on facial emotion recognition from videos were investigated across three experimental conditions: (a) explicit imitation of viewed facial emotional expressions (stimulus-congruent condition), (b) pen-holding with the lips (stimulus-incongruent condition), and (c) passive viewing (control condition). It was hypothesised that (1) experimental condition (a) and (b) result in greater facial muscle activity than (c), (2) experimental condition (a) increases emotion recognition accuracy from others’ faces compared to (c), (3) experimental condition (b) lowers recognition accuracy for expressions with a salient facial feature in the lower, but not the upper face area, compared to (c). Participants (42 males, 42 females) underwent a facial emotion recognition experiment (ADFES-BIV) while electromyography (EMG) was recorded from five facial muscle sites. The experimental conditions’ order was counter-balanced. Pen-holding caused stimulus-incongruent facial muscle activity for expressions with facial feature saliency in the lower face region, which reduced recognition of lower face region emotions. Explicit imitation caused stimulus-congruent facial muscle activity without modulating recognition. Methodological implications are discussed.
Immune-modulating therapy is a promising therapy for patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Microsatellite instability (MSI) might be a favorable predictor for treatment response, but comprehensive data on the prevalence of MSI in CCA are missing. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of MSI in a German tertiary care hospital. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples, obtained in the study period from 2007 to 2015 from patients with CCA undergoing surgical resection with curative intention at Johann Wolfgang Goethe University hospital, were examined. All samples were investigated immunohistochemically for the presence of MSI (expression of MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6) as well as by pentaplex polymerase chain reaction for five quasimonomorphic mononucleotide repeats (BAT-25, BAT-26, NR-21, NR-22, and NR-24). In total, 102 patients were included, presenting intrahepatic (n = 35, 34.3%), perihilar (n = 42, 41.2%), and distal CCA (n = 25, 24.5%). In the immunohistochemical analysis, no loss of expression of DNA repair enzymes was observed. In the PCR-based analysis, one out of 102 patients was found to be MSI-high and one out of 102 was found to be MSI-low. Thus, MSI seems to appear rarely in CCA in Germany. This should be considered when planning immune-modulating therapy trials for patients with CCA.
Our ability to select relevant information from the environment is limited by the resolution of attention – i.e., the minimum size of the region that can be selected. Neural mechanisms that underlie this limit and its development are not yet understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed during an object tracking task in 7- and 11-year-old children, and in young adults. Object tracking activated canonical fronto-parietal attention systems and motion-sensitive area MT in children as young as 7 years. Object tracking performance improved with age, together with stronger recruitment of parietal attention areas and a shift from low-level to higher-level visual areas. Increasing the required resolution of spatial attention – which was implemented by varying the distance between target and distractors in the object tracking task – led to activation increases in fronto-insular cortex, medial frontal cortex including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and supplementary motor area, superior colliculi, and thalamus. This core circuitry for attentional precision was recruited by all age groups, but ACC showed an age-related activation reduction. Our results suggest that age-related improvements in selective visual attention and in the resolution of attention are characterized by an increased use of more functionally specialized brain regions during the course of development.
Aim: To evaluate the occurrence and severity of enterostomy complications in newborns suffering from different intestinal disorders.
Methods: A 10-year retrospective cohort study (2008-2017) investigated newborns that underwent enterostomy formation and reversal for different intestinal disorders. Only infants less than 28 d old at the time of enterostomy creation were included in the study (corrected age was applied in the cases of preterm neonates). The patients were divided into two groups according to their underlying diseases. Group 1 included infants suffering from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), whereas Group 2 included newborns diagnosed with intestinal disorders other than NEC, such as meconium obstruction, anorectal malformation, focal intestinal perforation, ileus, intestinal atresia and volvulus. The primary outcome measure was enterostomy-related morbidity. The data were analyzed statistically using Pearson’s χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-Test for continuous variables.
Results: In total, 76 infants met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for enterostomy-related complications. Neither group showed significant differences regarding gender, gestational age, weight at birth or weight at enterostomy formation. Infants suffering from NEC (Group 1) were significantly older at enterostomy formation than the neonates of Group 2 [median (range), 11 (2-75) d vs 4 (1-101) d, P = 0.004)]. Significantly more ileostomies were created in Group 1 [47 (92.2%) vs 16 (64.0%), P = 0.007], whereas colostomies were performed significantly more often in Group 2 [2 (3.9%) vs 8 (32.0%), P = 0.002]. The initiation of enteral nutrition after enterostomy was significantly later in Group 1 infants than in Group 2 infants [median (range), 5 (3-13) vs 3 (1-9), P < 0.001]. The overall rate of one or more complications in patients of both groups after enterostomy formation was 80.3%, with rates of 86.3% in Group 1 and 68.0% in Group 2 (P = 0.073). Most patients suffered from two complications (23.7%). Four or more complications occurred in 21.6% of the infants in Group 1 and in 12.0% of the infants in Group 2 (P = 0.365). Following enterostomy closure, at least one complication was observed in 26.0% of the patients (30.6% in Group 1 and 16.7% in Group 2, P = 0.321). The occurrence of complications was not significantly different between neonates with NEC and infants with other intestinal disorders. 48 (65.8%) patients required no treatment or only pharmacological treatment for the complications that occurred [Clavien-Dindo-Classification (CDC) < III], while 25 (34.2%) required surgery to address the complications (CDC ≥ III). Early reversal of the enterostomy was performed significantly more often (P = 0.003) and the time to full enteral nutrition after closure was significantly longer [median (range), 7 (3-87) d vs 12 (5-93) d, P = 0.006] in infants with a CDC grading ≥ III than in infants with a CDC grading < III.
Conclusion: Complications occur in almost all infants with enterostomies. The majority of these complications are minor and do not require surgical treatment. There is a clear trend that neonates with NEC have a higher risk for developing complications than those without NEC.
Background: Subdural hematoma (SDH) is a common disease associated with high morbidity, which is becoming more prominent due to the increasing incidence. Decision for a surgical evacuation is made depending on the clinical appearance and the volume of SDH, wherefore it is important to have a simple ‘bedside’ method to measure and compare the volume of SDH.
Objective: The aim of the study was to verify the accuracy of the simplified ABC/2 volumetric formula to determine a valuable tool for the clinical practice.
Methods: Preoperative CT-scans of 83 patients with SDHs were used for the computer-assisted volumetric measurement via BrainLab® as well as the ABC/2 volumetric measurement. A = largest length (anterior to posterior) of the SDH; B = maximum width (lateral to midline) 90° to A; C = maximum height (coronal plane or multiplication of slices) of the hematoma. These measurements were performed by two independent clinicians in a blinded fashion. Both volumes were compared by linear regression analysis of Pearson and Bland-Altman regression analysis.
Results: Among 100 SDHs, 53% were under an 47% were over 100cm3 showing a well distribution of the hematoma sizes. There was an excellent correlation between computer-assisted volumetric measurement and ABC/2 (R2 = 0.947, p<0.0001) and no undesirable deviation and trend were detected (p = 0.101; p = 0.777). A 95% tolerance region of the ratios of both methods was [0.805–1.201].
Conclusion: The ABC/2 method is a simple and fast bedside formula for the measurement of SDH volume in a timely manner without limited access through simple adaption, which may replace the computer-assisted volumetric measurement in the clinical and research area. Reason for the good accuracy seems to be the spherical form of SDH, which has a similarity to a half ellipsoid.
Background: The Birch Allergoid, Tyrosine Adsorbate, Monophosphoryl Lipid A (POLLINEX® Quattro Plus 1.0 ml Birch 100%) is an effective, well‐tolerated short course subcutaneous immunotherapy. We performed 2 phase II studies to determine its optimal cumulative dose.
Methods: The studies were conducted in Germany, Austria and Poland (EudraCT numbers: 2012‐004336‐28 PQBirch203 and 2015‐000984‐15 PQBirch204) using a wide range of cumulative doses. In both studies, subjects were administered 6 therapy injections weekly outside the pollen season. Conjunctival Provocation Tests were performed at screening, baseline and 3‐4 weeks after completing treatment, to quantify the reduction in Total Symptom Scores (as the primary endpoint) with each cumulative dose. Multiple Comparison Procedure and Modeling analysis was used to test for the dose response, shape of the curve and estimation of the median effective dose (ED50), a measure of potency.
Results: Statistically significant dose responses (P < .01 & .001) were seen, respectively. The highest cumulative dose in PQBirch204 (27 300 standardized units [SU]) approached a plateau. Potency of the PQBirch was demonstrated by an ED50 2723 SU, just over half the current dose. Prevalence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was similar for active doses, most being short‐lived and mild. Compliance was over 85% in all groups.
Conclusion: Increasing the cumulative dose of PQBirch 5.5‐fold from 5100 to 27 300 SU achieved an absolute point difference from placebo of 1.91, a relative difference 32.3% and an increase in efficacy of 50%, without compromising safety. The cumulative dose response was confirmed to be curvilinear in shape.
Ziele: Das Ziel dieser offiziellen Leitlinie, die von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG) und der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) publiziert und koordiniert wurde, ist es, die Früherkennung, Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Mammakarzinoms zu optimieren.
Methoden: Der Aktualisierungsprozess der S3-Leitlinie aus 2012 basierte zum einen auf der Adaptation identifizierter Quellleitlinien und zum anderen auf Evidenzübersichten, die nach Entwicklung von PICO-(Patients/Interventions/Control/Outcome-)Fragen, systematischer Recherche in Literaturdatenbanken sowie Selektion und Bewertung der gefundenen Literatur angefertigt wurden. In den interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppen wurden auf dieser Grundlage Vorschläge für Empfehlungen und Statements erarbeitet, die im Rahmen von strukturierten Konsensusverfahren modifiziert und graduiert wurden.
Empfehlungen: Der Teil 1 dieser Kurzversion der Leitlinie zeigt Empfehlungen zur Früherkennung, Diagnostik und Nachsorge des Mammakarzinoms: Der Stellenwert des Mammografie-Screenings wird in der aktualisierten Leitlinienversion bestätigt und bildet damit die Grundlage der Früherkennung. Neben den konventionellen Methoden der Karzinomdiagnostik wird die Computertomografie (CT) zum Staging bei höherem Rückfallrisiko empfohlen. Die Nachsorgekonzepte beinhalten Untersuchungsintervalle für die körperliche Untersuchung, Ultraschall und Mammografie, während weiterführende Gerätediagnostik und Tumormarkerbestimmungen bei der metastasierten Erkrankung Anwendung finden.
Purpose: The aim of this official guideline coordinated and published by the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) and the German Cancer Society (DKG) was to optimize the screening, diagnosis, therapy and follow-up care of breast cancer.
Methods: The process of updating the S3 guideline dating from 2012 was based on the adaptation of identified source guidelines which were combined with reviews of evidence compiled using PICO (Patients/Interventions/Control/Outcome) questions and the results of a systematic search of literature databases and the selection and evaluation of the identified literature. The interdisciplinary working groups took the identified materials as their starting point to develop recommendations and statements which were modified and graded in a structured consensus procedure.
Recommendations: Part 1 of this short version of the guideline presents recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and follow-up care of breast cancer. The importance of mammography for screening is confirmed in this updated version of the guideline and forms the basis for all screening. In addition to the conventional methods used to diagnose breast cancer, computed tomography (CT) is recommended for staging in women with a higher risk of recurrence. The follow-up concept includes suggested intervals between physical, ultrasound and mammography examinations, additional high-tech diagnostic procedures, and the determination of tumor markers for the evaluation of metastatic disease.
Beim primären, frühen Mammakarzinom zielt die Behandlungsplanung auf ein immer besseres Verständnis der Erkrankung ab. Die Identifikation von Patientinnen mit einer exzellenten Prognose könnte dieser Gruppe helfen, unnötige Therapien zu vermeiden. Weiterhin wird die Planung der Therapie immer weiter auf die Patientin abgestimmt. Das Wissen über Patientinnen, die besonders von einer Chemotherapie profitieren, wächst genauso wie das Wissen um Patientinnen, die von einer Immuntherapie profitieren könnten. Hinsichtlich der Immuntherapien stehen die durchgeführten Studien kurz vor der Publikation. Einzelne kleinere Studien bieten einen ersten Einblick in die Wirksamkeit der Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (Anti-PD1/PDL1-Therapien). Nicht zuletzt konnte kürzlich eine der größten Brustkrebsstudien aller Zeiten zu Ende geführt werden. Die Anwendung eines Multigentests konnte zeigen, dass er ausreicht, um Patientinnen mit einer so guten Prognose zu identifizieren, dass keine Chemotherapie nötig ist. Dieser Review-Artikel soll die aktuellen Studien zusammenfassen und einen Ausblick der gegenwärtigen Entwicklungen geben.
In primary early breast cancer, the aim of treatment planning is to obtain an increasingly better understanding of the disease. The identification of patients with an excellent prognosis could help this group avoid unnecessary treatments. Furthermore, the planning of treatment is becoming increasingly patient-focussed. There is a growing understanding of those patients who benefit particularly from chemotherapy, as well as of those who could benefit from immunotherapy. Studies conducted on immunotherapies will be published shortly. Smaller individual studies offer an initial insight into the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD1/PDL1 therapies). Not least, one of the largest breast cancer studies of all times has recently come to an end. The use of a multigene test has shown that it is sufficient to identify patients with such a good prognosis that chemotherapy is unnecessary. This review article is intended to summarise the current studies and give an outlook on current developments.
Background: Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a devastating multi-system disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, growth retardation, immunodeficiency, chronic pulmonary disease and chromosomal instability. Cutaneous granulomas are a known phenomenon in A-T but extra-dermal manifestation of granulomas at bone and synovia has not been reported so far. The clinical presentation, immunological findings, the long-term course and treatment options of eight patients with severe granulomas will be reported.
Methods: From our cohort of 44 classical A-T patients, eight patients aged 2–11 years (18.2%) presented with granulomas. Immunological features of patients with and without granulomas were compared. Five patients suffered from cutaneous manifestation, in two patients we detected a bone and in one a joint involvement. Patients with significant extra-dermal involvement as well as one patient with massive skin manifestation were treated with TNF inhibitors. The patient with granulomas at his finger joint and elbow was treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Results: Interestingly, seven of eight patients with granulomas were total IgA deficient, but there were no differences in IgG and IgM levels. All lymphocytes subsets were equally distributed except patients with granuloma had significantly lower naïve CD8 cells. In patients without treatment, four of eight showed a slow but significant enlargement of the granuloma. Treatment success with TNF inhibitors was variable. In one patient, treatment with TNF inhibitors led to a total remission for 3 years up to now. In two patients, treatment with TNF inhibitors led to a partial regression of granulomas. Treatment interruptions caused deterioration again.
Conclusions: Granulomas in A-T progress slowly over years and can lead to significant morbidity.Treatment with TNF inhibitors was safe and in part successful in our patients. Interestingly HSCT leads to complete remission, and indicates that aberrant immune function is responsible for granulomas in A-T patients.
At a glance commentary:
Scientific knowledge on the subject: Little is known about the clinical presentation, course and treatment of granulomas in ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). In addition, this is the first report of extra-dermal manifestation of granulomas at bone and synovia in patients with A-T.
What This Study Adds to the Field: Granulomas in A-T progress slowly over years and can lead to significant morbidity. Treatment with TNF inhibitors was safe and in part successful in our patients.
Hemispherical and cylindrical antenna arrays are widely used in radar-based and tomography-based microwave breast imaging systems. Based on the dielectric contrast between healthy and malignant tissue, a three-dimensional image could be formed to locate the tumor. However, conventional X-ray mammography as the golden standard in breast cancer screening produces two-dimensional breast images so that a comparison between the 3D microwave image and the 2D mammogram could be difficult. In this paper, we present the design and realisation of a UWB breast imaging prototype for the frequency band from 1 to 9 GHz. We present a refined system design in light of the clinical usage by means of a planar scanning and compare microwave images with those obtained by X-ray mammography. Microwave transmission measurements were processed to create a two-dimensional image of the breast that can be compared directly with a two-dimensional mammogram. Preliminary results from a patient study are presented and discussed showing the ability of the proposed system to locate the tumor.
Background: Transient elastography (TE) has been validated as an effective noninvasive tool for the assessment of liver fibrosis. The XL probe is a new probe that was initially designed for use in patients with obesity. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of TE using the XL probe.
Methods: In September 2016, we systematically searched the PubMed and Science Direct search engines. The feasibility of TE was evaluated based on the failure rate and the results of the unreliable liver stiffness measurement (LSM). The efficacy of TE was measured using sensitivity, specificity, and summary receiver-operating characteristic as measures/indices assessed in different stages of fibrosis. Heterogeneity was measured using the chi-squared test and the Q-statistic. We used the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as an effect measure.
Results: We included 8 studies in the meta-analysis. When the XL was compared to the M probe, the former showed a lower risk of failure rate [relative risk (RR) 0.24, 95% CI 0.14–0.38]. In patients with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, the XL probe showed a statistically significantly lower risk of failure rate (RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.08–0.32) but no significant improvement (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.50–1.16) in the unreliable LSM result. In patients showing liver fibrosis stage ≥F2, the XL probe showed a sensitivity of 0.56 (95% CI 0.39–0.72), specificity of 0.71 (95% CI 0.61–0.79), and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71. The results observed in patients with liver fibrosis stage F4 were more promising with a sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI 0.76–0.90), specificity of 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.84), and an AUC of 0.88.
Conclusion: TE using the XL probe demonstrates significant diagnostic utility in patients with liver fibrosis and is likely to be more reliable than the M probe in patients with obesity. Large prospective multicenter studies are, however, necessary to establish the new cut-off values to be used for the XL probe in patients with obesity.
Damaged mitochondria are selectively eliminated by mitophagy. Parkin and PINK1, gene products mutated in familial Parkinson’s disease, play essential roles in mitophagy through ubiquitination of mitochondria. Cargo ubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin is important to trigger selective autophagy. Although autophagy receptors recruit LC3-labeled autophagic membranes onto damaged mitochondria, how other essential autophagy units such as ATG9A-integrated vesicles are recruited remains unclear. Here, using mammalian cultured cells, we demonstrate that RABGEF1, the upstream factor of the endosomal Rab GTPase cascade, is recruited to damaged mitochondria via ubiquitin binding downstream of Parkin. RABGEF1 directs the downstream Rab proteins, RAB5 and RAB7A, to damaged mitochondria, whose associations are further regulated by mitochondrial Rab-GAPs. Furthermore, depletion of RAB7A inhibited ATG9A vesicle assembly and subsequent encapsulation of the mitochondria by autophagic membranes. These results strongly suggest that endosomal Rab cycles on damaged mitochondria are a crucial regulator of mitophagy through assembling ATG9A vesicles.
Tubulogenesis is essential for the formation and function of internal organs. One such organ is the trachea, which allows gas exchange between the external environment and the lungs. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tracheal tube development remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the potassium channel KCNJ13 is a critical modulator of tracheal tubulogenesis. We identify Kcnj13 in an ethylnitrosourea forward genetic screen for regulators of mouse respiratory organ development. Kcnj13 mutants exhibit a shorter trachea as well as defective smooth muscle (SM) cell alignment and polarity. KCNJ13 is essential to maintain ion homeostasis in tracheal SM cells, which is required for actin polymerization. This process appears to be mediated, at least in part, through activation of the actin regulator AKT, as pharmacological increase of AKT phosphorylation ameliorates the Kcnj13-mutant trachea phenotypes. These results provide insight into the role of ion homeostasis in cytoskeletal organization during tubulogenesis.
Determining the age of juvenile blow flies is one of the key tasks of forensic entomology when providing evidence for the minimum post mortem interval. While the age determination of blow fly larvae is well established using morphological parameters, the current study focuses on molecular methods for estimating the age of blow flies during the metamorphosis in the pupal stage, which lasts about half the total juvenile development. It has already been demonstrated in several studies that the intraspecific variance in expression of so far used genes in blow flies is often too high to assign a certain expression level to a distinct age, leading to an inaccurate prediction. To overcome this problem, we previously identified new markers, which show a very sharp age dependent expression course during pupal development of the forensically-important blow fly Calliphora vicina Robineau–Desvoidy 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by analyzing massive parallel sequencing (MPS) generated transcriptome data. We initially designed and validated two quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays for each of 15 defined pupal ages representing a daily progress during the total pupal development if grown at 17 °C. We also investigated whether the performance of these assays is affected by the ambient temperature, when rearing pupae of C. vicina at three different constant temperatures—namely 17 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C. A temperature dependency of the performance could not be observed, except for one marker. Hence, for each of the defined development landmarks, we can present gene expression profiles of one to two markers defining the mentioned progress in development.
Objective: Area postrema (AP) syndrome (defined as: nausea and/or emesis and/or singultus at onset of brainstem dysfunction) comprises complex pathophysiologic mechanisms triggered by different entities. The first objective was to assess the frequency of AP syndrome as a clinical feature in brainstem encephalitis (BE). Finding an especially high prevalence of AP syndrome in Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE), we also analyzed the frequency of AP syndrome in other autoimmune diseases with anti‐ganglioside antibodies (Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and its variants).
Methods: We systematically evaluated the prevalence of AP syndrome in BE in all patients treated at our university hospital during a 15‐year period. In a second step, BBE patients were compared to GBS and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) patients as clinical subtypes of a disease continuum without brainstem dysfunction.
Results: We found AP syndrome in 8 of 21 BE patients, including 3 of 7 BBE and in 4 of 112 GBS/MFS patients. AP syndrome was as a frequent but under‐recognized feature of BE with a significant impact on patients’ well being.
Interpretation: Manifestation of AP syndrome in BBE but also in GBS and its subtypes point toward a role of autoimmune antibodies that should be investigated in future studies. Considerable misdiagnosis or nonrecognition complicates diagnostic and therapeutic management. Therefore, AP syndrome should be considered in any episode of otherwise unexplained nausea, emesis, or singultus.
Despite multidisciplinary local and systemic therapeutic approaches, the prognosis for most patients with brain metastases is still dismal. The role of adaptive and innate anti-tumor response including the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) machinery of antigen presentation is still unclear. We present data on the HLA class II-chaperone molecule CD74 in brain metastases and its impact on the HLA peptidome complexity.
We analyzed CD74 and HLA class II expression on tumor cells in a subset of 236 human brain metastases, primary tumors and peripheral metastases of different entities in association with clinical data including overall survival. Additionally, we assessed whole DNA methylome profiles including CD74 promoter methylation and differential methylation in 21 brain metastases. We analyzed the effects of a siRNA mediated CD74 knockdown on HLA-expression and HLA peptidome composition in a brain metastatic melanoma cell line.
We observed that CD74 expression on tumor cells is a strong positive prognostic marker in brain metastasis patients and positively associated with tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs). Whole DNA methylome analysis suggested that CD74 tumor cell expression might be regulated epigenetically via CD74 promoter methylation. CD74high and TILhigh tumors displayed a differential DNA methylation pattern with highest enrichment scores for antigen processing and presentation. Furthermore, CD74 knockdown in vitro lead to a reduction of HLA class II peptidome complexity, while HLA class I peptidome remained unaffected.
In summary, our results demonstrate that a functional HLA class II processing machinery in brain metastatic tumor cells, reflected by a high expression of CD74 and a complex tumor cell HLA peptidome, seems to be crucial for better patient prognosis.
Background: The MRI Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon recommends that a breast MRI proto-col contain T2-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI sequences. The addition of diffusion-weighted imag-ing (DWI) significantly improves diagnostic accuracy. This study aims to clarify which descriptors from DCE-MRI, DWI, andT2-weighted imaging are most strongly associated with a breast cancer diagnosis.Purpose/Hypothesis: To develop a multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) model for breast cancer diagnosis incorporating Ameri-can College of Radiology (ACR) BI-RADS recommended descriptors for breast MRI with DCE, T2-weighted imaging, andDWI with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping.Study Type: Retrospective.Subjects: In all, 188 patients (mean 51.6 years) with 210 breast tumors (136 malignant and 74 benign) who underwentmpMRI from December 2010 to September 2014.Field Strength/Sequence: IR inversion recovert DCE-MRI dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging VIBEVolume-Interpolated-Breathhold-Examination FLASH turbo fast-low-angle-shot TWIST Time-resolved angiography withstochastic Trajectories.Assessment: Two radiologists in consensus and another radiologist independently evaluated the mpMRI data. Charac-teristics for mass (n = 182) and nonmass (n = 28) lesions were recorded on DCE and T2-weighted imaging accordingto BI-RADS, as well as DWI descriptors. Two separate models were analyzed, using DCE-MRI BI-RADS descriptors, T2-weighted imagines, and ADCmean as either a continuous or binary form using a previously published ADC cutoffvalue of ≤1.25 × 10−3mm2/sec for differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. Histopathology was the stan-dard of reference.Statistical Tests: χ2test, Fisher’s exact test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis, Hosmer–Lemeshow test of goodness-of-fit, receiver operating characteristics analysis.Results: In Model 1, ADCmean (P = 0.0031), mass margins with DCE (P = 0.0016), and delayed enhancement with DCE(P = 0.0016) were significantly and independently associated with breast cancer diagnosis; Model 2 identified ADCmean(P = 0.0031), mass margins with DCE (P = 0.0012), initial enhancement (P = 0.0422), and delayed enhancement with DCE(P = 0.0065) to be significantly independently associated with breast cancer diagnosis. T2-weighted imaging variables werenot included in the final models