Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (330)
- Preprint (31)
- Doctoral Thesis (19)
- Part of a Book (2)
- Conference Proceeding (2)
Language
- English (384) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (384)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (384)
Keywords
- Invasive species (10)
- Biodiversity (9)
- Biogeography (9)
- taxonomy (8)
- Thailand (5)
- phylogeny (5)
- Community ecology (4)
- Ecological modelling (4)
- Ecology (4)
- Giraffa (4)
- Phylogeny (4)
- forensic entomology (4)
- systematics (4)
- Antarctica (3)
- Anura (3)
- Ascomycota (3)
- Asian bush mosquito (3)
- Birds (3)
- Conservation biology (3)
- Crustacea (3)
- DNA barcoding (3)
- Ecological speciation (3)
- Evolution (3)
- Fungi (3)
- Hybridization (3)
- Marine biology (3)
- Mollusca (3)
- Oxidative stress (3)
- Positive selection (3)
- Southern Ocean (3)
- Species distribution modelling (3)
- West Africa (3)
- adaptation (3)
- biodiversity (3)
- biogeography (3)
- climate change (3)
- conservation (3)
- evolution (3)
- fungi (3)
- genomics (3)
- global change (3)
- host specificity (3)
- hybridization (3)
- new species (3)
- new taxa (3)
- phylogenomics (3)
- speciation (3)
- Adaptation (2)
- Animal personality (2)
- Apomixis (2)
- Asian tiger mosquito (2)
- Basidiomycetes (2)
- Basidiomycota (2)
- COI (2)
- COII (2)
- Canis lupus (2)
- Central America (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Comparative genomics (2)
- East Africa (2)
- Ecological networks (2)
- Ecosystem services (2)
- Endocrine disruption (2)
- Environmental sciences (2)
- Europe (2)
- Evolutionary ecology (2)
- Freshwater ecology (2)
- Gene flow (2)
- Genetics (2)
- German people (2)
- Human well-being (2)
- Introgression (2)
- Invertebrates (2)
- Life-history evolution (2)
- Local adaptation (2)
- Malpighiales (2)
- Mammals (2)
- NTFPs (2)
- Phylogenetics (2)
- Poecilia (2)
- Polymers (2)
- Population genomics (2)
- Potamopyrgus antipodarum (2)
- Reptilia (2)
- Sequence alignment (2)
- Speciation (2)
- Squamata (2)
- Symbiosis (2)
- Taxonomy (2)
- Transcriptome (2)
- Trichoptera (2)
- Ursidae (2)
- WAF (2)
- Westafrika (2)
- bioacoustics (2)
- biospeleology (2)
- climate (2)
- community assembly (2)
- comparative genomics (2)
- dispersal (2)
- flow cytometry (2)
- gene flow (2)
- genetic diversity (2)
- giraffe (2)
- land use (2)
- low-dose effects (2)
- maladaptation (2)
- molecular identification (2)
- molecular phylogenetics (2)
- mtDNA (2)
- phylogenetic network (2)
- phylogenetic signal (2)
- phylogeography (2)
- population genetics (2)
- population structure (2)
- predator recognition (2)
- retrotransposition (2)
- runs of homozygosity (2)
- smut fungi (2)
- species distribution model (2)
- species richness (2)
- temperature (2)
- whole-genome sequencing (2)
- 10 new taxa (1)
- 16S barcodes (1)
- 16S mtDNA (1)
- 17a-ethinylestradiol (1)
- 2030 Agenda (1)
- AChE inhibition (1)
- AFLP (1)
- ANOSIM (1)
- Abundance (1)
- Acacia (1)
- Aculifera (1)
- Acute toxicity (1)
- Adaptive sequence evolution (1)
- Advanced treatment technologies (1)
- Aedes aegypti (1)
- Aedes albopictus (1)
- Aerosol (1)
- Afrique de l'Ouest (1)
- Afrique de l’Ouest (1)
- Afrotheria (1)
- Agaricales (1)
- Agaricomycotina (1)
- Agroecology (1)
- Agyriales (1)
- Aichi targets (1)
- Akaike information criterion (1)
- Alburnoides bipunctatus (1)
- Allopatric diversification (1)
- Altitudinal (1)
- Ameisen (1)
- Ameisenpflanzen (1)
- American crocodile (1)
- América Central (1)
- Anamorphic fungi (1)
- Androgen (1)
- Angolan giraffe (1)
- Anguillicoloides crassus (1)
- Animal behavior (1)
- Animal flight (1)
- Animal navigation (1)
- Animal phylogenetics (1)
- Animal replacement (1)
- Animal wings (1)
- Anisakid nematodes (1)
- Anisakidae (1)
- Antarctic parasites (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Aquatic invasion (1)
- Aquatic invertebrates (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Araneae (1)
- Araneomorphae (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic adaptation (1)
- Arctic fox (1)
- Artenrückgang (1)
- Assortative mating (1)
- Astaxanthin Synthase (1)
- Atakora mountain chain (1)
- Atelopus carbonerensis (1)
- Atelopus mucubajiensis (1)
- Atelopus tamaense (1)
- Australian marsupials (1)
- Autecology (1)
- Avian Clock gene (1)
- Axonal tracing (1)
- BMR (1)
- Baltic Sea (1)
- Baseline toxicity (1)
- Bathydraconinae (1)
- Batrachochytrium dentrobatidis (Bd) (1)
- Bayesian information criterion (1)
- Behavioral reaction norms (1)
- Behavioral specialization (1)
- Behavioral syndromes (1)
- Behavioral type (1)
- Benthos (1)
- Beta-diversity (1)
- Binoculars (1)
- BioFrankfurt (1)
- Biodiversity loss (1)
- Biodiversity tools and pipelines (1)
- Biodiversität (1)
- Biogeographical representativeness (1)
- Biogeographie (1)
- Biogeography of disease (1)
- Biologging (1)
- Biological invasion (1)
- Biomonitoring (1)
- Biotest (1)
- Bird flight (1)
- Bird physiology (1)
- Bisphenol A (1)
- Blech- und Metallwarenindustrie (1)
- Blow fly (1)
- Boidae (1)
- Botany (1)
- Botswana (1)
- Bottled water (1)
- Brassicales (1)
- Bromeliads (1)
- Bufonidae (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- C-value (1)
- C. grani (1)
- C. radiatus (1)
- C. wailesii (1)
- CAI-1 (1)
- CCD Camera (1)
- CSO (1)
- Caddisfly (1)
- Camera trapping (1)
- Canary Current (1)
- Canis lupus familiaris (1)
- Carbohydrate active enzymes (1)
- Carychium (1)
- Catalogs (1)
- Cave animal, ecotone (1)
- Cave fish (1)
- Cave-dwelling species (1)
- Centric diatom (1)
- Cephalic sensory organs (1)
- Cerebral nerves (1)
- Chaenodraco wilsoni (1)
- Champsocephalus gunnari (1)
- Channichthyidae (1)
- Chemical communication (1)
- Chemical contamination (1)
- Chemicals of emerging concern (1)
- Chicken (1)
- Chicken embryo (1)
- China (1)
- Chiquitano Dry Forest (1)
- Chironomidae (1)
- Chironomus piger (1)
- Chironomus riparius (1)
- Chiton (1)
- Chiwondo Beds (1)
- Chocó rainforest (1)
- Chorion (1)
- Chromosome number (1)
- Chrysomya chani (1)
- Chrysomya megacephala (1)
- Cladocera (1)
- Claims on land (1)
- Climate-change ecology (1)
- Climatic habitat suitability (1)
- Coccoidea (1)
- Codon models (1)
- Coevolution (1)
- Commercial pesticide preparations (1)
- Common ragweed (1)
- Communication center (1)
- Comparative Genomics (1)
- Conservation biogeography (1)
- Contact microradiography (1)
- Contracaecum (1)
- Core effectors (1)
- Core marking (1)
- Coscinodiscus concinnus (1)
- Cretaceous warming (1)
- Croatia (1)
- Crocodylus acutus (1)
- Crude oil (1)
- Cryptic diversity (1)
- Cryptic species (1)
- Cultivation (1)
- Cybertaxonomy (1)
- DNA-based taxonomy (1)
- Daily flight activity (1)
- Daphnia (1)
- Data management (1)
- Data sharing (1)
- Data standard (1)
- Data standards (1)
- Databases (1)
- Datenarchivierung (1)
- De novo assembly (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Demersal fish (1)
- Dentin (1)
- Dentition (1)
- Depth (1)
- Deutschland / Abwasserverordnung (1)
- Development (1)
- Developmental biology (1)
- Diferential delay equation (1)
- Diptera (1)
- Direkteinleiter (1)
- Discovery (1)
- Dispersal (1)
- Dispersant (1)
- Dissemination (1)
- Distribution (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Domatien (1)
- Domestic animals (1)
- Dothideomycetes (1)
- Downy mildew (1)
- Drought (1)
- Duganella (1)
- Dysgonomonas (1)
- EBV (1)
- Earthworms (1)
- Eastern boundary upwelling ecosystem (1)
- East–west divide (1)
- Ecological niche modeling (1)
- Economic botany (1)
- Ecosystem ecology (1)
- Ecosystem effects (1)
- Ecosystem integrity (1)
- Ecosystems (1)
- Ecotoxicological status class (1)
- Ectatosticta (1)
- Ectoparasites (1)
- Ecuador (1)
- Effector Genes (1)
- Einkommen (1)
- Eisen- (1)
- Elephants (1)
- Eltonian noise hypothesis (1)
- Emerging contaminants (ECs) (1)
- Endocrine disrupting chemical (1)
- Endogenous heat load (1)
- Energy (1)
- Energy reserves (1)
- England (1)
- Entyloma microsporum complex (1)
- Entyloma ranunculi-repentis complex (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Environmental microbiology (1)
- Environmental risk assessment (1)
- Environmental variables (1)
- Eocene; pit organs (1)
- Ephemeroptera (1)
- Ephippia (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Essential biodiversity variables (1)
- Estrogen receptor (1)
- Ethnobotany (1)
- Eutheria (1)
- Evaluation matrix (1)
- Evolutionary Biology (1)
- Evolutionary ecotoxicology (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Expression analysis (1)
- Extremophile teleosts (1)
- Fate (1)
- Fatty acid metabolism (1)
- Feeding behavior (1)
- Feeding types (1)
- Fish (1)
- Fisheries (1)
- Flora (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flowering phenology (1)
- Flowers (1)
- Food packaging (1)
- Food processing (1)
- Food-web (1)
- Forensic entomology (1)
- Forensic science (1)
- Forensics (1)
- Forest ecology (1)
- Forest resources (1)
- Fraßschaden (1)
- Freshwater (1)
- Fruit body (1)
- Fungal evolution (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium graminearum (1)
- GC content (1)
- GMYC (1)
- GPS collar (1)
- Gambusia (1)
- Gambusia affinis (1)
- Gambusia holbrooki (1)
- Gammarus fossarum (1)
- Gammarus roeselii (1)
- Ganoderic acids (1)
- Ganoderma lingzhi (1)
- Ganoderma lucidum (1)
- Ganodermataceae (1)
- Gastropoda (1)
- Gekkonidae (1)
- Generation time (1)
- Genetic variation (1)
- Genetic wildlife monitoring (1)
- Genome Assembly (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Gerlachea australis (1)
- Germany (1)
- Global (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Globaler Wandel (1)
- Glomosporiaceae (1)
- Gonad (1)
- Gonads (1)
- Gradient (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Growth rate (1)
- Gymnodraco acuticeps (1)
- Hair sampling (1)
- Hantavirus (1)
- Hatching experiments (1)
- Helicellinae (1)
- Hengduan Mountains (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- Himalaya (1)
- Hispaniola (1)
- Homing behavior (1)
- Hominins (1)
- Homo (1)
- Homo erectus (1)
- Homology (1)
- Host Jump (1)
- Host specificity (1)
- Humid Chaco (1)
- Hybridisation (1)
- Hydrogen sulfide (1)
- Hydromorphology (1)
- Hydrophyten (1)
- Hyperparasitism (1)
- Hypochilidae (1)
- Hyraxes (1)
- ICN (1)
- Identification (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Imidacloprid (1)
- Immune function (1)
- In vitro (1)
- In vitro assays (1)
- In vitro bioassay (1)
- Indirekteinleiter (1)
- Industrieabwasser (1)
- Integrative taxonomy (1)
- Intermediate host (1)
- Interspecific competition (1)
- Intraspecific divergence (1)
- Iridaceae (1)
- Iridoideae (1)
- JIP-test (1)
- Janthinobacterium (1)
- Kosmopoliten (1)
- LINE-1 (1)
- LTER (1)
- LVSPE (1)
- Laboratory (1)
- Lake Constance (1)
- Land invasion (1)
- Latrunculia (1)
- Leaf clearing (1)
- Lepidoptera (1)
- Lesser Antilles (1)
- Life cycle strategy (1)
- Ling-zhi (1)
- Lingzhi (1)
- Localized defecation (1)
- Long-term ecological monitoring (1)
- Long‐term ecosystem research (1)
- Low-copy nuclear gene (1)
- Lure sticks (1)
- Macrophysiology (1)
- Macropus (1)
- Malawi (1)
- Malawi Rift (1)
- Mammalian genomics (1)
- Marine biodiversity (1)
- Marine ecology (1)
- Marine ecosystems (1)
- Marine food webs (1)
- Marisa cornuarietis (1)
- Masculinization (1)
- Mate choice (1)
- Maxent (1)
- McDonald-Kreitman test (1)
- Mediation (1)
- Medicinal plants (1)
- Mediterranean (1)
- Messel Formation (1)
- Metabolic critical temperatures (1)
- Meteorology (1)
- Mexico (1)
- Micro CT (1)
- Microalgae (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbiota (1)
- Microplastic-biota interaction (1)
- Micropollutants (1)
- Microsatellites (1)
- Microthlaspi erraticum (1)
- Microtox (1)
- Middle Eastern biodiversity (1)
- MinION (1)
- Mitogenomics (1)
- Mittelmeerraum (1)
- Mixture risk assessment (1)
- Model complexity (1)
- Model of evolution (1)
- Molars (1)
- Molecular clock (1)
- Monographie (1)
- Moraea Mill. (1)
- Morphological traits (1)
- Morphometrics (1)
- Morphometry (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Mosquitofish (1)
- Multigeneration life-cycle test (1)
- Multiple stressors (1)
- Multixenobiotic resistance activity (1)
- Museum collections (1)
- Museum samples (1)
- Mushroom (1)
- Mutualismus (1)
- Myanmar (1)
- Myotis myotis (1)
- Myrmekophytie (1)
- NOAEC (1)
- Namibia (1)
- Nanoplastics (1)
- Natricidae (1)
- Natural product synthesis (1)
- Nature (1)
- Nature reserve (1)
- Naturschutz (1)
- Nealotus tripes (1)
- Neobiota (1)
- Neogobius melanostomus (1)
- Neomeniomorpha (1)
- Neopagetopsis ionah (1)
- Neotropical fungi (1)
- Neotropics (1)
- Neozoan (1)
- Neutron Computed Tomography (1)
- Neutron Imaging (1)
- Neutron Radiography (1)
- New species (1)
- Nf2 (1)
- Niche differentiation (1)
- Nicht-Holz-Waldprodukte (1)
- Nichtholzprodukte (1)
- Non-invasive sampling (1)
- Non-target analysis (1)
- Noninvasive genetic sampling (1)
- Normative dimension (1)
- North Sea (1)
- Notoryctes (1)
- Nucella lapillus (1)
- Nutzwert (1)
- Oaks (1)
- Obligate biotroph (1)
- Observation (1)
- Olpidiopsis (1)
- Oomycetes (1)
- Oomycota (1)
- Opisthobranchia (1)
- Orangutans (1)
- Orchideen (1)
- Ostropomycetidae (1)
- Ovary (1)
- Overcompensation (1)
- Oyster farming (1)
- Oysters (1)
- PFNL (1)
- PFNLx (1)
- PTP (1)
- Pagetopsis macropterus (1)
- Palaeontology (1)
- Paleobiology (1)
- Paleoclimate (1)
- Paleontology (1)
- Panama (1)
- Panpulmonata (1)
- Panthera onca (1)
- Papierindustrie (1)
- Parachaenichthys charcoti (1)
- Paraguay (1)
- Parameter space (1)
- Paranthropus (1)
- Parasite genetics (1)
- Parasite infection (1)
- Parasites (1)
- Parasitic infection (1)
- Particulate matter (1)
- Pathosystem (1)
- Peracarida (1)
- Peracarids (1)
- Peronospora belbahrii (1)
- Peronospora lamii (1)
- Peronospora salviae-officinalis (1)
- Personality (1)
- Personality differences (1)
- Personality traits (1)
- Pertusaria (1)
- Pertusariales (1)
- Pflanzenameisen (1)
- Pflanzengeografie (1)
- Pflanzensoziologie (1)
- Phenotype (1)
- Photorhabdus (1)
- Phylloscopidae (1)
- Phylloscopus (1)
- Phylogenetic analysis (1)
- Phylogenomics (1)
- Phylogeography (1)
- Physiological parameters (1)
- Phytohormones (1)
- Pigeons (1)
- Plant collections (1)
- Plant pathogen (1)
- Plastic bottles (1)
- Plastic packaging (1)
- Plecoptera (1)
- Pleistocene glaciations (1)
- Pleistocene populations (1)
- Pliocene (1)
- Pliocene–Pleistocene (1)
- Ploidy (1)
- Poecilia mexicana (1)
- Poeciliidae (1)
- Pollutants (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polypedates (1)
- Polyplacophora (1)
- Polyploidy (1)
- Polyporales (1)
- Pongo (1)
- Pontisma (1)
- Pool-Seq (1)
- Population continuity (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Population genetics (1)
- Population size (1)
- Positive Selection (1)
- Postglacial colonization (1)
- Potentilla (1)
- Predator–prey interaction (1)
- Predictability (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Premating isolation (1)
- Promoters (1)
- Protracted speciation (1)
- Pseudochaenichthys georgianus (1)
- Pseudoterranova (1)
- Public health (1)
- Puumala virus (1)
- QSARs (1)
- RNA sequencing (1)
- Racovitzia glacialis (1)
- Rain (1)
- Ranunculaceae (1)
- Rapid evolution (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Rearing temperature (1)
- Red fox (1)
- Reishi (1)
- Relative importance index (1)
- Relic area (1)
- Reproduction (1)
- Reproduction mode (1)
- Reproductive isolation (1)
- Reproductive potential (1)
- Research infrastructure (1)
- Resource competition (1)
- Retrotransposon (1)
- Revision (1)
- Risk drivers (1)
- Risk metrics (risk quotients, toxic units, hazard units) (1)
- River pollution (1)
- Rodent-associated infections (1)
- Roosting place (1)
- Rosaceae (1)
- Rotenone (1)
- Ruderalarten (1)
- RxLR effectors (1)
- SINE (1)
- SNP (1)
- SNP genotyping (1)
- SPAD (1)
- STACEY (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Sap flow (1)
- Saprolegnia (1)
- Savanne (1)
- Schmierläuse (1)
- Science–society interactions (1)
- Seasonal fluctuation (1)
- Seasonal trend decomposition (1)
- Seasons (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Segetalarten (1)
- Seicercus (1)
- Sensitivity (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Serranía de Tabasará (1)
- Serranía de Talamanca (1)
- Sex differentiation (1)
- Sex reversal (1)
- Sexual selection (1)
- Sibling species (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Sint Maarten (1)
- Site networks (1)
- Smut Fungi (1)
- Socio-cultural factors (1)
- Socio-ecology (1)
- Solenidae (1)
- Sources (1)
- South African giraffe (1)
- Southeast Asia (1)
- Spatio-temporal patterns (1)
- Species composition (1)
- Species diversity (1)
- Species extinction (1)
- Species identification (1)
- Spinturnix myoti (1)
- Sponges (1)
- Stage-structured model (1)
- StagePop (1)
- Stewardship (1)
- Stewardship and dissemination (1)
- Substitute (1)
- Subterranean environment (1)
- Subtropical East-Atlantic (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Suspended solids (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainability research (1)
- Svalbard (1)
- Swimming (1)
- Symbiose (1)
- Südostasien (1)
- Target screening (1)
- Tasmanian devil (1)
- Taxonomie (1)
- Taxonomy crisis (1)
- Teeth (1)
- Temporal variation (1)
- Territorial songs (1)
- Testis (1)
- Testosterone (1)
- The D-statistic (1)
- Thecadactylus (1)
- Thermal desorption GC–MS (1)
- Thermal pollution (1)
- Therophyten (1)
- Tiger mosquito (1)
- Tools and pipelines (1)
- Tooth wear (1)
- Tortoise beetles (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxizität (1)
- Traditional medicine (1)
- Transposable elements (1)
- Trichiurus lepturus (1)
- Triterpenic acids (1)
- Tuber aestivum (1)
- U2-OS (1)
- Urban ecology (1)
- Urodela (1)
- Ursus arctos (1)
- Usefulness (1)
- Ustilaginaceae (1)
- Ustilaginomycotina (1)
- Vector (1)
- Vector borne diseases (1)
- Vector mosquito (1)
- Vectorpathogen-host (1)
- Vein density (1)
- Vein networks (1)
- Vulpes lagopus (1)
- Vulpes vulpes (1)
- Wald als Lebensgrundlage (1)
- Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents (1)
- Water Framework Directive (1)
- Water chemistry (1)
- Water relations (1)
- Weddell Sea (1)
- Whales (1)
- White-rot (1)
- Whole Effluent Assessment (1)
- Whole-genome sequencing (1)
- Wide-scope chemical target screening (1)
- Wing morphometry (1)
- Wirbellose (1)
- Wirtspflanzen (1)
- Wolbachia (1)
- Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (1)
- Xenoestrogens (1)
- Yeast estrogen screen (1)
- Yellow fever mosquito (1)
- ZF-L (1)
- Zahn-Wellens test (1)
- Zahn-Wellens-Test (1)
- Zeigerwerte (1)
- Zoology (1)
- Zospeum (1)
- aboveground biomass (1)
- abundance (1)
- acclimation (1)
- activity sensors (1)
- air pressure (1)
- aliment sauvage (1)
- allozymes (1)
- alteración por descarga (1)
- ames fluctuation assay (1)
- amplexus (1)
- amplicon sequencing (1)
- aniline blue (1)
- ant-plants (1)
- antipredator behavior (1)
- aposematism (1)
- archeological modeling (1)
- archivage des données (1)
- asexual fungi (1)
- assembly (1)
- automated conservation assessment (1)
- avian magnetic compass (1)
- bacterial communities (1)
- bacterium-fungus interaction (1)
- barrier loci (1)
- basal oomycetes (1)
- bears (1)
- bioassay (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biodiversity education (1)
- biodiversity hotspots (1)
- biodiversity network (1)
- biodiversity networks (1)
- biodiversity research (1)
- biogeographic legaciese (1)
- biological archives (1)
- biome (1)
- biosynthetic gene clusters (1)
- bisphenol A (1)
- blow flies (1)
- blow fly (1)
- boreotropics (1)
- bottleneck (1)
- brassicaceae (1)
- bromeliads (1)
- brown bear (1)
- caddisflies (1)
- calentamiento climático (1)
- cancer (1)
- cancer-associated fibroblasts (1)
- candidate genes (1)
- carbon-13 (1)
- cave-dwelling species (1)
- caves (1)
- chloroplast capture (1)
- chromium de novo assembly (1)
- chromosomal aberrations (1)
- chromosome number (1)
- chronosequence (1)
- citation index (1)
- climate warming (1)
- clumped isotopes (1)
- coalescence (1)
- cold tolerance (1)
- coloration (1)
- coluteocarpeae (1)
- community composition (1)
- community ecology (1)
- community-weighted mean (1)
- compaction (1)
- confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- connaissances écologiques traditionnelles (1)
- continental drift (1)
- control region (1)
- convergent evolution (1)
- cosmopolitan (1)
- cosmopolite (1)
- costs (1)
- cpDNA (1)
- crude oil (1)
- cryptic species (1)
- cryptochrome 1a (1)
- cuticular hydrocarbons (1)
- cytochrome oxidase (1)
- data archiving (1)
- data integration (1)
- data pruning (1)
- dataset (1)
- deadwood experiments (1)
- declinación rápida de abundancia (1)
- decline (1)
- deep-sea sponge (1)
- demographic inference (1)
- demography (1)
- dental morphology (1)
- desaturase (1)
- developmental temperature (1)
- diagenesis (1)
- diatom parasites (1)
- differentially expressed genes (1)
- digital age determination (1)
- discharge alteration (1)
- discorhabdin (1)
- disequilibrium (1)
- distribution pattern (1)
- diversidad de especies (1)
- diversity metrics (1)
- diversity of species (1)
- domatia (1)
- données écologiques (1)
- dynamic temperature (1)
- déclin d’espèce revenu (1)
- dépendance des forêts (1)
- early fire (1)
- ecological data (1)
- ecological niche modelling (1)
- ecological speciation (1)
- ecological versatility (1)
- ecotoxicology (1)
- ectotherm (1)
- education (1)
- elongase (1)
- enamel (1)
- enamel thickness (1)
- endocrine disrupting chemicals (1)
- endocrine disruption (1)
- endocrine disruptor (1)
- environmental DNA (1)
- environmental conditions (1)
- environmental factors (1)
- environmental niche (1)
- environmental variables (1)
- epiphytism (1)
- espèces rudérales (1)
- espèces ségétales (1)
- essbare Wildpflanzen (1)
- estradiol equivalents (1)
- eutroglobiont gastropod (1)
- evolutionary biology (1)
- evolutionary history (1)
- feeding (1)
- female choice (1)
- fin whales (1)
- fish bones (1)
- fitness (1)
- fixed average (1)
- flavin redox cycle (1)
- flesh flies (1)
- food quality (1)
- forensics (1)
- forest classification (1)
- forest dependency (1)
- forest functional similarity (1)
- forest management (1)
- forest tree (1)
- formicine (1)
- freeze avoidance (1)
- freshwater (1)
- freshwater ecology (1)
- freshwater ecosystems (1)
- fruit body (1)
- functional traits (1)
- gene sequence data (1)
- gene signature (1)
- gene-flow (1)
- generalized additive model (1)
- genetic differentiation (1)
- genome analysis (1)
- genomic base composition (1)
- genotoxicity (1)
- geographic distributions (1)
- geomorphology (1)
- global climate change (1)
- habitat destruction (1)
- habitat filter (1)
- hardwood (1)
- hazard assessment (1)
- hidden speciation (1)
- high throughput (1)
- hind-casting (1)
- historical biogeography (1)
- holocarpic oomycetes (1)
- hominin adaptation (1)
- human evolution (1)
- human exposure (1)
- human pathogenic Nematoda (1)
- human–environment interaction (1)
- humidity (1)
- hybrid assembly (1)
- hybrid enrichment (1)
- hydrogen sulfide (1)
- hydrophytes (1)
- ice age refugia (1)
- ice coverage (1)
- impact factor (1)
- imposex (1)
- in vitro effects (1)
- income (1)
- incomplete lineage sorting (1)
- indicator values (1)
- indirect discharger (1)
- individual identification (1)
- industrial effluents (1)
- infrared (1)
- insect (1)
- insect abundance (1)
- internal transcribed spacer (1)
- internal transcribed spacer rDNA (1)
- introgression (1)
- introgressive hybridization (1)
- invasion risk assessment (1)
- invasive fish (1)
- kangaroo (1)
- land bridges (1)
- land cover changes (1)
- land degradation (1)
- land snails (1)
- landscape structure (1)
- large carnivores (1)
- larva (1)
- larval morphology, identification (1)
- latitudinal gradient in species richness (1)
- lichen secondary metabolites (1)
- lichen-forming fungi (1)
- life cycle (1)
- life stage association (1)
- life-cycle (1)
- life-form (1)
- light-activation (1)
- livelihood (1)
- local adaptation (1)
- long-term observations (1)
- long-term research (1)
- lowland tropical forest (1)
- ländliche Einkommen (1)
- ländliche Entwicklung (1)
- macrohabitat (1)
- magnesium transporters (1)
- mammals (1)
- mammary carcinoma (1)
- marine invertebrates (1)
- marsupial phylogeny (1)
- marsupials (1)
- mate choice (1)
- mating type (1)
- mayflies (1)
- melanization (1)
- metabolic pathways (1)
- metamorphosis (1)
- micro-CT (1)
- microbiome (1)
- microgastropoda (1)
- microgastropods (1)
- micromorphology (1)
- micronucleus (1)
- micronucleus assay (1)
- microsatellites (1)
- microthlaspi (1)
- mineral water (1)
- mineralized tissues (1)
- mobility (1)
- molecular barcoding (1)
- molecular clock (1)
- molecular docking (1)
- molecular networking (1)
- molecular phylogeny (1)
- molecular species discrimination (1)
- molecular systematics (1)
- monitoring (1)
- morphology (1)
- multi-locus analyses (1)
- multigene analyses (1)
- multigene phylogeny (1)
- multilocus genotype (1)
- multiple stressors (1)
- multispecies coalescent (1)
- multivariate mixed model (1)
- museum collections (1)
- mutational load (1)
- mutational spectrum bias (1)
- mutualism (1)
- myrmecophytes (1)
- nature museums (1)
- near-natural (1)
- neotype (1)
- network analysis (1)
- neutron microtomography (1)
- new combinations (1)
- new primers (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- next-generation sequencing (1)
- nextgeneration sequencing (1)
- noccaea (1)
- noise (1)
- nomenclature (1)
- non-independent mate choice (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- non-timber forest products (1)
- noninvasive species (1)
- oakmoss (1)
- observaciones a largo plazo (1)
- occlusal fingerprint analysis (1)
- off-target reads (1)
- open science (1)
- orchid (1)
- orchidée (1)
- original species description (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxygen-18 (1)
- palaeoecology (1)
- paleoanthropology (1)
- paleoclimate modeling (1)
- paleodiet (1)
- paleoecology (1)
- paleoenvironment modeling (1)
- paleoenvironment reconstruction (1)
- personality (1)
- phylogenetic community distance (1)
- phylogenetic conflict (1)
- phylogenetic diversity (1)
- phytodiversity (1)
- phytogeography (1)
- phytogéographie (1)
- phytosociologie (1)
- phytosociology (1)
- plant species distributions (1)
- plant-ants (1)
- plant-microbe interactions (1)
- plastic response (1)
- plastome (1)
- pleomorphic fungi (1)
- ploidy (1)
- polyketide synthases (1)
- polyploidy (1)
- polytomy (1)
- population density (1)
- population genomics (1)
- population growth (1)
- populations rurales pauvres (1)
- portable fluorimeter (1)
- positive selection (1)
- postglacial recolonization (1)
- potential invasion area (1)
- predator avoidance (1)
- primate evolution (1)
- prioritization (1)
- produits forestiers non ligneux (1)
- prosobranchia (1)
- protected areas (1)
- protected names (1)
- public awareness (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quality control (1)
- quantitative shell variation (1)
- quorum sensing (1)
- radical pairs (1)
- random genetic drift (1)
- range size (1)
- rapid abundance decline (1)
- razor clams (1)
- re-description (1)
- reassembly (1)
- recolonization (1)
- red algae (1)
- refined fuels (1)
- regurgitation pellets (1)
- reintroduction (1)
- rejected names (1)
- relationships (1)
- repeatability (1)
- reproductive isolation (1)
- reproductive toxicity (1)
- reserve substance (1)
- resilience (1)
- resistance (1)
- ressources de base (1)
- retrotransposons (1)
- revenu rural (1)
- review (1)
- ruderal species (1)
- rural income (1)
- rural poor (1)
- salinity (1)
- savane (1)
- savanna ecosystem (1)
- scientific communication (1)
- sea-ice meiofauna (1)
- seafood allergy (1)
- segetal species (1)
- sex ratio (1)
- sexual ornament (1)
- shell eyes (1)
- shell variability (1)
- short read assembly (1)
- six new taxa (1)
- smut fung (1)
- soil VOCs (1)
- soil bacteria communities (1)
- soil degradation (1)
- soil fungal communities (1)
- soil temperature (1)
- song evolution (1)
- southern Africa (1)
- spatio-temporal analysis (1)
- spatio-temporal evolution (1)
- species complex (1)
- species decline (1)
- species delineation (1)
- species discrimination (1)
- species distribution modelling (1)
- species distribution models (1)
- species groups (1)
- species inventory (1)
- species tree (1)
- specific average (1)
- split decomposition (1)
- stoneflies (1)
- stream macroinvertebrates (1)
- subgenera (1)
- substituts (1)
- subterranean land snail (1)
- sudano-sahelien zone (1)
- superfemale (1)
- sustainability (1)
- systematic diversity (1)
- systems knowledge (1)
- taphonom (1)
- taphonomy (1)
- target knowledge (1)
- taxon sampling (1)
- taxonomic impediment (1)
- taxonomía (1)
- temperature adaptation (1)
- terpene synthases (1)
- the Weddell Sea (1)
- therophytes (1)
- thlaspi (1)
- threats (1)
- thérophytes (1)
- traditional ecological knowledge (1)
- traditionelles ökologisches Wissen (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transcriptional profiling (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transdisciplinarity (1)
- transfer (1)
- transformation knowledge (1)
- transposable element (1)
- transposable elements (1)
- tree moss (1)
- trees (1)
- tributyltin (1)
- tropical Africa (1)
- tropical forests (1)
- tropical fungi (1)
- trypan blue (1)
- type species (1)
- under-ice fauna (1)
- unit nomenclature (1)
- urbanity gradient (1)
- urbanization (1)
- use value (1)
- valeur d'usage (1)
- valeurs indicatrices (1)
- variable selection (1)
- violacein (1)
- vocalización (1)
- vocalization (1)
- volatile organic compounds (1)
- voucherless taxa (1)
- water parameter (1)
- wax layer (1)
- whaling (1)
- wild food (1)
- winter survival (1)
- wood-inhabiting fungi (1)
- worm-mollusc (1)
- xenoestrogen (1)
- zooplankton (1)
- ökologische Daten (1)
Institute
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität (384)
- Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (201)
- Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F) (129)
- Biowissenschaften (93)
- Medizin (13)
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Afrikaforschung (ZIAF) (9)
- Geowissenschaften (6)
- LOEWE-Schwerpunkt für Integrative Pilzforschung (5)
- Institut für sozial-ökologische Forschung (ISOE) (3)
- Exzellenzcluster Makromolekulare Komplexe (2)
In recent years, interest in the environmental occurrence and effects of microplastics (MPs) has shifted towards our inland waters, and in this chapter we provide an overview of the issues that may be of concern for freshwater environments. The term ‘contaminant of emerging concern’ does not only apply to chemical pollutants but to MPs as well because it has been detected ubiquitously in freshwater systems. The environmental release of MPs will occur from a wide variety of sources, including emissions from wastewater treatment plants and from the degradation of larger plastic debris items. Due to the chemical makeup of plastic materials, receiving environments are potentially exposed to a mixture of micro- and nano-sized particles, leached additives, and subsequent degradation products, which will become bioavailable for a range of biota. The ingestion of MPs by aquatic organisms has been demonstrated, but the long-term effects of continuous exposures are less well understood. Technological developments and changes in demographics will influence the types of MPs and environmental concentrations in the future, and it will be important to develop approaches to mitigate the input of synthetic polymers to freshwater ecosystems.
The Cueva del Azufre in Tabasco, Mexico, is a nutrient-rich cave and its inhabitants need to cope with high levels of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and extreme hypoxia. One of the successful colonizers of this cave is the poeciliid fish Poecilia mexicana, which has received considerable attention as a model organism to examine evolutionary adaptations to extreme environmental conditions. Nonetheless, basic ecological data on the endemic cave molly population are still missing; here we aim to provide data on population densities, size class compositions and use of different microhabitats. We found high overall densities in the cave and highest densities at the middle part of the cave with more than 200 individuals per square meter. These sites have lower H2S concentrations compared to the inner parts where most large sulfide sources are located, but they are annually exposed to a religious harvesting ceremony of local Zoque people called La Pesca. We found a marked shift in size/age compositions towards an overabundance of smaller, juvenile fish at those sites. We discuss these findings in relation to several environmental gradients within the cave (i.e., differences in toxicity and lighting conditions), but we also tentatively argue that the annual fish harvest during a religious ceremony (La Pesca) locally diminishes competition (and possibly, cannibalism by large adults), which is followed by a phase of overcompensation of fish densities.
Eastern boundary upwelling provides the conditions for high marine productivity in the Canary Current System off NW-Africa. Despite its considerable importance to fisheries, knowledge on this marine ecosystem is only limited. Here, parasites were used as indicators to gain insight into the host ecology and food web of two pelagic fish species, the commercially important species Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758, and Nealotus tripes Johnson, 1865. Fish specimens of T. lepturus (n = 104) and N. tripes (n = 91), sampled from the Canary Current System off the Senegalese coast and Cape Verde Islands, were examined, collecting data on their biometrics, diet and parasitisation. In this study, the first parasitological data on N. tripes are presented. T. lepturus mainly preyed on small pelagic Crustacea and the diet of N. tripes was dominated by small mesopelagic Teleostei. Both host species were infested by mostly generalist parasites. The parasite fauna of T. lepturus consisted of at least nine different species belonging to six taxonomic groups, with a less diverse fauna of ectoparasites and cestodes in comparison to studies in other coastal ecosystems (Brazil Current and Kuriosho Current). The zoonotic nematode Anisakis pegreffii occurred in 23% of the samples and could pose a risk regarding food safety. The parasite fauna of N. tripes was composed of at least thirteen species from seven different taxonomic groups. Its most common parasites were digenean ovigerous metacercariae, larval cestodes and a monogenean species (Diclidophoridae). The observed patterns of parasitisation in both host species indicate their trophic relationships and are typical for mesopredators from the subtropical epi- and mesopelagic. The parasite fauna, containing few dominant species with a high abundance, represents the typical species composition of an eastern boundary upwelling ecosystem.
Climate change affects ecosystems worldwide and is threatening biodiversity. Insects, as ectotherm organisms, are strongly dependent on the thermal environment. Yet, little is known about the effects of summer heat and drought on insect diversity. In the Mediterranean climate zone, a region strongly affected by climate change, hot summers might have severe effects on insect communities. Especially the larval stage might be sensitive to thermal variation, as larvae—compared to other life stages—cannot avoid hot temperatures and drought by dormancy. Here we ask, whether inter-annual fluctuations in Mediterranean moth diversity can be explained by temperature (TLarv) and precipitation during larval development (HLarv). To address our question, we analyzed moth communities of a Mediterranean coastal forest during the last 20 years. For species with summer-developing larvae, species richness was significantly negatively correlated with TLarv, while the community composition was affected by both, TLarv and HLarv. Therefore, summer-developing larvae seem particularly sensitive to climate change, as hot summers might exceed the larval temperature optima and drought reduces food plant quality. Increasing frequency and severity of temperature and drought extremes due to climate change, therefore, might amplify insect decline in the future.
Fungi are an important component of every ecosystem but hardly considered in biodiversity monitoring projects. This thesis aims at characterizing fungal diversity, with an emphasis on epigeous fungi, encompassing different biogeographic zones and points in time. A main sampling area was established in the Taunus mountain range in Germany, which was sampled monthly over three years.
For testing species richness on spatial scale, the Taunus transect was compared with four other areas, which were assessed with lower sampling effort. One of these areas was Bulau in Germany, in which four excursions were made. Furthermore, two sampling events were performed in Somiedo in Spain and one sampling event in Kleinwalsertal in Austria. Already existing data of a two-year monitoring project in Panama next to the river Majagua were additionally used for comparison.
All these areas were investigated with a standardized sampling protocol focusing on macroscopically evident fungi and vascular plants using a time-restricted transect design. The transects consisted of strips, which were 500 m long and about 20 m broad, and were sampled for 2 hours at each single sampling event....
The massive amount of genomic sequence data that is now available for analyzing evolutionary relationships among 31 placental mammals reduces the stochastic error in phylogenetic analyses to virtually zero. One would expect that this would make it possible to finally resolve controversial branches in the placental mammalian tree. We analyzed a 2,863,797 nucleotide-long alignment (3,364 genes) from 31 placental mammals for reconstructing their evolution. Most placental mammalian relationships were resolved, and a consensus of their evolution is emerging. However, certain branches remain difficult or virtually impossible to resolve. These branches are characterized by short divergence times in the order of 1-4 million years. Computer simulations based on parameters from the real data show that as little as about 12,500 amino acid sites could be sufficient to confidently resolve short branches as old as about 90 million years ago. Thus, the amount of sequence data should no longer be a limiting factor in resolving the relationships among placental mammals. The timing of the early radiation of placental mammals coincides with a period of climate warming some 100 - 80 million years ago and with continental fragmentation. These global processes may have triggered the rapid diversification of placental mammals. However, the rapid radiations of certain mammalian groups complicate phylogenetic analyses, possibly due to incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. These speciation-related processes led to a mosaic genome and conflicting phylogenetic signals. Split network methods are ideal for visualizing these problematic branches and can therefore depict data conflict and possibly the true evolutionary history better than strictly bifurcating trees. Given the timing of tectonics, of placental mammalian divergences, and the fossil record, a Laurasian rather than Gondwanan origin of placental mammals seems the most parsimonious explanation. Key words: continental drift , Cretaceous warming , genome analysis , hybridization , phylogenomics , split decomposition
Descent of testes from a position near the kidneys into the lower abdomen or into the scrotum is an important developmental process that occurs in all placental mammals, with the exception of five afrotherian lineages. Since soft-tissue structures like testes are not preserved in the fossil record and since key parts of the placental mammal phylogeny remain controversial, it has been debated whether testicular descent is the ancestral or derived condition in placental mammals. To resolve this debate, we used genomic data of 71 mammalian species and analyzed the evolution of two key genes (relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 [RXFP2] and insulin-like 3 [INSL3]) that induce the development of the gubernaculum, the ligament that is crucial for testicular descent. We show that both RXFP2 and INSL3 are lost or nonfunctional exclusively in four afrotherians (tenrec, cape elephant shrew, cape golden mole, and manatee) that completely lack testicular descent. The presence of remnants of once functional orthologs of both genes in these afrotherian species shows that these gene losses happened after the split from the placental mammal ancestor. These “molecular vestiges” provide strong evidence that testicular descent is the ancestral condition, irrespective of persisting phylogenetic discrepancies. Furthermore, the absence of shared gene-inactivating mutations and our estimates that the loss of RXFP2 happened at different time points strongly suggest that testicular descent was lost independently in Afrotheria. Our results provide a molecular mechanism that explains the loss of testicular descent in afrotherians and, more generally, highlight how molecular vestiges can provide insights into the evolution of soft-tissue characters.
The challenges posed by climate and land use change are increasingly complex, with ever-increasing and accelerating impacts on the global environmental system. The establishment of an internationally harmonized, integrated, and long-term operated environmental monitoring infrastructure is one of the major challenges of modern environmental research. Increased efforts are currently being made in Europe to establish such a harmonized pan-European observation infrastructure, and the European network of Long-Term Ecological Research sites – LTER-Europe – is of particular importance. By evaluating 477 formally accredited LTER-Europe sites, this study gives an overview of the current distribution of these infrastructures and the present condition of long-term environmental research in Europe. We compiled information on long-term biotic and abiotic observations and measurements and examined the representativeness in terms of continental biogeographical and socio-ecological gradients. The results were used to identify gaps in both measurements and coverage of the aforementioned gradients. Furthermore, an overview of the current state of the LTER-Europe observation strategies is given. The latter forms the basis for investigating the comparability of existing LTER-Europe monitoring concepts both in terms of observational design as well as in terms of the scope of the environmental compartments, variables and properties covered.
Background: Local adaptation to divergent environmental conditions can promote population genetic differentiation even in the absence of geographic barriers and hence, lead to speciation. Perturbations by catastrophic events, however, can distort such parapatric ecological speciation processes. Here, we asked whether an exceptionally strong flood led to homogenization of gene pools among locally adapted populations of the Atlantic molly (Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliidae) in the Cueva del Azufre system in southern Mexico, where two strong environmental selection factors (darkness within caves and/or presence of toxic H2S in sulfidic springs) drive the diversification of P. mexicana. Nine nuclear microsatellites as well as heritable female life history traits (both as a proxy for quantitative genetics and for trait divergence) were used as markers to compare genetic differentiation, genetic diversity, and especially population mixing (immigration and emigration) before and after the flood. Results: Habitat type (i.e., non-sulfidic surface, sulfidic surface, or sulfidic cave), but not geographic distance was the major predictor of genetic differentiation. Before and after the flood, each habitat type harbored a genetically distinct population. Only a weak signal of individual dislocation among ecologically divergent habitat types was uncovered (with the exception of slightly increased dislocation from the Cueva del Azufre into the sulfidic creek, El Azufre). By contrast, several lines of evidence are indicative of increased flood-induced dislocation within the same habitat type, e.g., between different cave chambers of the Cueva del Azufre. Conclusions: The virtual absence of individual dislocation among ecologically different habitat types indicates strong natural selection against migrants. Thus, our current study exemplifies that ecological speciation in this and other systems, in which extreme environmental factors drive speciation, may be little affected by temporary perturbations, as adaptations to physico-chemical stressors may directly affect the survival probability in divergent habitat types.
All giraffe (Giraffa) were previously assigned to a single species (G. camelopardalis) and nine subspecies. However, multi‐locus analyses of all subspecies have shown that there are four genetically distinct clades and suggest four giraffe species. This conclusion might not be fully accepted due to limited data and lack of explicit gene flow analyses. Here, we present an extended study based on 21 independent nuclear loci from 137 individuals. Explicit gene flow analyses identify less than one migrant per generation, including between the closely related northern and reticulated giraffe. Thus, gene flow analyses and population genetics of the extended dataset confirm four genetically distinct giraffe clades and support four independent giraffe species. The new findings support a revision of the IUCN classification of giraffe taxonomy. Three of the four species are threatened with extinction, and mostly occurring in politically unstable regions, and as such, require the highest conservation support possible.
All giraffe (Giraffa) were previously assigned to a single species (G. Camelopardalis) and nine subspecies. However, multi-locus analyses of all subspecies have shown that there are four genetically distinct clades and suggest four giraffe species. This conclusion might not be fully accepted due to limited data and lack of explicit gene flow analyses. Here we present an extended study based on 21 independent nuclear loci from 137 individuals. Explicit gene flow analyses identify less than one migrant per generation, including between the closely related northern and reticulated giraffe. Thus, gene flow analyses and population genetics of the extended dataset confirm four genetically distinct giraffe clades and support four independent giraffe species. The new findings call for a revision of the IUCN classification of giraffe taxonomy. Three of the four species are threatened with extinction, mostly occurring in politically unstable regions, and as such, require the highest conservation support possible.
Due to its remote and isolated location, Antarctica is home to a unique diversity of species. The harsh conditions have shaped a primarily highly adapted endemic fauna. This includes the notothenioid family Channichthyidae. Their exceptional physiological adaptations have made this family of icefish the focus of many studies. However, studies on their ecology, especially on their parasite fauna, are comparatively rare. Parasites, directly linked to the food chain, can function as biological indicators and provide valuable information on host ecology (e.g., trophic interactions) even in remote habitats with limited accessibility, such as the Southern Ocean. In the present study, channichthyid fish (Champsocephalus gunnari: n = 25, Chaenodraco wilsoni: n = 33, Neopagetopsis ionah: n = 3, Pagetopsis macropterus: n = 4, Pseudochaenichthys georgianus: n = 15) were collected off South Shetland Island, Elephant Island, and the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (CCAML statistical subarea 48.1). The parasite fauna consisted of 14 genera and 15 species, belonging to the six taxonomic groups including Digenea (four species), Nematoda (four), Cestoda (two), Acanthocephala (one), Hirudinea (three), and Copepoda (one). The stomach contents were less diverse with only Crustacea (Euphausiacea, Amphipoda) recovered from all examined fishes. Overall, 15 new parasite-host records could be established, and possibly a undescribed genotype or even species might exist among the nematodes.
The Radical Pair Model proposes that the avian magnetic compass is based on spin-chemical processes: since the ratio between the two spin states singlet and triplet of radical pairs depends on their alignment in the magnetic field, it can provide information on magnetic directions. Cryptochromes, blue light-absorbing flavoproteins, with flavin adenine dinucleotide as chromophore, are suggested as molecules forming the radical pairs underlying magnetoreception. When activated by light, cryptochromes undergo a redox cycle, in the course of which radical pairs are generated during photo-reduction as well as during light-independent re-oxidation. This raised the question as to which radical pair is crucial for mediating magnetic directions. Here, we present the results from behavioural experiments with intermittent light and magnetic field pulses that clearly show that magnetoreception is possible in the dark interval, pointing to the radical pair formed during flavin re-oxidation. This differs from the mechanism considered for cryptochrome signalling the presence of light and rules out most current models of an avian magnetic compass based on the radical pair generated during photo-reduction. Using the radical pair formed during re-oxidation may represent a specific adaptation of the avian magnetic compass.
Latitudinal and bathymetrical species richness patterns in the NW Pacific and adjacent Arctic Ocean
(2019)
Global scale analyses have recently revealed that the latitudinal gradient in marine species richness is bimodal, peaking at low-mid latitudes but with a dip at the equator; and that marine species richness decreases with depth in many taxa. However, these overall and independently studied patterns may conceal regional differences that help support or qualify the causes in these gradients. Here, we analysed both latitudinal and depth gradients of species richness in the NW Pacific and its adjacent Arctic Ocean. We analysed 324,916 distribution records of 17,414 species from 0 to 10,900 m depth, latitude 0 to 90°N, and longitude 100 to 180°N. Species richness per c. 50 000 km2 hexagonal cells was calculated as alpha (local average), gamma (regional total) and ES50 (estimated species for 50 records) per latitudinal band and depth interval. We found that average ES50 and gamma species richness decreased per 5° latitudinal bands and 100 m depth intervals. However, average ES50 per hexagon showed that the highest species richness peaked around depth 2,000 m where the highest total number of species recorded. Most (83%) species occurred in shallow depths (0 to 500 m). The area around Bohol Island in the Philippines had the highest alpha species richness (more than 8,000 species per 50,000 km2). Both alpha and gamma diversity trends increased from the equator to latitude 10°N, then further decreased, but reached another peak at higher latitudes. The latitudes 60–70°N had the lowest gamma and alpha diversity where there is almost no ocean in our study area. Model selection on Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) showed that the combined effects of all environmental predictors produced the best model driving species richness in both shallow and deep sea. The results thus support recent hypotheses that biodiversity, while highest in the tropics and coastal depths, is decreasing at the equator and decreases with depth below ~2000 m. While we do find the declines of species richness with latitude and depth that reflect temperature gradients, local scale richness proved poorly correlated with many environmental variables. This demonstrates that while regional scale patterns in species richness may be related to temperature, that local scale richness depends on a greater variety of variables.
Background: The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is an extremely invasive, globally distributed and medically important vector of various human and veterinary pathogens. In Germany, where this species was recently introduced, its establishment may become modulated by interspecific competition from autochthonous mosquito species, especially Culex pipiens (s.l.). While competitive superiority of Ae. albopictus to Cx. pipiens (s.l.) has been described elsewhere, it has not been assessed in the epidemiological conditions of Germany. The present study aimed to determine if such superiority exists under the physicochemical and microclimatic conditions typical for container habitats in Germany.
Methods: In a replacement series experiment, the larval and pupal responses of Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens (s.l.) (mortality, development time, growth) to interspecific interaction (five larval ratios) at (sub-)optimal temperatures (15, 20 and 25 °C) and differing food supply (3 and 6 mg animal-based food larva-1) were investigated using a randomized split-plot design. In addition to physicochemical measurements of the test media, natural physicochemical conditions were determined for comparative analyses in mosquito breeding sites across the Rhine-Main metropolitan region of Germany.
Results: Under the physicochemical and microclimatic conditions similar to the breeding sites of the Rhine-Main region, competitive superiority of Cx. pipiens (s.l.) to Ae. albopictus in terms of larval survival was more frequently observed than balanced coexistence. Food regime and multifactorial interactions, but not temperature alone, were controlling factors for interspecific competition. Larval food regime and the larval ratio of Ae. albopictus influenced the physicochemistry and algal growth at 15 °C, with increased Ae. albopictus mortality linked to a decreasing number of Scenedesmus, Oocystis and Anabaena algae.
Conclusions: Under the present environmental conditions, the spread of Ae. albopictus from isolated foci in Germany may generally be slowed by biotic interactions with the ubiquitous Cx. pipiens (s.l.) (and potentially other container-breeding mosquito species) and by limnic microalgae in microhabitats with high resource levels. Detailed knowledge of the context dependency in temperate mosquito ecology, and interrelations of physicochemistry and phycology may help to achieve a better understanding of the upcoming Ae. albopictus colonization processes in central and northern Europe.
Large-scale genetic census of an elusive carnivore, the European wildcat (Felis s. silvestris)
(2016)
The European wildcat, Felis silvestris silvestris, serves as a prominent target species for the reconnection of central European forest habitats. Monitoring of this species, however, appears difficult due to its elusive behaviour and the ease of confusion with domestic cats. Recently, evidence for multiple wildcat occurrences outside its known distribution has accumulated in several areas across Central Europe, questioning the validity of available distribution data for this species. Our aim was to assess the fine-scale distribution and genetic status of the wildcat in its central European distribution range. We compiled and analysed genetic samples from roadkills and hundreds of recent hair-trapping surveys and applied phylogenetic and genetic clustering methods to discriminate wild and domestic cats and identify population subdivision. 2220 individuals were confirmed as either wildcat (n = 1792) or domestic cat (n = 342), and the remaining 86 (3.9 %) were identified as hybrids between the two. Remarkably, genetic distinction of domestic cats, wildcats and their hybrids was only possible when taking into account the presence of two highly distinct genetic lineages of wildcats, with a suture zone in central Germany. 44 % of the individual wildcats where sampled outside the previously published distribution. Our analyses confirm a relatively continuous spatial presence of wildcats across large parts of the study area in contrast to previous analyses indicating a highly fragmented distribution. Our results suggest that wildcat conservation and management should take advantage of the higher than previously assumed dispersal potential of wildcats, which may use wildlife corridors very efficiently.
Understanding land cover degradation patterns and the effects of geomorphological units on phytodiversity is important for guiding management decisions and restoration strategies in the Sahelian vulnerables zones. This paper describes land cover degradation by combining Landsat TM image analysis and field data measurements in the Gourouol catchment of the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. Erdas Imagine 9.2 and Arc-GIS.10 were applied. The change patterns were obtained by superposing land cover maps for 1992 and 2010. The field data were collected by the mean of inventories according to the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological relevés methods. Plot sizes were 50 m x 20 m for woody species and 10 m x 10 m for herbaceous species. Six land cover types were identified and mapped: cultivated lands, bared lands, lowlands, which all spatially increased; and shrub-steppes, grasslands and water bodies, which all spatially decreased. The dynamic patterns based on the geomorphological units were non-degraded lowlands, stable sand dunes and degraded glacis. High plant diversity was found in lowlands, whereas low diversity occurred in glacis. A significant dissimilarity was observed between communities. The Shannon diversity indices in plant communities were approximately close to ln(species richness). The Pielou indices were close to 1, indicating a species fairly good distribution. Our results showed a variation of land cover over time and the effects of geomorphological units on phytodiversity. Furthermore, this variation helps oppose land degradation in the Sahel.
Population structure was estimated in a continuous population of a small land snail (Trochoidea geyeri). Mark-recapture experiments and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analyses indicate that the population structure can be described by the isolation by distance model of Wright (1946). Estimates of density and dispersal suggest a neighbourhood size of 70-208 individuals on an area of 13-21 m². A principal component analysis of the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA data reveals clinal variation of genetic composition across the population, as predicted by the neighbourhood concept. An analysis of molecular variance indicates substantial genetic structuring. Comparisons of the genetic distances, expressed as euclidean distances among individuals, versus the geographic distance between sampling sites yield a highly significant positive correlation (Mantel test: r = 0.567, p<0.0001). The revealed pattern of populational subdivision on a microgeographic scale seems to be one of the principal processes generating and maintaining genetic diversity within populations of small land gastropods.
There is a growing body of evidence that indicates common environmental pollutants are capable of disrupting reproductive and developmental processes by interfering with the actions of endogenous hormones. Many reports of endocrine disruption describe changes in the normal development of organs and tissues that are consistent with genetic damage, and recent studies confirm that many chemicals classified to have hormone-modulating effects also possess carcinogenic and mutagenic potential. To date, however, there have been no conclusive examples linking genetic damage with perturbation of endocrine function and adverse effects in vivo. Here, we provide the first evidence of DNA damage associated with the development of imposex (the masculinization of female gastropods considered to be the result of alterations to endocrine-mediated pathways) in the dog-whelk Nucella lapillus. Animals (n = 257) that displayed various stages of tributyltin (TBT)-induced imposex were collected from sites in southwest England, and their imposex status was determined by physical examination. Linear regression analysis revealed a very strong relationship (correlation coefficient of 0.935, p < 0.0001) between the degree of imposex and the extent of DNA damage (micronucleus formation) in hemocytes. Moreover, histological examination of a larger number of dog-whelks collected from sites throughout Europe confirmed the presence of hyperplastic growths, primarily on the vas deferens and penis in both TBT-exposed male snails and in females that exhibited imposex. A strong association was found between TBT body burden and the prevalence of abnormal growths, thereby providing compelling evidence to support the hypothesis that environmental chemicals that affect reproductive processes do so partly through DNA damage pathways.
Non-indigenous species that become invasive are one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide. In various freshwater systems in Europe, populations of native amphipods and fish are progressively displaced by highly adaptive non-indigenous species that can perform explosive range extensions. A total of 40 Ponto-Caspian round gobies Neogobius melanostomus from the Rhine River near Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, were examined for metazoan parasites and feeding ecology. Three metazoan parasite species were found: two Nematoda and one Acanthocephala. The two Nematoda, Raphidascaris acus and Paracuaria adunca, had a low prevalence of 2.5%. The Acanthocephala, Pomphorhynchus tereticollis, was the predominant parasite species, reaching a level of 90.0% prevalence in the larval stage, correlated with fish size. In addition, four invasive amphipod species, Corophium curvispinum (435 specimens), Dikerogammarus villosus (5,454), Echinogammarus trichiatus (2,695) and Orchestia cavimana (1,448) were trapped at the sampling site. Only D. villosus was infected with P. tereticollis at a prevalence of 0.04%. The invasive goby N. melanostomus mainly preys on these non-indigenous amphipods, and may have replaced native amphipods in the transmission of P. tereticollis into the vertebrate paratenic host. This study gives insight into a potential parasite-host system that consists mainly of invasive species, such as the Ponto-Caspian fish and amphipods in the Rhine. We discuss prospective distribution and migration pathways of non-indigenous vertebrate (round goby) and invertebrates (amphipods) under special consideration of parasite dispersal.