Tropical Bryology, Volume 8 (1993)
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This species is very variable in form, and Jones (1977) reduced the above-cited four species to synonymy of R. appressa. Jones (1977) cited “it is likely that R. appressa will prove to be identical with R. javanica Gottsche. ....” However, R. appressa differs from R. javanica in many characters. In general appearance, R. appressa resembles R. reflexa known from SE Asia.
Widely distributed holarctic species, extending to Africa, South America and Tasmania. In
Africa known from the Azores, Madeira, Canary Is., central African mountains, Réunion, Natal and Cape, and also from Marion I., Crozet I. and Tristan da Cunha. In the area it occurs in the subalpine belt from 2500 to 3560 m, on soil and rocks.
The total number of currently accepted species of Cladoniaceae in the Hawaiian Islands is 22. Several taxonomic problems still exist, however. The effects of isolation are clear among Cladoniaceae. Endemism is high (c. 40%); and, the number of species low. The species must have reached the archipelago via long-distance trans-oceanic dispersal, probably aided by the abundant production of lichen propagules, such as soredia and microsquamules. Although most of the species found in Hawaii are widely distributed, the Hawaiian Cladoniaceae show slight affinities to those of E and SE Asia. Cladonia polyphylla Mont. & v.d. Bosch is an older name for C. fruticulosa Krempelh., and is lectotypified from authentic material. C. leprosula H. Magn. is included in C. ochrochlora Flörke.
If a species is not listed in Kis (1985) for a specific country, nor present in the literature cited below for a special genus or species, I have given that species an indication: new for a country (*). When for a species or group of taxa no special literature is cited, the identification can usually (also) be made with Magill (1981). If a remark is given on the distribution in (C.) Africa, also material seen from institutes and private herbaria was considered.
Lichens from Mount Kinabalu
(1993)
286 species of lichenized fungi on Mount Kinabalu are recorded by field survey and investigation of literature records and herbarium material. An annotated catalogue is presented, together with habitat notes, and a list of collectors. The summit area has a saxicolous lichen flora of boreal affinities, while the lower zones are more closely related to other SE Asian mountains. Eleven species appear to be restricted to the mountain, and four new species are described: Phaeographis kinabalensis, Stereocaulon granulans, Pertusaria epitheciifera and Thelotrema subweberi.
Plants glaucous green, in loose to dense turfs; stems sparingly branched; leaves lanceolate from a broad to narrow base, slightly to strongly keeled, + overlapping when dry, slightly spreading when moist, acuminate, acute apiculate to truncate-retuse and revolute; hyaline lamina occupying 1/5-1/3 length of leaves; hyalocysts quadrate, oblong rectangular to hexagonal in 1- 3(-4) layers on the abaxial and adaxial sides of the central chlorophyllous layer; costa narrow or broad, spinose at apex or smooth; margins serrate to smooth.
Vanden Berghen (1948) who himself described two new species (1951, 1953) and supplied a key for the Central African taxa (Vanden Berghen 1960). Kuwahara described Metzgeria agnewii from the Aberdare Mts. in Kenya (1973), established the classification of subgeneric taxa (1978) and synonymized several African taxa with other known species (1986), so the known distribution of several African Metzgeria considerably widened.
The first species list of the examined countries was published by Demaret (1940,1946) and the revision of the Syrrhopodon species of this area were made by Demaret and Leroy (1947). Further additional data were published on the basis of the collection of S. Lisowski (Orbán 1987). The tropical African species of the genera were revised by the Author (Orbán 1981) and later the key for the species was prepared by Orbán and Reese (1986). This key is suitable to identify practically all tropical African taxa, therefore I do not supply a key here for the 7 species collected in Central Africa. The world ranges of Syrrhopodon species was given by Reese (1987).
For worldwide monograph see Bremer (1980a, b, 1981). Unfortunately, this treatment is not particularly useful because the author accepted an exceedingly broad species concept and actually very many distinct and easily recognizable exotic species has simply been lumped with S. apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. in B., S. & G. In tropical East Africa at least five distinct species have so far been recorded (Kis 1985), but it is very likely that this number will increase with progress in taxonomic study of the genus and floristic exploration of the bryologically undercollected areas.
Adistinct species easily recognized by the long exserted, narrow cylindric capsules. The peristome has 8 teeth and 8 segments which distinguishes this taxon from the closely related O. firmum. They both belong to the section Leiocarpa within the subgenus Phaneroporum. Species closely related to the two African taxa are common throughout the Southern Hemisphere. Orthotrichum arborescens is an epiphyte reported from Arundinaria alpina, giant Senecio and Philippia. It is an alpine species occuring between 2.500 and 4.000 m altitude. The geographic distribution is restricted to Central East Africa.
The specimen represents a rather typical African form of this taxon. The marginal teeth of the leaf are small and the leaf cells near isodiametric, but on the basis of the clearly differentiated juxtacostal cells, the specimen belongs to var. rhynchophyrum. Two other tropical African species are Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T. Kop. and P. undulatum (Hedw.) T. Kop. which differ by having an acute or cuspidate leaf apex, which in P. rhynchophorum tends to be emarginate and apiculate, and having sharper and larger projecting marginal teeth on their leaves. The distribution of P. rhynchophyrum is mapped and African specimens listed in Koponen (1981).
The Bryotrop project was planned in 1981 by several bryologists from Germany. Aim of this project was a comparative study of the bryoflora and -vegetation of rain forest areas in different parts of the tropics. In contrast to other bryological research in the tropics, this project should not be limited to pure floristic studies at various collecting sites but consist of interdisciplinary work of researchers from different fields together in a small region, an attempt which was not made before in bryology.
Since Stephani (1911, 1916) described this species from “Kiwu See” in “Ruanda”, no records of the species have been published. This is the second record for the species. A. myriandroecium is easily recognized by its deeply forked, strap-shaped thallus whose margins are densely dissected into narrow-rectangular lobules, and its globose, large spores whose distal surfaces are covered with numerous, long baculate outgwoths. It occurs on roadcut in Ericaceous heath on the drier slopes of valley at about 2500 m altitude.
Procumbent to ascendent, with terminal branching irregular and usually infrequent (sometimes even lacking). Midrib of well-developed fronds never more than 1/3 of frond width Androecial scales (in the local species) on each side of midrib, the latter remaining free of scales (or with a few at proximal and distal end of androecium).
Thirteen new records of species of Andreaea, Trematodon, Campylopus and Rhabdoweisia for Rwanda viz. Zaire are published. Campylopus cerradensis Vital and Paraleucobryum longifolium (Hedw.) Loeske ssp. brasiliense (Broth.) P. Müller & J.-P. Frahm, previously only known from Brazil, are reported for Africa for the first time. Campylopus schmidii C. Müll. is reported for the first time for the African continent. Campylopus leucochlorus is regarded as synonymous with C. hildebrandtii (C. Müll.) Jaeg. Atractylocarpus capillifolius Dix. is regarded as synonymous with A. alticaulis (Broth.) Williams. Based on a different spore size, spore ornamentation and growth form as well as cultivation experiments, Antitrichia kilimandscharica Broth. is regarded as separate species and not as synonymous with A. curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. Acrocryphaea robusta Broth. in Mildbr. is combined new to the genus Schoenobryum.
A survey of the families Trichocoleaceae, Geocalycaceae, Acrobolbaceae, Balantiopsidaceae, Lepidoziaceae (Telaranea, Arachniopsis), Calypogeiaceae, Adelanthaceae, Porellaceae, Jubulaceae, Marchantiaceae (Dumortiera) (Hepaticae) and Polytrichaceae (Musci) for Central Africa (Zaire and Rwanda) is presented. Leptoscyphus infuscatus, Tylimanthus ruwenzoriensis, Calypogeia fissa, Adelanthus lindenbergianus and Porella subdentata are recorded as new to Rwanda. Telaranea trifida and Calypogeia fusca are new to Zaire. Leptoscyphus hedbergii and Calypogeia afrocaerulea are new records for Zaire and Rwanda.
During the BRYOTROP-Expedition in 1991, 71 collecting sites could be visited. These are situated in the Kahuzi-Biega-National Park/Zaire, the Nyungwe Forest and the Virunga volcanoes/Rwanda. This paper provides a short description of the vegetation in these three areas and a detailed list of all collecting sites.
A short survey of the bryological exploration of Rwanda and Zaire is provided. The first to collect bryophytes in the area was Stuhlmann in 1891 on Ruwenzori. The first bryological collections from Rwanda were made by Mildbraed in 1907. In 1929 Humbert made the first gatherings on Mt. Kahuzi and Mt. Biega. Since then a lot of botanist have collected mosses and liverworts so that Rwanda and eastern Zaire can be regarded as well known. From most parts of Zaire and from Burundi however only few data are hitherto available.