Insecta Mundi
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974
Onthophagus aeneopiceus d’Orbigny, 1902 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) is recorded for the first time for Yemen and for the Palaearctic region. An integration into the key to the Onthophagini from the Arabian Peninsula (Ziani et al. 2019), is provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F008A040-C404-46DA-B879-9543868A6D21
973
Thirteen new fossil eucnemid taxa (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) are described from amber deposits excavated from the vicinity of Santiago, Dominican Republic. Two new genera, Mioxylobius and Paleoquirsfeldia are described. The following 13 new species are described from Dominican amber: Mioxylobius bicolor, Balistica serrulata, Paleoquirsfeldia epicrana, Dyscharachthis dominicana, Idiotarsus poinari, Euryptychus antilliensis, Euryptychus hispaniolus, Plesiofornax caribica, Fornax dominicensis, Fornax serropalpoides, Dromaeolus argenteus, Nematodes miocenensis and Nematodes thoracicus. Each new species are both diagnosed and illustrated. Calyptocerus Guérin-Méneville and Lissantauga Poinar are shown to be congeneic, resulting in a new combination: Calyptocerus epicranis (Poinar, 2013). Summaries of fossil eucnemid discoveries, highlighting differing hypothesis of prehistoric Caribbean island formations/speciation, accounts of ancient Dominican Republic environmental conditions and Dominican Republic amber are provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:48A76A23-E48B-46B5-8A35-A27DD6134B6D
972
To better understand the dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) biodiversity of Costa Rica and Panama, new synonyms, records, distributions, and updates are presented. This paper analyzes the distribution and taxonomy of Phanaeus olsoufieffi Balthasar, 1939 in Panama and establishes the following new subjective synonym: Phanaeus panamensis Moctezuma and Halffter, 2021 = Phanaeus olsoufieffi Balthasar, 1939. Color morphs of Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887 in Costa Rica are analyzed. The Costa Rican distribution of Onthophagus bidentatus Drapiez, 1819 and O. marginicollis Harold, 1880 is studied. Onthophagus bidentatus is recorded for Costa Rica for the first time. A population analysis of barcode mtDNA, color morphs, and morphological and genitalia characters for different body sizes of Onthophagus cyanellus is undertaken. An mtDNA barcode tree is presented to assess the molecular identity of O. cyanellus resulting in the reaffirmed subjective synonymy, Onthophagus mesoamericanus Zunino and Halffter, 1988 = O. cyanellus Bates, 1887.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E701D60F-A455-4048-8279-DA450930ACB3
971
Previously described subgenera of Dacne Latreille, 1797 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) show character states and combinations implying closer relationships with genera other than with Dacne, suggesting “Dacne” is not monophyletic. These characters are briefly discussed along with the genera sharing the characters. To improve the current classification, the subgenera of Dacne are raised to generic status as: Afrodacne Delkeskamp, 1954, Ameridacne Skelley, 2009, and Xenodacne Boyle, 1956. A checklist of all species included in these genera is presented, updating generic combinations as needed.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C5C4BC4D-3403-46D3-BE64-E06F687D1562
969
Analyses of whole genomic shotgun datasets, COI barcodes, morphology, and historical literature suggest that the following 13 butterfly species from the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Texas, USA are distinct from their closest named relatives and therefore are described as new (type localities are given in parenthesis): Spicauda atelis Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., Mission), Urbanus (Urbanus) rickardi Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., nr. Madero), Urbanus (Urbanus) oplerorum Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., Mission/Madero), Telegonus tsongae Grishin, new species (Starr Co., Roma), Autochton caballo Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., 6 mi W of Hidalgo), Epargyreus fractigutta Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., McAllen), Aguna mcguirei Grishin, new species (Cameron Co., Brownsville), Polygonus pardus Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., McAllen), Arteurotia artistella Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., Mission), Heliopetes elonmuski Grishin, new species (Cameron Co., Boca Chica), Hesperia balcones Grishin, new species (Travis Co., Volente), Troyus fabulosus Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., Peñitas), and Lerema ochrius Grishin, new species (Hidalgo Co., nr. Relampago). Most of these species are known in the US almost exclusively from the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. Nine of the holotypes were collected in 1971-1975, a banner period for butterfly species newly recorded from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas; five of them collected by William W. McGuire, and one by Nadine M. McGuire. At the time, these new species have been recorded under the names of their close relatives. A Neotype is designated for Papilio fulminator Sepp, [1841] (Suriname). Lectotypes are designated for Goniurus teleus Hübner, 1821 (unknown, likely in South America), Goniloba azul Reakirt, [1867] (Mexico: Veracruz) and Eudamus misitra Plötz, 1881 (Mexico). Several taxonomic changes are proposed. The following taxa are species (not subspecies): Spicauda zalanthus (Plötz, 1880), reinstated status (not Spicauda teleus (Hübner, 1821)), Telegonus fulminator (Sepp, [1841]), reinstated status (not Telegonus fulgerator (Walch, 1775), Telegonus misitra (Plötz, 1881), reinstated status (not Telegonus azul (Reakirt, [1867])), Autochton reducta (Mabille and Boullet, 1919), new status (not Autochton potrillo (Lucas, 1857)), Epargyreus gaumeri Godman and Salvin, 1893, reinstated status (not Epargyreus clavicornis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), and Polygonus punctus E. Bell and W. Comstock, 1948, new status (not Polygonus savigny (Latreille, [1824])). Urbanus ehakernae Burns, 2014 and Epargyreus socus chota Evans, 1952 are junior subjective synonyms of Urbanus alva Evans, 1952 and Epargyreus clavicornis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), respectively, and Epargyreus gaumeri tenda Evans, 1955, new combination is not a subspecies of E. clavicornis.
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968
Biclonuncaria recurvana, new species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Polyorthini), is described and illustrated from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. It is most similar to B. conica Razowski, 1993, from Mexico, but the two are easily distinguished by features of the male genitalia. Biclonuncaria recurvana has been reared (n = 12 specimens) from field-collected larvae feeding on the leaves of Dalbergia glomerata Hemsley (Fabaceae), consistent with the previously reported host plant for B. dalbergiae Razowski and Becker, 1993, which has been reared from Dalbergia in Brazil.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22EAB34E-0619-4B44-A595-701F8E0FCB24
967
New distribution and host records plus additional notes are provided for North American species in the genus Chrysobothris Eschscholtz (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Forty-one species are treated. The occurrence of Chrysobothris bicolor Horn in the USA is refuted. Chrysobothris breviloboides Barr is newly synonymized with Chrysobothris breviloba Fall. The southernmost record for Chrysobothris piuta Wickham, from Baja California, Mexico, is established. A specimen of the Argentinian Chrysobothris rugosa Gory and Laporte labeled from Florida is reported. A lectotype for Chrysobothris vulcanica LeConte is newly designated.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FDB5C4A4-548C-4436-92BB-59AE3183378C
966
Four new species of Coleoptera are described: Pentanodes clavatus new species, from Ecuador; Pentanodes baldwini new species, from Panama (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Tillomorphini); Elytrimitatrix (Grossifemora) dilatata new species, from Mexico (Disteniidae) and Novantinoe falsa new species, from Mexico (Disteniidae). Taxonomical notes on Euderces cribellatus (Bates, 1885) (Tillomorphini) and Oreodera Audinet-Serville, 1835 (Lamiinae: Acrocinini) are provided. Additionally, new records are provided for Oreodera noguerai McCarty, 2001 (new state record), Adetus croton Heffern, Santos-Silva and Botero, 2019 (new country record), Icimauna sarauaia Martins and Galileo, 1991 (new country record), and Phoebe mexicana Bates, 1881 (new state record).
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F5B8AFEF-30F7-43ED-86C0-D0DD03D3568A
965
Several nomenclatural changes for taxa in the firefly subfamily Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are proposed. Evidence is presented to correct the year of description for Luciola dregei Motschulsky 1853 to Motschulsky 1854 when the name was ratified. We correct the authorities and years of descriptions for type species designations for the genera Delopleurus Motschulsky, 1853, and Delopyrus Motschulsky, 1853 to Motschulsky 1854 for both. All remaining taxa described as variations in the subfamily Luciolinae by McDermott (1966), are evaluated to subspecies with their availability determined based on ICZN (1999) Article 45.6.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:618A5442-2644-4E9A-BE70-07C413810DB9
964
Puparia of a new whitefly, Aleuroparadoxus marisae García-Ochaeta and Dubey, new species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), collected on leaves of Brosimum alicastrum Sw. in Santa Ana, Petén, Guatemala, and on Pimenta dioica (L). Merr. in Calzada Mopán, Dolores, Petén are described and illustrated. Drawings of morphological structures and differential diagnosis of the puparium are provided, and differences from congeners are discussed. A key to puparia of the Aleuroparadoxus Quaintance and Baker species is included.
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963
New state records for 32 species of Mexican Cleridae (Coleoptera) are presented. In addition, 10 species of Cleridae are reported for Mexico for the first time (new country records). Cymatodera bezarki new species and Enoclerus sepultura new species are described from Chiapas, Mexico. Enoclerus primulus new species is described from Chiapas, Mexico and El Salvador.
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962
The firefly species described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 and 1767 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) were checked to determine the actual dates of publication. Nine out of twelve species were originally described in 1758 and not in 1767 as published in the majority of firefly literature. Lampyris hespera Linnaeus, 1767 as a junior synonym of Aspisoma lampyris (Linnaeus, 1758) is established.
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961
The subfamily Carventinae (Heteroptera: Aradidae) is revised for New Zealand. Eight genera and fifteen species are recognized. One genus and six species are described as new: Carventaptera hallae Larivière and Larochelle new species, Lissaptera heissi Larivière and Larochelle new species, Modicarventus kirmani Larivière and Larochelle new species, Neocarventus montanus Larivière and Larochelle new species, Neocarventus northlandicus Larivière and Larochelle new species, Neocarventus potterae Larivière and Larochelle new species, Tuataraptera Larivière and Larochelle new genus. One new combination is established: Neocarventus uncus Kirman, 1989 = Tuataraptera unca (Kirman, 1989). One new synonymy is made: Leuraptera yakasi Heiss, 1990 = Leuraptera zealandica Usinger and Matsuda, 1959. A revision of al taxa is provided. Descriptions, identification keys, illustrations of male genitalia, habitus photos, distributional data and maps are given. Extensive information on biology is included for each species.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CAF794A0-89C7-498F-84D0-940FDDB648F3
960
First host record, prey transport, and burrow excavation are described for Hesperopompilus sp., an undescribed, rare spider wasp (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) from Texas. Taxonomic, ecological, and behavioral examination of the genus subsequently led to an investigation of the previously related Perissopompilus Evans and Xerochares Evans. Taxonomic, host preference, nesting behavior, and phylogenomic relationships of the three taxa are discussed along with those of Xenopompilus Evans. The molecular connection of Perissopompilus and Allochares Banks is supported by their common use of host species of Filistatidae.
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959
Host records and nesting behavior of the Nearctic trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Calopompilus Ashmead and Priocnemissus Haupt (Pepsinae: Pepsini) and Aporus Spinola and Psorthaspis Banks (Pompilinae: Aporini) are reviewed, investigated, compared, and discussed. First time incidental trapdoor spider host records for Priocnemis (Priocnemissus) minorata Banks (Pepsinae: Pepsini), Anoplius (Lophopompilus) carolina (Banks) (Pompilinae: Pompilini), and Notocyphus dorsalis dorsalis Cresson (Notocyphinae: Notocyphini) are included, although they are not typical trapdoor spiderhunting spider wasp species. The Palearctic Aporus (Aporus) unicolor Spinola, A. (Aporus) bicolor Spinola and A. (Aporus) planiceps (Latreille) are referenced for comparison with Nearctic Aporus sensu stricto. Early 20th century papers on species of Aporus and Psorthaspis are revived. New information on nesting behavior of Nearctic trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasps is described and first host trapdoor spider records for Psorthaspis formosa (Smith), P. legata (Cresson) and P. mariae (Cresson) are documented. Potential Pompilidae species in the genera Calopompilus and Aporus are suggested for host trapdoor spider remains found in burrows with spider wasp eggs, larvae and cocoons (pupae) based on geographic distribution, habitat, spider species, trapdoor and burrow structure, wasp cocoon size, and wasp congeneric host records.
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958
Since 2004, three specimens of Lasioglossum (Dialictus) semicaeruleum (Cockerell, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) have been collected in Maryland. Other than three specimens from Wisconsin, there are no additional records of this western United States species known east of the Mississippi River. I document the three Maryland records and offer possible scenarios of how the specimens could have arrived in Maryland.
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957
New taxa in Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) are traditionally proposed after inspection of male genitalia, which largely form the basis for Hesperiidae taxonomy. However, with genomic DNA sequencing, even a single female specimen can be placed in a phylogenetic context of existing classification and taxonomically assigned with confidence. Genomic sequencing of an unusually patterned Hesperiidae female from San Martin, Peru, characterized by pearly spots outlining an inverted heart pattern on the rust-colored ventral hindwing, reveals that it represents an undescribed genus and species named here as Gemmia buechei Brockmann and Grishin, new genus and new species.
ZooBank registration. https://zoobank.org/2FA538FA-7D65-4097-9BBA-71CD1B2795E5
956
955
The approximate type locality of Chrysina adelaida (Hope, 1841) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) is fixed in the mountains of southeastern Mexico. Chrysina occidentalis Robacker and Hawks is described as a new species from the Sierra Madre Occidental in northwestern Mexico based on morphometric comparisons of adults and genital capsules with those of C. adelaida from southeastern Mexico and with those of C. adelaida (of authors) from neighboring states south of the Sierra Madre Occidental.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E123E40A-5776-4C75-90E6-6131E5C3AA32
954
The genera Aneflomorpha Casey, 1912 and Neaneflus Linsley, 1957 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are revised for the species occurring in the United States. Examination of all primary types has necessitated redefinition of several species that were defined originally and subsequently on erroneous character descriptions. Two new species of Aneflomorpha are described from Arizona: Aneflomorpha crypta Lingafelter, new species and A. paralinearis Lingafelter new species. One subspecies, Aneflomorpha rectilinea yumae Giesbert and Hovore, 1976 is elevated to species, new status. Six species are synonymized: Aneflomorpha citrana Chemsak, 1960 is a new synonym of A. rectilinea Casey, 1924; Aneflomorpha parowana Casey, 1924 is a new synonym of Aneflomorpha linearis (LeConte 1859), along with its synonyms A. testacea Casey, 1924, A. elongata Linsley, 1936, and A. californica Linsley, 1936; Aneflomorpha arizonica Linsley, 1936 is a new synonym of Aneflomorpha unispinosa Casey, 1912; Aneflomorpha parkeri Knull, 1934 is a new synonym of Aneflomorpha gilana Casey, 1924; Aneflomorpha texana Linsley 1936 is removed from synonymy with A. seminuda Casey, 1912 and found to be conspecific with A. werneri Chemsak, 1962, new synonym. Aneflomorpha opacicornis Linsley, 1957 is transferred to Neaneflus as N. opacicornis (Linsley), new combination, and Neaneflus brevispinus Chemsak, 1962 is a new synonym. With this revision, there are eighteen species of Aneflomorpha and two species of Neaneflus recognized for the United States. All species are presented with new diagnoses, illustrated characters, updated distributional and host information, and an illustrated identification key.
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953
Megapsyrassa Linsley, 1961 is synonymized with Psyrassa Pascoe, 1866 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Aneflomorpha martini Chemsak and Linsley, 1968 is synonymized with Psyrassa sinaloae Linsley, 1935, and the species is transferred to Aneflomorpha Casey, 1912, new combination. Morphological and chromatic variations in Psyrassa cylindricollis Linsley, 1935 are reported, and a new state record is provided. New records are provided for the following species: Psyrassa atkinsoni (Chemsak and Giesbert, 1986) new combination; P. ebenina Linsley, 1935; and P. nigripes Linsley, 1935. Lastly, four new species of Psyrassa Pascoe, 1866 are described: Psyrassa wappesi García and Santos-Silva, from Mexico (Michoacán); P. sonorensis García and Santos-Silva, from Mexico (Sonora); P. obscuriventris García and Santos-Silva, from Mexico (Jalisco); and P. ocularis García and Santos-Silva, from Guatemala (Zacapa).
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:194F7545-EF7C-44B7-9783-286A8BDEB1EC
952
This paper presents a taxonomic review of the genus Boreocanthon Halffter, restored generic status, a group of ball-rolling (telocoprid) dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) endemic to North America. The genus, heretofore treated as a subgenus of Canthon, comprises 13 species, each keyed, diagnosed, illustrated and presented with information on distribution, relationships, and biology (*signifies restored generic combination): *Boreocanthon ateuchiceps (Bates, 1887); B. coahuilensis (Howden, 1966); *B. depressipennis (LeConte, 1859c); *B. ebenus (Say, 1823); *B. forreri (Bates, 1887); *B. integricollis (Schaeffer, 1915); *B. lecontei (Harold, 1868); *B. melanus (Robinson, 1948); *B. praticola (LeConte, 1868); *B. probus (Germar, 1823); *B. puncticollis (LeConte, 1866); *B. simplex (LeConte, 1857); as well as Boreocanthon halffteri Edmonds here described as a new species. Other actions taken are a) Canthon mixtus Robinson declared junior subjective new synonym of Boreocanthon puncticollis; b) Canthon bisignatus Balthasar, 1939, declared junior subjective new synonym of Boreocanthon simplex; c) Boreocanthon coahuilensis (Howden) new generic combination; and d) neotype designated for the type species of the genus Boreocanthon, Ateuchus ebenus Say, 1823, here Boreocanthon ebenus (Say).
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951
950
The nineteen species of Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) occurring in North America and the West Indies (including Trinidad) are listed and keyed. Cybocephalus skelleyi new species and Cybocephalus edmondsoni new species are described, and Cybocephalus carrabeus T. R. Smith is found to be a new synonym of Cybocephalus geoffereysmithi T. R. Smith. Illustrations of morphological features, including detailed drawings of male genitalia, host records and distribution data, are provided.
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949
A list of abbreviations regarding literature, collections and persons as used by early authors (1758–1779) of scarabaeoid beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) is given together with modern referrals to the Literature Cited. Notes regarding referential errors are included. Hyperlinks to all mentioned and freely online available publications are provided.
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948 [rev. ed.]
A key, an annotated checklist with detailed distribution, biological and host information, and color photographic plates are provided for the 91 species of dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) known to occur in Oceania. Dacus virgatus Coquillett, previously a synonym of Bactrocera psidii (Froggatt), is instead considered a junior synonym of B. facialis (Coquillett). The species originally described in 1971 as Dacus (Asiadacus) perpusillus Drew, later reassigned as Bactrocera (Sinodacus) perpusilla (Drew) and in recent years as Zeugodacus (Sinodacus) perpusillus (Drew) actually belongs to genus Dacus, and is transferred back to Dacus, but to the subgenus Neodacus, restored combination. The presence of B. redunca (Drew) is recorded for the first time in New Caledonia. New male lure records include isoeugenol and dihydroeugenol for both B. neoxanthodes Drew and Romig and B. quadrisetosa (Bezzi) and zingerone for Dacus taui (Drew and Romig), all in Vanuatu.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A105F057-F2A4-4C14-B82E-14912B319D57
948
A key, an annotated checklist with detailed distribution, biological and host information, and color photographic plates are provided for the 91 species of dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) known to occur in Oceania. Dacus virgatus Coquillett, previously a synonym of Bactrocera psidii (Froggatt), is instead considered a junior synonym of B. facialis (Coquillett). The species originally described in 1971 as Dacus (Asiadacus) perpusillus Drew, later reassigned as Bactrocera (Sinodacus) perpusilla (Drew) and in recent years as Zeugodacus (Sinodacus) perpusillus (Drew) actually belongs to genus Dacus, and is transferred back to Dacus, but to the subgenus Neodacus, restored combination. The presence of B. redunca (Drew) is recorded for the first time in New Caledonia. New male lure records include isoeugenol and dihydroeugenol for both B. neoxanthodes Drew and Romig and B. quadrisetosa (Bezzi) and zingerone for Dacus taui (Drew and Romig), all in Vanuatu.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A105F057-F2A4-4C14-B82E-14912B319D57
947
Current globalization and technological progress has facilitated and increased the international trade of plant products worldwide and has promoted the long-distance movement of immobile sucking pests such as whiteflies attached on plants. Therefore, being able to compile and update information on intercepted insect pests will help to improve the inspection procedures, to detect, identify and mitigate the damage caused by exotic invasive pests. Records of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) intercepted on import plants from 2013 to 2021 in the Pest Information System (PIS) database of South Korea were analyzed. A total of 32 species belonging to 19 genera were intercepted on plants imported into South Korea from 20 countries, mostly located in the Oriental region including China. Brief diagnoses, an identification key and photographs of the 32 species intercepted on agricultural commodities and the countries from which they were detected on plants are given to assist in their identification. In addition, this information provides background data and scientific rationale for decisions regarding the management of whiteflies intercepted at the South Korean ports on imported plant products to prevent the introduction and establishment of exotic whiteflies into South Korea.
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946
Lipaphis alliariae Müller (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was identified from specimens collected in Lake County, Ohio, on the invasive garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (Brassicaceae). The identification was performed on apterous viviparae using morphological and molecular data. Body color and shape of the cauda discriminated L. alliariae and L. pseudobrassicae Davis. Measurements of morphological characters of both species were similar, but they have distinct characters distinguishing them fromL. erysimi Kaltenbach. Neighbor-joining analysis of cytochrome oxidase 1 (Cox1) barcoding indicated a close relationship of the aphids that feed on Brassicaceae, and the range of pair-wise distances for Cox1 barcoding of these species was 0.3–0.9%.
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945
The tortoise beetle, Cassida sphaerula Boheman, 1854 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Cassidini) is endemic to South Africa. Its endemic host, Arctotheca prostrata (Salisb.) Britten (Asteraceae) has been introduced in other countries where it is becoming invasive. Cassida sphaerula could provide a potential biocontrol of Arctotheca weeds as it spends the entire life cycle on this host. An intensive field study, with rearing, photography, and short films of C. sphaerula was conducted in its native habitat to document the life cycle. A checklist of Cassidinae genera in South Africa, along with 19 new host records for Cassidini species in South Africa are presented. Oothecae are simple, with few laminate membranes enclosing fewer than five eggs. There are five larval instars. Larvae and adults feed by making a series of cuts in the ventral cuticle, forming an arc, and they consume the mesophyll as the cuticle is rolled to one side. This creates many ventral craters, thickened on one margin with the rolled cuticle; these ventral craters correspond to ‘windows’ in the dorsal leaf surface where the dorsal cuticle is left intact. This unusual feeding pattern is known in three Cassida species, all in South Africa. Like many tortoise beetles, instar I initiates a feces-only shield on its paired caudal processes (= urogomophi); this construction is retained, along with exuviae, by subsequent instars. The shield construction was studied by film and dissections. This revealed that the columnar or pyramidal shield in this species has an exterior of dry or moist feces that obscures the central nested stack of exuviae, each exuviae compressed onto the caudal processes. Pupae may retain the entire larval shield of exuviae and feces or only the 5th instar exuviae; this behavioral flexibility in pupal shield retention is novel for tortoise beetles. Behaviors of C. sphaerula are discussed in the context of phylogenetic characters that can give evolutionary insights into the genus, tribe, and subfamily.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4AC56F98-6474-4AAD-A2A9-51AE2F39A1E1
944
A database of larval host plants for the tortricid tribe Grapholitini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) is presented, and larval hosts are summarized for each genus. Food plants have been reported for over 400 of the approximately 1,644 described species of Grapholitini. Of the 81 genera currently assigned to the tribe, at least one larval host has been reported for 51. Ninety-seven different plant families have been reported at least once for a species of Grapholitini, with the greatest number of grapholitines recorded from Fabaceae (168 species), followed by Fagaceae (43 species), Pinaceae (43), Sapindaceae (36), Rosaceae (30), Asteraceae (30), Euphorbiaceae (15), Rutaceae (12), Annonaceae (12), Salicaceae (11), and Cupressaceae (11). Thirty-two genera appear to be restricted, or nearly so, to specific host families, but many of these are either monotypic or are represented by exceedingly few records. Extraordinarily, entomophagy is well documented in three genera: Andrioplecta, Coccothera, and Parapammene. Two new combinations are provisionally proposed based on hosts and male genitalia: Andrioplecta magnetica (Meyrick, 1928), new combination, and A. theristis (Meyrick, 1912), new combination, both of which are currently assigned to “Grapholitini unplaced species.”
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:251B8BE3-31BC-481B-8214-16C0EFFB32FF
943
942
The tribe Amarotypini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Migadopinae) is revised for New Zealand. Three genera and fourteen species are recognized.
Two genera and thirteen species are described as new: Amarophilus Larochelle and Larivière new genus, Amarophilus lomondensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarophilus otagoensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarophilus rotundicollis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarophilus wanakensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarotypus fiordlandensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarotypus glasgowensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarotypus murchisonorum Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarotypus simoninensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarotypus takaheensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amaroxenus Larochelle and Larivière new genus, Amaroxenus arnaudensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amaroxenus glacialis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amaroxenus huttensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amaroxenus kahurangiensis Larochelle and Larivière new species.
A revision of all taxa is provided. Descriptions, identification keys, illustrations of male genitalia, habitus photos, distributional data and maps are given. Information on ecology, biology, dispersal power, and collecting techniques is included for each species.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6BBC7A99-0736-44D1-BAD1-3C719F9A69C2
941
A new paedogenetic midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Winnertziinae: Heteropezini) from O‘ahu Island, Hawai‘i, Neostenoptera hawaiiensis Plakidas, Nguyen, and Ferro, new species, is described and illustrated. A key to all species in the genus is provided. Specimens were emergent from deadwood gathered at Waimea Arboretum and Botanical Garden. Neostenoptera appalachiensis Plakidas and Ferro were collected from the same set of samples in Hawai‘i, and additional specimens are reported from Georgia and South Carolina, three new state records. The discovery of two paedogenetic midges in Hawai‘i poses a unique set of questions as to their possible mode of arrival on an island ecosystem. We briefly address the possibility that both species are simply “hitchhikers” that went undetected at ports of entry.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:73D4C822-5C81-4291-9019-2AC0BE96800A
940
A new species of Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)—E. emiliae Onuferko and Sheffield, new species—is described from North America west of the Great Plains. It is morphologically most similar to Epeolus autumnalis Robertson, 1902, a species known exclusively from east of the Rocky Mountains. DNA barcode sequences from representatives of E. autumnalis and E. emiliae share a barcode index number (i.e., BIN: BOLD:AAF2361), but the two species exhibit marked and consistent differences in integument coloration and the patterns of pubescence on the metasoma, and their distributional ranges, based on known specimens, show no overlap. This discovery increases the number of species of Epeolus confirmed in Canada to 14, and North America north of Mexico to 44. Modifications to existing identification keys to Canadian and all North American species of Epeolus are provided, as well as a differential diagnosis, to enable the identification of E. emiliae. Additionally, three new provincial records are reported for species of Epeolus occurring in Canada: E. interruptus Robertson, 1900 from Alberta and Quebec and E. scutellaris Say, 1824 from Saskatchewan.
ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:811B569E-9BF6-4319-B1FA-DD7A357B0847
939
Tomoxia bucephala A. Costa (Coleoptera: Mordellidae), a Palearctic tumbling flower beetle native to Europe, Asia, and northernmost Africa, is now known from North America. The first known occurrences were in 2015 in Essex and Union counties, New Jersey, U.S.A. and in 2019 in Passaic County, New Jersey, all in the New York City metropolitan area. An additional collection documents the species in 2016 from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The multiple occurrences, the large distance between those in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and multiple detections in natural areas indicate T. bucephala is established in North America and apparently invasive. Several morphological features differentiate T. bucephala from the two congeners native to North America, T. inclusa LeConte and T. lineella LeConte, especially coloration patterns of elytral and pronotal vestiture, and coloration of antennae and front legs. This is the first report of a non-native mordellid species established in North America. Tomoxia bucephala does not appear to pose a significant direct economic threat in North America since it feeds in decaying trees. However, T. bucephala occurrences are within the geographic ranges of T. inclusa and T. lineella, and the biology of T. bucephala is similar to these other Tomoxia species. Thus, T. bucephala likely will expand its range within North America, with probable ecological impact on communities of native saproxylic beetles, especially T. lineella and T. inclusa.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:134762B2-9F05-4F02-88F8-4BDCB4231F0F
938
New information is presented for Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Dolichestola vittipennis Breuning, 1948 is synonymized with D. annulicornis Breuning, 1942, and the species is newly recorded from the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Dolichestola densepunctata Breuning, 1942 is newly recorded from Venezuela and Brazil, and the difference between it and D. annulicornis is reported. Mecas skillmani Santos-Silva and Androw, new species, is described from Mexico (Jalisco). Pannychella callicera (Bates, 1881) is illustrated, and notes on the genus and species are provided. Pannychis Thomson, 1864 is considered a genus different from Mecas LeConte, 1852, and notes on the genus and P. sericea Thomson, 1864, new combination, are given; therefore, Mecas has no subgenera. Pannychina Gilmour, 1962 is synonymized with Dylobolus Thomson, 1868, and Pannychina atripennis (Bates, 1885) is synonymized with Dylobolus rotundicollis Thomson, 1868.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DCAB0F19-79E2-462F-B7AB-940BD901237D
937
Five species of Cautethia Grote (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) occur in the Lucayan (Bahamas) Archipelago, three of which are new to science. Cautethia simoni Miller, Matthews, and Gott, new species, is described and illustrated from Mayaguana Island, Bahamas, and Providenciales and Grand Turk of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Cautethia gossi Miller, Matthews, and Gott, new species, is described and illustrated from Great Inagua, Bahamas. Cautethia geraceorum Miller, Matthews, and Gott, new species, is described from San Salvador Island. Diagnoses are provided and new island records are reported for the two previously described Bahamas species, Cautethia grotei Edwards and Cautethia exuma McCabe. A taxonomic key based primarily on genitalia is provided for males and known females of the ten described species occurring in the West Indies. COI barcodes were obtained from representative Bahamas specimens and analyzed along with existing barcodes.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D0590B45-FCBC-4411-B50B-A80940C5EA28
936
The presence of Ancognatha erythrodera (Blanchard, 1846) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is confirmed for the first time in Chile based on male and female specimens collected in the extreme north of the country. This is the second species of Ancognatha Erichson, 1847 recorded in Chile. Morphological characters, illustrations of male genitalia, male and female habitus photographs of this species, and additional records in Argentina and Bolivia are provided. A map with the collection sites and montane habitats photograph in Chile are included.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BF6C7863-E859-4772-B51F-CCC2BEDF69C9
935
The first host record for the North American spider wasp Cryptocheilus severini Banks (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae) from Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México is introduced with pertinent observation information. The genus Cryptocheilus Panzer in North America is briefly described, its nesting habitat and prey transport outlined, and host specificity detailed.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:65404A9D-0B4C-4F7B-B8E2-0301EE922EF4
934
New state records for 33 species of Eucnemidae (Coleoptera) are reported from the eastern United States based on the examination and identifications of specimens from four institutional and personal collections over the past several years. Images of 12 eucnemid species are also provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DAFE70DF-394F-4ECF-A518-3EF5DD8B8B6F
933
This checklist synthesises historic collections of Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) made during the summer months in the Cayman Islands in 1938 and 1975 with modern records drawn from a variety of sources. We report observations and collections made in all seasons of the year and provide natural history and larval food details. Four species, Phryxus caicus (Cramer) in all three islands, plus Isognathus rimosa (Grote), Enyo lugubris (Linnaeus), and Eumorpha satellitia (Linnaeus) in Grand Cayman only, are here reported as new records, for a total of 25 sphingid species occurring in the Cayman Islands. Seven species are new records for Grand Cayman, five are added for Little Cayman and two for Cayman Brac. Potential hawkmoth pollinators for the Cayman Islands endemic ghost orchid, Dendrophylax fawcettii Rolfe (Orchidaceae: Angraecinae) are reviewed and Cayman records of hawkmoths as prey of the big-eared bat Macrotus waterhousii minor Gundlach (Phyllostomidae) are discussed.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E57614B3-ED85-4910-98E3-65BB323863D
932
New records for a new species and other exotic Dirrhagofarsus Fleutiaux (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini) species are reported from throughout much of the northeastern and southern areas of the United States. Dirrhagofarsus brevis, new species, is hereby described in this study. Two other exotic species, Dirrhagofarsus modestus (Fleutiaux) and Dirrhagofarsus unicolor (Hisamatsu), new country records, are redescribed and diagnosed as they were compared with other Dirrhagofarsus species present in the Nearctic region. All Dirrhagofarsus species in this study are imaged, highlighting essential character states to facilitate better diagnosis in conjunction to the new identification key provided in this study.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:24DCE05F-14CE-465B-AB11-A2F34012FAB6
931
New species, synonymy, new records, and taxonomic notes in American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)
(2022)
Cotyclytus parumnotatus (Zajciw, 1963) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Clytini) is revalidated and a neotype is designated. Anatinomma Bates, 1892 (Cerambycinae: Hesperophanini) is reported as a neuter gender and two species-group names are corrected: A. brevicorne Fisher, 1944 and A. insulare Chemsak and Linsley, 1964; the latter is newly recorded from Honduras. Pachymerola vitticollis Bates, 1892 (Cerambycinae: Hyboderini) is recorded for the first time in the Mexican state of Jalisco, and chromatic variation is reported. Smodicum dinellii Bruch, 1911 (Cerambycinae: Smodicini) is recorded from Bolivia; and Corcovado bezarki Martins and Galileo, 2008 (Lamiinae: Hemilophini) is recorded from Belize. Parhippopsis Breuning, 1973 (Lamiinae: Agapanthiini) is synonymized with Rosalba Thomson, 1864 (Lamiinae: Apomecynini) and Rosalba columbiana (Breuning, 1973) is a new combination. Neocompsa flavoquadripunctata Botero and Santos-Silva, new species (Cerambycinae: Neoibidionini), is described from Mexico (Jalisco); Temnopis spiculata Botero and Santos-Silva, new species (Cerambycinae: Oemini) is described from Bolivia (Beni); Trichohippopsis basilaris Botero and Santos-Silva, new species (Lamiinae: Agapanthiini) and Anobrium bicolor Botero and Santos-Silva, new species (Lamiinae: Pteropliini) are described from French Guiana.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8722FCF5-3ACB-4CA5-93DD-9A7647163BD0
930
Stromatium chilensis Cerda, 1968, an endemic species from Chile, is placed in Malcho Mondaca and Beéche, new genus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Hesperophanini). The new genus is compared with Stromatium Audinet-Serville, included in a previous key to Hesperophanini, and a diagnosis and illustrations of the species are provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:215682BF-4BBD-4C7F-BD30-FCF5285C8DB2
928
We present 112 new and unusual host records for 63 species and subspecies of Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) from the Western Hemisphere in modified taxonomic order according to the Synoptic Catalog of Hymenoptera (Krombein 1979). These records supplement those reported in a recent study by Kurczewski et al. (2020b). New and atypical genus and species host records are given for the genera Calopompilus Ashmead, Herbstellus Wahis, Pepsis Fabricius, Priocnessus Banks, Entypus Dahlbom, Pompilocalus RoigAlsina, Sphictostethus Kohl, Priocnemis Schiødte, Caliadurgus Fabricius, Epipompilus Kohl, Auplopus Spinola, Ageniella Banks, Eragenia Banks, Agenioideus Ashmead, Sericopompilus Howard, Poecilopompilus Ashmead, Tachypompilus Ashmead, and Priochilus (Fabricius). New host spider families are introduced for species of Calopompilus (Nemesiidae), Pepsis (Idiopidae, Pycnothelidae), Priocnessus (Euagridae), Entypus (Agelenidae), Ageniella (Theridiidae, Zoropsidae), Agenioideus (Theridiidae), Poecilopompilus (Salticidae), Tachypompilus (Anyphaenidae, Xenoctenidae, Pycnothelidae), Xerochares (Sparassidae), and Priochilus (Agelenidae). Curicaberis ?culiacans Rheims (Sparassidae), as prey of Xerochares expulsus (Schulz), is the first host record for this rare monotypic genus. Four new host spider families are reported from the Western Hemisphere for the first time: Idiopidae for Pepsis terminata, Pycnothelidae for Pepsis completa Smith and Tachypompilus mendozae (Dalla Torre), Euagridae for Priocnessus hurdi Dreisbach, and Xenoctenidae for T. mendozae. Pycnothelidae represents the first host record of a mygalomorph spider [Acanthogonatus ?incursus (Chamberlin)] for the worldwide genus Tachypompilus, based on more than 2500 host records. Amputation of the host spider’s legs and Ageniellini method of prey transport is highly unique in Poecilopompilus mixtus.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:48EC3DE6-45D1-40E2-8C4D-2D8788058CAC
927
Eight new species of Eucosmocydia Diakonoff are described and illustrated from the Afrotropical region: E. pappeana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. deinbolliana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. ugandensis Aarvik, new species (TL: Uganda); E. lecaniodiscana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. nigeriana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Nigeria); E. pancoviana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); E. kirimiriana Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Kenya); and E. macabensis Brown and Razowski, new species (TL: Mauritius). Three additional species are transferred to the genus: E. hymenosa (Razowski, 2013), new combination (TL: Nigeria); E. chlorobathra (Meyrick, 1911), new combination (TL: Seychelles); and E. trigonoptila (Meyrick, 1921), new combination (TL: Mozambique). We also transfer to the genus E. catamochla (Meyrick, 1932), new combination (TL: Indonesia), the first species recorded outside the Afrotropical region. We recognize two species groups in Eucosmocydia, and this contribution focuses on the oedipus Diakonoff, 1988 group (n = 13 species), the males of which are characterized by a unique flattened lobe from the base of the hindwing. Six species from Kenya were reared exclusively from native fruit of Sapindaceae; E. mixographa (Meyrick) was formerly reported from Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AE18CA26-20E8-48D3-ABD0-22A0D9891065
926
The black weevil, Aclees taiwanensis Kôno (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the primary pests of fig trees in southeastern Asia and southern Europe. Thought to be of subtropical and tropical Asian origin, including China, the weevil was first found in southern areas of South Korea in July 2020. Subsequently, it was found in the following five cities: Haenam, Hampyeong, Jindo, Sinan, and Tongyeong (RDA 2020). Attempts to trace a possible pathway for the exotic black weevil suggested that this species probably followed pathways of illegal importation of infested plants from Taiwan and was unintentionally introduced into South Korea based on analysis of a Pest Information System (PIS) database, a phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) sequences data, and interviews with fig growers. In addition, this exotic weevil could expand to other regions of South Korea since proper control methods for this weevil pest have not yet been developed and some fig trees are cultivated using eco-friendly farming practices. Therefore, constant monitoring will be required for the invasive alien weevil species which seriously damages the trunk of fig trees.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9D72525F-608D-4028-A24D-9F3F866257F9
925
This paper is the sequel to a 20 year-long (2002–2021) study of geographic variation in host selection in the common American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Entypus unifasciatus (Say) (Pepsini) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Pompilini) (rusty spider wasp). Geography and host spider family are strongly linked in both species when 3387 host spider locality records from the years 1918–2021 are mapped. Entypus unifasciatus lycosid host records are plentiful from 43–44° N in the United States and southern Ontario to northern Mexico. Tachypompilus ferrugineus lycosid host records are abundant from southern Ontario and New England southward to Mexico east of the Rocky Mountains. The vast majority (~80%) of E. unifasciatus and T. ferrugineus pisaurid host records are from the southeastern United States. Trechaleid host records for E. unifasciatus and T. ferrugineus are predominant in southern Mexico and Central America,
while ctenid host records for these spider wasps are prevalent in Central America and, especially, South America. All E. unifasciatus sparassid host records are from extreme southwestern United States and northern Mexico, whereas T. ferrugineus sparassid host records are scattered from Texas, Florida and Hispaniola/Puerto Rico southward to Panama and Brazil. Based on this study Lycosidae is the predominant host spider family in the Americas for E. unifasciatus (83.1%) and T. ferrugineus (64.0%) followed by Pisauridae (4.9%, 24.8%), Trechaleidae (4.2%, 6.0%), Ctenidae (4.3%, 2.7%), and Sparassidae (3.1%, 1.6%). Lycosidae and Pisauridae are overrepresented in this study as most host records (88.1%) are from the United States and Ontario, Canada where such species are abundant. Trechaleidae and Ctenidae are grossly underrepresented as host records from Mexico, Central America and South America are scarce (11.9%). Zoropsidae/Miturgidae and Zoropsidae / Agelenidae / Selenopidae are atypical host spider families for E. unifasciatus (0.2%, 0.2%) and T. ferrugineus (0.7%, 0.2%, <0.1%), respectively. Rabidosa rabida (Walckenaer) (Lycosidae) (rabid wolf spider) is the predominant host spider species for both E. unifasciatus (47.7%) and T. ferrugineus (48.0%) based mainly on United States host records.
924
923
Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an invasive and highly destructive pest of beans, is recorded for the first time for Honduras. The species is illustrated to aid in its identification. Specimens were collected from Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean), Crotalaria juncea L. (sunn hemp), and Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC (butter daisy).
922
Grishinata Robbins and Busby, new genus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini), possesses a fivesegmented foretarsus with a clawed pretarsus, a trait that differentiates it from all eumaeine genera except Theclopsis Godman and Salvin. Grishinata penny Busby, Hall, and Robbins, new species, differs from all species of Theclopsis (and most Eumaeini) in lacking male secondary sexual organs on the wings or in the abdomen. It is recorded from the eastern slope of the Andes in Ecuador and Peru. We cannot place Grishinata penny in an existing Eumaeini genus based upon its wing pattern, male foreleg structure, lack of male secondary sexual organs, and male genitalic morphology. We propose names for the genus and species to document its leg morphology and to provide a name for a genome sequencing project, which will allow us to place the genus in the eumaeine Linnaean hierarchy.
921
Our expanded efforts in genomic sequencing to cover additional skipper butterfly (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) species and populations, including primary type specimens, call for taxonomic changes to restore monophyly and correct misidentifications by moving taxa between genera and proposing new names. Reconciliation between phenotypic characters and genomic trees suggests three new tribes, two new subtribes, 23 new genera, 17 new subgenera and 10 new species that are proposed here: Psolosini Grishin, new tribe (type genus Psolos Staudinger, 1889), Ismini Grishin, new tribe (type genus Isma Distant, 1886), Eetionini Grishin, new tribe (type genus Eetion de Nicéville, 1895), Orphina Grishin, new subtribe (type genus Orphe Godman, 1901), Carystoidina Grishin, new subtribe (type genus Carystoides Godman, 1901), Fulvatis Grishin, new genus (type species Telegonus fulvius Plötz, 1882), Adina Grishin, new genus (type species Nascus adrastor Mabille and Boullet, 1912), Ornilius Grishin, new genus (type species Ornilius rotundus Grishin, new species), Tolius Grishin, new genus (type species Antigonus tolimus Plötz, 1884), Lennia Grishin, new genus (type species Leona lena Evans, 1937), Trida Grishin, new genus (type species Cyclopides barberae Trimen, 1873), Noxys Grishin, new genus (type species Oxynthes viricuculla Hayward, 1951), Gracilata Grishin, new genus (type species Enosis quadrinotata Mabille, 1889), Hermio Grishin, new genus (type species Falga ? hermione Schaus, 1913), Eutus Grishin, new genus (type species Cobalus rastaca Schaus, 1902), Gufa Grishin, new genus (type species Phlebodes gulala Schaus, 1902), Godmia Grishin, new genus (type species Euroto chlorocephala Godman, 1900), Rhomba Grishin, new genus (type species Eutychide gertschi Bell, 1937), Rectava Grishin, new genus (type species Megistias ignarus Bell, 1932), Contrastia Grishin, new genus (type species Hesperia distigma Plötz, 1882), Mit Grishin, new genus (type species Mnasitheus badius Bell, 1930), Picova Grishin, new genus (type species Vorates steinbachi Bell, 1930), Lattus Grishin, new genus (type species Eutocus arabupuana Bell, 1932), Gubrus Grishin, new genus (type species Vehilius lugubris Lindsey, 1925), Koria Grishin, new genus (type species Hesperia kora Hewitson, 1877), Corta Grishin, new genus (type species Eutychide lycortas Godman, 1900), Calvetta Grishin, new genus (type species Hesperia calvina Hewitson, 1866), Oz Grishin, new genus (type species Astictopterus ozias Hewitson, 1878), Praxa Grishin, new subgenus (type species Nascus prax Evans, 1952), Bron Grishin, new subgenus (type species Papilio broteas Cramer, 1780), Turis Grishin, new subgenus (type species Pyrgus 1955, and Synale Mabille, 1904 of Carystus Hübner, [1819]. The following 20 genera are treated as junior subjective synonyms: Leucochitonea Wallengren, 1857 of Abantis Hopffer, 1855; Sapaea Plötz, 1879 and Netrobalane Mabille, 1903 of Caprona Wallengren, 1857; Parasovia Devyatkin, 1996 of Sebastonyma Watson, 1893; Pemara Eliot, 1978 of Oerane Elwes and Edwards, 1897; Ankola Evans, 1937 of Pardaleodes Butler, 1870; Arotis Mabille, 1904 of Mnaseas Godman, 1901; Chalcone Evans, 1955, Hansa Evans, 1955, and Propertius Evans, 1955 of Metrocles Godman, 1900; Jongiana O. Mielke and Casagrande, 2002 of Cobaloides Hayward, 1939; Pamba Evans, 1955 of Psoralis Mabille, 1904; Brownus Grishin, 2019 of Styriodes Schaus, 1913; Mnasilus Godman, 1900 of Papias Godman, 1900; Sucova Evans, 1955 of Mnasitheus Godman, 1900; Pyrrhocalles Mabille, 1904 and Asbolis Mabille, 1904 of Choranthus Scudder, 1872; Miltomiges Mabille, 1903 of Methionopsis Godman, 1901; Sacrator Evans, 1955 of Thracides Hübner, [1819]; and Lychnuchoides Godman, 1901 of Perichares Scudder, 1872. Arunena Swinhoe, 1919 is a junior subjective synonym of Stimula de Nicéville, 1898 (not of Koruthaialos Watson, 1893). The following 27 names are species-level taxa (some in new combinations) reinstated from synonymy: Salantoia gildo (Mabille, 1888) (not Salatis cebrenus (Cramer, 1777)), Bungalotis corentinus (Plötz, 1882) (not Bungalotis midas (Cramer, 1775)), Telegonus cretellus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (not Telegonus cassander (Fabricius, 1793)), Santa palica (Mabille, 1888) (not Chiothion asychis (Stoll, 1780)), Camptopleura cincta Mabille and Boullet, 1917 (not Camptopleura auxo (Möschler, 1879)), Camptopleura orsus (Mabille, 1889) (not Nisoniades mimas (Cramer, 1775)), Metron voranus (Mabille, 1891) and Metron fasciata (Möschler, 1877) (not Metron zimra (Hewitson, 1877)), Limochores catahorma (Dyar, 1916) (not Limochores pupillus (Plötz, 1882)), Pares viridiceps (Mabille, 1889) (not Thoon modius (Mabille, 1889)), Tigasis wellingi (Freeman, 1969) (not Tigasis arita (Schaus, 1902)), Rectava sobrinus (Schaus, 1902) (not Papias phainis Godman, 1900), Nastra subsordida (Mabille, 1891) (not Adlerodea asema (Mabille, 1891), previously in Eutychide Godman, 1900), Lerema pattenii Scudder, 1872 (not Lerema accius (J. E. Smith, 1797)), Lerema (Morys) ancus (Möschler, 1879) (not Cymaenes tripunctus theogenis (Capronnier, 1874)), Cobalopsis zetus (Bell, 1942) (not Cobalopsis nero (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), Lerema (Geia) etelka (Schaus, 1902) (not Lerema (Geia) geisa (Möschler, 1879), previously in Morys Godman, 1900), Cymaenes isus (Godman, 1900) (not Cymaenes trebius (Mabille, 1891)), Vehilius labdacus (Godman, 1900) (not Vehilius inca (Scudder, 1872)), Papias amyrna (Mabille, 1891) (not Papias allubita (Butler, 1877), previously in Mnasilus Godman, 1900), Papias integra (Mabille, 1891) (not Papias subcostulata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1870)), Metiscus atheas Godman, 1900 (not Hesperia achelous Plötz, 1882), Dion agassus (Mabille, 1891) (not Dion uza (Hewitson, 1877), previously in Enosis Mabille, 1889), Picova incompta (Hayward, 1942) (not Lerema (Morys) micythus (Godman, 1900), previously in Morys Godman, 1900), Lucida melitaea (Draudt, 1923) (not Lucida lucia (Capronnier, 1874)), Methionopsis modestus Godman, 1901 (not Methionopsis ina (Plötz, 1882)), and Thargella (Volus) volasus (Godman, 1901) (not Eutocus facilis (Plötz, 1884)). The following 57 taxa are elevated from subspecies to species, new status (some in new combinations): Dyscophellus doriscus (Hewitson, 1867) (not Dyscophellus porcius (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1862), Phocides vida (A. Butler, 1872) (not Phocides urania (Westwood, 1852)), Tagiades (Daimio) ceylonica Evans, 1932 (not Tagiades litigiosa Möschler, 1878), Tagiades (Daimio) tubulus Fruhstorfer, 1910 (not Tagiades sambavana Elwes and Edwards, 1897), Tagiades (Daimio) kina Evans, 1934, Tagiades (Daimio) sheba Evans, 1934, Tagiades (Daimio) martinus Plötz, 1884, Tagiades (Daimio) sem Mabille, 1883, and Tagiades (Daimio) neira Plötz, 1885 (not Tagiades trebellius (Hopffer, 1874)), Tagiades (Daimio) korela Mabille, 1891 and Tagiades (Daimio) presbyter Butler, 1882 (not Tagiades nestus (C. Felder, 1860)), Tagiades obscurus Mabille, 1876, Tagiades ravi (Moore, [1866]), Tagiades atticus (Fabricius, 1793), Tagiades titus Plötz, 1884, Tagiades janetta Butler, 1870, Tagiades inconspicua Rothschild, 1915, and Tagiades hovia Swinhoe, 1904 (not Tagiades japetus (Stoll, [1781])), Tagiades silvia Evans, 1934 and Tagiades elegans Mabille, 1877 (not Tagiades gana (Moore, [1866])), Tapena bornea Evans, 1941 and Tapena minuscula Elwes and Edwards, 1897 (not Tapena thwaitesi Moore, [1881]), Darpa dealbata (Distant, 1886) (not Darpa pteria (Hewitson, 1868)), Perus manx (Evans, 1953) (not Perus minor (Schaus, 1902)), Canesia pallida (Röber, 1925) (not Carrhenes canescens (R. Felder, 1869)), Carrhenes conia Evans, 1953 (not Carrhenes fuscescens (Mabille, 1891)), Anisochoria extincta Hayward, 1933 and Anisochoria polysticta Mabille, 1876 (not Anisochoria pedaliodina (Butler, 1870)), Anisochoria verda Evans, 1953 (not Anisochoria minorella Mabille, 1898), Bralus alco (Evans, 1953) (not Bralus albida (Mabille, 1888)), Ephyriades jamaicensis (Möschler, 1879) (not Ephyriades brunnea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865)), Koruthaialos (Stimula) frena Evans, 1949 (not Koruthaialos focula (Plötz, 1882)), Euphyes kiowah (Reakirt, 1866) (not Euphyes vestris (Boisduval, 1852)), Mnaseas inca Bell, 1930 (not Mnaseas bicolor (Mabille, 1889)), Metron hypochlora (Draudt, 1923) (not Metrocles schrottkyi (Giacomelli, 1911), previously in Metron Godman, 1900), Decinea huasteca (H. Freeman, 1969), Decinea denta Evans, 1955, and Decinea antus (Mabille, 1895) (not Decinea decinea (Hewitson, 1876)), Xeniades pteras Godman, 1900 (not Xeniades chalestra (Hewitson, 1866)), Xeniades difficilis Draudt, 1923 (not Xeniades orchamus (Cramer, 1777)), Xeniades hermoda (Hewitson, 1870) (not Tisias quadrata (HerrichSchäffer, 1869)), Hermio vina (Evans, 1955) (not Hermio hermione (Schaus, 1913), previously in Lento Evans, 1955), Cymaenes loxa Evans, 1955, (not Cymaenes laureolus (Schaus, 1913)), Niconiades peri (Evans, 1955) (not Rhinthon bajula (Schaus, 1902), previously in Neoxeniades Hayward, 1938), Gallio danius (Bell, 1941) (not Vehilius seriatus (Mabille, 1891)), Gallio massarus (E. Bell, 1940) (not Gallio garima (Schaus, 1902) previously in Tigasis Godman, 1900), Cymaenes edata (Plötz, 1882), Cymaenes miqua (Dyar, 1913) and Cymaenes aequatoria (Hayward, 1940) (not Cymaenes odilia (Burmeister, 1878)), Lychnuchus (Enosis) demon (Evans, 1955) (not Lychnuchus (Enosis) immaculata (Hewitson, 1868), previously in Enosis Mabille, 1889), Naevolus naevus Evans, 1955 (not Naevolus orius (Mabille, 1883)), Lucida scopas (Mabille, 1891), Lucida oebasus (Godman, 1900), and Lucida leopardus (Weeks, 1901) (not Lucida lucia (Capronnier, 1874)), Corticea schwarzi (E. Bell, 1941) and Corticea sylva (Hayward, 1942) (not Corticea mendica (Mabille, 1898)), and Choranthus orientis (Skinner, 1920) (not Choranthus antiqua (Herrich-Schäffer, 1863), previously in Pyrrhocalles Mabille, 1904). Borbo impar bipunctata (Elwes and J. Edwards, 1897) is a valid subspecies, not a synonym of Borbo impar tetragraphus (Mabille, 1891), here placed in synonymy with Lotongus calathus (Hewitson, 1876), new synonym. We confirm the species status of Telegonus cassius (Evans, 1952) and Lerema (Morys) valda Evans, 1955. Euphyes chamuli Freeman, 1969 is placed as a subspecies of Euphyes kiowah (Reakirt, 1866), new status. The following 41 taxa are junior subjective synonyms, either newly proposed or transferred from synonymy with other species or subspecies: Telegonus mutius Plötz, 1882 of Euriphellus phraxanor (Hewitson, 1876), Telegonus erythras Mabille, 1888 of Dyscophellus damias (Plötz, 1882), Aethilla jaira Butler, 1870 of Telegonus cretellus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), Paches era Evans, 1953 of Santa palica (Mabille, 1888), Antigonus alburnea Plötz, 1884 of Tolius tolimus robigus (Plötz, 1884) (not of Echelatus sempiternus simplicior (Möschler, 1877)), Echelatus depenicillus Strand, 1921 of E. sempiternus simplicior (not of T. tolimus robigus), Antigonus aura Plötz, 1884 of Theagenes dichrous (Mabille, 1878) (not of Helias phalaenoides palpalis (Latreille, [1824])), Achlyodes impressus Mabille, 1889 of Camptopleura orsus (Mabille, 1889), Augiades tania Schaus, 1902 of Metron voranus (Mabille, 1891), Pamphila verdanta Weeks, 1906 of Metron fasciata (Möschler, 1877), Niconiades viridis vista Evans, 1955 of Niconiades derisor (Mabille, 1891), Pamphila binaria Mabille, 1891 of Conga chydaea (A. Butler, 1877) (not of Cynea cynea (Hewitson, 1876)), Psoralis concolor Nicolay, 1980 of Ralis immaculatus (Hayward, 1940), Hesperia dido Plötz, 1882 of Cynea (Quinta) cannae (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (not of Lerema lochius (Plötz, 1882)), Proteides osembo Möschler, 1883 of Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (not of Cynea (Quinta) cannae (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), Cobalopsis brema E. Bell, 1959 of Eutus rastaca (Schaus, 1902), Psoralis panamensis Anderson and Nakamura, 2019 of Rhomba gertschi (Bell, 1937), Cobalus asella Herrich-Schäffer, 1869 of Amblyscirtes alternata (Grote and Robinson, 1867) (not of Amblyscirtes vialis (W. H. Edwards, 1862)), Papias trimacula Nicolay, 1973 of Nastra subsordida (Mabille, 1891), Pamphila bipunctata Mabille, 1889 and Sarega staurus Mabille, 1904 of Lerema pattenii Scudder, 1872 (not of Cymaenes lumina (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), previously in Lerema Scudder, 1872), Hesperia aethra Plötz, 1886 of Lerema lineosa (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865) (not of Lerema (Morys) compta Butler, 1877), Megistias miaba Schaus, 1902 of Cobalopsis valerius (Möschler, 1879), Phanis sylvia Kaye, 1914 of Lerema etelka (Schaus, 1902) (not of Lerema (Geia) geisa (Möschler, 1879), previously in Morys Godman, 1900), Carystus odilia Burmeister, 1878, Pamphila trebius Mabille, 1891 and Megistias corescene Schaus, 1902 of Cymaenes lumina (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), Hesperia phocylides Plötz, 1882 of Cymaenes edata (Plötz, 1882) (not of Lerema accius (J. E. Smith, 1797)), Pamphila xenos Mabille, 1898 of Vehilius inca (Scudder, 1872), Mnasilus guianae Lindsey, 1925 of Papias amyrna (Mabille, 1891), Pamphila nubila Mabille, 1891 of Papias integra (Mabille, 1891) (not of Cynea corisana (Plötz, 1882)), Enosis matheri H. Freeman, 1969 of Metiscus atheas Godman, 1900 (previously in Enosis Mabille, 1889), Hesperia infuscata Plötz, 1882 of Mnaseas derasa derasa (Herrich-Schäffer, 1870) (previously Arotis Mabille, 1904), (not of Papias subcostulata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1870)), Pamphila astur Mabille, 1891 of Metiscus angularis (Möschler, 1877) (not of Cymaenes tripunctus theogenis (Capronnier, 1874)), Anthoptus macalpinei H. Freeman, 1969 of Anthoptus inculta (Dyar, 1918), Methionopsis typhon Godman, 1901 of Methionopsis ina (Plötz, 1882), Methionopsis dolor Evans, 1955 of Thargella volasus (Godman, 1901), Hesperia cinica Plötz, 1882 of Dubiella dubius (Stoll, 1781), Cobalus disjuncta Herrich-Schäffer, 1869 of Dubiella dubius (Stoll, 1781) (not of Vettius lafrenaye (Latreille, [1824])), and Saliana vixen Evans, 1955 of Neoxeniades parna (Evans, 1955). The following are new and revised genusspecies combinations: Euriphellus cebrenus (Cramer, 1777) (not Salatis Evans, 1952), Gorgopas extensa (Mabille, 1891) (not Polyctor Evans, 1953), Clytius shola (Evans, 1953) (not Staphylus Godman and Salvin, 1896), Perus narycus (Mabille, 1889) (not Ouleus Lindsey, 1925), Perus parvus (Steinhauser and Austin, 1993) (not Staphylus Godman and Salvin, 1896), Pholisora litus (Dyar, 1912) (not Bolla Mabille, 1903), Carrhenes decens (A. Butler, 1874) (not Antigonus Hübner, [1819]), Santa palica (Mabille, 1888) (not Chiothion Grishin, 2019), Bralus nadia (Nicolay, 1980) (not Anisochoria Mabille, 1876), Acerbas sarala (de Nicéville, 1889) (not Lotongus Distant, 1886), Caenides sophia (Evans, 1937) (not Hypoleucis Mabille, 1891), Hypoleucis dacena (Hewitson, 1876) (not Caenides Holland, 1896), Dotta tura (Evans, 1951) (not Astictopterus C. Felder and R. Felder, 1860), Nervia wallengrenii (Trimen, 1883) (not Kedestes Watson, 1893), Testia mammaea (Hewitson, 1876) (not Decinea Evans, 1955), Oxynthes trinka (Evans, 1955) (not Orthos Evans, 1955), Metrocles argentea (Weeks, 1901) (not Paratrytone Godman, 1900), Metrocles scitula (Hayward, 1951) (not Mucia Godman, 1900), Metrocles schrottkyi (Giacomelli, 1911) (not Metron Godman, 1900), Niconiades derisor (Mabille, 1891) (not Decinea Evans, 1955), Paratrytone samenta (Dyar, 1914) (not Ochlodes Scudder, 1872), Oligoria (Cobaloides) locutia (Hewitson, 1876) (not Quinta Evans, 1955), Psoralis (Saniba) laska (Evans, 1955) (not Vidius Evans, 1955), Psoralis (Saniba) arva (Evans, 1955) and Psoralis (Saniba) umbrata (Erschoff, 1876) (not Vettius Godman, 1901), Psoralis (Saniba) calcarea (Schaus, 1902) and Psoralis (Saniba) visendus (E. Bell, 1942) (not Molo Godman, 1900), Alychna gota (Evans, 1955) (not Psoralis Mabille, 1904), Adlerodea asema (Mabille, 1891) and Adlerodea subpunctata (Hayward, 1940) (not Eutychide Godman, 1900), Ralis immaculatus (Hayward, 1940) (not Mucia Godman, 1900), Rhinthon braesia (Hewitson, 1867) and Rhinthon bajula (Schaus, 1902) (not Neoxeniades Hayward, 1938), Cymaenes lochius Plötz, 1882 (not Lerema Scudder, 1872), Paracarystus ranka (Evans, 1955) (not Thoon Godman, 1900), Tricrista aethus (Hayward, 1951), Tricrista canta (Evans, 1955), Tricrista slopa (Evans, 1955), Tricrista circellata (Plötz, 1882), and Tricrista taxes (Godman, 1900) (not Thoon Godman, 1900), Gallio madius (E. Bell, 1941) and Gallio seriatus (Mabille, 1891) (not Vehilius Godman, 1900), Gallio garima (Schaus, 1902) (not Tigasis Godman, 1900), Tigasis corope (HerrichSchäffer, 1869) (not Cynea Evans, 1955), Tigasis perloides (Plötz, 1882) (not Cymaenes Scudder, 1872), Amblyscirtes (Flor) florus (Godman, 1900) (not Repens Evans, 1955), Vidius fraus (Godman, 1900) (not Cymaenes Scudder, 1872), Nastra celeus (Mabille, 1891) (not Vehilius Godman, 1900), Nastra nappa (Evans, 1955) (not Vidius Evans, 1955), Vehilius warreni (Weeks, 1901) and Vehilius limae (Lindsey, 1925) (not Cymaenes Scudder, 1872), Cymaenes lumina (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (not Lerema Scudder, 1872), Cobalopsis valerius (Möschler, 1879) (not Cobalopsis Godman, 1900), Cobalopsis dictys (Godman, 1900) (not Papias Godman, 1900), Lerema (Morys) venias (Bell, 1942) (not Cobalopsis Godman, 1900), Papias latonia (Schaus, 1913) (not Cobalopsis Godman, 1900), Dion iccius (Evans, 1955) and Dion uza (Hewitson, 1877) (not Enosis Mabille, 1889), Vistigma (Vistigma) opus (Steinhauser, 2008) (not Thoon Godman, 1900), Saturnus fartuga (Schaus, 1902) (not Parphorus Godman, 1900), Phlebodes fuldai (E. Bell, 1930) (not Vettius Godman, 1901), Mnasitheus padus (Evans, 1955) (not Moeris Godman, 1900), Naevolus brunnescens (Hayward, 1939) (not Psoralis Mabille, 1904), Lamponia ploetzii (Capronnier, 1874) (not Vettius Godman, 1901), Mnestheus silvaticus Hayward, 1940 (not Ludens Evans, 1955), Rigga spangla (Evans, 1955) (not Sodalia Evans, 1955), Corticea vicinus (Plötz, 1884) (not Lento Evans, 1955), Mnasalcas thymoetes (Hayward, 1942) (not Mnasicles Godman, 1901), Mnasalcas boyaca (Nicolay, 1973) (not Pamba Evans, 1955), Vertica brasta (Evans, 1955) (not Lychnuchus Hübner, [1831]), Carystina discors Plötz, 1882 (not Cobalus Hübner, [1819]), Zetka irena (Evans, 1955) (not Neoxeniades Hayward, 1938), and Neoxeniades parna (Evans, 1955) (not Niconiades Hübner, [1821]). The following are new or revised species-subspecies combinations: Tagiades neira moti Evans, 1934, Tagiades neira canonicus Fruhstorfer, 1910, Tagiades sheba vella Evans, 1934, Tagiades sheba lola Evans, 1945, Tagiades korela biakana Evans, 1934, Tagiades korela mefora Evans, 1934, Tagiades korela suffusus Rothschild, 1915, Tagiades korela brunta Evans, 1949, Tagiades ravi ravina Fruhstorfer, 1910, Tagiades atticus carnica Evans, 1934, Tagiades atticus nankowra Evans, 1934, Tagiades atticus helferi C. Felder, 1862, Tagiades atticus balana Fruhstorfer, 1910, Tagiades inconspicua mathias Evans, 1934, Tagiades hovia kazana Evans, 1934, Tagiades elegans fuscata de Jong and Treadaway, 2007, Tagiades elegans semperi Fruhstorfer, 1910, Metron hypochlora tomba Evans, 1955, Decinea denta pruda Evans, 1955, and Choranthus orientis eleutherae (Bates, 1934) (previously in Pyrrhocalles Mabille, 1904). In addition to the abovementioned changes, the following new combinations involve newly proposed genus group names: Fulvatis fulvius (Plötz, 1882) and Fulvatis scyrus (E. Bell, 1934) (not Salatis Evans, 1952); Adina adrastor (Mabille and Boullet, 1912) (not Bungalotis Watson, 1893); Nascus (Praxa) prax Evans, 1952, Nascus (Bron) broteas (Cramer, 1780), and Nascus (Bron) solon (Plötz, 1882) (not Pseudonascus Austin, 2008); Chirgus (Turis) veturius (Plötz, 1884); Paches (Tiges) liborius (Plötz, 1884), and Paches (Tiges) mutilatus (Hopffer, 1874) (not Antigonus Hübner, [1819]); Paches (Tiges) exosa (A. Butler, 1877); Tolius tolimus (Plötz, 1884) and Tolius luctuosus (Godman & Salvin, 1894) (not Echelatus Godman and Salvin, 1894); Ancistroides (Ocrypta) caerulea (Evans, 1928), Ancistroides (Ocrypta) renardi (Oberthür, 1878), Ancistroides (Ocrypta) waigensis (Plötz, 1882), Ancistroides (Ocrypta) aluensis (Swinhoe, 1907), Ancistroides (Ocrypta) flavipes (Janson, 1886), and Ancistroides (Ocrypta) maria (Evans, 1949) (not Notocrypta de Nicéville, 1889); Lennia lena (Evans, 1937), Lennia binoevatus (Mabille, 1891), Lennia maracanda (Hewitson, 1876), and Lennia lota (Evans, 1937) (not Leona Evans, 1937); Trida barberae (Trimen, 1873) and Trida sarahae (Henning and Henning, 1998) (not Kedestes Watson, 1893); Noxys viricuculla (Hayward, 1951) (not Oxynthes Godman, 1900); Xeniades (Tixe) quadrata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), Xeniades (Tixe) rinda (Evans, 1955), Xeniades (Tixe) putumayo (Constantino and Salazar, 2013) (not Tisias Godman, 1901); Gracilata quadrinotata (Mabille, 1889) (not Styriodes Schaus, 1913); Hermio hermione (Schaus, 1913) (not Lento Evans, 1955); Cynea (Nycea) hycsos (Mabille, 1891), Cynea (Nycea) corisana (Plötz, 1882), Cynea (Nycea) popla Evans, 1955, Cynea (Nycea) iquita (E. Bell, 1941), Cynea (Nycea) robba Evans, 1955, Cynea (Nycea) melius (Geyer, 1832), and Cynea (Nycea) irma (Möschler, 1879); Eutus rastaca (Schaus, 1902) (not Eutychide Godman, 1900); Eutus yesta (Evans, 1955) (not Thoon Godman, 1900); Eutus mubevensis (E. Bell, 1932) (not Tigasis Godman, 1900); Gufa gulala (Schaus, 1902) (not Mucia Godman, 1900); Gufa fusca (Hayward, 1940) (not Tigasis Godman, 1900); Godmia chlorocephala (Godman, 1900) (not Onophas Godman, 1900); Rhomba gertschi (E. Bell, 1937) (not Justinia Evans, 1955); Mnasicles (Nausia) nausiphanes (Schaus, 1913) (not Tigasis Godman, 1900); Amblyscirtes (Flor) florus (Godman, 1900) (not Repens Evans, 1955); Rectava ignarus (E. Bell, 1932) (not Papias Godman, 1900); Rectava vorgia (Schaus, 1902) (not Cobalopsis Godman, 1900); Rectava nostra (Evans, 1955) (not not Vidius Evans, 1955); Lerema (Geia) geisa (Möschler, 1879) and Lerema (Geia) lyde (Godman, 1900) (not Morys Godman, 1900); Contrastia distigma (Plötz, 1882) (not Cymaenes Scudder, 1872); Mit (Mit) badius (E. Bell, 1930) (not Styriodes Schaus, 1913); Mit (Mit) gemignanii (Hayward, 1940), (not Mnasitheus Godman, 1900); Mit (Rotundia) schausi (Mielke and Casagrande, 2002), (not Enosis Mabille, 1889); Picova steinbachi (E. Bell, 1930) (not Saturnus Evans, 1955); Lattus arabupuana (E. Bell, 1932) (not Eutocus Godman, 1901); Gubrus lugubris (Lindsey, 1925) (not Vehilius Godman, 1900); Thargella (Pseudopapias) tristissimus (Schaus, 1902) (not Papias Godman, 1900); Koria kora (Hewitson, 1877) (not Justinia Evans, 1955); Justinia (Septia) septa Evans, 1955; Corta lycortas (Godman, 1900) (not Orthos Evans, 1955); Vertica (Brasta) brasta (Evans, 1955) (not Lychnuchus Hübner, [1831]); Calvetta calvina (Hewitson, 1866) (not Cobalus Hübner, [1819]); Neoxeniades (Bina) gabina (Godman, 1900) (not Orthos Evans, 1955); Oz ozias (Hewitson, 1878) and Oz sebastiani Salazar and Constantino, 2013 (not Lychnuchoides Godman, 1901); and Carystoides (Balma) balza Evans, 1955 and Carystoides (Balma) maroma (Möschler, 1877). Finally, unless stated otherwise, all subgenera, species, subspecies and synonyms of mentioned genera and species are transferred together with their parent taxa, and taxa not mentioned in this work remain as previously classified.
919
Monogedania, a new fossil monotypic genus of predatory midge (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is described from Eocene Baltic amber and its position within the Monohelea complex is discussed. We discovered that the membranous portion of the aedeagus is extended in Monogedania clunipes (Loew), new combination, which suggests that the aedeagus of some extinct predatory midges can be penis-like. The Eocene Monohelea baltica Szadziewski, is transferred to the genus Schizohelea Kieffer, new combination, and, the previously unknown female is described, and key characters are included in color photographs of its entire habitus, head, distal hind tarsomeres and claws.
918
We describe a new species of Dichotomius Hope, 1838, from the D. agenor species-group from Costa Rica and Nicaragua: D. woodruffi Solís and Kohlmann, new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Based on this discovery, we confirm that Dichotomius enioi Montoya-Molina and Vaz-de-Mello, 2021 and D. agenor (Harold, 1869) are not currently distributed in Costa Rica. Instead, the only species of Dichotomius that are currently distributed in Costa Rica from the D. agenor species-group are D. centralis (Harold, 1869) and D. woodruffi. We discuss the distribution of the Dichotomius agenor species-group in Central America.
917
The beetle genus Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) is found in the cones of cycad genera in the New World, including species of Dioon Lindl., Ceratozamia Brongn., Microcycas (Miq.) A.DC and Zamia L. In this paper nine new species found in Dioon are described by Skelley, Tang and Pérez-Farrera: Pharaxonotha bicolor, P. dimorpha, P. fawcettae, P. gigantea, P. novoai, P. occidentalis, P. sclerotiza, P. woodruffi, P. vovidesi. A key to described species of Pharaxonotha inhabiting Dioon is presented, along with an account of Pharaxonotha kirschii Reitter for comparison.
916
915
A new species of Termitodius Wasmann (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Rhyparini) is described from Colombia, Termitodius woodruffi Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller, new species. This species is both extant and abundantly preserved in copal. The genus Termitodius is reviewed with a key and brief accounts to all species.
914
913
The West Indian genus Onychotillus Chapin (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Tillinae) is revised and includes O. androwi Opitz, new species, O. apiculus Opitz, new species, O. cinctipennis (Chevrolat,1874), O. cubana de Zayas,1988, O. dimidiatus de Zayas,1988, O. lineatus Opitz, new species, O. minutus de Zayas,1988, O. trinitatis de Zayas,1988, O. woodruffi Opitz, new species, and O. vittatus Chapin,1945.
912
. One new genus and three new false click-beetle species (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) are described from American fossil resins: Neusiokia new genus, type species Neusiokia appalachiensis new species (North Carolina resin), Thambus woodruffi new species (Dominican resin) and Asiocnemis colombicus new species (Colombian resin).
911
Lissomus quisqueya new species and L. woodruffi new species are described. Both species are reported from the Dominican Republic on the island of Hispaniola. These are the first species of Lissomus Dalman reported from the Greater Antilles. Lissomus quisqueya is recorded from montane mesic forests in the Cordillera Central from Dajadon and La Vega provinces. Lissomus woodruffi is recorded from Barahona, Independencia and Pedernales provinces from montane mesic forest in the Sierra de Bahoruco. Morphologically, these species are most similar to members of the L. discedens Bonvouloir species group from Mesoamerica and South America. Known sites of occurrence of L. quisqueya and L. woodruffi are remnants of formerly more extensive mesic forests. Some of the specimens were found in secondary forests and ecotonal areas at sites near to primary forest or remnants, and all these forests are threatened by anthropogenic activities and stochastic climate changes.
910
909
Erebaces woodruffi Anderson, new species (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cryptorhynchini), from Palawan (Philippines) is described and illustrated. This is the second species of the genus Erebaces Pascoe described from the Philippines. It can be separated from Erebaces kidapawanus Pancini by the pair of divergent dorsal pale-scaled lines on the pronotum extended onto the elytra and by the form of the elytral tubercles.
908
907
Leptoconops Skuse and Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges are serious pests of mammals, birds, and reptiles and important vectors of viruses, protozoans, and filarial nematodes. Their collection became an important adjunct to mosquito surveillance using light-baited and CO2-baited suction traps in Grand County, Utah, United States, during 1999–2016. During 2017–2020, collecting was expanded to California, Nevada, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and other parts of Utah using an ultraviolet light suction trap. As a result, five species of Leptoconops and 59 species of Culicoides, representing Leptoconops subgenera Holoconops Kieffer and Leptoconops Skuse, Culicoides subgenera Amossovia Glukhova, Beltranmyia Vargas, Diphaomyia Vargas, Drymodesmyia Vargas, Haematomyidium Goeldi, Monoculicoides Khalaf, Selfia Khalaf, Sensiculicoides Shevchenko, Silvaticulicoides Glukhova, Silvicola Mirzaeva and Isaev, and Wirthomyia Vargas, and the Culicoides Leoni, Limai, Palmerae, Piliferus, Saundersi, and Stonei species groups, were collected. Keys to adult males and females and tables of diagnostic characters are provided for identification of 15 species of Leptoconops and 86 species of Culicoides collected, reported by others, or likely to occur in the Southwestern United states west of the Continental Divide. Description references, synonymies, diagnoses, geographic and seasonal distributions, and biological summaries from the available literature are provided. Data on relative abundance in light-baited or CO2-baited traps are provided for the species collected. Intersex specimens and specimens parasitized by mites or mermithid nematodes are tabulated. Culicoides (Drymodesmyia) bakeri Vargas is reported from California (new United States record). New state records of other species for Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico of the United States and for the Mexico states of Puebla, San Luis Potosi, and Oaxaca are reported. Culicoides salihi Khalaf is assigned to the subgenus Diphaomyia of Culicoides (new status). Culicoides stellifer (Coquillett) is reassigned to the subgenus Haematomyidium of Culicoides (new status). Culicoides travisi Vargas is assigned to the subgenus Sensiculicoides of Culicoides (new status). Culicoides luglani Jones and Wirth is reassigned to the Culicoides Limai group (new status). Confusion over species limits was evident between Culicoides cacticola Wirth and Hubert and Culicoides torridus Wirth and Hubert, between C. travisi and Culicoides kibunensis Tokunaga, between Culicoides doeringae Atchley and Culicoides lophortygis Atchley and Wirth, between Culicoides owyheensis Jones and Wirth and Culicoides mortivallis Wirth and Blanton, and between Culicoides cockerellii (Coquillett), Culicoides neomontanus Wirth, and Culicoides sierrensis Wirth and Blanton. Several new species, hybrids, or variants of Culicoides are diagnosed but not formally described: two of subgenus Silvicola, one of the Palmerae group, two of the Piliferus group, and one unplaced to subgenus or species group.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621
905
Revision of the high Andean genus Eremophygus Ohaus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini)
(2022)
The genus Eremophygus Ohaus, 1910 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini), endemic to the Andean biogeographic region, is revised and now includes two altiplanic species: Eremophygus lasiocalinus Ohaus, 1915 and Eremophygus philippii Ohaus, 1910. A redescription of the genus and included species, diagnoses, distribution records, and a key to species are provided. Additionally, photographs of the type specimens are included. Based on examination of type specimens of all species-group names, Eremophygus bicolor (Gutiérrez, 1951) and Eremophygus pachyloides Ohaus, 1925 are new synonyms of Eremophygus lasiocalinus, while Eremophygus leo Gutiérrez, 1951 is a new synonym of Eremophygus philippii. Lectotypes are designated for E. lasiocalinus, E. pachyloides, and E. philippii. Eremophygus philippii is formally reported from Argentina.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CA2B814F-3FD1-44F9-9501-F1FEE3925EF8
904
Ishtarella Martens new genus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) and I. thailandica Martens new species are described and illustrated from Doi Phu Kha National Park, Nan Province, Thailand. The genus is assigned to the tribe Aphidiini, subtribe Trioxina. Based on morphology, Ishtarella appears most closely related to Binodoxys Mackauer. An updated checklist of the aphidiine fauna of Thailand, based on published records, is presented.
903
An interesting new taxon of scarabaeoid beetle is described from western Texas, USA. The remarkably small chafer, Ardella magnaemirabilis new genus, new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Ardellini) is described and compared to other diminutive scarabaeoid genera from drier habitats of the southwestern USA. The tribe Ardellini, new tribe, is erected to accommodate the unusual genus.
902
Macrophotographs in series taken by Alice Abela on sandy coastal dunes in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties, CA in 2010–2021 supplement and enhance F. X. Williams (1928) study of the ecology and nesting behavior of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Aporini). Abela’s macrophotographs and observations provide new details of adult wasp feeding, functional morphology, hunting, digging and prey transport, and host spider trapdoor, entrance, burrow structure, host capture and escape activity. Newly reported host records from this study and online photographs expand A. hirsutus host selection in the large wafer-lid trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae). The A. hirsutus California geographic distribution map by Wasbauer and Kimsey (1985) is updated, thereby providing a broader definition of intraspecific variation in this species.
901
New larval host plants and ecological observations on North American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)
(2021)
New larval hosts are presented for 152 North American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Larval host plants of Aneflus calvatus Horn in Leng, Aneflomorpha arizonica Linsley, Aneflomorpha fisheri Linsley, Aneflomorpha opacicornis Linsley, Anelaphus magnipunctatus (Knull), Atylostagma glabra Schaeffer, Cacophrissus pauper Bates, Elytroleptus limpianus Skiles and Chemsak, Obrium rubidum LeConte, and Stenelytrana splendens (Knull) are reported for the first time. The types of wood utilized by larvae of Leptorhabdium pictum (Haldeman), Sphenostethus taslei (Buquet), Typocerus lugubris (Say), and Xestoleptura octonotata (Say) are discussed. Notes on larval morphology and larval habits of Aneflus spp. and Stenaspis solitaria (Say), including a correction of a published host plant record for S. solitaria, are provided. Urgleptes sandersoni Gilmour is reported from the United States (Florida) for the first time.
900
899
The ash whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), was first found in southern areas of South Korea during September 2019. During the survey of 2021, no additional specimens of the ash whitefly were found other than the previously reported regions. Attempts to trace a possible pathway for exotic ash whitefly suggested that this species probably followed pathways of illegal importation of infested plants from China or Japan and was unintentionally introduced into South Korea based on a survey-based study. This whitefly has not been intercepted at ports of entry to South Korea on imported plant material between 1999 and 2019 according to the PIS database (2021). Because of its wide host range and an ability to buildup massive populations, it will require continuous monitoring to prevent the spread to other areas of the country and to minimize potential losses of agriculturally and horticulturally important plants.
898
897
New synonymies and notes in Criodion Audinet-Serville (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae)
(2021)
Criodion angustatum Buquet, 1852 a nd C. pilosum Lucas, 1857 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) are synonymized with C. tomentosum Audinet-Serville, 1834. The holotypes of C. angustatum and C. hirsutum, and syntypes of C. pilosum and of C. tuberculatum Gahan, 1892 are illustrated for the first time. One of the type localities of C. tuberculatum is corrected.
896
895
We describe and illustrate a new Neotropical predaceous midge, Parabezzia carlae Huerta, Spinelli and Grogan, new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from males collected by Malaise trap in La Union, Ayutla de los Libres, state of Guerrero, Mexico. We also report a second record of P. alexanderi Wirth from Veracruz, Mexico. A key to the known species in Mexico is included.
894
The jumping bristletail Pedetontus gershneri Allen, 1995 (Microcoryphia: Machilidae) is reported from the state of Alabama, USA, for the first time, extending its known range east-southeast by roughly 588 km. The first partial mtDNA barcode was generated for the species. Notes on color variation and sampling needs of Microcoryphia are briefly discussed.
893
892
891
A statewide survey of Wisconsin’s Attelabidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) was conducted over one full (2012) and two partial (2011, 2013) field seasons. Specimens were collected using a variety of techniques. Fourteen species of Attelabidae in nine genera placed in two subfamilies are now recorded from Wisconsin, with five new state species records and 117 new Wisconsin county records. Generic and specieslevel keys for Wisconsin attelabid species are provided along with generic and species diagnoses. Species treatments also include a synonymy, a description, and information on natural history, phenology, distribution and collecting methods. Dorsal and lateral habitus images are also provided for each species.
890
Fractipes tayrona new species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Eumolpini) is described from a dry forest on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. This locality is very distant from the localities in southeast Brazil, where the other two known species of Fractipes Bechynĕ were described. Male and female genitalia are described for the first time in this genus, and F. tayrona is compared with holotype photographs of F. rhabdopteroides Bechynĕ and F. secundus Bechynĕ and Springlová de Bechynĕ.
889
888
Species-specific ant resemblance in heteronotine membracids (Hemiptera: Membracidae) is reported for the first time, providing evidence for ant mimicry. The shape, integument color and shine of the pronotal process of females of Heteronotus fabulosus Boulard closely resemble workers of the cooccurring giant turtle ant Cephalotes atratus (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The entire membracid appears to mimic a mutualistic relationship between a membracid and a turtle ant.
887
Hamaticherus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) is considered a junior synonym of Cerambyx Linnaeus, 1758. Hamaticherus sensu Audinet-Serville, 1834 is considered a posterior usage of Hamaticherus Dejean, 1821, and an unavailable name. Plocaederus is considered as a new genus, and not a replacement name, proposed by Dejean (1835) to allocate the species included in Hamaticherus sensu Audinet-Serville, 1834. Therefore, a new genus, Hamaederus Santos-Silva, Garcia and Botero,is herein proposed to include the species currently allocated in Plocaederus Dejean, 1835, creating 15 new combinations, and additionally, a new species from French Guiana, Hamaederus allofasciatus Santos-Silva, Garcia and Botero, is described. Furthermore, Plocaederus barauna Martins and Monné, 2002 and Plocaederus confusus Martins and Monné,2002 are proposed as new junior synonyms of Hamaederus yucatecus (Chemsak and Noguera, 1997), and Hamaticherus bellator Audinet-Serville, 1834 is transferred to Plocaederus Dejean,
1835, new combination. New geographical records are provided for Hamaederus fraterculus (Martins), H. glaberrimus (Martins), H. rusticus (Gounelle), and H. yucatecus (Chemsak and Noguera). Hamaederus fasciatus is formally excluded from the fauna of French Guiana. A key to American genera of Cerambycina (Cerambycini) is provided.
886
Platystasius transversus (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) is a rarely collected egg parasitoid of Leptura aurulenta Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Four female specimens were found in Germany, a new country record for the genus and species. Illustrations, DNA barcodes, and an updated distribution are provided. We review its taxonomic history, biology, and ecological associations.
885
Four aphelinid and one encyrtid parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) were collected from Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) infesting twigs and stems of Japanese plum tree (Prunus salicina Lindl.) in a survey conducted in 2020 in South Korea. These were identified as Aphytis proclia (Walker), Encarsia berlesei (Howard), Marietta carnesi (Howard), Pteroptrix orientalis (Silvestri) (Aphelinidae) and Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius (Encyrtidae). In this paper, the list of parasitoid species of P. pentagona that occur on Japanese plum trees in South Korea is updated and a brief diagnosis and photographs of each species are provided.
884
Orsilochides scurrilis (Stål) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) is reported from the United States for the first time based on a specimen collected in Santa Cruz County, Arizona. A key to separate the U.S. species of Orsilochides Kirkaldy is provided. In addition, host plant records and distribution of the other two species of Orsilochides that occur in the U.S., Orsilochides guttata (Herrich-Schäffer) and Orsilochides stictica (Dallas), are analyzed through a combination of digital photo records and museum specimens.
883
Allomyia renoa (Milne, 1935) (Trichoptera: Apataniidae) was described from six females. The male association is verified in this paper. The original type locality information is limited: “Reno, Nev.,‘78, Morrison”. An Allomyia Banks population found at Mount Rose in Washoe County, Nevada, was compared to the A. renoa type material and found to be the conspecific. Figures, descriptions and distribution of male, female, pupal and larval A. renoa are provided.
882
Scirtes goodrichi Springer and Waller, a new species of Scirtes Illiger, 1807 (Coleoptera: Scirtidae: Scirtinae) from Virginia and South Carolina, is described and illustrated. Six species are now recognized for Scirtes in America north of Mexico: S. orbiculatus (Fabricius), S. tibialis Guérin-Méneville, S. oblongus Guérin-Méneville, S. plagiatus Schaeffer and S. goliai Epler. A taxonomic key to the six species of Scirtes is provided.
881
The Nearctic species of Nematodes Berthold (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Macraulacinae: Nemato-dini) are reviewed. Four species are redescribed. One new species, Nematodes rugosipennis Otto (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) is described from Florida, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA. A key to species modified from Muona (2000) is provided for all known species of Nematodes present in the Nearctic region.
880
Thirty-four species of dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) were recorded in Bangladesh, based on field surveys carried out between 2013 and 2020. Five species are reported in Bangladesh for the first time: Bactrocera aethriobasis (Hardy), B. limbifera (Bezzi), B. melania (Hardy and Adachi), B. nigrifemorata Li and Wang, and Dacus jacobi David and Sachin. The attraction of B. nigrifemorata to cue-lure is a new male lure association. An annotated checklist and illustrated key to the species are provided.
879
Two subspecies of Cosmodela duponti (Dejean) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) are elevated to species rank: Cosmodela barmanica (Gestro) and C. indica (Fleutiaux). The lectotypes of all the above-mentioned species are designated as well. Short redescriptions of the three species are provided together with a key, and illustrations of their habitus.
878
Nocturnal multi-species roosts of Cicindelidae (Coleoptera) in a Neotropical lowland rainforest
(2021)
Tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) are frequent predators on the forest floor of the Amazon rainforest. We report on five diurnal sympatric tiger beetle species belonging to the genera Odontocheila Laporte de Castelnau and Poecilochila Rivalier in a terra firme rainforest in South Venezuela. We observed adult beetles for a full year and monitored their nocturnal roosts along two forest paths during the rainy season in 1998. We found up to four species communally roosting on low vegetation along the paths during the night. Multi-species roosts were more often observed than conspecific communal roosts. Although the individual composition of the nocturnal roosts changed frequently, distinct plants were used for several days to weeks. The most individual-rich roosts comprised 10 or 11 adult tiger beetles roosting on one leaf. Observed nocturnal roosts were dominated by O. angulipenis W. Horn and O. margineguttata (Dejean). Most mixed roosts included O. confusa (Dejean), O. angulipenis and O. margineguttata. Low abundances and size differences possibly facilitate the coexistence of these five tiger beetle species. The advantage of communal roosting during the rainy season is probably the reinforcement of their chemical defense.
877
876
875
Emarginata Ballantyne, 2019 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae), is found to be a junior homonym of the bird genus Emarginata Shelley, 1896 (Avis: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae). The new replacement name Emarginoptyx Ballantyne is provided for the SE Asian genus Emarginata Ballantyne, leading to one new combination, Emarginoptyx trilucida (Jeng, Yang and Lai, 2003).
874
873
The present study provides an important contribution to the knowledge of the geographic distribution of Xestotrachelus Bruner, 1913 (Orthoptera: Romaleidae: Romaleini), a monotypic genus comprised of Xestotrachelus robustus (Bruner, 1911) that has a wide geographic distribution in Brazil. Specimens were collected at the Panga Ecological Reserve, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, in the Brazilian Cerrado. We provide a key to distinguish Xestotrachelus from other genera found in South America.
871