European journal of taxonomy : EJT
Paris : Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle
ISSN: 2118-9773
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Part of Periodical (740)
- Article (705)
Language
- English (1445)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1445)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (1445)
Keywords
- taxonomy (499)
- new species (328)
- morphology (139)
- biodiversity (61)
- phylogeny (56)
- systematics (52)
- distribution (47)
- identification key (38)
- integrative taxonomy (37)
- new genus (35)
- Neotropical (32)
- biogeography (31)
- key (30)
- DNA barcoding (27)
- Fulgoroidea (26)
- Taxonomy (26)
- new records (25)
- new taxa (25)
- China (24)
- Neotropical region (24)
- COI (23)
- molecular phylogeny (23)
- Africa (22)
- Neotropics (22)
- diversity (19)
- revision (19)
- conservation (18)
- Madagascar (17)
- Oriental region (17)
- South America (17)
- Southeast Asia (17)
- Afrotropical Region (16)
- Crustacea (16)
- SEM (16)
- new combination (16)
- nomenclature (16)
- Auchenorrhyncha (15)
- endemism (15)
- new record (15)
- planthopper (15)
- parasitoid (14)
- Brazil (13)
- description (13)
- meiofauna (13)
- Oriental Region (12)
- caves (12)
- cryptic species (12)
- new combinations (12)
- species delimitation (12)
- South Africa (11)
- Vietnam (11)
- new synonymy (11)
- synonymy (11)
- Coleoptera (10)
- Europe (10)
- India (10)
- Palaearctic (10)
- barcoding (10)
- endemic (10)
- fauna (10)
- lectotype (10)
- new genera (10)
- 16S (9)
- Afrotropical (9)
- Amphipoda (9)
- Atlantic Forest (9)
- Australia (9)
- Biodiversity (9)
- Mexico (9)
- New Zealand (9)
- Thailand (9)
- redescription (9)
- Andes (8)
- Apoidea (8)
- Arachnida (8)
- New Caledonia (8)
- Polychaeta (8)
- Synspermiata (8)
- aquatic insects (8)
- biodiversity hotspot (8)
- cave (8)
- deep sea (8)
- evolution (8)
- new synonym (8)
- parasitoids (8)
- phylogenetics (8)
- review (8)
- solitary bees (8)
- Afrotropical region (7)
- Diptera (7)
- Eastern Arc (7)
- Hymenoptera (7)
- Indonesia (7)
- Middle East (7)
- Mollusca (7)
- Mygalomorphae (7)
- Neotropic (7)
- Neotropical Region (7)
- New species (7)
- Pholcidae (7)
- bees (7)
- caddisflies (7)
- chaetotaxy (7)
- karst (7)
- key to species (7)
- leafhoppers (7)
- lectotype designation (7)
- parasitoid wasps (7)
- sexual dimorphism (7)
- species diversity (7)
- synonym (7)
- Asia (6)
- DNA barcode (6)
- DNA barcodes (6)
- Ecuador (6)
- Indochina (6)
- Iran (6)
- Malaise trap (6)
- North Africa (6)
- Portugal (6)
- Southern Ocean (6)
- Tardigrada (6)
- deep-sea (6)
- identification (6)
- male genitalia (6)
- morphometrics (6)
- neotype (6)
- new taxon (6)
- osteology (6)
- relationships (6)
- species description (6)
- troglobiont (6)
- Afrotropics (5)
- Amazon (5)
- Amazonia (5)
- Anthophila (5)
- Atlantic (5)
- Atlantic Ocean (5)
- Braconidae (5)
- COI gene (5)
- Cerrado (5)
- Cheilostomata (5)
- Conidae (5)
- Darwin wasps (5)
- Dung beetles (5)
- Gonyleptoidea (5)
- Iberian Peninsula (5)
- Insecta (5)
- Lebanon (5)
- Lepidoptera (5)
- Malaysia (5)
- Millipedes (5)
- North America (5)
- Phthiraptera (5)
- Queensland (5)
- Rhaphidophoridae (5)
- Spain (5)
- Turkey (5)
- West Africa (5)
- Western Australia (5)
- brittle stars (5)
- classification (5)
- continental slope (5)
- freshwater (5)
- identification keys (5)
- narrow-range endemism (5)
- ostracods (5)
- phylogeography (5)
- species complex (5)
- ultrastructure (5)
- Ammonoida (4)
- Anura (4)
- Arabian Peninsula (4)
- Arctic (4)
- Begonia (4)
- Biogeography (4)
- Bryozoa (4)
- Central Africa (4)
- Colombia (4)
- Cretaceous (4)
- Cyprus (4)
- Early Carboniferous (4)
- Eastern Arc Mountains (4)
- Empidoidea (4)
- Entomobryinae (4)
- Fulgoromorpha (4)
- Gabon (4)
- Global Taxonomic Initiative (4)
- Hemiptera (4)
- Indian Ocean (4)
- Indo-West Pacific (4)
- Japan (4)
- Key (4)
- Mediterranean (4)
- Middle Devonian (4)
- Myanmar (4)
- Nautiloidea (4)
- Nearctic (4)
- Oriental (4)
- Ostracoda (4)
- Palearctic (4)
- Papua New Guinea (4)
- Porifera (4)
- Rhenish Mountains (4)
- Scarabaeoidea (4)
- Silvanidae (4)
- South China (4)
- South-East Asia (4)
- Sri Lanka (4)
- Sweden (4)
- Syrphidae (4)
- Systematics (4)
- Taiwan (4)
- Yunnan (4)
- anatomy (4)
- benthos (4)
- cave fauna (4)
- chafers (4)
- checklist (4)
- crustacean (4)
- descriptions (4)
- ecology (4)
- endophallus (4)
- faunistics (4)
- flatworms (4)
- flora (4)
- fossil record (4)
- genitalia (4)
- geometric morphometrics (4)
- kinorhynchs (4)
- meiobenthos (4)
- molecular phylogenetics (4)
- morphometry (4)
- mtDNA (4)
- nematode (4)
- troglobite (4)
- troglophile (4)
- types (4)
- 'Symphyta' (3)
- 28S (3)
- Afrotropic (3)
- Algeria (3)
- Alloxysta (3)
- Alysiinae (3)
- Ammonoidea (3)
- Annulipalpia (3)
- Antarctica (3)
- Argentina (3)
- Balkan Peninsula (3)
- Basidiomycota (3)
- Borneo (3)
- Brazilian Cerrado (3)
- Cameroon (3)
- Cenozoic (3)
- Central America (3)
- Central Asia (3)
- Chalcidoidea (3)
- Charipinae (3)
- Chiapas (3)
- Ctenopelmatinae (3)
- DNA (3)
- DNA taxonomy (3)
- Decapoda (3)
- Deep water (3)
- Diversity (3)
- Dolichopodidae (3)
- East Africa (3)
- Echinoderidae (3)
- Elateroidea (3)
- Gastropoda (3)
- Guiana Shield (3)
- Halictidae (3)
- Himalaya (3)
- Hybotidae (3)
- Identification key (3)
- Ivory Coast (3)
- Kerala (3)
- Laniatores (3)
- Late Devonian (3)
- Leptothecata (3)
- Limnichidae (3)
- Macaronesia (3)
- Mediterranean Sea (3)
- Mesozoic (3)
- Microsaurus (3)
- Morphology (3)
- Myriapoda (3)
- Myrmicinae (3)
- Neogene (3)
- Nepal (3)
- New South Wales (3)
- North Atlantic (3)
- Pacific Ocean (3)
- Palaearctic Region (3)
- Palearctic Region (3)
- Peracarida (3)
- Peru (3)
- Phascolosoma (3)
- Phasmatodea (3)
- Philippines (3)
- Pholcus (3)
- Pleistocene (3)
- Psammoecus (3)
- Ptiliidae (3)
- Recent (3)
- Rubiaceae (3)
- Sarawak (3)
- Scrapter (3)
- Theraphosinae (3)
- Thinophilus (3)
- Tibet (3)
- Tonkin (3)
- Venezuela (3)
- Western Palaearctic (3)
- ants (3)
- bathyal (3)
- beetles (3)
- bumblebee (3)
- cave-dwellers (3)
- cave-dwelling (3)
- citizen science (3)
- cloud forest (3)
- coalescent (3)
- crane flies (3)
- diatoms (3)
- diversification (3)
- dung beetles (3)
- egg ornamentation (3)
- endangered species (3)
- endemic species (3)
- female genitalia (3)
- first description (3)
- flies (3)
- fossil (3)
- hover flies (3)
- intraspecific variation (3)
- key to genera (3)
- lanternbug (3)
- larva (3)
- millipedes (3)
- molecular markers (3)
- molecular systematics (3)
- molecular taxonomy (3)
- multi-locus phylogeny (3)
- myrmecophily (3)
- nrITS (3)
- oil-collecting bees (3)
- ontogeny (3)
- palaeoecology (3)
- parasitoid wasp (3)
- phylogenetic analysis (3)
- pollen (3)
- polychaete (3)
- pupa (3)
- redescriptions (3)
- relict (3)
- seamount (3)
- shell morphology (3)
- species (3)
- species list (3)
- stridulation (3)
- symbiosis (3)
- systematic (3)
- terrestrial isopods (3)
- type specimens (3)
- 18S rRNA gene (2)
- ABGD (2)
- Aegilips (2)
- Afromontane (2)
- Afromontane forest (2)
- Aldabra (2)
- Amage (2)
- Amblypsilopus (2)
- Anatomy (2)
- Ant taxonomy (2)
- Aphids (2)
- Arachnids (2)
- Araneae (2)
- Arthropoda (2)
- Arunachal Pradesh (2)
- Aspidosiphon (2)
- Asterostegus sabineae (2)
- Aulacidae (2)
- Bacillariophyta (2)
- Baltic Sea (2)
- Barcoding (2)
- Bay of Biscay (2)
- Beach (2)
- Bees (2)
- Beetles (2)
- Biological control (2)
- Bolivia (2)
- Burundi (2)
- CO1 barcode (2)
- COI barcoding (2)
- Caddisflies (2)
- Calliopiidae (2)
- Camaenidae (2)
- Canary Islands (2)
- Caribbean (2)
- Caucasus (2)
- Cave wētā (2)
- Central Europe (2)
- Centridini (2)
- Cephalopoda (2)
- Cetoniinae (2)
- Chatham Rise (2)
- Chrysidoidea (2)
- Cicadellidae (2)
- Cicadomorpha (2)
- Clitellata (2)
- Conservation (2)
- Crotoneae (2)
- Cyclopidae (2)
- Cypricercinae (2)
- Cyprididae (2)
- Cypridopsinae (2)
- DNA barcoding (2)
- DNA phylogeny (2)
- DNA sequences (2)
- DNA-barcoding (2)
- Daohugou (2)
- Description (2)
- Desmodoridae (2)
- Diapriinae (2)
- Dilepididae (2)
- Dinarides (2)
- Diplommatinidae (2)
- Diplopoda (2)
- Dipluran (2)
- Distribution (2)
- East Asia (2)
- Elaphropeza (2)
- Enicospilus (2)
- Entiminae (2)
- Epeolini (2)
- Epicaridea (2)
- Epyrinae (2)
- Erigoninae (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Figitidae (2)
- Flower flies (2)
- Free-living nematodes (2)
- Freshwater snails (2)
- GMYC (2)
- Gall midges (2)
- Georgia (2)
- Grassatores (2)
- Ground beetles (2)
- Guerrero (2)
- Guinea (2)
- Gulf of Cadiz (2)
- Haplogynae (2)
- Herbarium digitization (2)
- Heteroptera (2)
- Himalayas (2)
- Holarctic (2)
- Homoptera (2)
- Hong Kong (2)
- Huberantha (2)
- Hydrophorinae (2)
- Hymenolepididae (2)
- IUCN (2)
- Indo-Pacific (2)
- Indo-Western Pacific (2)
- Issinae (2)
- Japygidae (2)
- Jurassic (2)
- Kashmir (2)
- Kibira National Park (2)
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2)
- Kurile Islands (2)
- LSU (2)
- Laboulbeniales (2)
- Landouria (2)
- Lanternfly (2)
- Laos (2)
- Lasioglossum (2)
- Leucothoidae (2)
- Levant (2)
- Liberia (2)
- Linhomoeidae (2)
- Macrobiotidae (2)
- Mediterranean Basin (2)
- Mediterranean region (2)
- Membracidae (2)
- Membracoidea (2)
- Merodontini (2)
- Mesoleiini (2)
- Micro-CT (2)
- Microgastrinae (2)
- Microhylidae (2)
- Millipede (2)
- Miocene (2)
- Miridae (2)
- Mitochondrial cox1 gene (2)
- Monoon (2)
- Morocco (2)
- Mozambique (2)
- NW Pacific (2)
- New World (2)
- New genus (2)
- Nguru (2)
- Northeast India (2)
- Oaxaca (2)
- Oceania (2)
- Octocorallia (2)
- Odonata (2)
- Oligocene (2)
- Orchidaceae (2)
- Orphnines (2)
- Oxylipeurus-complex (2)
- Pachylinae (2)
- Palearctic region (2)
- Panjange (2)
- Pantepui (2)
- Pantopoda (2)
- Paruterinidae (2)
- Philopteridae (2)
- Platyhelminthes (2)
- Pleioplectron (2)
- Prioninae (2)
- Pseudocandona (2)
- Pterophoridae (2)
- Pycnodontiformes (2)
- Quediini (2)
- Republic of the Congo (2)
- Russulales (2)
- Rwanda (2)
- SSU rDNA (2)
- Salticidae (2)
- Sciapodinae (2)
- Sciaroidea (2)
- Singapore (2)
- Siphonophorida (2)
- Siphonophoridae (2)
- South Asia (2)
- Southwest Pacific (2)
- Sphaeroceridae (2)
- Stenothemus (2)
- Streptaxidae (2)
- Subterranean (2)
- Sumatra (2)
- Tanaidomorpha (2)
- Tanzania (2)
- Temnothorax (2)
- Tenebrionidae (2)
- Tenthredinoidea (2)
- Terrarana (2)
- Tipulinae (2)
- Tipuloidea (2)
- Tunicata (2)
- UTM (2)
- Uluguru (2)
- United Arab Emirates (2)
- Usambara (2)
- Wallacea (2)
- West Atlantic (2)
- West Indies (2)
- Western Atlantic (2)
- Western Ghats (2)
- Xyloperthini (2)
- Zagros (2)
- Zingiberaceae (2)
- Zoological Survey of India (2)
- abyssal (2)
- abyssal zone (2)
- achilid (2)
- afrotropics (2)
- alderflies (2)
- allopatry (2)
- alpine (2)
- anchialine (2)
- aquatic (2)
- aquatic insect (2)
- bPTP (2)
- bamboo (2)
- bamboo pests (2)
- barcode (2)
- biting midges (2)
- caddisfly (2)
- cave cricket (2)
- colour pattern (2)
- colour variation (2)
- commensalism (2)
- convergence (2)
- cox-1 (2)
- crane fly (2)
- cybertaxonomy (2)
- cybertype (2)
- dance flies (2)
- dark taxa (2)
- deep water (2)
- deep-water (2)
- deep-water species (2)
- diagnosis (2)
- dichotomous key (2)
- dioecy (2)
- distributions (2)
- faunal comparison (2)
- faunistic list (2)
- first record (2)
- flesh flies (2)
- fouling (2)
- freshwater crabs (2)
- fungivores (2)
- gen. et sp. nov. (2)
- genital morphology (2)
- glacial refugia (2)
- ground beetle (2)
- ground beetles (2)
- group differences (2)
- habitats (2)
- hadal (2)
- host (2)
- hoverflies (2)
- hypopygium (2)
- illustration (2)
- incongruence (2)
- insect (2)
- integrative biosystematics (2)
- interactive key (2)
- invasive species (2)
- invertebrates (2)
- island fauna (2)
- jumping spider (2)
- koinobiont endoparasitoid (2)
- limestone (2)
- macrofungi (2)
- mangrove (2)
- map (2)
- marine biodiversity (2)
- mating plug (2)
- mayfly (2)
- micro-CT (2)
- microcrustacean (2)
- microcrustaceans (2)
- microgastrine (2)
- microhabitat (2)
- microturbellarians (2)
- mitochondrial DNA (2)
- modified mouthparts (2)
- molecular (2)
- molecular analysis (2)
- montane forest (2)
- morphological and molecular taxonomy (2)
- morphological data (2)
- morphological taxonomy (2)
- moth flies (2)
- mud volcanoes (2)
- museum collections (2)
- natural history (2)
- neotropical (2)
- neotropical region (2)
- neotropics (2)
- new distribution records (2)
- new status (2)
- new subgenus (2)
- new synonyms (2)
- nocturnal (2)
- nopines (2)
- northwestern Pacific (2)
- novel lineages (2)
- palaeogeography (2)
- paleobotany (2)
- paleodiversity (2)
- paleoecology (2)
- peripheral mountains (2)
- phylogenetic position (2)
- polymorphism (2)
- predatory ants (2)
- priority conservation areas (2)
- radiation (2)
- radula (2)
- revisionary systematics (2)
- riffle beetles (2)
- rollers (2)
- rove beetles (2)
- sandy sediment (2)
- saprotrophic (2)
- scale insects (2)
- scales (2)
- sclerites (2)
- scorpionflies (2)
- scorpionfly (2)
- seamounts (2)
- secondary types (2)
- sensilla (2)
- sexual selection (2)
- sheet-web spiders (2)
- soft-winged flower beetle (2)
- soil fauna (2)
- southern China (2)
- species group (2)
- species richness (2)
- species swarm (2)
- species-groups (2)
- spider (2)
- springsnails (2)
- stratigraphy (2)
- synapomorphy (2)
- synonyms (2)
- tarantula (2)
- tardigrades (2)
- taxon inventory (2)
- taxonomic key (2)
- terminalia (2)
- the Balkans (2)
- threatened (2)
- transfer (2)
- trapdoor spiders (2)
- troglomorphism (2)
- tropical forest (2)
- type catalogue (2)
- typification (2)
- unknown biodiversity (2)
- vanishing glaciers (2)
- vicariance (2)
- water bears (2)
- wing venation (2)
- woodlice (2)
- 'star-shaped' (1)
- 16S DNA barcoding (1)
- 18S (1)
- 18S rRNA (1)
- 28S phylogeny (1)
- 28S rDNA and COI genes (1)
- 2D+ (1)
- 3D (1)
- 3D visualisation (1)
- 8S rDNA gene (1)
- A. Brindle (1)
- ANOVA (1)
- Abyssorchomene (1)
- Acalyptratae (1)
- Acanthohoplitidae (1)
- Acari (1)
- Achilidae (1)
- Achnanthes (1)
- Achnanthidium (1)
- Acotylea (1)
- Acrapex (1)
- Acrodiscus (1)
- Acrorhinichthys poyatoi gen. et sp. nov (1)
- Actaea (1)
- Actinopterygii (1)
- Acuthana (1)
- Adaptive radiation (1)
- Adelgidae (1)
- Adenomera andreae clade (1)
- Adenosma (1)
- Adeonella (1)
- Adeonellopsis (1)
- Adriatic Sea (1)
- Advertisement call (1)
- Aegean (1)
- Aegean Sea (1)
- Aegialoalaimidae (1)
- Aelurillus (1)
- Aetana (1)
- Afghanistan (1)
- Afonsoconus (1)
- African-Oriental distribution (1)
- Afroalpine (1)
- Afroarabiella (1)
- Afrodonta s. lat. (1)
- Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (1)
- Afroriccardia gen. nov. (1)
- Afrosmicronyx (1)
- Afrotemperate forest (1)
- Afrotropical mainland (1)
- Agarics (1)
- Agathotanaidae (1)
- Ageniellini (1)
- Agnatha (1)
- Agoriini (1)
- Ain Soltan Forest (1)
- Alabama (1)
- Alainites muticus (1)
- Albertine Rift (1)
- Alchorneeae (1)
- Alcyonacea (1)
- Aleuropleurocelus (1)
- Alexandrella (1)
- Alexeter (1)
- Alfaites (1)
- Alien species (1)
- Allodahliinae (1)
- Allograpta (1)
- Alona (1)
- Alpheid (1)
- Alpine orogeny (1)
- Amakusanthura (1)
- Amalda hilgendorfi species complex (1)
- Amazon Basin (1)
- Amazon Rainforest (1)
- Amazon rainforest (1)
- Amazonas (1)
- Amber inclusion (1)
- Amblytelina (1)
- Ameragenia (1)
- America (1)
- Amintinus gambianus (1)
- Ampharete (1)
- Ampharetidae (1)
- Amphibia (1)
- Amphidromous prawn (1)
- Amphidromus (1)
- Amphinemurinae (1)
- Amphipods (1)
- Amycoida (1)
- Amydetinae (1)
- Anacharis (1)
- Anacharitinae (1)
- Anaplectinae (1)
- Anatoma (1)
- Ancient lake (1)
- Ancorabolidae (1)
- Ancorabolinae (1)
- Andaman Islands (1)
- Andean (1)
- Andes Mountains (1)
- Andini (1)
- Androconia (1)
- Andromonoecy (1)
- Anelpistina quinterensis (1)
- Aneuraceae (1)
- Angola (1)
- Ankarana (1)
- Ankhurida (1)
- Annam (1)
- Annelida (1)
- Annonaceae (1)
- Anobothrus konstantini Säring & Bick sp. nov. (1)
- Anomalini (1)
- Anomalon (1)
- Anoplophrya (1)
- Antarctic Peninsula (1)
- Antarctic Region (1)
- Anthoathecata (1)
- Anthozoa (1)
- Anthuridae (1)
- Anti-Atlas (1)
- Antlion (1)
- Ants (1)
- Anurogryllina (1)
- Anyphaeninae (1)
- Aoridae (1)
- Apalochrini (1)
- Apameini (1)
- Apenesia (1)
- Apennines (1)
- Aphidoidea (1)
- Aphoniosoma (1)
- Aphrosylus (1)
- Apocharips (1)
- Apocrita (1)
- Apocynaceae (1)
- Apomyrsidea (1)
- Aptian (1)
- Aquatic biodiversity (1)
- Aquatic insect (1)
- Aquatic insects (1)
- Aquitanian (1)
- Arbopercula (1)
- Arctic invertebrates (1)
- Arctiinae (1)
- Areodina (1)
- Ariadna (1)
- Army ant syndrome (1)
- Aronia (1)
- Arteminae (1)
- Arthropods (1)
- Arthrotardigrada (1)
- Asaphes (1)
- Ascalaphidae (1)
- Aschema (1)
- Ascidian (1)
- Asclepiadaceae (1)
- Asclepiadoideae (1)
- Ascocerida (1)
- Asian mountains (1)
- Asian/North American group (1)
- Asiloidea (1)
- Asobara (1)
- Assam (1)
- Assassin bugs (1)
- Astiella (1)
- Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (1)
- Ateuchus (1)
- Atherigona (1)
- Atka Bay (1)
- Atlantic Ocean islands (1)
- Atlantic Rainforest (1)
- Atlantic forest (1)
- Atlas Mountains (1)
- Atractides (1)
- Atrophini (1)
- Augilini (1)
- Aulacideini (1)
- Australasia (1)
- Australasian region (1)
- Australian Biological Resources Study (1)
- Australian endemics (1)
- Austria (1)
- Avian hosts (1)
- Axiidae (1)
- Azores (1)
- Azores Archipelago (1)
- Açungui group (1)
- BC central coast (1)
- BGD (1)
- BNHS (1)
- BPP (1)
- Bacchini (1)
- Bacillariophyceae (1)
- Baculonistria (1)
- Bahawalnagar (1)
- Baja California Sur (1)
- Balkan (1)
- Baltica (1)
- Baltoscandia (1)
- Banchinae (1)
- Banchini (1)
- Banded Fruit Weevil (1)
- Bangkok Clay (1)
- Bannacris (1)
- Barcode (1)
- Barrandian area (1)
- Bartonian–Priabonian (1)
- Bass Strait (1)
- Batesian mimicry (1)
- Bathyal (1)
- Bathynellacea (1)
- Bathynellidae (1)
- Batillipes algharbensis sp. nov. (1)
- Batillipes lusitanus sp. nov. (1)
- Bats (1)
- Bauhinia (1)
- Bay of Bengal (1)
- Bayesian phylogenetics (1)
- Bedelliidae (1)
- Belgrandiella (1)
- Belize (1)
- Beltrana (1)
- Belytinae (1)
- Benthimermithida (1)
- Beraba (1)
- Bergera (1)
- Bering Sea (1)
- Bethylid (1)
- Bezzia (1)
- Bibionomorpha (1)
- Bidessini (1)
- Big-headed flies (1)
- Billberg (1)
- Biloba (1)
- Biokoviella (1)
- Biological Species Concept (1)
- Birds of Ethiopia (1)
- Biting midges (1)
- Bittacus (1)
- Bivalvia (1)
- Blaps (1)
- Blattaria (1)
- Blattodea (1)
- Blind intestine (1)
- Bohpa (1)
- Bolaven Plateau (1)
- Bolianus giannae (1)
- Bolikhamxai Province (1)
- Bosnia (1)
- Bothriomyrmecini (1)
- Boulengeri group (1)
- Brachycerinae (1)
- Brachyiulus (1)
- Brachymelecta mucida (1)
- Brachyptery (1)
- Brackish water (1)
- Bracon (1)
- Brassolini (1)
- Brazilian Savannah (1)
- Brazilian fauna (1)
- Brazilian flora (1)
- Brazilian savannah (1)
- Brevicirrosyllis (1)
- Breviconia andrei sp.nov. (1)
- Breviturma (1)
- Brittle stars (1)
- Brittle-stars (1)
- Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. (1)
- Brueelia (1)
- Brueelia complex (1)
- Bryophyta (1)
- Buccinoidea (1)
- Bullaregia (1)
- Burdigalian (1)
- Burmapsychidae (1)
- Burmese amber (1)
- Buton Island (1)
- C. argentii sp. nov. (1)
- C. gorohovi Sivec & Stark, 2010 (1)
- CCLME region (1)
- CCZ (1)
- CETAF (1)
- CITES enforcement (1)
- CO1 (1)
- COI Barcode gene (1)
- COI genetic divergence (1)
- COI mitochondrial gene (1)
- CT Scan (1)
- Caatinga (1)
- Caberea (1)
- Caccothryptus (1)
- Caddisfly (1)
- Caenohalictini (1)
- Caenophidia (1)
- Caesalpinioideae (1)
- Calabria (1)
- Calcarea (1)
- Calcigorgia herba sp. nov. (1)
- Calcigorgia lukini sp. nov. (1)
- Calcigorgia matua sp. nov. (1)
- Calcigorgia simushiri sp. nov. (1)
- Caliscelidae (1)
- Caliscelinae (1)
- Callipia (1)
- Calophagus (1)
- Cambalidea (1)
- Cambessedesieae (1)
- Cambodia (1)
- Cambrian Series 3 (1)
- Cameron (1)
- Campbell Island (1)
- Campodeidae (1)
- Campodorus (1)
- Campsicnemus (1)
- Campsomerini (1)
- Canaã dos Carajás (1)
- Candobrasilopsis (1)
- Candobrasilopsis rochai gen. nov. sp. nov., (1)
- Candoninae (1)
- Candovia (1)
- Cantabria (1)
- Cantabric coast (1)
- Canthocamptidae (1)
- Canthon splendidus (1)
- Canthon staigi (1)
- Canthon sulcatus (1)
- Cape Verde (1)
- Cape Verde Islands (1)
- Capitanian (1)
- Caponiinae (1)
- Caponina (1)
- Capparaceae (1)
- Capparis sect. Monostichocalyx (1)
- Caprellidae (1)
- Carabidae (1)
- Carajás Formation (1)
- Carboniferous (1)
- Caribbean Islands (1)
- Caribbean Sea (1)
- Caribbean island (1)
- Caribbean reef systems (1)
- Caridea (1)
- Carl Peter Thunberg (1)
- Carpenter moths (1)
- Casmaria (1)
- Cassidae (1)
- Catalogue (1)
- Catalonia (1)
- Cave fauna (1)
- Cave-adapted (1)
- Cavernicolous (1)
- Cea (1)
- Cederholmia (1)
- Cenomanian (1)
- Census of Life (1)
- Central America, (1)
- Central Iran (1)
- Central and South America (1)
- Cephaelis (1)
- Cerambycidae (1)
- Cerambycinae (1)
- Cerapachys guizhouensis Zhou, 2006 (1)
- Cercideae (1)
- Cercocarpus (1)
- Cercopidae (1)
- Cervonema (1)
- Cestoda (1)
- Ceylon (1)
- Chaco subregion (1)
- Chacoan region (1)
- Chae Son (1)
- Chaetonerius (1)
- Chaetonotus (1)
- Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) antrumus sp. nov. (1)
- Chaetopterus bruneli sp. nov. (1)
- Chaetotaxy (1)
- Chafers (1)
- Chalinidae (1)
- Chamela (1)
- Chao Phraya delta (1)
- Characid fish (1)
- Charinus (1)
- Charmouth Mudstone Formation (1)
- Cheilosia (1)
- Chelodesminae (1)
- Chesterfield Plateau (1)
- Chevaliidae (1)
- Chewing lice (1)
- Chiang Mai (1)
- Chigger mites (1)
- Chile (1)
- Chilean fjords (1)
- Chilocorini (1)
- Chimantá Massif (1)
- Chimarrinae (1)
- Chinese fauna (1)
- Chinoperla changjiangensis sp. nov. (1)
- Chiroptera (1)
- Chiroticina (1)
- Chlorogomphus (1)
- Chloropidae (1)
- Cholovocera (1)
- Choniolaiminae (1)
- Christmas Island (1)
- Chromatoiulus (1)
- Chrysidinae (1)
- Chrysomelinae (1)
- Chrysotus (1)
- Chumminae (1)
- Cicadellinae (1)
- Cicadoidea (1)
- Cichliformes (1)
- Ciliates (1)
- Cinarinae (1)
- Circellium (1)
- Cirsium (1)
- Cissidium (1)
- Cladistic analysis (1)
- Cladocera (1)
- Cladodinae (1)
- Clam shrimp (1)
- Classification (1)
- Clavelia (1)
- Cloeon (1)
- Cloud Forest (1)
- Cloud forest (1)
- Clytini (1)
- Coccinelloidea (1)
- Coccodontoidea superfam. nov. (1)
- Cocconeis (1)
- Cocconeis diaphana (1)
- Cocconeis dirupta (1)
- Cocconeis molesta (1)
- Cochliopidae (1)
- Coffeeae (1)
- Coletinia (1)
- Colletes (1)
- Colorado (1)
- Common minnow (1)
- Comoro Islands (1)
- Comoros (1)
- Comoros archipelago (1)
- Comoros archipelagos (1)
- Compensatory Base Changes approach (1)
- Congo Basin (1)
- Conocetus (1)
- Conoidea (1)
- Conus hughmorrisoni sp. nov., new species (1)
- Cophylinae (1)
- Coral Sea (1)
- Coral Triangle (1)
- Coral reef fauna (1)
- Corcovetella (1)
- Cordillera Administrative Region (1)
- Corethrella (1)
- Coridromini (1)
- Corinnidae (1)
- Corsica (1)
- Cortezura (1)
- Cossidae (1)
- Costa Rica (1)
- Cotesia (1)
- Cotylea (1)
- Cox1 (1)
- Cradoscrupocellaria (1)
- Cranainae (1)
- Crematogaster (1)
- Crematogastrini (1)
- Crete Island (1)
- Cricohalalaimus (1)
- Crimea (1)
- Crinoidea (1)
- Croatia (1)
- Cross River Terminus (1)
- Crossopalpus (1)
- Crotalinae (1)
- Croton section Cyclostigma (1)
- Croton section Julocroton (1)
- Cryptic species (1)
- Cryptic taxa (1)
- Cryptini (1)
- Cryptochetum (1)
- Cryptodrassus (1)
- Cryptomonas (1)
- Cryptosalius tonkinensis (1)
- Cryptothelinae (1)
- Ctenopelma (1)
- Ctenostomata (1)
- Ctenus (1)
- Cuba (1)
- Cubacubana (1)
- Cubacubaninae (1)
- Culicoidea (1)
- Culicomorpha (1)
- Cyclocostis rolfii (1)
- Cyclophoroidea (1)
- Cynipidae (1)
- Cypseloecus (1)
- Cyriocteinae (1)
- Cyrtandra (1)
- Cyrtodactylus arndti sp. nov. (1)
- Cyrtodactylus chumuensis sp. nov. (1)
- Cyrtodactylus chungi sp. nov. (1)
- Cytology (1)
- Czech Republic (1)
- D2-D3 region of large subunit 28S rDNA (1)
- D2–D3 expansion segments of LSU ribosomal DNA (1)
- DELTA (1)
- DNA "barcodes" (1)
- DNA Barcoding (1)
- Dabie Mountains (1)
- Dacini (1)
- Dagestan (1)
- Dahomey Gap (1)
- Dajiang (1)
- Dali (1)
- Danxia landform (1)
- Dasya (1)
- Davaineidae (1)
- Daveyoungana (1)
- Deccan Plateau (1)
- Decolorantes (1)
- Deep Sea (1)
- Deep South China Sea (1)
- Deep-sea (1)
- Delphacidae (1)
- Deltoephalinae (1)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (1)
- Democratic Republik of the Congo (1)
- Dendrinidae (1)
- Dendrobium (1)
- Dendrocoelum (1)
- Dendrodoris (1)
- Denmark (1)
- Denticonocetus (1)
- Dermaptera (1)
- Dialictus (1)
- Diamond open access (1)
- Diapheromeridae (1)
- Diaphorinae (1)
- Diapriidae (1)
- Diatoms (1)
- Dicerapanorpa (1)
- Dichotomiini (1)
- Dichotomous key (1)
- Dictyonellidae (1)
- Digitisation (1)
- Digitization (1)
- Dilyta (1)
- Dinagenia (1)
- Dinotrema (1)
- Diopsidae (1)
- Diostracus (1)
- Diparinae (1)
- Diparisca (1)
- Diplommatina (1)
- Diplopeltula (1)
- Diplopodomyces (1)
- Diplurinae (1)
- Dipsocoromorpha (1)
- Discometra (1)
- Discostella gabinii (1)
- Disparalona hamata (1)
- Distichalius (1)
- Doi Phu Kha (1)
- Dolichoderinae (1)
- Dolichomitus (1)
- Domiothelina (1)
- Doris ocelligera (1)
- Dorylaimopsis (1)
- Dorylinae (1)
- Dragon millipede (1)
- Drepananthus (1)
- Drepanoistodus (1)
- Drosophila (1)
- Drumian (1)
- Dry Diagonal (1)
- Duranteae (1)
- Dyspnoi (1)
- Dysponetus (1)
- E-Key (1)
- E-publishing (1)
- E. lichenorum Maucci, 1983 (1)
- E. q. brachyspinosus Bartoš, 1934 (1)
- E. q. cribrosus Murray, 1907 (1)
- E. q. fissispinosus Murray, 1907 (1)
- EA-ENA disjunction (1)
- EPIC marker (1)
- EU regulation no. 1143/2014 (1)
- Early Cretaceous (1)
- Early Jurassic (1)
- Early Tournaisian (1)
- East China Sea (1)
- East-Africa (1)
- Eastern Alps (1)
- Eastern Arc Mountains. (1)
- Eastern Asia (1)
- Eastern Atlantic (1)
- Eastern Mediterranean region (1)
- Eastern Pacific (1)
- Eastern Palaearctic (1)
- Ebenaceae (1)
- Eburella (1)
- Echethus (1)
- Echinoderes, Fissuroderes, (1)
- Echiodon (1)
- Economic Exclusive Zone (1)
- Ectoparasite (1)
- Ectrichodiini (1)
- Edwards Aquifer (1)
- Egg ornamentation (1)
- El Bierzo (1)
- Elachista (1)
- Elachistidae (1)
- Elachistocleis (1)
- Elaeis guineensis (1)
- Elasmobranchii (1)
- Electra angulata (1)
- Elephant dispersal (1)
- Elminae (1)
- Enchytraeus (1)
- Encyrtidae (1)
- Endemic (1)
- Endemism (1)
- Endomychidae (1)
- Engertia allolepis (1)
- Enicosanthum (1)
- Entedon (1)
- Entedoninae (1)
- Enteromius cercops (1)
- Enteromius perince (1)
- Enteromius stigmatopygus (1)
- Entomobryidae (1)
- Eocene (1)
- Ephialtini (1)
- Epholcis (1)
- Epialtidae (1)
- Epimeria (1)
- Equatorial Guinea (1)
- Erasipteridae (1)
- Eristalinae (1)
- Erotylinae (1)
- Erotyloidea (1)
- Eryphanis zolvizora group (1)
- Esperiopsidae (1)
- Espinhaço Range (1)
- Estonia (1)
- Estremadura Spur (1)
- Ethiopia (1)
- Ethiopian region (1)
- Euarthropoda (1)
- Eugenia (1)
- Eulophidae (1)
- Eumunididae (1)
- Eupelmidae (1)
- Eupelminae (1)
- Euphorbia section Anisophyllum (1)
- Euphorbia section Crossadenia (1)
- Euphorbiaceae (1)
- Euphorinae (1)
- Euptychiina (1)
- European distribution (1)
- European fauna (1)
- European grapevine moth (1)
- Eurybrachinae (1)
- Eurypleuron (1)
- Eurytomidae (1)
- Eusiroidea (1)
- Eusyllinae (1)
- Eutardigrada (1)
- Evaniidae (1)
- Evippa (1)
- Evippomma (1)
- Eviulisoma (1)
- Excisivalgus (1)
- Exoristinae (1)
- Expanathuridae (1)
- FAIR data (1)
- FAIR principles (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Fabales (1)
- Fairy Shrimp (1)
- Far East (1)
- Far East Asia (1)
- Fasciolariidae (1)
- Fejervarya cancrivora (1)
- Fergusson (1)
- Ficopomatus (1)
- Fidelia whiteheadi sp. nov (1)
- Filchner Trough (1)
- Filistatidae (1)
- Filitanais (1)
- Finland (1)
- Firefly (1)
- Fissocantharis (1)
- Flagellophorella complex (1)
- Florarctinae (1)
- Florida (1)
- Fomitopsidaceae (1)
- Formicidae (1)
- Formicinae (1)
- Formicoidea (1)
- Forsteriini (1)
- Foza (1)
- Fragilaria (1)
- French Polynesia (1)
- Fritillaria helenae (1)
- Fruit flies (1)
- Fulana (1)
- Gabonorygma gen. nov. (1)
- Gabuniina (1)
- Gaertnera (1)
- Galeommatoidea (1)
- Galicia (1)
- Gallinules (1)
- Gammaroidea (1)
- Garden Weevil (1)
- Gasteruptiidae (1)
- Gastropod (1)
- Gastrotricha (1)
- Gattendorfia Limestone (1)
- Gelechioidea (1)
- Genaemirum (1)
- Genital asymmetry (1)
- Geographic differentiation (1)
- Geophilidae (1)
- Geoplanidae (1)
- George Argent (1)
- Germany (1)
- Gesneriaceae (1)
- Gesnerioideae-Coronanthereae-Negriinae (1)
- Ghana (1)
- Giraffa (1)
- Givetian (1)
- Glacial biodiversity (1)
- Gladiopycnodontidae fam. nov. (1)
- Gladiopycnodus karami gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Glaphyrocanthon (1)
- Global Taxonomy Initiative (1)
- Globba (1)
- Gnathostomata (1)
- Gonatopodinae (1)
- Gorringe Bank (1)
- Gosport Sand (1)
- Gotland (1)
- Gran Canaria (1)
- Grande Coupure (1)
- Grande Terre (1)
- Grandidierella pawaiensis (1)
- Grandidierella sungeicina (1)
- Graphium bathycles bathycloides (1)
- Graphium chironides malayanum (1)
- Grastidium (1)
- Great Indian Bustard (1)
- Greater Antilles (1)
- Greece (1)
- Gryllini (1)
- Grylloblattida (1)
- Guadelupe Mountains (1)
- Guangxi (1)
- Guatemala (1)
- Guestphalinus (1)
- Guimaraesiella (1)
- Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
- Gulf of Bothnia (1)
- Gulf of Mexico (1)
- Gymnophthalmidae (1)
- Gyrinidae (1)
- Gyrodactylus jalalii sp. nov (1)
- HADES-ERC (1)
- Ha Giang Province (1)
- Hadal (1)
- Hadzinia (1)
- Hakai (1)
- Halacaridae (1)
- Halanonchinae (1)
- Halictini (1)
- Halirages (1)
- Hamma (1)
- Hamodactylus paraqabai sp. nov. (1)
- Hamodactylus pseudaqabai sp. nov. (1)
- Hangingflies (1)
- Haptophytes (1)
- Harpacteinae (1)
- Harpagochromis (1)
- Harpalinae (1)
- Harpiniinae (1)
- Hecabolini (1)
- Hedenäs sp. nov. (1)
- Hediste (1)
- Heilipodus goeldii (1)
- Helicophidae (1)
- Helicopsychidae (1)
- Hemiasterellidae (1)
- Hemipenes (1)
- Hemisphaeriini (1)
- Hercostomus (1)
- Herpetocypridini (1)
- Herpetoreas davidi sp. nov. (1)
- Heteroclita (1)
- Heterocypris (1)
- Heteropolypus annae sp. nov. (1)
- Heteropolypus roseus sp. nov. (1)
- Heterospio indica new species (1)
- Hidalgo (1)
- Higginsarctus gen. nov. (1)
- Hikurangi Plateau (1)
- Himerometridae (1)
- Hincksina (1)
- Historical biogeography (1)
- Holarctic region (1)
- Holocene (1)
- Homolidae (1)
- Homotropus (1)
- Hopperia (1)
- Hordeum murinum (1)
- Horseshoe Abyssal Plain (1)
- Hubei (1)
- Hunan (1)
- Hybovalgus (1)
- Hydrachnidia (1)
- Hydroides (1)
- Hydroidolina-SEAFO (1)
- Hydrophilidae (1)
- Hydrophiloidea (1)
- Hydroptilidae (1)
- Hymenophyllaceae (1)
- Hyolitha (1)
- Hyssuridae (1)
- Hysteropterini (1)
- ICZN (1)
- INDEX project (1)
- ITS (1)
- ITS nrDNA (1)
- IUCN Red list Assessments (1)
- Iassinae (1)
- Iberian endemic species (1)
- Iceland (1)
- Ichnestoma (1)
- Ichneumonidae (1)
- Ichneumoninae (1)
- Ichneumonoidea (1)
- Ichthyurini (1)
- Idiopinae (1)
- Imatong Mountains (1)
- Inachidae (1)
- Incini (1)
- Indian Himalayas (1)
- Indian Metopiinae (1)
- Indo-Australian Archipelago (1)
- Indo-Burma (1)
- Indo-Burma Hotspot (1)
- Indo-Burmese region (1)
- Indo-Pacific fauna (1)
- Indomalayan (1)
- Inhaca Island (1)
- Inocybaceae (1)
- Integrative taxonomy (1)
- Interstitial (1)
- Intraspecific variability (1)
- Iodes (1)
- Ipomoea (1)
- Ischnocera (1)
- Islamabad (1)
- Ismarus (1)
- Isoperlinae (1)
- Isophya modestior (1)
- Isopoda (1)
- Israel (1)
- Issidae (1)
- Itacambira (1)
- Italian peninsula (1)
- Italy (1)
- Jalisco (1)
- James Edward Smith (1)
- Japan Sea (1)
- Japanese Archipelago (1)
- Japanese Luciolinae (1)
- Java (1)
- Jelski (1)
- Jiulongshan Formation (1)
- Juglans mandshurica (1)
- Juliformia (1)
- Jumping spiders (1)
- Kaempferia nemoralis Insis. sp. nov. (1)
- Kaempferia pascuorum Insis. sp. nov. (1)
- Kagera River (1)
- Kaikōura Canyon (1)
- Kalambatritra (1)
- Kalyptorhynchia (1)
- Karaman (1)
- Karnataka (1)
- Katian (1)
- Katissa (1)
- Kattegat (1)
- Kenya (1)
- Kenyanema (1)
- Kermesiinae (1)
- Key to species (1)
- Khuzestan (1)
- Kikuchicamptus (1)
- Kilimanjaro (1)
- Killifish (1)
- Kincaidiana (1)
- King George Island (1)
- Kinorhynch (1)
- Kokeshia (1)
- Kon Chu Rang (1)
- Kon Tum (1)
- Kontrimavichusia asymmetrica (1)
- Kontrimavichusia sp. nov. (1)
- Korea (1)
- Korean waters (1)
- Kuwait (1)
- Kynotidae (1)
- Kyrgyz Republic (1)
- L. hochi (1)
- L. kuekenthali (1)
- L. lipkei (1)
- LSU and ITS2 rDNA markers (1)
- La Planète Revisitée (1)
- Lacaze-Duthiers Canyon (1)
- Lacusa (1)
- Lady beetles (1)
- Lai Chau (1)
- Laikipia (1)
- Lake Tanganyika basin. (1)
- Lake Victoria (1)
- Lake Victoria basin (1)
- Lambersius (1)
- Lamiaceae (1)
- Lamiales (1)
- Lamiinae (1)
- Lampyridae (1)
- Lampyrinae (1)
- Lantaneae (1)
- Lantern bug (1)
- Lao PDR (1)
- Larentiinae (1)
- Laricinae (1)
- Larva (1)
- Las Cuevas Research Station (1)
- Lasianthus (1)
- Late Cretaceous (1)
- Late Miocene (1)
- Late Permian (1)
- Late Triassi (1)
- Late Triassic (1)
- Latridiidae (1)
- Laurencia caspica (1)
- Laurencia crustiformans (1)
- Laurencia flexilis (1)
- Laurentia (1)
- Leafhopper (1)
- Lebinthini (1)
- Lecideaceae (1)
- Lecithocerinae (1)
- Lectotype (1)
- Leiobunum (1)
- Leiolima iberica new species (1)
- Leiolima new genus (1)
- Lena River Delta (1)
- Lepadiformes (1)
- Lepechinellidae (1)
- Lepidocyrtinae (1)
- Leptacis (1)
- Leptocerini (1)
- Leptogenys (1)
- Leptonchidae (1)
- Leptostraca (1)
- Leptothorax (1)
- Lesotho (1)
- Lesser Antilles (1)
- Leucosiidae (1)
- Leucothoe (1)
- Leviapseudinae (1)
- Libanopycnodus wenzi gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Lichenoporidae (1)
- Ligiarctus (1)
- Limestone (1)
- Limnonectes macrodon (1)
- Limnophilinae (1)
- Limoniidae (1)
- Limosininae (1)
- Limpopo Province (1)
- Limón (1)
- Linyphiinae (1)
- Liolaemus (1)
- Lioponera (1)
- Liosina (1)
- Lisbon Formation (1)
- Lissocnemis brevipennis (1)
- Lissocnemis koreana (1)
- Lithosiinae (1)
- Lithosiini (1)
- Lituitida (1)
- Living non-marine Ostracoda (1)
- Lizard (1)
- Lobesia botrana (1)
- Lobolibethra (1)
- Loboscelidiinae (1)
- Loimia (1)
- Loreto (1)
- Loricifera (1)
- Lower Cretaceous (1)
- Lower Guinea (1)
- Luciolinae (1)
- Ludwigioideae (1)
- Lumbricidae (1)
- Lumbriculidae (1)
- Luticola (1)
- Lycidae (1)
- Lygdamis (1)
- Lymantriidae (1)
- Lysmata malagasy sp. nov. (1)
- Löwenstein Formation (1)
- MAREANO (1)
- MGRS (1)
- MOTUs (1)
- Maasia (1)
- Macrinella (1)
- Macrobiotus azzunae (1)
- Macrobiotus hufelandi complex (1)
- Macrobiotus hufelandi group (1)
- Macrobiotus polonicus-persimilis species complex (1)
- Macrobuninae (1)
- Macrochlamydinae (1)
- Macrosiphini (1)
- Macrostomida (1)
- Macrostomorpha (1)
- Macrothele (1)
- Madagascar Region (1)
- Madeira (1)
- Maechidius (1)
- Magellan Strait (1)
- Maghreb (1)
- Mahafaly Plateau (1)
- Malachiidae (1)
- Malacostraca (1)
- Malagasy Region (1)
- Malagasy region (1)
- Malesia (1)
- Mallochia (1)
- Malmeoideae (1)
- Manchester Museum (1)
- Mangrove (1)
- Mantodea (1)
- Marble Delta hotspot (1)
- Mariansabellaria (1)
- Marine Dolichopodidae (1)
- Marine biodiversity (1)
- Marojejy National Park (1)
- Marsdenieae (1)
- Mascarene (1)
- Masoninae (1)
- Mastigoteuthidae (1)
- Mastigotragus gen. nov. (1)
- Mastogloia belaensis (1)
- Mastogloia braunii (1)
- Mata Atlântica (1)
- Mauretanaspis longichaeta gen. et spec. nov. (1)
- Mauritania (1)
- Mauritius (1)
- Meconematinae (1)
- Mediterranean basin (1)
- Mediterranean biogeography (1)
- Mediterranean endemic (1)
- Medusozoa (1)
- Megaphyllum (1)
- Megaspilidae (1)
- Megatachycines (1)
- Megatrigon (1)
- Meiofauna (1)
- Meiogyne (1)
- Mekong Delta (1)
- Mekong River (1)
- Melanostoma (1)
- Melanostomini (1)
- Melectini (1)
- Melyridae (1)
- Membranipora tenella (1)
- Memecylon (1)
- Menat (1)
- Menat fauna (1)
- Mendocinian Region (1)
- Menesia flavotecta (1)
- Menghai (1)
- Meridioclita (1)
- Merodon aureus lineage (1)
- Merodon avidus complex (1)
- Mesanophrys (1)
- Mesanthura (1)
- Mesoamerica (1)
- Mesobiotus mauccii (1)
- Mesocestoides (1)
- Mesosa myops (1)
- Mesoserphidae (1)
- Metacyclops thailandicus sp. nov. (1)
- Metadilepididae (1)
- Metafruticicola (1)
- Metalibitia (1)
- Metanophrys (1)
- Metaphire (1)
- Metaradiophrya (1)
- Metastelmatinae (1)
- Metopiinae (1)
- Michoacan (1)
- Microbialites (1)
- Microhyla (1)
- Microlepidoptera (1)
- Micronecta (1)
- Microphotinini (1)
- Micropodabrus (1)
- Microporellidae (1)
- Micropterigidae (1)
- Microtachycines (1)
- Mid-Cretaceous (1)
- Middle Jurassic (1)
- Middle Ordovician (1)
- Midongy (1)
- Miltogramminae (1)
- Minas Gerais (1)
- Mindanao (1)
- Minimum Convex Polygons (1)
- Minshan Mountains (1)
- Miotopus (1)
- Miridiba (1)
- Mite (1)
- Mitobatinae (1)
- Mitochondrial DNA (1)
- Mitochondrial genome (1)
- Mixopleuroxus (1)
- Modiolus cimbricus sp. nov. (1)
- Moloha (1)
- Mongolia (1)
- Monhysteridae (1)
- Monocerichthys scheuchzerii gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Monostaechoides gen. nov. (1)
- Monotheca bergstadi sp. nov. (1)
- Montanaxius mediumquod gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Montereyan Pacific Transition Region (1)
- Moorea BioCode (1)
- Morotai (1)
- Morphinae (1)
- Moulting (1)
- Mount Cook flea (1)
- Mount Kadam (1)
- Mount Kinabalu (1)
- Mount Moroto (1)
- Mount Wilhelm (1)
- Movile Cave (1)
- Movile cave (1)
- Mpala Research Centre (1)
- Mt Katalupaik (1)
- Mt Nimba (1)
- Mullerian mimicry (1)
- Multi-locus phylogeny (1)
- Munididae (1)
- Munidopsidae (1)
- Munidopsis (1)
- Muridae (1)
- Murraya (1)
- Museum life (1)
- Mycetophagidae (1)
- Mymaridae (1)
- Myriophyllum (1)
- Myrmapana (1)
- Myrmeleontiformia (1)
- Myrsidea (1)
- Myrtaceae (1)
- Myxidiidae (1)
- ND2 (1)
- NE Atlantic (1)
- NGS barcoding (1)
- NW Africa (1)
- NW Atlantic (1)
- Naga Hills (1)
- Nagaland (1)
- Name availability (1)
- Namibia (1)
- Nanna (1)
- Nassariidae (1)
- Nassarius pauperus complex (1)
- Nautilida (1)
- Neanurinae (1)
- Near East (1)
- Nearctic and Neotropical regions (1)
- Nearctic region (1)
- Nelima (1)
- Neman (1)
- Nemesioidina (1)
- Neoasteroidea (1)
- Neocheilostomina (1)
- Neocoelidiini (1)
- Neokodaiana (1)
- Neonicoletia (1)
- Neoperigona (1)
- Neoricinulei (1)
- Neoserica (1)
- Neostygarctus (1)
- Neotethys (1)
- Neotropical Philonthina (1)
- Nepenthes alata group (1)
- Nepomorpha (1)
- Neretva (1)
- Nerioidea (1)
- Nesticidae (1)
- Neuquén (1)
- Neuroptera (1)
- Neuropterida (1)
- New Guinea (1)
- New Ireland (1)
- New World Spiders (1)
- New genera (1)
- New synonymy (1)
- Nicoletiidae (1)
- Nimba Mts (1)
- Ninetinae (1)
- Nisitrini (1)
- Noctuidae (1)
- Nodosariinae (1)
- Nomenclature (1)
- Nopinae (1)
- Norbanus (1)
- Nordic aphids on conifers (1)
- North American marmots (1)
- North Caucasus (1)
- North East Atlantic (1)
- North-West (1)
- North-West Pacific (1)
- Northern Mountain Range of Hungary (1)
- Northwest Pacific (1)
- Norwegian Sea (1)
- Nothobranchiidae (1)
- Notosemus (1)
- Novastoa rapaitiensis sp. nov. (1)
- Nudae (1)
- Nudiflorae (1)
- Nymphalinae (1)
- Núi Chúa National Park (1)
- Obama (1)
- Octodesmus (1)
- Octomeristes gen. nov. (1)
- Odontoceridae (1)
- Oedicephalini (1)
- Ohelopapa (1)
- Oligochaeta (1)
- Ommatidiotinae (1)
- Ommatoiulus (1)
- Oncocypridinae (1)
- Oncophorus integerrimus (1)
- Oosomini (1)
- Ootheca (1)
- Open Access (1)
- Open Science (1)
- Ophiacanthidae (1)
- Ophidiiformes (1)
- Ophiocoma krohi (1)
- Ophioculina hoybergia gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Ophiogaleus sp. (1)
- Ophion, barcoding (1)
- Ophioninae (1)
- Ophionthus asenjoi sp. nov. (1)
- Ophiopyrgidae (1)
- Ophiovalida (1)
- Ophryotrocha (1)
- Opsiini (1)
- Ordovician (1)
- Oreochromini (1)
- Oriental Realm (1)
- Oriental and Afrotropical regions (1)
- Oriental fauna (1)
- Orionis (1)
- Ormyrus (1)
- Oromia (1)
- Orthoceratite Limestone (1)
- Osmundea (1)
- Ostracods (1)
- Otolith-based fish fauna (1)
- Ovipositors (1)
- Oxidus (1)
- Oxyethira (1)
- Oxystomininae (1)
- P values (1)
- P. adeeli sp. nov. (1)
- P. cylindrica (1)
- P. kisangani sp. nov. (1)
- P. orbitospinus (Cunnington, 1907) (1)
- P. paratretzeli sp. nov. (1)
- Pacific (1)
- Pacific Island (1)
- Pacific Islands (1)
- Paecilaemella (1)
- Paederinae (1)
- Pakistan (1)
- Palaearctic region (1)
- Palaemonidae (1)
- Palearctic fauna (1)
- Palearctic realm (1)
- Paleocene (1)
- Paleogene (1)
- Paleontology (1)
- Palestine (1)
- Palpomyia (1)
- Pandanusicola (1)
- Pannonian Sea (1)
- Papilionidae (1)
- Papuan Region (1)
- Paraba (1)
- Parabathynellidae (1)
- Paracrobeles (1)
- Paradoxosomatidae (1)
- Parafluda (1)
- Paragallinula gen. nov. (1)
- Paraguay (1)
- Paramacrobiotus richtersi morphogroup (1)
- Paramaechidius (1)
- Paramesanophrys gen. nov. (1)
- Paramesanophrys typica gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Paranamixis (1)
- Paranarthrura (1)
- Paranarthrurellidae (1)
- Paranthuridae (1)
- Parapodia sinaica (1)
- Parapompilus (1)
- Parasitic wasps (1)
- Parasitoid wasps (1)
- Parasitoids (1)
- Parauapebas (1)
- Paraxylion (1)
- Paraxylogenes (1)
- Pardosa (1)
- Pare (1)
- Pareas kaduri sp. nov. (1)
- Pareidae (1)
- Parougia (1)
- Pará (1)
- Passeriformes (1)
- Patagonia (1)
- Patrus (1)
- Peaks National Park (1)
- Pectotibialis (1)
- Pelodera indica sp. nov. (1)
- Pelogenia (1)
- Peltonotellini (1)
- Peninsular Malaysia (1)
- Peninsular Thailand (1)
- Pentachaetocampa subgen. nov. (1)
- Perciformes (1)
- Pericomaini (1)
- Perilissini (1)
- Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. (1)
- Perinereis misrai sp. nov. (1)
- Perineurini (1)
- Periyar Plateau (1)
- Permian-Triassic (1)
- Perotrochus pseudogranulosus sp. nov (1)
- Perotrochus wareni sp. nov. (1)
- Phaenoglyphis (1)
- Phalacrostemma (1)
- Phanacidini (1)
- Phanaeini (1)
- Phanera (1)
- Pharmacus (1)
- Phasmida (1)
- Phidoloporidae (1)
- Philacelota leucothea (1)
- Philodromidae (1)
- Philopteroides (1)
- Philopterus (1)
- Phlomis leucophracta (1)
- Phlugiolopsis (1)
- Phobaeticus (1)
- Pholcinae (1)
- Pholetesor (1)
- Pholoinae (1)
- Phonorhynchoidinae (1)
- Photinae (1)
- Photurinae (1)
- Phryganistria (1)
- Phtheochroa frigidana (1)
- Phygadeuontinae (1)
- Phylactolaemata (1)
- Phyllobiini (1)
- Phylogenetic trees (1)
- Phylogenomics (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Physalacriaceae (1)
- Physalaemus araxa (1)
- Phytophaga (1)
- Picris (1)
- Piima Carbayo gen. nov. (1)
- Pilargidae (1)
- Pilatobiinae (1)
- Pilbara (1)
- Pimeliini (1)
- Pitambara (1)
- Pithecopus nordestinus (1)
- Plagiognathus (1)
- Planarians (1)
- Planothidium (1)
- Planthopper (1)
- Plateosaurus plexus (1)
- Plathelminthes (1)
- Platygaster (1)
- Platygastridae (1)
- Platypalpus (1)
- Platypelis ravus sp. nov (1)
- Platyptilia (1)
- Plesioxylion (1)
- Pleurocryptella (1)
- Pleuroseta (1)
- Pleustidae (1)
- Pliciloricus ukupachaensis sp. nov. (1)
- Plio-Pleistocene (1)
- Plumatella (1)
- Plusiocampinae taxonomy (1)
- Poecillastra (1)
- Pogonistes (1)
- Pogonus (1)
- Polarasterias janusensis gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Polyalthia (1)
- Polychaete (1)
- Polychaetes (1)
- Polydesmida (1)
- Polydrusini (1)
- Polydrusus (1)
- Polygala sect. Timutua (1)
- Polyporales (1)
- Polyps (1)
- Pomatiopsidae (1)
- Popilliina (1)
- Populus luziarum (1)
- Populus sect. Aigeiros (1)
- Populus simaroa (1)
- Porricondylinae (1)
- Posidonienschiefer Formation (1)
- Potamiscinae (1)
- Potamiscus (1)
- Potamites (1)
- Potamonautes amosae sp. nov. (1)
- Potamonautes busungwe sp. nov. (1)
- Potamonautes entebbe sp. nov. (1)
- Potamonautes imatongensis sp. nov. (1)
- Potamonautes kantsyore sp. nov. (1)
- Potamonautes morotoensis sp. nov. (1)
- Potamophilus (1)
- Powellithecidae (1)
- Praebebalia sp. nov. (1)
- Principal Component Analysis (1)
- Prionini (1)
- Priophanes (1)
- Pristaulacus (1)
- Pristocerinae (1)
- Prithinae (1)
- Procerobaetis (1)
- Proctotrupoidea (1)
- Prodasineura (1)
- Proformica longipilosa sp. nov. (1)
- Profundiconus (1)
- Prognathochromis (1)
- Prostigmata (1)
- Proto-Atlantic Ocean (1)
- Psammothidium (1)
- Pseudamnicola (1)
- Pseudochelidura (1)
- Pseudolatirus (1)
- Pseudomyrmex (1)
- Pseudopaludicola canga (1)
- Pseudopaludicola matuta sp. nov. (1)
- Pseudopaludicola mineira (1)
- Pseudostegopterus (1)
- Pseudotraulia (1)
- Pseudoxytenanthera (1)
- Psocids (1)
- Psolidae (1)
- Psychodinae (1)
- Psychotria (1)
- Pteridophyta (1)
- Pteromalidae (1)
- Pteromalinae (1)
- Pulmonata (1)
- Pungentus (1)
- Punjab (1)
- Putranjiva matsumurae (1)
- Pycnodontidae (1)
- Pycnodontinae (1)
- Pycnonotidae (1)
- Pyralidae (1)
- Pyramieae (1)
- Pyrenees (1)
- Pyrginae (1)
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1)
- Quadrilátero Ferrífero karst region (1)
- Quediinii (1)
- Quiacaua (1)
- R4 5 vein (1)
- RNA secondary structure (1)
- Rafalus (1)
- Ragadidae (1)
- Rakhine Hills (1)
- Range extension (1)
- Raphidophora (1)
- Raphirus (1)
- Rectapona (1)
- Red List (1)
- Red Sea (1)
- Redivivoides (1)
- Reduviidae (1)
- Regiominutus (1)
- Remysymphyla (1)
- Revision (1)
- Rhaconotini (1)
- Rhaetian (1)
- Rhaphidophorinae (1)
- Rhaphiostylis (1)
- Rhaphium new species (1)
- Rhaptothyreus typicus (1)
- Rhinaulacini (1)
- Rhinopycnodus gabriellae gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Rhizomyces (1)
- Rhodophyta (1)
- Rhopalonematidae (1)
- Rhyacobates (1)
- Riccardia (1)
- Richerius marqueti (1)
- Ripiphoridae (1)
- Roadian (1)
- Rocas Atoll (1)
- Rogadinae (1)
- Romanian Black Sea shelf (1)
- Roproniidae (1)
- Rosaceae (1)
- Ross Sea (1)
- Rostropycnodus gayeti gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Rove beetles (1)
- Rovuma (1)
- Rubeho (1)
- Rudisculptus (1)
- Rudolfina (1)
- Rugiloricus (1)
- Rugosimirax (1)
- Russian Far East (1)
- Russulaceae (1)
- Rutaceae (1)
- Rwenzori Mountains (1)
- Ryukyu Islands (1)
- SW Atlantic (1)
- Sabah (1)
- Sabellidae (1)
- Sagami Bay (1)
- Sahel region (1)
- Sakaerat Environmental Research Station (1)
- Salicaceae (1)
- Salt lake (1)
- Salta (1)
- Salticinae (1)
- Salvia (1)
- Samoa (1)
- Santa Rosa (1)
- Sarax (1)
- Sarcophaginae (1)
- Sardinia (1)
- Sarma Cave (1)
- Sathytes (1)
- Satun Province (1)
- Saudi Arabia (1)
- Saurichthyidae (1)
- Sauropodomorpha (1)
- Savarna (1)
- Savignaster septemtrionalis sp. nov. (1)
- Sayloria (1)
- Scalidophora (1)
- Scarab beetles (1)
- Scarabaeini (1)
- Scaritinae (1)
- Scelionidae (1)
- Schizophyllini (1)
- Schizopteridae (1)
- Schubart (1)
- Sciaridae (1)
- Scionini (1)
- Sclerodermini (1)
- Scoliini (1)
- Scolioidea (1)
- Scolopendrellidae (1)
- Scuticociliates (1)
- Sea cows (1)
- Section Symbegonia (1)
- Selachinematinae (1)
- Senegal (1)
- Senticaudata (1)
- Sepiola boletzkyi sp. nov. (1)
- Sepiolidae (1)
- Septibranchia (1)
- Serida (1)
- Serpentes (1)
- Serra da Bodoquena (1)
- Serra do Aracá (1)
- Serra do Cabral (1)
- Serra do Cipó National Park (1)
- Serra do Ramalho (1)
- Serra dos Carajás (1)
- Serratichneumon (1)
- Sertulariidae (1)
- Sesamiina (1)
- Setaphis (1)
- Setosella (1)
- Setosella cyclopensis (1)
- Sharon gen. nov. (1)
- Sharpia (1)
- Sheikhupura (1)
- Sheldonia s.l. (1)
- Siamcyclops cavernicolus gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Sibogasyrinx pyramidalis species complex, (1)
- Sichuan (1)
- Sicrana (1)
- Sierra Madre Occidental (1)
- Sierra Madre del Sur (1)
- Sierra Sur (1)
- Sigalioninae (1)
- Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Sijaricia (1)
- Silene (1)
- Singularia (1)
- Sino-Japanese Realm (1)
- Siphonomorpha (1)
- Sira (1)
- Sirdenus (1)
- Siriella (1)
- Siriellinae (1)
- Siwaliks (1)
- Skagerrak (1)
- Skryje-Týřovice Basin (1)
- Skuphonura (1)
- Slottsmøya Lagerstätte (1)
- Slovakia (1)
- Smeringopinae (1)
- Smicrideinae (1)
- Smicronyx (1)
- Smiliogastrini (1)
- SokhoBio 2015 (1)
- Soldier beetles (1)
- Solnhofen (1)
- Solomon Islands (1)
- Sonerila longipetiolata (1)
- Sonerileae (1)
- Sophophora (1)
- South African distribution (1)
- South Atlantic Ocean (1)
- South East Asia (1)
- South India (1)
- South Shetland Island (1)
- South Wayanad forest division (1)
- South-West Atlantic (1)
- South-West Indian Ocean (1)
- Southeastern Asia (1)
- Southern Africa (1)
- Southwest and Central Asia (1)
- Spalangiopelta (1)
- Sparasionidae (1)
- Speonemadus (1)
- Spermacoce clade (1)
- Spermacoceae s. lat. (1)
- Sphaerolaimidae (1)
- Sphecodes (1)
- Sphecodina (1)
- Sphecodini (1)
- Sphegina (1)
- Sphex (1)
- Spiders (1)
- Spittlebugs (1)
- Spongillida (1)
- Springtails (1)
- Squamata (1)
- St. Lawrence Estuary (1)
- Stamnodini (1)
- Staphylinidae (1)
- Staphylininae (1)
- Staphylinini (1)
- Stegelleta (1)
- Stenomalina (1)
- Stenothoidae (1)
- Stenothremma (1)
- Stephanidae (1)
- Stephanodiscaceae (1)
- Stephanopinae (1)
- Stephanopis (1)
- Stephostethus (1)
- Sternorrhyncha (1)
- Stigmaeus (1)
- Stink bugs (1)
- Stoneflies (1)
- Storenomorphinae (1)
- Strait of Gibraltar (1)
- Strandesia (1)
- Stygofauna (1)
- Stylar caps (1)
- Sub-Antarctica (1)
- Subantarctic (1)
- Subantarctic New Zealand (1)
- Subpsaltria (1)
- Subterranean environment (1)
- Suhpalacsini (1)
- Sundaland (1)
- Surirella (1)
- Sussaba (1)
- Susuacanga (1)
- Switzerland (1)
- SymbioCode (1)
- Symphyla (1)
- Symphylella (1)
- Synaldis (1)
- Synchroa bark beetle (1)
- Synocheta (1)
- Synonym (1)
- Synopeas (1)
- Syrphinae (1)
- Syscia arcodorsa sp. nov. (1)
- Syscia zhoui sp. nov. (1)
- São Francisco River (1)
- T. kanburiensis complex (1)
- Ta Kou Mountain (1)
- Tachycines (Gymnaeta) (1)
- Taeniochilosia (1)
- Tallahatta Formation (1)
- Tamarix (1)
- Tarantula (1)
- Tarsi (1)
- Tateidae (1)
- Taxonomic revision (1)
- Teleasinae (1)
- Teleostei (1)
- Tenthredininae (1)
- Tenuibiotus voronkovi (1)
- Tephritidae (1)
- Termite (1)
- Tetralicia (1)
- Tetramoriini (1)
- Tetrastigma (1)
- Tetreres (1)
- Tettigoniidae (1)
- Texas (1)
- Thai (1)
- Thai Peninsula (1)
- Thar Desert (1)
- Thaumastodinae (1)
- The Calanques (1)
- The Natural History Museum (London) (1)
- Theloderma khoii sp. nov. (1)
- Thomas Hardwicke (1)
- Thomisidae (1)
- Thornburghiella (1)
- Three-taxon statement analysis (1)
- Thysanura (1)
- Tibetisoperla elongata sp. nov. (1)
- Tibetisoperla sclerotica sp. nov. (1)
- Tibicina (1)
- Tillandsia spp. (1)
- Tinggianthura (1)
- Tirana (1)
- Tomocerinae (1)
- Tomosvaryellini (1)
- Torodorinae (1)
- Torrenticolidae (1)
- Torymidae (1)
- Townostilpnus (1)
- Trachymedusae (1)
- Trachystreptini (1)
- Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (1)
- Trefusia piperata sp. nov. (1)
- Trefusialaimus (1)
- Trefusialaimus idrisi sp. nov. (1)
- Trefusiidae (1)
- Triassic (1)
- Trichopodini (1)
- Trichopsomyia formiciphila group (1)
- Trindade Island (1)
- Triplectidinae (1)
- Triplonchida (1)
- Triraphis (1)
- Troglomyces (1)
- Trogonoptera brookiana trogon (1)
- Trophocleptria (1)
- Tropical Amazon Rainforest (1)
- Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos (1)
- Tropical Dry Forest (1)
- Trossingen Formation (1)
- Trypostegidae (1)
- Tucuman-Bolivian forest (1)
- Tunisia (1)
- Turbinidae (1)
- Tylonycteris (1)
- Typhloiulus (1)
- Typhlopolycystidinae (1)
- USA (1)
- Uganda (1)
- Ulomyia (1)
- Ulota eremitensis (1)
- Ulota fuegiana (1)
- Ulota macrocalycina (1)
- Undulacandona (1)
- United Kingdom Overseas Territory (1)
- United States (1)
- Upper Franconia (1)
- Urals (1)
- Urocythereis (1)
- Urodeta (1)
- Uroleucon (1)
- Uvs Nuur Basin (1)
- V. sotoarenasii (1)
- Vanilla planifolia (1)
- Varadia amboliensis gen. et sp. nov. (1)
- Vatinae (1)
- Velleius (1)
- Vermetidae (1)
- Vertebrata (1)
- Vespertilioninae (1)
- Vestiplex (1)
- Vientiane Capital (1)
- Vietomartyria (1)
- Vincetoxicum (1)
- Vinh Phuc (1)
- Vitaceae (1)
- Viverridae (1)
- Volxemia (1)
- W Africa (1)
- W.D. Hincks (1)
- Wanganui Basin (1)
- West Afrcia (1)
- West Azerbaijan Province (1)
- West Coast of India (1)
- West Pacific (1)
- West Palaearctic (1)
- West Shetland shelf (1)
- Western Africa (1)
- Western Asia (1)
- Western Caucasus (1)
- Western Himalayas (1)
- Western Indian Ocean (1)
- Western Palaearctic Region (1)
- Westheidesyllis (1)
- Weygoldtia (1)
- Weyrauch (1)
- William Roxburgh (1)
- Willowsia (1)
- Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov. (1)
- Willowsiinae (1)
- WoRMS (1)
- Wolbachia (1)
- Woldstedtius (1)
- World Register of Marine Species (1)
- XML (1)
- Xanthidae (1)
- Xanthopygina (1)
- Xanín (1)
- Xizang (1)
- Xoridinae (1)
- Xper (1)
- Xyalidae (1)
- Xylothrips (1)
- Yucatan (1)
- Yuelu Mountain (1)
- Zalmoxoidea (1)
- Zaprionus (1)
- Zarafa (1)
- Zeiraphera griseana (1)
- Zelatractodes (1)
- Zhangixalus franki sp. nov. (1)
- Zimbabwe (1)
- Zingiber (1)
- Zodariellum (1)
- Zodarion (1)
- abyssal fauna (1)
- acoustic diagnosis (1)
- adaptation (1)
- afrotropic (1)
- alien species (1)
- allometry (1)
- allopatric distribution (1)
- allopatric speciation (1)
- alpha taxonomy (1)
- alpha-taxonomy (1)
- alphabetic order of taxa (1)
- alpine Siro group (1)
- altitude (1)
- altitudinal distribution (1)
- ammonoids (1)
- amphibious (1)
- amphidromous shrimp (1)
- anchialine cave (1)
- ancient DNA (1)
- anglerfish (1)
- annelids (1)
- ant (1)
- ant-like (1)
- anthomyzid flies (1)
- apomorphies (1)
- aptery (1)
- aquatic beetles (1)
- aquatic biodiversity (1)
- aquatic larvae (1)
- arachnid (1)
- arachnids (1)
- arachnology (1)
- arboreal ant (1)
- ardigrades (1)
- arid regions (1)
- artus group (1)
- arvicoline rodents (1)
- assassin bugs (1)
- association (1)
- associations with other invertebrates (1)
- authorship citation (1)
- avian hosts (1)
- axonomy (1)
- bamboo feeds (1)
- bar coding (1)
- barcode of life (1)
- barcodes (1)
- barnacle (1)
- basidiomycota (1)
- bathymetric trends (1)
- behavior (1)
- belondiridae (1)
- bent-toed gecko (1)
- benthic macrofauna (1)
- big-headed flies (1)
- bioacoustics (1)
- biocontrol (1)
- biodiversity exploration (1)
- biodiversity shortfalls (1)
- bioerosion (1)
- biogeography, geotectonic (1)
- bioimmuration (1)
- biological control (1)
- biology (1)
- bionomics (1)
- biostratigraphy (1)
- bird lists (1)
- black flies (1)
- black locust seed predation (1)
- blister beetles (1)
- boreal (1)
- botany (1)
- brachypterous Meconematini (1)
- brittle-stars (1)
- brown recluse spiders (1)
- bulb morphology (1)
- burrowing spiders (1)
- burrowing toad (1)
- bush crickets (1)
- butterflies (1)
- caatinga (1)
- calibrated phylogeny (1)
- camouflage (1)
- catalogue (1)
- caterpillar-like abdomen (1)
- caudal ramus (1)
- cauliflory (1)
- cave dweller (1)
- cave leeches (1)
- cave spider (1)
- cave wētā (1)
- cave-dwelling copepod (1)
- cave-inhabiting (1)
- ceck-list (1)
- celation (1)
- cell outline (1)
- central China (1)
- centric diatoms (1)
- cephalotheca (1)
- cephalothorax (1)
- cerambycid (1)
- cerrado (1)
- characiforms (1)
- character (1)
- character states of the metasternum and katepisternum (1)
- characters (1)
- chemosymbiosis (1)
- chemosynthetic (1)
- chromosome (1)
- circum-Mediterranean (1)
- circumscription (1)
- cirrophores (1)
- civets (1)
- cladistic analysis (1)
- cladistics (1)
- climate changes (1)
- climbers (1)
- cloud forest understory (1)
- clypeal chaetotaxy (1)
- coastal area (1)
- coastal oniscidea (1)
- cocoons (1)
- coevolution (1)
- cold seeps (1)
- collapsing nodes (1)
- colony growth-form (1)
- color polymorphism (1)
- colour images (1)
- commensal (1)
- commercially important (1)
- comparative morphology (1)
- complexity (1)
- computer program (1)
- conjecture of natural history (1)
- conodont (1)
- conservation assessment (1)
- conservation genetics (1)
- conservation status (1)
- copulatory organ (1)
- copulatory organs (1)
- copulatory plug (1)
- coral (1)
- coral associates (1)
- coral-reef plankton (1)
- corrections (1)
- corticalis group (1)
- cosmopolitanism (1)
- cox1 (1)
- coxal morphology (1)
- cpDNA rps16 (1)
- craneflies (1)
- cryptic biodiversity (1)
- cryptic diversity (1)
- cryptic species delimitation (1)
- cuckoo wasps (1)
- cuticular hydrocarbons (1)
- cyt b (1)
- cytochrome c oxidase (1)
- dNA barcode (1)
- damselfly (1)
- data liberation (1)
- data quality (1)
- database (1)
- deep-sea canyons (1)
- deep-sea corals (1)
- deep-sea environments (1)
- deep-sea squid (1)
- deep-water Amalda (1)
- deep-water Conoidea (1)
- deepwater corals (1)
- dendrinids (1)
- depositional depth (1)
- determination key (1)
- diagnoses (1)
- diagnostic characters (1)
- diagnostic molecular characters (1)
- diagnostic traits (1)
- diatom (1)
- diatom fosil record (1)
- dichotomic key (1)
- diet (1)
- discriminant analysis (1)
- disjunct distribution (1)
- disjunction (1)
- disparity (1)
- dispersal (1)
- dispersion (1)
- dissection (1)
- distribution area (1)
- distribution range extension (1)
- divergence time estimation (1)
- dobsonflies (1)
- domestic chicken (1)
- dor beetles (1)
- doubtful species (1)
- dragon millipede (1)
- drosophilid (1)
- dry forest (1)
- dry vegetation (1)
- earthworms (1)
- earwigs (1)
- east Australia (1)
- eastern Africa (1)
- eastern part of Asia (1)
- ebony (1)
- echinoids (1)
- ecnomids (1)
- ecomorphs (1)
- ectobiontic fungi (1)
- ectoparasite (1)
- ectoparasitic fungus (1)
- egg number (1)
- egg parasitoids (1)
- egg size (1)
- egg tardigrades (1)
- embryo size (1)
- endemic Mexican genus (1)
- endemics (1)
- endogean species (1)
- endogeic (1)
- enlarged piriform (1)
- entomological collection (1)
- entomology (1)
- environmental niche (1)
- epikarstic drip (1)
- epiphytes (1)
- epitoky (1)
- epitype (1)
- epizootic fungi (1)
- equatorial East Atlantic (1)
- errestrial isopods (1)
- estuaries (1)
- eukaryotic biodiversity (1)
- eupelmids (1)
- evaporitic cave (1)
- evolution centre (1)
- evolutionary relationships (1)
- ew distribution record (1)
- extinction (1)
- eye reduction (1)
- eye stalks (1)
- eyeless (1)
- fairyfly (1)
- false scorpions (1)
- faunal list (1)
- faunal survey (1)
- faunistic (1)
- faunistic review (1)
- fecundity (1)
- female descriptions (1)
- females (1)
- ferns (1)
- first illustration (1)
- fish pathology (1)
- fishflies (1)
- flagellosigma (1)
- flatworm (1)
- flightless (1)
- flightlessness (1)
- floristic account (1)
- flower chafers (1)
- flower flies (1)
- flower fly (1)
- foraging behavior (1)
- forests (1)
- fossil insects (1)
- fossil record analysis (1)
- founder effect (1)
- free-living (1)
- free-living marine nematodes (1)
- freshwater fishes (1)
- freshwater gastropods (1)
- freshwater mussel (1)
- freshwater snails (1)
- freshwater-mussels (1)
- frog (1)
- frog leg trade (1)
- froghopper (1)
- frogs (1)
- fruit flies (1)
- functional morphology (1)
- fungus gnats (1)
- gamergate (1)
- gecko (1)
- gelatinous zooplankton (1)
- gen. nov., sp. nov. (1)
- genera (1)
- genetic connections (1)
- genetic distance (1)
- genital diversification (1)
- genital morphotypes (1)
- genitalia description (1)
- genotype→phenotype map (1)
- genus (1)
- genus template (1)
- geographic distribution (1)
- geographic isolation (1)
- geographical color variation (1)
- geometric morphometry (1)
- giant water bugs (1)
- glacial biodiversity (1)
- glacial distribution (1)
- gland spigots (1)
- glandular fossae (1)
- global oceans (1)
- goblin spider (1)
- gonopods (1)
- gonopood (1)
- grassland ecosystem (1)
- grasslands (1)
- grasstree weevils (1)
- grey seals (1)
- ground dwellers (1)
- groundwater (1)
- groundwater environment (1)
- groundwater fauna (1)
- growth-form (1)
- gum tree (1)
- gynander (1)
- habenariinae (1)
- habitat and host-plant affinity (1)
- habitat differences (1)
- habitat selection (1)
- hadal zone (1)
- hahniids (1)
- hallucinogenic (1)
- halobiont (1)
- halophilic woodlouse (1)
- handbook (1)
- hangingfly (1)
- haplochromine cichlid (1)
- haplochromines (1)
- haplotype networking (1)
- hard substrates (1)
- harvestmen (1)
- hematophagous dipterans (1)
- heptageniid mayfly (1)
- herbarium specimens (1)
- herpetology (1)
- heterochrony (1)
- heterophylly (1)
- hidden speciation (1)
- hierarchical classification vs linear listing order (1)
- high altitudes (1)
- hill topping (1)
- histo-pathology (1)
- histology (1)
- historical specimens (1)
- history of taxonomy (1)
- horse flies (1)
- horticulture (1)
- host range (1)
- host specificity (1)
- host-parasite association (1)
- host-plants (1)
- hotspot (1)
- hoverfly (1)
- huntsman spiders (1)
- hybridity (1)
- hydromedusa (1)
- hydrothermal vents (1)
- hypogenic cave (1)
- hyporheic (1)
- iNaturalist (1)
- ichnotaxonomy (1)
- ichthyofauna (1)
- identifcation key (1)
- illustrated key (1)
- immature stages (1)
- insect decline (1)
- insect-associated nematodes (1)
- insects (1)
- inselbergs (1)
- instar (1)
- instraspecific variation (1)
- insular habitats (1)
- integrated approach (1)
- integrated taxonomy (1)
- integrative (1)
- interoperability (1)
- interpopulational diversity (1)
- interspecific variation (1)
- interstitial (1)
- interstitial fauna (1)
- intertidal (1)
- intertidal zone (1)
- intestinal infection (1)
- intraspecific character variability (1)
- intraspecific morphological variability (1)
- intraspecific variability (1)
- intuitive taxonomy (1)
- invasive plant (1)
- involucrate (1)
- iodiversity hotspot (1)
- iron caves (1)
- island (1)
- island endemics (1)
- island gigantism (1)
- island population (1)
- islands (1)
- jMOTU (1)
- jaw (1)
- jellyfish (1)
- karst forest (1)
- karstic cave (1)
- karyotype (1)
- keys to genera and species (1)
- kinglets (1)
- kong (1)
- laboratory rearing (1)
- labral keel (1)
- lacewings (1)
- lack of phylogenetic analysis (1)
- ladybird beetles (1)
- lancastrei (1)
- land snail anatomy (1)
- large Branchiopoda (1)
- larval development (1)
- larval hostplants (1)
- larval-adult association (1)
- leaf beetles (1)
- leaf miners (1)
- leaf skeletonizer larva (1)
- leaf webber (1)
- leaf-litter ants (1)
- leafhopper (1)
- leafminer (1)
- lectotypification (1)
- lepidopteran pests (1)
- leucogeorgiinines (1)
- lianas (1)
- lichenized fungi (1)
- limbs (1)
- limestone endemics (1)
- limestone habitat (1)
- limestones (1)
- linear classification (1)
- list (1)
- littoral lagoons (1)
- liverworts (1)
- lizard (1)
- lobe-headed bug (1)
- local endemism (1)
- long-horned caddisflies (1)
- long-jawed orbweavers (1)
- long-lipped beetles (1)
- long-toed water beetles (1)
- lower Brachycera (1)
- macrofauna (1)
- macrotrichia (1)
- madreporite (1)
- male description (1)
- male palp (1)
- male terminalia (1)
- mandible (1)
- mandible evolution (1)
- mangroves (1)
- mantis shrimp (1)
- marine (1)
- marine Cenomanian (1)
- marine Tardigrada (1)
- marine benthos (1)
- marine caves (1)
- marine clitellates (1)
- marine nematode (1)
- marine nematodes (1)
- marine predatory nematodes (1)
- marine protected area (1)
- marine snails (1)
- marine subtidal tardigrades (1)
- marmot mandible (1)
- maxillary palps (1)
- mealybugs (1)
- measurement error (1)
- meiofauna paradox (1)
- melanism (1)
- mesophotic zone (1)
- mesosoma morphology (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- metadata (1)
- metatibial gland (1)
- micro-CT analysis (1)
- micro-CT scanning (1)
- micro-computed tomography (1)
- microborings (1)
- microcaddisflies (1)
- microendemic species (1)
- microhabitat shift (1)
- microhabitat shifts (1)
- microphotography (1)
- microtomography (1)
- millipede (1)
- miniature trap-jaw ants (1)
- mining bees (1)
- minute mud-loving beetle (1)
- miombo (1)
- mitochondrial clade (1)
- mitogenome (1)
- mitogenomics (1)
- modified key (1)
- modified pleopods (1)
- molecular analyses (1)
- molecular assisted systematics (1)
- molecular characters (1)
- molecular data (1)
- mollusc phylogenetics (1)
- monograph (1)
- monophlebines (1)
- monophyletic (1)
- monstrilloids (1)
- morphoanatomy (1)
- morphological (1)
- morphological assignment (1)
- morphological characters (1)
- morphological review (1)
- morphological variability (1)
- morphological variation (1)
- morphologically cryptic species (1)
- mountain streams (1)
- mountains (1)
- mouth-brooding cichlids (1)
- mouthparts (1)
- mt COI (1)
- mt COI DNA (1)
- mtCOI (1)
- multi-locus coalescent (1)
- multigene phylogeny (1)
- multivariate analysis (1)
- multivariate morphometrics (1)
- multivariate ratio analysis (1)
- museum collection (1)
- museum specimens (1)
- mutualism (1)
- myrmecomorphic (1)
- myrmicine ants (1)
- myxosporean (1)
- myxozoan parasites (1)
- naked barnacle (1)
- natural history collections (1)
- nauplius (1)
- nematodes (1)
- neotypification (1)
- new data (1)
- new distributional records (1)
- new enchytraeid species (1)
- new faunistic records (1)
- new fossil taxa (1)
- new host records (1)
- new niphargids (1)
- new occurrence (1)
- new specie (1)
- new species description (1)
- new species, (1)
- new subfamily (1)
- new subspecies (1)
- new tribe (1)
- new weevil species (1)
- new world (1)
- nodes (1)
- nomenclatural act (1)
- nomenclatural changes (1)
- non-indigenous species (1)
- northeast Atlantic (1)
- northeastern Brazil (1)
- nrDNA ITS (1)
- nuclear ITS2 secondary structure (1)
- nuclear genes (1)
- nuichuana (1)
- numerical analyses (1)
- objective clustering (1)
- octocorals (1)
- ocular area (1)
- oligolecty (1)
- ompensatory base changes (1)
- onshore-offshore trends (1)
- ontogenetic change (1)
- operculum (1)
- oral ring (1)
- oral shield (1)
- organ receptors (1)
- oriental (1)
- oriental biogeographic region (1)
- oriental region (1)
- orophilous species (1)
- outliers (1)
- outline analysis (1)
- palaearctic region (1)
- palaeolimnology (1)
- pallida (1)
- palm house (1)
- palpal elongation (1)
- paralectotype (1)
- parallel evolution (1)
- parallelism (1)
- paramo (1)
- parapatric speciation (1)
- parapodial glands (1)
- parasitic copepods (1)
- parasitoid-host relationship (1)
- parataxonomy (1)
- parchment worm (1)
- patch-nosed snakes (1)
- pearlfish (1)
- pelagic niche differentiation (1)
- peninsular Thailand (1)
- periphyton (1)
- perspective (1)
- phantasca (1)
- pharyngeal jaw proportions (1)
- pharyngeal regions (1)
- phasmatodea (1)
- phenology (1)
- phenotypic plasticity (1)
- phenotypically cryptic species (1)
- pholcid (1)
- photographs (1)
- phreatic groundwater (1)
- phylogenesis (1)
- phylogenetic classification (1)
- phylogenetic relationships (1)
- phylogenetic signal (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- pigmentation (1)
- pincer-wasps (1)
- pirate spiders (1)
- pitviper (1)
- plant bug (1)
- plant sexuality (1)
- plant-weevil interactions (1)
- pleasing fungus beetles (1)
- pollen feeding (1)
- pollination (1)
- pollinator (1)
- polychroma (1)
- polyclads (1)
- polymorphic species (1)
- pore complexes (1)
- pore morphology (1)
- praying mantis (1)
- preadaptation (1)
- predaceous midges (1)
- predation (1)
- predator (1)
- predatory (1)
- predatory flies (1)
- predatory stink bugs (1)
- primary types (1)
- problematic species (1)
- protected area (1)
- protoconch (1)
- pseudocoelomocytes (1)
- pseudoscorpion (1)
- pteridophytes (1)
- public aquarium institutions (1)
- publishing standard (1)
- pycnodontiformes (1)
- pyrene morphology (1)
- pyrenoid (1)
- páramo (1)
- rDNA cistron (1)
- radial shield (1)
- radular morphology (1)
- rafting (1)
- rainbow scarab dung beetles (1)
- range extensions (1)
- re-descripction (1)
- re-descriptions (1)
- reconfirmed combination (1)
- records (1)
- redefinition (1)
- reduced chaetotaxy (1)
- reed warblers (1)
- reef crustaceans (1)
- reinstatement (1)
- replicability (1)
- replicated evolution (1)
- reproduction (1)
- restinga (1)
- restored combination (1)
- revised taxonomy (1)
- rhizosphere (1)
- ribbon worms (1)
- ribosomal RNA gene cluster (1)
- ringed seals (1)
- riparian (1)
- river (1)
- riverine distribution (1)
- rivers (1)
- robbing (1)
- rocky landscape (1)
- saline (1)
- salpingid group (1)
- saltational evolution (1)
- salticids (1)
- samphire zone (1)
- sampling error (1)
- saproxylic (1)
- saproxylic beetles (1)
- sarsii (1)
- savannah (1)
- scalation (1)
- scale worms (1)
- scanning electron microscope (1)
- scarab beetles (1)
- scavengers (1)
- sculpins (1)
- scuticociliates (1)
- sea turtles (1)
- seashore (1)
- secondary loss (1)
- sectional classification (1)
- seed predator parasitoid (1)
- seeds (1)
- sensory organs (1)
- sensory pits (1)
- series Trichospermae (1)
- setae (1)
- setulae (1)
- sexstrigatus group (1)
- sexual color dimorphism (1)
- sexual variation (1)
- shallow subterranean habitat (MSS) (1)
- shallow-water whale-fall (1)
- shape analysis (1)
- shape anaylsis (1)
- sharpshooter leafhoppers (1)
- sheet web spiders (1)
- shell (1)
- shell microsculpture (1)
- shield bugs (1)
- shining fungus beetles (1)
- shining leaf chafers (1)
- short molecular distance (1)
- short-range endemic (SRE) invertebrates (1)
- short-range endemism (1)
- sibling species (1)
- simplex species group (1)
- sinkholes (1)
- six-eyed crab spiders (1)
- skippers (1)
- skull shape (1)
- sky island (1)
- slug-eating snakes (1)
- small subunit 18S rDNA (1)
- soft scales (1)
- soil (1)
- soil arthropod (1)
- soil trap (1)
- soil-dwelling (1)
- soldierfly (1)
- solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid (1)
- solitary wasps (1)
- south-western Indian Ocean (1)
- southeastern Asia (1)
- southeastern France (1)
- southeastern Pacific (1)
- southern Africa (1)
- southern Ecuador (1)
- southern Hikurangi Margin (1)
- southwestern Atlantic (1)
- sp. nov. (1)
- spaghetti worms (1)
- speciation (1)
- species boundaries (1)
- species concepts (1)
- species delimitation method (1)
- species discovery (1)
- species distribution modeling (1)
- species flock (1)
- species group revision (1)
- species groups (1)
- species identification (1)
- species inventory (1)
- species lists (1)
- species online documentation (1)
- species turnover (1)
- species-complex (1)
- speleobiology (1)
- spider wasps (1)
- spider-mimic (1)
- spider-nests (1)
- spiders (1)
- spinnerets (1)
- spinules (1)
- spiny forest (1)
- sponge associate (1)
- sponge habitat (1)
- sponges (1)
- spring (1)
- springtail (1)
- staminodes (1)
- steenstrupi (1)
- stick mantis (1)
- stoma (1)
- stoneflies (1)
- stonefly (1)
- strand-bias (1)
- stream (1)
- streams (1)
- stridulatory bristles (1)
- strobilation (1)
- stygobiont (1)
- stygobiont fauna (1)
- stygobionts (1)
- stygofauna (1)
- subfamilies (1)
- subgeneric division (1)
- subgroup (1)
- subspecies (1)
- subterranean (1)
- subterranean ants (1)
- subterranean ecology (1)
- subterranean ecosystems (1)
- subterranean environment (1)
- subterranean species (1)
- subtropical (1)
- subtropical to tropical West Atlantic (1)
- sulfidic habitat (1)
- superfamily Janiroidea (1)
- supermatrix (1)
- surstylus (1)
- sweat bee (1)
- symbiotic interactions (1)
- symbiotic species (1)
- sympagic (1)
- sympatric species (1)
- sympatry (1)
- symphysocery (1)
- synanthropic (1)
- synomyny (1)
- synonymies (1)
- synonymization (1)
- syrphids (1)
- systematic error (1)
- systematics, (1)
- taxonomic additions (1)
- taxonomic changes (1)
- taxonomic conflict (1)
- taxonomic data (1)
- taxonomic databases (1)
- taxonomic disagreement (1)
- taxonomic disorder (1)
- taxonomic impediment (1)
- taxonomic inflation (1)
- taxonomic revalidation (1)
- taxonomic review (1)
- taxonomic revision (1)
- taxonomy and systematics (1)
- taxonomyv (1)
- tegula (1)
- temperate distribution (1)
- temporal phenotype (1)
- temporary ponds (1)
- tent-web spiders (1)
- tentacular cirri (1)
- terebellids (1)
- tergal glands (1)
- terminology (1)
- termites (1)
- terrestrial crustacean (1)
- terrestrial isopoda (1)
- tetraploids (1)
- the Antilles (1)
- thecate hydroids (1)
- thorny-headed worms (1)
- threatened ants (1)
- threatened species (1)
- tibial apophyses (1)
- tibial process (1)
- tiger geckos (1)
- time series (1)
- time-calibrated phylogeny (1)
- time-dating (1)
- toe pattern (1)
- total-evidence analysis (1)
- trace fossils (1)
- trait evolution (1)
- trapdoor spider (1)
- tree canopy (1)
- treehopper (1)
- trichomes (1)
- tripunctata radiation (1)
- troglobitic microsnails (1)
- troglomorphies (1)
- troglomorphy (1)
- troglophilev (1)
- trophic ecology (1)
- tropical deep-sea benthos (1)
- tropical dry forest (1)
- tropical rainforest (1)
- trunciflory (1)
- tsingy (1)
- tube worms (1)
- tuberous (1)
- turbellaria (1)
- turbellarians (1)
- turbo taxonomy (1)
- turtles (1)
- tylencholaimid (1)
- type designation (1)
- type locality (1)
- type material (1)
- type series (1)
- type species (1)
- ubiquity (1)
- ultramafic (1)
- ultraviolet light (1)
- upper bathyal (1)
- valvatiform hydrobiids (1)
- variation (1)
- vein C (1)
- ventral abdominal setae (1)
- ventral cirri (1)
- verbesinae species group (1)
- vine snakes (1)
- violin spiders (1)
- virtual specimens (1)
- voucher pictures (1)
- walking stick (1)
- walking sticks (1)
- wasp parasite (1)
- wasps (1)
- water mite (1)
- water-milfoil (1)
- web design (1)
- west coast of Sweden (1)
- western Amazonia (1)
- western Indian Ocean (1)
- western Nemaspela group (1)
- western Pacific (1)
- wet zone (1)
- whip spider (1)
- white sand (1)
- wing (1)
- wing morphometry (1)
- wishbone spide (1)
- wolf spider (1)
- wolf-spiders (1)
- world checklist (1)
- xeric habitat (1)
- xerophytic plants (1)
- zoogeography (1)
- ‘Barbus’ (1)
- “Conchostraca” (1)
- “Rosy tetra” clade (1)
- “campo rupestre” (1)
- †Platylepas mediterranea sp. nov. (1)
Institute
95
The South African endemic bees of the "euryglossiform" species of the genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 are revised and illustrated. The species-group is defined for the first time and comprises 20 species, 16 of which are described here as new: Scrapter exiguus sp. nov. ♀, ♂, S. gessorum sp. nov. ♀, S. inexpectatus sp. nov. ♀, S. luteistigma sp. nov. ♀, ♂, S. minutissimus sp. nov. ♂, S. minutuloides sp. nov. ♀, S. minutus sp. nov. ♀, S. nanus sp. nov. ♀, ♂, S. nigerrimus sp. nov. ♀, S. nigritarsis sp. nov. ♀, S. papkuilsi sp. nov. ♀, ♂, S. punctatus sp. nov. ♀, ♂, S. pygmaeus sp. nov. ♀, S. roggeveldi sp. nov. ♀, ♂, S. spinipes sp. nov. ♀, ♂ and S. ulrikae sp. nov. ♀, ♂. For S. acanthophorus Davies, 2005 and S. sittybon Davies, 2005 the female is here described for the first time. A key to all species is provided.
94
Rhaptothyreus is arguably the most enigmatic nematode taxon due to a combination of unusual morphological features (e.g., large feather-like amphids, vestigial mouth, trophosome, single spicule), unclear phylogenetic relationships (possible affinities with the Enoplida, Mermithida and Benthimermithida) and a distribution restricted to the deep sea. Here I provide the first record of the genus in the Western Pacific Ocean and describe new morphological features of a moulting juvenile. This specimen is characterised by features that differ markedly from those of the adults, the most prominent being the absence of cephalic sensillae and amphids and the presence of a stylet-like structure in the buccal cavity. Similar contrasts in morphology are found between adults and juveniles of the order Benthimermithida, which is characterised by free-living adults and parasitic juveniles.
Other morphological (large body size, presence of trophosome) and distributional characteristics (predominantly deep-sea distribution, juveniles rare / absent in sediments) are also common to both groups. Published records show that Rhaptothyreus is commonly found in oligotrophic environments (e.g., abyssal plain) where organisms bearing symbiotic bacteria are not typically found, which makes the presence of endosymbiotic bacteria inside the trophosome unlikely. These observations are consistent with the existence of a parasitic juvenile life stage in Rhaptothyreus.
93
Three new species of Pachygnatha, P. bispiralis sp. nov., P. intermedia sp. nov. and P. ventricosa sp. nov., are described from forest areas in western Burundi. The presence of P. procincta Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 in Burundi confirms its very wide distribution spanning most of Africa.
Pachygnatha appears to be an important element of the afromontane spider fauna.
92
Datua brevirostris Lallemand, 1959 is transferred to the genus Egregia Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2011 in the Aphaeninae and the new combination Egregia brevirostris (Lallemand, 1959)
comb. nov. is proposed. Egregia marpessa Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2011, the type-species of the genus Egregia, is synonymized with Egregia brevirostris (Lallemand, 1959). A second species, Egregia laprincesse sp. nov. is described from Sumatra, extending the distribution of the genus hitherto recorded only from Borneo. Distribution maps and an identification key are provided. The male genitalia of E. brevirostris are illustrated and described. The genus Datua Schmidt, 1911 now contains a single species, D. bisinuata Schmidt, 1911.
91
The Afrotropical Rhyssinae are reviewed. A total of 12 species are reported from the region, including five new species: Epirhyssa brianfisheri sp. nov., E. gavinbroadi sp. nov., E. shaka sp. nov., E. villemantae sp. nov. and E. tombeaodiba sp. nov. The generic status of E. brianfisheri sp. nov. is discussed since this species could also be considered to be an extra-limital Triancyra species, emphasizing the putative paraphyletic status of Epirhyssa. Epirhyssa ghesquierei Seyrig, 1937, E. overlaeti Seyrig, 1937 and E. uelensis Benoit, 1951 are newly reported from Cameroon. We provide illustrated diagnoses and identification notes. Finally, we discuss the apparent scarcity of African rhyssines compared to other regions.
90
This study presents a taxonomic update of the Tetramorium weitzeckeri species group.
Tetramorium mpala sp. nov. is described from Laikipia, Kenya, and placed in the T. weitzeckeri species complex. In addition, we also provide an illustrated identification key to the three species complexes of the T. weitzeckeri species group, and an updated illustrated identification key to the species of the T. weitzeckeri species complex.
89
88
Jirds (genus Meriones) are a diverse group of rodents, with a wide distribution range in Iran. Sundevall’s jird (Meriones crassus Sundevall, 1842) is one such species that shows a disjunct distribution, found on the Iranian Plateau and Western Zagros Mountains. Morphological differences observed between these two populations, however, lack quantitative support. Morphological differences between geographical populations of Meriones crassus were analysed and compared with those of the sympatric M. libycus. Similarities in the cranial morphology of these species were found, e.g. in a relatively large and inflated bulla. A two-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis was done on the skull of 275 M. crassus and 220 M. libycus from more than 70 different localities in their distribution range. Results confirm cranial differences between specimens of M. crassus from the Western Zagros and those from Africa and Arabia, mainly at the level of the relative size of the tympanic bulla, that were significantly correlated with the annual rainfall and elevation. Moreover, the study supports the hypothesis that the Western Zagros specimens are both a geographically and phenotypically distinct group compared to the other Iranian M. crassus specimens, suggesting that the former might be a distinct species.
87
Populations of Stegelleta are described from California, New Zealand and Senegal. An amphimictic population from California is identified as belonging to S. incisa and compared with type specimens from Utah and an amphimictic population from Italy. One population from New Zealand is close to S. incisa but considered to represent a new species, Stegelleta laterocornuta sp. nov. It is particularly characterised by a 379–512 μm long body in females and 365–476 μm in males; cuticle divided into 16 rows of blocks at midbody (excluding lateral field); lateral field with four incisures; three pairs of asymmetrical lips, U-shaped primary axils without guarding processes, each lip asymmetrically rectangular with a smooth margin, only lateral lips have slender acute tines; three labial probolae, bifurcated at half of their length; vulva without flap; spermatheca 17–31 μm long; postuterine sac 7–24 μm long; spicules 21.5–23.5 μm long. Other specimens from New Zealand are identified as belonging to S. tuarua. A parthenogenetic population from Senegal is identified as belonging to S. ophioglossa and compared with type specimens from Mongolia and records of several other populations of S. ophioglossa. The generic diagnosis is emended and a key to the species of Stegelleta is provided.
86
85
Kempfidris : a new genus of myrmicine ants from the Neotropical region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
(2014)
The new genus Kempfidris gen. nov. is described based on the workers of a single species, K. inusualis comb. nov., from Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Kempfidris inusualis comb. nov. was originally described by Fernández (2007) and provisionally placed in Monomorium awaiting a better understanding of the internal relationships in Myrmicinae. Kempfidris gen. nov. has a series of distinctive morphological characters including the mandibular configuration, vestibulate propodeal spiracle, propodeal carinae, and cylindrical micro-pegs on the posteromedian portion of abdominal tergum VI and anteromedian portion of abdominal tergum VII. This last trait appears to be autapomorphic for the genus.
84
83
Solaenodolichopus Verhoeff, 1924 is redefined to include S. pruvoti (Brolemann, 1931), S. rubriventris Verhoeff, 1928, S. sulcatus (Verhoeff, 1928), S. teres (Verhoeff, 1924), S. vittatus (Verhoeff, 1924) and S. walesius Verhoeff, 1928, each of which is redescribed. Lectotypes are designated for S. sulcatus, S. teres, S. vittatus and S. walesius. Parwalesoma Verhoeff, 1937 is synonymised with Solaenodolichopus and S. vittatus dorsalis (Verhoeff, 1924) with S. vittatus vittatus (Verhoeff, 1924).
82
Tapinesthis inermis Simon, 1882, the only species in the genus, is widely distributed in western Europe. This redescription provides the first information on the ultrastructure of the species using SEM. The morphology of the spinnerets, tarsal claws and tarsal organs, and the internal structure of the female genitalia and the male palp are described and illustrated in detail. The combination of these structures is very similar to those encountered in some dysderoid spiders and supports the basal placement of Tapinesthis among Oonopinae. The phylogenetic relationships of the species are discussed. The only female among the three syntypes is designated as the lectotype.
81
This paper summarizes current knowledge about Central African pholcids. Central Africa is here defined as the area between 10°N and 7°S and between 6°E and 18°E, including mainly the Lower Guinean subregion of the Guineo-Congolian center of endemism. This includes all of Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, most of Cameroon and Congo Republic, and parts of the neighboring countries. An annotated list of the 14 genera and 79 species recorded from this area is given, together with distribution maps and an identification key to genera. Seven species are newly described: Anansus kamwai sp. nov., Leptopholcus gabonicus sp. nov., Ninetis faro sp. nov., Pholcus punu sp. nov., P. rawiriae sp. nov., Spermophora abibae sp. nov., and S. awalai sp. nov. Additional new records are given for 16 previously described species, including 17 new country records. Distribution and diversity patterns are compared with data on West and East Africa. While West Africa contains a similar set of genera it is significantly less diverse than Central Africa. East Africa is taxonomically more distinct. It has similar levels of diversity as Central Africa, but appears to be less undersampled.
80
Among the 125 currently recognized species of the panoceanic genus Leucothoe, L. antarctica was described in 1888 from the Antarctic seas, but was soon synonymized with the so-called cosmopolitan Leucothoe spinicarpa Abildgaard, which was cited from the Southern Ocean about 70 times since this first record. After erecting a new Antarctic species again only in 1983, “morphological variants” were observed and discussed. In this paper, we revalidate the first defined Antarctic species (Leucothoe antarctica), redescribe the second one (L. orkneyi), describe 5 new Southern Ocean species (L. campbelli sp. nov., L. longimembris sp. nov., L. macquariae sp. nov., L. merletta sp. nov. and L. weddellensis sp. nov.) and provide a key to all Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species.
79
Four taxa belonging to the complex of species around Achnanthidium minutissimum were found during the ongoing taxonomic revision of the Antarctic freshwater and limno-terrestrial diatom flora. Two taxa were previously described as Achnanthidium lailae and A. sieminskae. Two others were formerly identified as A. minutissimum but detailed light and scanning electron microscopical observations revealed sufficient morphological differences compared to the type of A. minutissimum, to justify their separation and description as new taxa: Achnanthidium indistinctum and A. maritimo-antarcticum. The morphology and ecology of all four taxa are discussed comparing the species with morphologically similar taxa. The biogeographical consequences of the splitting of the former A. minutissimum complex in the Antarctic Region are discussed.
78
The genus Casmaria H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (family Cassidae) is widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific and has been documented from some Atlantic localities as well. Two Casmaria species, C. erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) and C. ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791), are common in Indo-Pacific shallow-water sandy bottom communities and are characterized by high morphological variability; both species encompass multiple, often sympatric forms of uncertain status. In the present study we carry out a phylogenetic analysis of some Philippine Casmaria morphs and demonstrate that one of the distinctive morphs earlier assigned to Casmaria ponderosa is in fact a different species, which we describe as Casmaria boblehmani sp. nov. The smooth form of Casmaria ponderosa, C. ponderosa ponderosa, and the solid nodulose form, widely called “form nodulosa” despite being strikingly different in shell morphology, are shown to be conspecific. Studied specimens of these two morphs even from different localities share the same haplotype of the CO1 gene. In light of these new data on the morphological variability of Casmaria species, we discuss criteria of species delimitation in the genus Casmaria and possible affinities of Casmaria boblehmani sp. nov. within the genus.
77
76
A revision of the genus Asterostegus Mortensen, 1933 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalidae) is based on seven specimens, including the holotype of Asterostegus maini McKnight, 2003. A new species, Asterostegus sabineae sp. nov., is described from off Reunion Island and two other species, A. tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 and A. maini, are redescribed. A tabular key to the three species of the genus Asterostegus is provided. Some terminology of the taxonomy of euryalid ophiuroids is revised.
75
The types of nominal species of Diapriinae in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, are catalogued. Lectotypes are designated for the following taxa: Diapria peraffinis Ashmead, 1896; D. smithii Ashmead, 1896; Galesus bipunctatus Ashmead,1894; G. (G.) foersteri var. nigricornis Kieffer, 1911; G. sexpunctatus Ashmead, 1893; G. walkeri Kieffer, 1907; Idiotypa nigriceps Kieffer, 1909; I. nigriceps Kieffer, 1911; I. pallida Ashmead, 1893; I. pallida Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894; Paramesius angustipennis Kieffer, 1911; P. cameroni Kieffer, 1911; Phaenopria cameroni Kieffer, 1911; P. halterata Kieffer, 1911; P. magniclavata Ashmead, 1896; Tropidopsis clavata Ashmead, 1893; T. clavata Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894. New combinations are proposed: Aneuropria bifurcata comb. nov. for Mantara bifurcata Dodd, 1920; Basalys quadridens comb. nov. for Microgalesus quadridens Kieffer, 1912; Coptera cratocerus comb. nov. for Galesus cratocerus Cameron, 1912; Coptera sexpunctata comb. nov. for Galesus sexpunctatus Ashmead, 1893; Doliopria magniclavata comb. nov. for Phaenopria magniclavata Ashmead, 1896; Spilomicrus aterrimus comb. nov. for Hoplopria aterrima Dodd,
1920; Spilomicrus campbellanus comb. nov. for Antarctopria campbellana Yoshimoto, 1964; Spilomicrus coelopae comb. nov. for Antarctopria coelopae Early, 1978; Spilomicrus diomedeae comb. nov. for Antarctopria diomedeae Early, 1978; Spilomicrus helosciomyzae comb. nov. for Malvina helosciomyzae Early & Horning, 1978; Spilomicrus insulae comb. nov. for Malvina insulae Early, 1980; Spilomicrus latigaster comb. nov. for Antarctopria latigaster Brues in Tillyard, 1920; Spilomicrus punctatus comb. nov. for Malvina punctata Cameron, 1889; Spilomicrus rekohua comb. nov. for Antarctopria rekohua Early, 1978; Trichopria bouceki comb. nov. for Oxypria bouceki Masner, 1959; Trichopria nigriceps comb. nov. for Tropidopria nigriceps Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894; Trichopria nigriceps comb. nov. for Xyalopria nigriceps Kieffer, 1907; Trichopria spinosiceps comb. nov. for Acidopria spinosiceps Dodd, 1920; Trichopria walkeri comb. nov. for Diapria walkeri Dalla Torre, 1890. New replacement names are proposed: Coptera mosselensis nom. nov. for C. nigricornis Nixon, 1930 preocc.; Coptera pijiguaorum nom. nov. for C. sexpunctata Montilla & García, 2008 preocc.; Spilomicrus kozlovi nom. nov. for S. punctatus Kozlov, 1978 preocc.; Trichopria fluminis nom. nov. for T. nigriceps (Kieffer, 1907) preocc.; T. thermarum nom. nov. for T. nigriceps (Kieffer, 1913) preocc. New specific synonyms are proposed: Basalys cursitans (Kieffer, 1911) = B. pedisequa (Kieffer, 1911) syn. nov. (the former removed from synonymy with B. parvus Thomson, 1858); B. iphicla Nixon, 1980 = B. macroptera (Kieffer, 1911) syn. nov.; Coptera bipunctata (Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894) = C. sexpunctata (Ashmead, 1893) syn. nov.; Idiotypa nigriceps Kieffer, 1911 = I. nigriceps Kieffer, 1909 syn. nov.; I. pallida Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894 = I. pallida Ashmead, 1893 syn. nov.; Psilus nigricornis (Kieffer, 1911) = P. fuscipennis (Curtis, 1831) syn. nov.; P. walkeri (Kieffer, 1907) = P. fuscipennis (Curtis, 1831) syn. nov.; T. bouceki (Masner, 1959) = T. conotoma (Kieffer, 1911) syn. nov.; Trichopria halterata (Kieffer, 1911) = T. halterata (Kieffer, 1909) syn. nov. New generic synonyms are proposed: Antarctopria Brues in Tillyard, 1920 = Spilomicrus Westwood, 1832 syn. nov.; Malvina Cameron, 1889 = Spilomicrus Westwood, 1832 syn. nov.; Mantara Dodd, 1920 = Aneuropria Kieffer, 1905 syn. nov.; Microgalesus Kieffer, 1912 = Basalys Westwood, 1833 syn. nov.; Xyalopria Kieffer, 1907 = Trichopria Ashmead, 1893 syn. nov. (Xyalopria is removed from synonymy with Megaplastopria Ashmead, 1903). A brief account of some aspects of the history of these types is given.
74
Three fossil leafhopper inclusions from Eocene Baltic amber, representing three new extinct genera and species, are described and illustrated. Eomegophthalmus lithuaniensis gen. et sp. nov. is tentatively placed in Megophthalminae, although it may represent the stem group from which Megophthalminae, Ulopinae, and Membracidae arose. Xestocephalites balticus gen. et sp. nov. and Brevaphrodella nigra gen. et sp. nov. are placed in Aphrodinae: Xestocephalini based on the structure of the head, leg chaetotaxy, and male genital capsule. These new genera and species represent the oldest known representatives of their respective subfamilies and the latter is the oldest known brachypterous adult leafhopper.
73
The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences. It comprises a total of 1191 species, distributed among 3 superclasses, 4 classes, 42 orders, 212 families and 617 genera. If considering only the EEZ and present territorial waters, this list represents an increase of 230 species (27.8%) and of 238 species (29.0%), when compared to the information available in FishBase (2012) and in the last checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Portugal (1993), respectively. The order Perciformes shows the highest diversity, with 54 families, 162 genera and 299 species. Stomiidae (80 species), Myctophidae (71 species) and Macrouridae (37 species) are the richest families. From the listed species, 734 are present off mainland Portugal, 857 off the Azores and 766 off Madeira. Within the limits of the examined area, three species are reported for the first time in mainland Portugal and twenty-nine records are identified as doubtful. A total of 133 species have been recorded from the extended Portuguese continental shelf (2 off mainland Portugal, 117 off the Azores and 14 off Madeira), two of which are common to the Azores and Madeira extensions. Biogeographically, the Atlantic group is the most important (548 species – 46.01%), followed by the Lusitanian group (256 species – 21.49%), the African group (71 species – 5.96%), the Boreal group (34 species – 2.85%), the Mediterranean group (31 species – 2.60%), the Macaronesian group (21 species – 1.76%), the Atlantic/African group (19 species – 1.60%) and the Mediterranean/African and the Arctic groups, each with only 1 species (0.08%). Regarding the preferences for vertical habitat, the demersal fishes are the most important group (305 species – 25.61%), followed by the mesopelagic group (228 species – 19.14%), the bathypelagic group (164 species – 13.77%), the benthopelagic group (147 species – 12.34%), the bathydemersal group (115 species – 9.66%), the reef-associated group (88 species – 7.39%), the pelagic group (74 species – 6.21%), the epipelagic group (58 species – 4.87%) and 1 species (0.08%) of the benthic group. The oceanic habitat is the best represented group comprising 446 species (37.45%), followed by the shelf group (199 species – 16.71%), the slope group (164 species – 13.77%), the inner shelf group (89 species – 7.47%), the coastal group (70 species – 5.88%), the outer shelf group (29 species – 2.43%) and the oceanic/shelf group (7 species – 0.59%).
72
For the first time Amphipoda have been discovered living in Bryozoa. A new genus and species of the amphipod family Chevaliidae, Bryoconversor tutus gen. et sp. nov. is described from New Zealand at depths of 530–1500 m. The species lives in an inquiline relationship with the cheilostome bryozoan Onchoporoides moseleyi (Calwelliidae), inhabiting an abfrontal basal coelom of the bryozoan beneath the membranous ectocyst (cuticularized epithelium) that conceals and protects the amphipods. The colony is strengthened along all edges by a unique intracoelomic rod of calcium carbonate that is formed within the marginal kenozooids of the colony. The potential benefits and costs to the bryozoan are discussed.
71
Eryphanis zolvizora (Hewitson, 1877) is a rare Andean endemic butterfly, described from Bolivia, which has been historically classified either as a unique species, or as part of a group of three allopatric species from Bolivia, Ecuador and Colombia. In this paper, the group is revised using more than 200 specimens housed in 35 European and North and South American public and private collections. For the first time, the presence of the group in Western Ecuador and Venezuela is confirmed, and important data on Peruvian populations are provided. In some populations, individual variations of genitalia are observed. Nevertheless, male genitalia allow the distinction of four geographical groups. Considering also habitus characters, eight taxa are distinguished and considered to be subspecies, of which five are new: Eryphanis zolvizora inca ssp. nov., Eryphanis zolvizora chachapoya ssp. nov., Eryphanis zolvizora casagrande ssp. nov., Eryphanis zolvizora reyi ssp. nov., and Eryphanis zolvizora isabelae ssp. nov. In the present state of knowledge, these taxa are allopatric, except for a possible geographic overlap in central Peru, where data are insufficient to prove sympatry. The “several subspecies vs. several species” dilemma is discussed, considering its impact for conservation action and policies.
70
A new genus of the millipede tribe Brachyiulini (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae) from the Aegean region
(2013)
A new genus of the julid tribe Brachyiulini, Enghophyllum gen. nov., is described, comprising two species from Greece. The type-species, E. naxium (Verhoeff, 1901) comb. nov. (ex Megaphyllum Verhoeff, 1894), appears to be rather widespread in the Aegean: it is known from Antiparos Island and Naxos Island (the type locality), both in the Cyclades, as well as East Mavri Islet, Dodecanese Archipelago (new record). The vulva of E. naxium is described for the first time. In addition, E. sifnium gen. et sp. nov. is described based on a single adult male from Sifnos Island, Cyclades. The new genus is distinct from other genera of the Brachyiulini mainly by its peculiar gonopod structure, apparently disjunct and at least mostly apomorphous: (1) promeres broad, shield-like, in situ protruding mostly posteriad, completely covering the opisthomeres and gonopodal sinus; (2) transverse muscles and coxal apodemes of promere fully reduced; (3) opisthomere with three differentiated processes, i.e., lateral, basal posterior and apical posterior; (4) solenomere rather simple, tubular. The evolution and biogeography of the new genus are briefly discussed, both suggesting its profoundly long isolation in the Aegean region from the contribal genera in the adjacent Balkans and Anatolia.
69
An overview of Nepenthes in the Philippines is presented. Four new species, Nepenthes extincta sp. nov., N. kitanglad sp. nov., N. kurata sp. nov. and N. leyte sp. nov. are described and illustrated from the Philippines and placed in the Nepenthes alata group. An updated circumscription and key to the species of the group is provided. Delimitation and comparison with the Regiae group is given. All four of the newly described species are assessed as threatened using the International Union for the Conservation of Nature 2012 standard, and one, N. extincta sp. nov. is considered likely to be already extinct due to open-cast mining. Logging and conversion of forest habitat are thought to be the main threats to the other three species.
68
The taxonomy of the genus Ophiocoma was last revised by Devaney in 1970. Recent discoveries of new species and re-instatement of previously synonymized names suggest that we still do not fully understand the species limits in this genus. A recent biodiversity survey of the SW Indian Ocean shallow reefs strongly suggested an unrecognised species in the genus, closely related to O. brevipes/O. dentata. This study examined both the molecular phylogenetic relationships and the morphological characteristics of several species in the genus in order to characterise the unrecognised species. The focal species clusters with O. brevipes, O. dentata, O. doederleini within a monophyletic clade supported by molecular data for the first time. The name Breviturma subgen. nov. is proposed for this clade, previously known as brevipes group. Type material of nominal species that have been synonymized with O. dentata was examined and re-assessed. Ophiocoma marmorata proved not conspecific with O. dentata. A rarely used character, dorsal disc granule density, was tested and showed differences between the examined species at similar sizes. In combination with colour pattern, disc granule density, arm spine sequence and maximum disc size, the new species was delimited morphologically and described as Ophiocoma krohi sp. nov.
67
The osteology of Rhinopycnodus gabriellae gen. and sp. nov., a pycnodontiform fish from the marine Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Lebanon, is studied in detail. This new fossil genus belongs to the family Pycnodontidae, as shown by the presence of a posterior brush-like process on its parietal. Its long and broad premaxilla, bearing one short and very broad tooth is the principal autapomorphy of this fish. Within the phylogeny of Pycnodontidae, Rhinopycnodus occupies an intermediate position between Ocloedus and Tepexichthys.
66
The ostracod genus Bennelongia De Deckker & McKenzie, 1981 is endemic to Australia and New Zealand. Extensive sampling in Western Australia (WA) revealed a high specific and largely undescribed diversity. Here, we describe seven new species belonging to the B. barangaroo lineage: B. timmsi sp. nov., B. gnamma sp. nov., B. hirsuta sp. nov., B. ivanae sp. nov., B. mcraeae sp. nov., B. scanloni sp. nov. and B. calei sp. nov., and confirm the presence of an additional species, B. dedeckkeri, in WA. For five of these eight species, we could construct molecular phylogenies and parsimonious networks based on COI sequences. We also tested for cryptic diversity and specific status of clusters with a statistical method based on the evolutionary genetic species concept, namely Birky’s 4 theta rule. The analyses support the existence of these five species and a further three cryptic species in the WA B. barangaroo lineage. The molecular evidence was particularly relevant because most species described herein have very similar morphologies and can be distinguished from each other only by the shape, size and position of the antero-ventral lapel on the right valve, and, in sexual populations, by the small differences in shape of the hemipenes and the prehensile palps in males. Four species of the WA B. barangaroo lineage occur in small temporary rock pools (gnammas) on rocky outcrops. The other four species are mainly found in soft bottomed seasonal water bodies. One of the latter species, B. scanloni sp. nov., occurs in both claypans and deeper rock pools (pit gnammas). All species, except for B. dedeckkeri, originally described from Queensland, have quite clearly delimited distributions in WA. With the seven new species described here, the genus Bennelongia now comprises 25 nominal species but several more await formal description.
65
64
63
Two new genera and five new species of Selachinematidae are described from the New Zealand upper continental slope (350-1240 m depth). Synonchiella rotundicauda sp. nov. is characterised by cephalic setae 0.25 cbd long, mandibles each with two pairs of hooks and two wing-like projections laterally, eight cup-shaped pre-cloacal supplements and short rounded tail. Pseudocheironchus gen. nov. is similar to Cheironchus, but differs from the latter in having a cuticle without lateral differentiation, cephalic setae only slightly longer than the outer labial sensillae, and a posterior buccal cavity with three equal mandibles. Pseudocheironchus ingluviosus gen. et sp. nov. is characterised by mandibles with eight blunt teeth, multispiral amphideal fovea with five turns, and a short rounded tail. Males of this new species with 17-19 cup-shaped pre-cloacal supplements. Males of the genus Cobbionema are described for the first time; C. trigamma sp. nov. is characterised by four long cephalic setae and six smaller outer labial setae in one circle, six rhabdions surrounding the anterior buccal cavity, each with two pairs of pointed projections at their posterior extremities, posterior buccal cavity widening posteriorly, with three pairs of rhabdions fused posteriorly and widening anteriorly, males with two testes pointing anteriorly and with reflexed posterior testis, and no pre-cloacal supplements. Gammanema agglutinans sp. nov. is characterised by a short, stout body often covered in adhering mucus and detritus, cuticle with minute spines, leaf-shaped somatic setae with ducts, sexual dimorphism in the shape of the amphideal fovea (loop-shaped in males and spiral in females), posterior buccal cavity with three pairs of broad, column-shaped rhabdions fused anteriorly, intestine cells with orange-brown granules, and small tubular pre-cloacal supplements. Bendiella gen. nov. is most similar to Halichoanolaimus, but differs from the latter, and all other genera of the family Selachinematidae, in having a cuticle with lateral differentiation consisting of longitudinal rows of larger dots, and from all other genera of the Choniolaiminae in lacking pre-cloacal supplements. Bendiella thalassa gen. et sp. nov. is characterised by amphideal fovea with 5.25 turns, anterior buccal cavity with twelve rhabdions, each with a pair of pointed projections at posterior extremity, posterior buccal cavity with three Y-shaped pairs of slender rhabdions fused from two thirds of distance from anterior ends, and conico-cylindrical tail.
62
New Zealand species of Iphimediidae, Amphipoda, are revised. Based on new material from the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand, two new species are described in detail: Labriphimedia meikae sp. nov. and Labriphimedia martinae sp. nov. A key to the six species belonging to three genera of New Zealand Iphimediidae is provided.
61
A new status (as subgenera of Diostracus Loew, 1861) for Sphyrotarsus Mik, 1874, Lagodechia Negrobov & Tsurikov, 1996 and Ozmena Özdikmen, 2010 stat. nov. is proposed. A new species, Diostracus (Sphyrotarsus) kustovi sp. nov., is described from the Russian Caucasus. The following recombinations (comb. nov.) are also proposed: Diostracus (Sphyrotarsus) argyrostomus (Mik, 1874); D. (S.) caucasicus (Negrobov, 1965); D. (S.) hervebazini (Parent, 1914); D. (S.) hessei (Parent, 1914); D. (S.) hygrophilus (Becker, 1891); D. (S.) leucostomus (Loew, 1861); D. (S.) parenti (Hesse, 1933); D. (Lagodechia) spinulifer Negrobov & Tsurikov, 1988; and D. (Ozmena) stackelbergi (Negrobov, 1965). A key to ten Diostracus species inhabiting the West Palaearctic Region is provided.
60
Two new colourful species of direct-developing frogs of the genus Pristimantis are described from the summit of two isolated tepuis (sandstone table mountains) in the Eastern Pantepui District of the Guiana Shield highlands. Pristimantis jamescameroni sp. nov. is described from the summit of Aprada-tepui from 2557-2571 m elevation, and P. imthurni sp. nov. is described from the summit of Ptaritepui at 2471 m elevation. Both species share the absence of a differentiated tympanic membrane and external tympanic annulus (but presence of tiny pharyngeal ostia), the presence of nuptial pads in males, and the presence of lateral fringes on fingers and toes, a combination of characters that immediately distinguishes them from all other known Pantepui congeners. The two new species are morphologically similar to each other and are phylogenetically closely related, but they can be distinguished based on colour pattern and morphological characters such as head proportions, dorsal skin texture, and condition of the supratympanic fold. The IUCN conservation status of the new species is considered as Endangered (EN) owing to their apparent very restricted ranges. The number of described Pristimantis species occurring exclusively on tepui (and faunistically related granitic mountains) summits and upper slopes now reaches eleven.
59
This paper summarizes current knowledge about West African pholcids. West Africa is here defined as the area south of 17°N and west of 5°E, including mainly the Upper Guinean subregion of the Guineo-Congolian center of endemism. This includes all of Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and Benin. An annotated list of the 14 genera and 38 species recorded from this area is given, together with distribution maps and an identification key to genera. Five species are newly described: Anansus atewa sp. nov., Artema bunkpurugu sp. nov., Leptopholcus kintampo sp. nov., Spermophora akwamu sp. nov., and S. ziama sp. nov. The female of Quamtana kitahurira is newly described. Additional new records are given for 16 previously described species, including 33 new country records. Distribution patterns of West African pholcids are discussed, as well as possible explanations for relatively low West African pholcid species diversity as compared to Central and East Africa.
58
After our taxonomic revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837, and the description of Oothecoides Kortenhaus & Wagner, 2011 and Ootibia Kortenhaus & Wagner, 2012, it became clear that a further four galerucine species, closely related to the above named taxa, form a distinct monophyletic group, that constitutes a new genus, Oosagitta gen. nov. with O. anningae sp. nov., O. geescheae sp. nov., O. melanopicta sp. nov. and O. thomasi sp. nov.. Exosoma angolensis Laboissière, 1939, the type species of the new genus, and Ergana minuta Laboissière, 1937 are newly transferred to Oosagitta gen. nov. All species of Oosagitta gen. nov. are characterized by a broad body and pronotum, a more or less convex dorsum and short legs, and as such are most similar to the other above named genera. The antennae of Oosagitta gen. nov. are distinctly longer than those of Ootheca, Oothecoides and Ootibia. Genital structures of the males allow a reliable identifi cation of the genus. (Re-) descriptions are given for all species, including semi-schematic illustrations depicting the habitus outline, shape of the basal antennomeres and the median lobe. Photographs of the name-bearing types and distribution maps are provided.
57
The osteology of Gladiopycnodus karami gen. et sp. nov., of Monocerichthys scheuchzeri gen. et sp. nov. and of Rostropycnodus gayeti gen. et sp. nov., three new fossil fishes from the marine Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Lebanon, is studied in detail. Some of their cranial characters and the presence of a postcoelomic bone clearly refer these fishes to the order Pycnodontiformes. However, they differ from all other described Pycnodontiformes by two important characters. Their snout is elongated as a rostrum, formed by the enlarged prefrontal and the toothless premaxilla, with this premaxilla sutured by its upper margin to the lower margin of the prefrontal. Their pectoral fin is replaced by a strong spine articulated with the cleithrum. These two apomorphies justify the erection of a new family, the Gladiopycnodontidae. The skull of Monocerichthys scheuchzeri sp. nov. does not differ greatly from a classical pycnodontiform skull and this species seems to be the more primitive member of this new family. Gladiopycnodus karami gen. et sp. nov. and Rostropycnodus gayeti gen. et sp. nov. are much more specialized. They share some apomorphies not present in Monocerichthys scheuchzeri gen. et sp. nov., i. e., an extremely long rostrum and an elongated first anal pterygiophore that sustains with the postcoelomic bone a strong and long anal spine. Gladiopycnodontidae fam. nov. and Coccodontidae share a series of apomorphies that justify the erection of a new superfamily, Coccodontoidea, grouping these two families.
56
A new species, Memecylon pseudomegacarpum (Melastomataceae), is described from southern Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. This taxon was previously known under the misapplied name M. megacarpum, which is now considered endemic to Borneo. Memecylon pseudomegacarpum sp. nov. differs from M. megacarpum in having smaller leaves (8–)10.5–17(–22.5) cm rather than (10–)17–28(–35) cm long, with an elliptic lamina (not lanceolate) with a raised mid-rib (not sunken) and a marginal vein which is 2–4 mm from the margin (not 5–12 mm). Both species have similar flowers and share large (c. 15 mm diameter) globose fruits.
55
Two new species of the family Trefusiidae, viz., Trefusia piperata sp. nov. and Trefusialaimus idrisi sp. nov., are described from the crest of the Chatham Rise, Southwest Pacific Ocean (350 m water depth). The present study provides the first species records for this family in the region. Trefusia and Trefusialaimus comprise twenty and three valid species, respectively. A key to males of Trefusia is provided.
54
The molecular phylogeny of Miliusa (Annonaceae) is reconstructed, with 27 (of ca. 50) species included, using a combination of seven plastid markers (rbcL exon, trnL intron, trnL-F spacer, matK exon, ndhF exon, psbA-trnH spacer, and ycf1 exon) constituting ca. 7 kb. In addition, two new species of Miliusa are described from the Malesian area: M. butonensis sp. nov. from Buton Island, Indonesia and M. viridifl ora sp. nov. from Papua New Guinea. The former is included in the molecular phylogenetic analysis. The reconstructed phylogeny corresponds well to the informal morphological grouping proposed earlier. A revised key to 13 Austro-Malesian species of Miliusa is provided.
53
Type material of the species of Alloxysta described by Cameron and Fergusson and deposited in the Natural History Museum of London has been revised. Seven species are considered valid: Alloxysta abdera Fergusson, 1986, A. basimacula (Cameron, 1886), A. crassa (Cameron, 1889), A. mullensis (Cameron, 1883), A. piceomaculata (Cameron, 1883), A. pleuralis (Cameron, 1879) and A. semiaperta Fergusson, 1986. A. basimacula, A. crassa, A. maculicollis (Cameron, 1886), A. perplexa (Cameron, 1889) and A. piceomaculata are here removed from synonymy with A. macrophadna (Hartig, 1841). A. rufi ceps (Cameron, 1883) is removed from synonymy with A. victrix (Westwood, 1833). A. caledonica (Cameron, 1886) and A. perplexa are here synonymized with A. basimacula. A. maculicollis, A. ruficeps and A. ruficollis (Cameron, 1883) are here synonymized with A. castanea (Hartig, 1841). A. ancylocera (Cameron, 1886) was correctly synonymized with A. fuscicornis (Hartig, 1841), A. curvicornis (Cameron, 1883) was correctly synonymized with A. victrix and A. filicornis (Cameron, 1889) was correctly synonymized with A. macrophadna. Complete redescriptions and illustrations are given for valid species. A key for all the Alloxysta species found so far in Great Britain is given.
52
Several populations of four known species of the genus Pungentus (P. clavatus, P. engadinensis, P. marietani and P. silvestris), collected in the wild and in cultivated soils from the Iberian Peninsula, are studied. Detailed redescriptions and morphometrics are presented for each species. Illustrations are provided, including line drawings, light microscopy pictures of the four species as well as scanning electron microscopy observations of P. engadinensis. The Iberian populations are compared to type and other known populations, and new data are given that provide a better characterization of these taxa. Pungentus engadinensis is the most widely distributed species in the Iberian Peninsula.
51
We revise the species-level taxonomy of the Crematogaster (Crematogaster) degeerispecies-assemblage, a group of related ants occuring in Madagascar and the wider Malagasy region, and further provide an identification key to all species-groups of the genus Crematogaster in this region. Within the C. degeeri-assemblage, we recognize twelve species based upon morphological data from worker, queen and male ants, as well as genetic data from the barcode region of cytochrome oxidase I. Seven new species are described: Crematogaster alafara Blaimer sp. nov., C. bara Blaimer sp. nov., C. mafybe Blaimer sp. nov., C.maina Blaimer sp. nov., C. malahelo Blaimer sp. nov., C. masokely Blaimer sp. nov., C. ramamy Blaimer sp. nov. Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859 (stat. rev.) and C. dentata Dalla Torre, 1893 (stat. nov.) are raised to species level, and the following new synonymies are proposed: Crematogaster degeeri lunaris Santschi, 1928 as a synonym of C. degeeri Forel, 1886; Crematogaster sewelli improba Forel, 1907 and C. sewelli mauritiana Forel, 1907 as synonyms of C. dentata Dalla Torre, 1893, and C. pacifi ca Santschi, 1919 as a synonym of C. lobata Emery, 1895. Species descriptions, images, and distribution maps and identification keys based on worker ants, as well as on queen ants where available, are presented for all twelve species. In addition, we present a molecular gene tree for cytochrome oxidase I and summarize levels of sequence divergence within and between species of the C. degeeri-species-assemblage. Our findings are discussed in the light of previous work on Malagasy Crematogaster ants.
50
The species richness of the frugivorous fruit fly fauna of western African (in particular of Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria) is discussed. The diversity is compared at a national level and between the ecoregions within the national boundaries of the study area. A new species, Dacus goergeni sp. nov. is described and additional taxonomic notes are presented.
49
Pristomerus species of Madagascar are revised. We report 15 species, of which 12 are newly described: P. guinness sp. nov., P. hansoni sp. nov., P. kelikely sp. nov., P. keyka sp. nov., P. moramora sp. nov., P. melissa sp. nov., P. patator sp. nov., P. ranomafana sp. nov., P. roberti sp. nov., P. vahaza sp. nov., P. veloma sp. nov. and P. yago sp. nov. Pristomerus albescens (Morley) and P. cunctator Tosquinet are newly recorded from Madagascar and new host and/or distribution records are provided for this species. A dichotomous key to all species is provided. The zoogeographical relation of the Malagasy fauna of Pristomerus with respect to mainland Africa is discussed: only three of the 15 species are reported to occur outside of Madagascar, suggesting a high level of endemism in Madagascar which was not unexpected.
48
Hypotheses on the age and possible antiquity of the modern deep-sea fauna put forward to date almost all agree on the assumption that the deep-sea fauna is largely the result of colonisation from shallow-water environments. Here, the fossil record of the Ophiacanthidae, a modern deep-sea brittle star family with extensive fossil occurrences at shelf depths, is systematically traced against a calibrated phylogeny. Several lines of evidence suggest that the Ophiacanthidae originated and greatly diversified in the deep sea, with most extant clades having diverged by the end of the Triassic at the latest. During the Jurassic, the family temporarily invaded shelf environments, attaining relative abundances and diversities comparable to those found in coeval and modern deep-sea settings, and gradually declined in abundance subsequently, to become largely restricted to the deep-sea again. The pattern of temporary expansion to shelf environments suggested here underpins the potential of deep-sea environments to contribute significantly to shallow-water biodiversity; an aspect that has mostly been neglected so far. It is speculated that the large-scale ophiacanthid invasion of shelf environments around the Triassic- Jurassic boundary was initiated by a change from thermohaline to halothermal circulation, attenuating the thermal stratifi cation of the water column and thus providing opportunities for enhanced vertical migration of marine taxa.
47
Cyrioctea (Araneae, Zodariidae) in Africa: temperate Gondwanaland relict, recent radiation, or both?
(2013)
Two new species of the zodariid genus Cyrioctea Simon, 1889 are described: C. sawadee sp. nov. and C. lotzi sp. nov., both only known from males. The genus now contains seven Afrotropical species and this abundance is discussed in the context of its basal situation in the family and its apparent temperate Gondwanaland distribution, which implies a much greater age of the Zodariidae than presently accepted. Unlike most taxa with a temperate Gondwana distribution, Cyrioctea boasts a high number of species with small distribution areas. This points in the direction of a recent radiation initiated after a long period of stasis.
46
The species of the Eastern Mediterranean genus Dichorrhinus Desbrochers, 1875 are reviewed. D. geiseri sp. nov. is described from Samos Island (Greece) and Western Turkey, and D. alziari sp. nov. is described from Cyprus. Dichorrhinus korbi Schilsky, 1911 is redescribed. An illustrated key to the species of Dichorrhinus is provided, and new records are presented.
45
The classification of the largest subfamily of leafhoppers, Deltocephalinae, including 38 tribes, 923 genera, and 6683 valid species, is reviewed and revised. An updated phylogeny of the subfamily based on molecular (28S, Histone H3) and morphological data and an expanded taxon sample (37 taxa not included in previous analyses) is presented. Based on the results of these analyses and on the morphological examination of many representatives of the subfamily, the classification of the tribes and subtribes of Deltocephalinae is revised. Complete morphological descriptions, illustrations, lists of the included genera, and notes on their distribution, ecology, and important vector species are provided for the 38 recognized tribes and 18 subtribes. A dichotomous key to the tribes is provided. All names in the taxonomic treatments are hyperlinked to online resources for individual taxa which are supported by a comprehensive database for Deltocephalinae compiled using the taxonomic database software package 3I. The online functionality includes an interactive key to tribes and subtribes and advanced database searching options. Each taxon (subspecies through subfamily) has a unique taxon webpage providing nomenclatural information, lists of included taxa, an automated description (if available), images (if available), distributional information, bibliographic references and links to outside resources. Some observations and trends regarding the history of taxonomic descriptions in Deltocephalinae are reported. Four new tribes are described: Bahitini tribe nov. (25 genera), Bonsapeiini tribe nov. (21 genera), Phlepsiini tribe nov. (4 genera), and Vartini tribe nov. (7 genera). The circumscription and morphological characterization of Scaphoideini Oman, 1943 (61 genera) is substantially revised. Eleven new species are described: Acostemma stilleri sp. nov., Arrugada linnavuorii sp. nov., Drabescus zhangi sp. nov., Parabolopona webbi sp. nov., Goniagnathus emeljanovi sp. nov., Hecalus hamiltoni sp. nov., Scaphoideus omani sp. nov., Dwightla delongi sp. nov., Abimwa knighti sp. nov., Gannia viraktamathi sp. nov., and Doratulina dmitrievi sp. nov. Some family-group level taxonomic changes are made: Platymetopiini Haupt, 1929, Anoterostemmini Haupt, 1929, and Allygidiina Dmitriev, 2006 are synonymized with Athysanini Van Duzee, 1892, syn. nov.; Procepitini Dmitriev, 2002 is synonymized with Cicadulini Van Duzee, 1892, syn. nov.; Listrophorini Boulard, 1971 is synonymized with Chiasmini Distant, 1908, syn. nov.; Adamini Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983, Dwightlini McKamey, 2003, and Ianeirini Linnavuori, 1978 are synonymized with Selenocephalini Fieber, 1872 syn.nov., and all three are now recognized as valid subtribes in their parent tribe. New placements of many genera to tribe and subtribe are made, and these are described in individual taxon treatments.
44
Based on newly designated type material, four poorly known NE Atlantic cheilostome bryozoan species are redescribed and imaged: Cellaria harmelini d’Hondt from the northern Bay of Biscay, Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters) from Madeira, Myriapora bugei d’Hondt from the Azores, and Characodoma strangulatum, occurring from Mauritania to southern Portugal. Moreover, Notoplites saojorgensis sp. nov. from the Azores, formerly reported as Notoplites marsupiatus (Jullien), is newly described. The genus Hippomenella Canu & Bassler is transferred from the lepraliomorph family Escharinidae Tilbrook to the umbonulomorph family Romancheinidae Jullien.
43
Two new species of Thomisidae are described (Mecaphesa reddelli sp. nov. and Tmarus galapagosensis sp. nov.). Of a third species, Mecaphesa inclusa (Banks, 1902), three colour variations are described. Tmarus specimens previously listed from the islands have always erroneously been called T. stolzmanni Keyserling, 1880. The Philodromidae are mentioned for the first time for the archipelago and are represented by two new species: Apollophanes fitzroyi sp. nov. and Apollophanes (?) lonesomegeorgei sp. nov.
42
We report the rediscovery of the Pied Butterfl y Bat, Glauconycteris superba Hayman, 1939, 40 years after this species was last recorded. The new specimen from Mbiye Island, Democratic Republic of the Congo, is compared with the type specimens of G. s. superba and G. superba sheila Hayman, 1947 and a specimen from Matonguiné, Ivory Coast. The variation in the striking colouration of the pelage as well as in morphometric data is considered to be individual rather than geographic variation and we tentatively regard G. s. sheila as a synonym of the nominate form. Despite the wide distribution of this species in the tropical forest zone of West and Central Africa, only four specimens from four localities are known to date, which might indicate very specific habitat preferences. Contemporary land cover information around historic collection sites shows degraded landscapes. Given the highly uncertain area of occupancy of this species, we suggest changing the status of G. superba in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species from “Least Concern” to “Data Defi cient”.
41
The late Katian, Late Ordovician Boda Limestone of Dalarna, Sweden contains a rich cephalopod assemblage. The assemblage consists of 61 species, in 31 genera, comprising almost all major Ordovician cephalopod orders. Most common and diverse are the Orthocerida. The Ascocerida are also remarkably common and diverse. The new ascocerid species, Redpathoceras bullatum sp. nov., R. depressum sp. nov., R. magnum sp. nov., and Probillingsites scandinavicum sp. nov., give reason to revise current hypotheses on the origin and evolution of this group. An ascocerid origin from barrandeoceratids or aspidoceratids is hypothesised. The absence of actinocerids in the Boda Limestone is notable, and is interpreted as an indication of relatively cool and/or deep depositional environments. The dominance of orthocerids is provisionally interpreted as evidence for nutrient-rich waters during the time of the deposition of the Boda Limestone. Additionally, the assemblage contains the new barrandeocerids Schuchertoceras fryi sp. nov., Siljanoceras varians gen. et sp. nov., Warburgoceras gen. nov. (for Cyrtoceras longitudinale Angelin in Angelin & Lindström, 1880), the new endocerid Cameroceras turrisoides sp. nov., the new oncocerid Cyrtorizoceras thorslundi sp. nov., and the new orthocerids Dawsonoceras stumburi sp. nov., Isorthoceras angelini sp. nov., I. curvilineatum sp. nov., Nathorstoceras adnatum gen. et sp. nov., N. kallholnense gen. et sp. nov., Palaeodawsonocerina? nicolletoides sp. nov., Pleurorthoceras osmundsbergense sp. nov., and Striatocycloceras isbergi sp. nov.
40
Cteniogaster, a new genus of small ground spiders is described from Kenya and Tanzania. It encompasses seven new species, three of which are known from both sexes: C. toxarchus sp. nov., the type species, C. conviva sp. nov. and C. hexomma sp. nov. Three species are known from females only: C. lampropus sp. nov., C. sangarawe sp. nov. and C. taxorchis sp. nov. and one only from males: C. nana sp. nov. The new genus can be recognised by the presence of a posterior ventral abdominal f eld of strong setae and anterior lateral spinnerets with enlarged piriform gland spigots in males. A cladistic analysis attributes the genus to Liocranidae, Cybaeodinae. The results of the analysis performed do not produce an unequivocal autapomorphy for Liocranidae, but provide a combination of non-homoplasious character changes that offers significant potential for recognising genera as Liocranidae. Moreover, robust apomorphies are determined within Liocranidae for the subfamilies Liocraninae and Cybaeodinae. Based on these fi ndings Toxoniella Warui & Jocqué, 2002 is transferred from Gallieniellidae to Liocranidae, Cybaeodinae. Jacaena Thorell, 1897, Plynnon Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 and Teutamus Thorell, 1890 are transferred to Corinnidae, Phrurolithinae and Montebello Hogg, 1914 to Gnaphosidae. Itatsina Kishida, 1930 is synonymised with Prochora Simon, 1886.
39
A taxonomic revision of the cichlid genus Astatoreochromis is presented. Eighteen meristic and 23 morphometric measurements were taken on 185 individuals, including type specimens. While fin counts separate populations from the Lake Victoria region (Astatoreochromis alluaudi) from those of the Rusizi and Malagarazi rivers in the Lake Tanganyika basin (A. vanderhorsti and A. straeleni respectively), clear differentiation was not detected between the latter two. Mann-Whitney U-tests on specimens of comparable size from the two Tanganyika populations revealed significant differences in specimens < 75 mm SL, mainly in pharyngeal jaw proportions, but also in some other measurements on the head and body. However, these differences were not detected in specimens > 75 mm SL and Astatoreochromis vanderhorsti is herein considered a junior synonym of A. straeleni. A redescription of the two valid species of Astatoreochromis, A. alluaudi and A.straeleni, is provided.
38
37
The genus Dadagulella gen. nov. is described to include 16 species of small, dentate, ovateacuminate Afrotropical snails. An identification key is provided and biogeography, anatomy and systematics are discussed. The type species is the Kenyan D. radius (Preston, 1910) comb. nov., whose name has informally been used for part of the group in the past. Substantial intraspecific variation occurs in three species: D. radius itself, D. browni (van Bruggen, 1969) comb. nov. and D. minuscula (Morelet, 1877) comb. nov. (= Ennea fi scheriana Morelet, 1881) (non Gulella minuscula Emberton & Pearce, 2000) . We recognise subspecies within each of these: D.radius radius (Preston, 1910) comb. nov., D. r. calva (Connolly, 1922) comb. et stat. nov., D. browni browni (van Bruggen, 1969) comb. nov., D. b. mafi ensis subsp. nov., D. b. semulikiensis subsp. nov., D. minuscula minuscula (Morelet, 1877) comb. nov., D. m. mahorana subsp. nov. Six new Tanzanian species are described: D. cresswelli sp. nov., D. delta sp. nov., D. ecclesiola sp. nov., D. frontierarum sp. nov., D. minareta sp. nov., and D. pembensis sp. nov. The genus includes seven other previously described species: D. cuspidata (Verdcourt, 1962) comb. nov.; D. rondoensis (Verdcourt, 1994) comb. nov.; D. conoidea (Verdcourt, 1996) comb. nov.; D. selene (van Bruggen & Van Goethem, 1999) comb. nov.; D. meredithae (van Bruggen, 2000) comb. nov.; D. nictitans (Rowson & Lange, 2007) comb. nov.; and D. delgada (Muratov, 2010) comb. nov.
36
Ostracods belonging to the genus Bennelongia differ much in valve morphology between adults and juveniles. Adult valves are asymmetrical, characterised by a beak-like feature in the anteroventral region of the left valve, and, with some notable exceptions, mostly have smooth or weaklyornamented valves. Juvenile specimens, on the other hand, have valves that are almost symmetrical, with no beak-like feature and are often heavily ornamented. We have examined the last 3 - 4 juvenile stages of 6 Bennelongia species from 5 different lineages, in order to decipher the types of external valve ornamentation and their recurrences during ontogeny and across lineages. It is clear that ornamentation is more prevalent at the early instar stages compared to the last 2 pre-adult stages, and especially when compared to the adult stage itself. We also examined the surprising presence of a calcified inner lamella with a prominent inner list in the pre-adult stages of Bennelongia species, that is usually absent in juveniles of other ostracods, thus questioning if heterochronic processes have provided an intermediate valve morphology between the simple (normal) cypridinid juvenile state and the heavily derived and modifi ed state of adult Bennelongia. We discuss the possible (speculative) functionality of the ornamentation in juveniles.
35
Eight new species of the plant bug genus Coridromius are described: C. basilanus sp. nov. from the Philippines, C. eremnos sp. nov. from Sabah, Malaysia, C. fomangsu sp. nov. and C. tafo sp. nov. from Ghana, C. norfolkensis sp. nov. from Norfolk Island, Australia, C. mulu sp. nov. from Sarawak, Malaysia, C. macchabeeus sp. nov. from Mauritius, and C. taravao sp. nov. from Tahiti, French Polynesia.
34
The South African endemic bee genus Redivivoides Michener, 1981 is revised and redefined. The genus comprises seven species, six of which are described here as new: Redivivoides capensis sp. nov. ♀♂, R. eardleyi sp. nov. ♀, R. kamieskroonensis sp. nov. ♀, R. karooensis sp. nov. ♀♂, R. namaquaensis sp. nov. ♀♂ and R. variabilis sp. nov. ♀♂. A key to species is provided.
33
The genus Candobrasilopsis gen. nov. is here described, with C. rochai gen. nov. sp. nov. as type species, from the alluvial valley of the Upper Paraná River. The enigmatic Candonopsis brasiliensis Sars, 1901 is here redescribed and transferred to this new genus, the new combination being Candobrasilopsis brasiliensis (Sars, 1901). The new candonid genus belongs to the tribe Candonopsini, because of the absence of the proximal seta on the caudal ramus. It is closely related to Latinopsis Karanovic & Datry, 2009, because of the relatively short terminal segment of the mandibular palp (length less than 1.5 times the basal width, while this segment is longer than three times the basal width in Candonopsis) and the large and stout b-seta on the T1. However, it differs markedly from Latinopsis in the size and shape of the calcified inner lamellae of both valves and in the type of hemipenis. We also discuss the doubtful allocation of several other genera to the Candonopsini, raise Abcandonopsis Karanovic, 2004 to generic status and reassess the uncertain position of Candonopsis anisitsi Daday, 1905 within Latinopsis.
32
Scolopendrellidae (Myriapoda, Symphyla) from the Afrotropics with descriptions of seven new species
(2012)
Among the Scolopendrellidae belonging to the collection of Symphyla of the Royal Museum for Central Africa (Tervuren, Belgium), ten species were found and seven new species are described: Symphylella erecta sp. nov., S. fuko sp. nov., S. kalundu sp. nov., S. lubumbashi sp. nov., S. malagassa sp. nov., S. tanganyika sp. nov. and Remysymphyla spinosa sp. nov. SEM micrographs and additional information of the new species and also of Remysymphyla hova Aubry & Masson, 1952, Ribautiella zagnanadina Brölemann, 1926 and R. schoutedeni Hinschberger, 1954 are provided, which contributes to an easier determination of the afrotropical scolopendrellid species. The diagnosis of the genus Remysymphyla is discussed.
31
A new species of pearlfish, Echiodon prionodon, is described from three specimens. This species is diagnosed by having a serrated margin on the posterior edge of the fangs, expanded thoracic plates on some abdominal vertebrae and ventral swimbladder tunic ridges. This species was only found in coastal waters around the North Island of New Zealand. The diagnosis of Eurypleuron is revised.
30
Iranocichla hormuzensis occupies a biogeographically peculiar position. This endemic of southern Iran is the only Iranian cichlid. While it is phylogenetically related to African oreochromine members of the cichlid family, it remains unclear how it has dispersed into its current range. It is one of the many lasting enigmas of cichlid biogeography. Monogenean fish parasites may provide useful additional information in such cases. Therefore, I. hormuzensis was examined for these flatworms. A gyrodactylid parasite is reported and compared to congeners from the Palearctic and from cichlids. In this way, we verify whether it shows affinities to parasites from fishes that are either biogeographically or phylogenetically close to Iranocichla hormuzensis. The species is new to science and is described as Gyrodactylus jalalii sp. nov. This is the first description of a parasite infecting I. hormuzensis. Because of the fixation method or age of the material, DNA could not be isolated. Due to the lack of genetic data, no conclusions can be drawn on its phylogenetic positioning. Indeed, Gyrodactylus phylogeny cannot be inferred from morphological characteristics alone. Moreover, the congeners phenotypically reminiscent of the new species belong to a Gyrodactylus clade which is highly diverse in geographic range and host choice. Hence, there is no evidence linking the new species to an exclusively African or cichlid-bound Gyrodactylus lineage.
29
This paper summarizes current knowledge about East African pholcids. East Africa is defined as the area from 12°S to 5°N and from 28° to 42°E, including all of Uganda, Kenya, Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanzania. An annotated list of the 15 genera and 87 species recorded from this area is given, together with distribution maps and an identification key to genera. Most East African species (90%) belong to one of only six genera: Buitinga Huber, 2003 (21 species); Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (18); Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 (17); Spermophora Hentz, 1841 (12); Leptopholcus Simon, 1893 (5) and Quamtana Huber, 2003 (4). Eight species for which DNA sequence data have been published recently are newly described: Buitinga batwa sp. nov., B. wataita sp. nov., Spermophora mau sp. nov., S. maathaiae sp. nov., S. bukusu sp. nov., S. kirinyaga sp. nov., S. kyambura sp. nov. and Quamtana nyahururu sp. nov. Crossopriza johncloudsleyi Deeleman-Reinhold & van Harten, 2001, previously only known from Yemen, is redescribed based on specimens from Kenya. Additional new records are given for 21 previously described species.
28
Capalictus, a new subgenus of Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae), endemic to the South African Cape Province, is described. The type species is Halictus mosselinus Cockerell, 1945. Evylaeus (Sellalictus) fynbosensis (Pauly et al., 2008) is a new junior synonym of L. (C.) mosselinum. Three new species are described: Lasioglossum (Capalictus) hantamense sp. nov., L. (C.) tigrinum sp. nov. and L. (C.) timmermanni sp. nov. DNA sequence data from three nuclear genes support morphologically-determined species limits. Capalictus is a basal clade of the Hemihalictus series of Lasioglossum.
27
Dysponetus is a genus of the family Chrysopetalidae with twelve currently described species. Specimens are fragile and easily damaged or broken during sampling making identification difficult. The most recently described species, Dysponetus joeli Olivier et al., 2012, from the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel, was described from a few small, damaged and poorly preserved specimens. New specimens from the Isles of Scilly, in much better condition, resembled D. joeli except for the absence of ventral cirri on segment 3. Examination of the type material of D. joeli showed it to be identical to these new specimens and highlighted errors in the original description of the species. The present paper corrects the errors and a revised key to species is produced. The differences between D. joeli and the two most similar species, D. bipapillatus Dahlgren, 1996 and D. macroculatus Dahlgren, 1996 are also detailed.
26
Hortipes gigapophysalis (Araneae, Corinnidae) is a new species described from both sexes from montane forest on Mt Nimba, eastern Guinea. The species is remarkable for its long, whip-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) on the male palp. The structure apparently has an insertable function as the epigyne of the female contains a separate set of ducts starting from a central concavity that is unique in the genus. This duct system is apparently meant to receive the supple RTA. This type of structural arrangement has never previously been found in spiders.
25
Australia is predicted to have a high number of currently undescribed ostracod taxa. The genus Bennelongia De Deckker & McKenzie, 1981 (Crustacea, Ostracoda) occurs in Australia and New Zealand, and has recently shown potential for high speciosity, after the description of nine new species from Western Australia. Here, we focus on Bennelongia from eastern Australia, with the objectives of exploring likely habitats for undiscovered species, genetically characterising published morphological species and scanning classical species for cryptic diversity. Two traditional (morphological) species are confi rmed to be valid using molecular evidence (B. harpago De Deckker & McKenzie, 1981 and B. pinpi De Deckker, 1981), while three new species are described using both morphological and molecular evidence. Two of the new species belong to the B. barangaroo lineage (B. dedeckkeri sp. nov. and B. mckenziei sp. nov.), while the third is a member of the B. nimala lineage (B. regina sp. nov.). Another species was found to be genetically distinct, but is not formally described here owing to a lack of distinguishing morphological features from the existing species B. cuensis Martens et al., 2012. Trends in diversity and radiation of the genus are discussed, as well as implications these results have for the conservation of temporary pool microfauna and our understanding of Bennelongia’s evolutionary origin.
24
The present study describes five new free-living nematode species and provides three new species records of the family Comesomatidae (genera Cervonema Wieser, 1954, Dorylaimopsis Ditlevsen, 1918, Hopperia Vitiello, 1969, and Kenyanema Muthumbi et al., 1997) from the continental margin of New Zealand, Southwest Pacific. Dichotomous identification keys are provided for all known species of Dorylaimopsis and Hopperia. Cervonema shiae Chen & Vincx, 2000 is recorded for the first time outside the type locality (Beagle Channel, Chile). C. kaikouraensis sp. nov. is characterised by amphideal fovea with 5.5 turns situated at 1.7 head diameter from anterior end, jointed outer labial setae, equal in length to cephalic setae, sperm dimorphism, and 5-6 small pre-cloacal supplements. C. multispira sp. nov. is characterised by amphideal fovea with 8.0-8.5 turns situated at 2.6-4.0 head diameter from anterior end, cephalic setae 2-3 μm long, slightly shorter than outer labial setae, presence of six uninucleated cells in males (potentially pseudocoelomocytes or supplementary excretory cells), 5 small pre-cloacal supplements, and strongly cuticularised, arcuate spicules with capitulum. C. proberti sp. nov. is characterised by amphideal fovea with 5 turns and located at < 1 head diameter from anterior end, cephalic setae 1.6-2.0 times longer than outer labial setae, and 8 small pre-cloacal supplements. Dorylaimopsis nodderi sp. nov. is characterised by cuticle with lateral differentiation consisting of three longitudinal rows of larger dots in the pharyngeal and caudal regions, two rows of larger dots in middle region of body, and spicules with rounded ventral projection at one third of spicule length from distal end, giving appearance of a joint. Hopperia ancora sp. nov. is characterised by short conical cephalic setae, spicules with hook-like projection at distal end, gubernaculum with bent apophyses, and 11-13 pre-cloacal supplements. H. beaglense Chen & Vincx, 1998 is recorded from Kaikoura Canyon, the fi rst record of this species outside the type locality (Beagle Channel, Chile). Kenyanema monorchis Muthumbi et al., 1997 is also recorded for the first time outside the type locality (Indian Ocean).
23
This study deals with taxonomic problems of the semi-subterranean crangonyctid amphipod Synurella ambulans (F. Müller, 1846), well-known from various freshwater habitats in Europe. The taxonomy of the species S. ambulans and the generic diagnosis for the genus Synurella are revised. A new synonymy is proposed: Synurella ambulans (F. Müller, 1846) = Synurella ambulans meschtscherica Borutzky, 1929, syn. nov. The affinity with the related groups, distribution and ecology of the species are examined.
22
New genera and problematic species in African Lithosiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae, Lymantriidae)
(2012)
This paper deals with some problematic species in the subfamily Lithosiinae. Two new monospecific genera are proposed: Parafrasura gen. nov. and Palaeugoa gen. nov. The former presents the following autapomorphies: tegumen strong and large; uncus long and slightly claviform; typical scaphium-gnathos complex. The latter presents as autapomorphies the disposition of the bands of the wings pattern, and the male genitalia shape. Asura naumanni Kühne, 2005 is considered incertae sedis within Lithosiinae and Asura phaeosticta Kiriakoff, 1958 is transferred to Euproctis Hübner, [1819] (Lymantriidae) (comb. nov.).
21
An account of the taxonomic position of the genus Bracon Fabricius, 1804 is presented. In his monograph Wesmael (1838: 7-58) made a survey of 48 nominal species of Bracon occurring in Belgium. Out of the 48 species thirty-seven were described by Wesmael himself as new species, eleven more species had previously been described by Fabricius (three species), Nees (seven species) and Spinola (one species). The Bracon material studied by Wesmael is deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels. Type (holo-, lecto-, paralectotype) designations are made for Wesmael’s species and neotype designations for Nees sensu Wesmael’s species. Redescriptions, comments on distributions and their taxonomic positions are presented. Palpibracon subgen. nov. is established (type species Bracon delibator Haliday, 1833) for fi ve Bracon species with long maxillary palpi in the Holarctic (four species) and Ethiopian Region (one species). The following fifteen Bracon species names proved to be junior synonyms (valid names in italics): B. dichromus Wesmael, 1838 = B. carpaticus Niezabitowski, 1910 syn. nov.; B. erraticus Wesmael, 1838 = B. bellicosus Papp, 1971 syn. nov., = B. exarator Marshall, 1885 syn. nov., = B. praetermissus Marshall, 1885 syn. nov., B. vectensis Marshall, 1885 syn. nov.; B. fuscicornis Wesmael, 1838 = B. levicarinatus Niezabitowski, 1910 syn. nov.; B. immutator Nees, 1834 = B. breviusculus Wesmael, 1838 syn. nov.; B. intercessor Nees, 1834 = B. laetus Wesmael, 1838 syn. nov.; B. larvicida Wesmael, 1838 = B. crassiusculus Szépligeti, 1901 syn. nov.; B. longicollis Wesmael, 1838 = B. subcylindricus Wesmael, 1838 syn. nov.; B. megapterus Wesmael, 1838 = B. biimpressus Telenga, 1936 syn. nov.; B. nigratus Wesmael, 1838 = B. orbicularis Niezabitowski, 1910 syn. nov.; B. osculator Nees, 1811 = B. coniferarum Fahringer, 1927 (Schmiedeknecht in litt.) syn. nov.; B. picticornis Wesmael, 1838 = B. vitripennis Ratzeburg, 1852 syn. nov.; B. titubatus Wesmael, 1838 = B. fuscipennis Wesmael, 1838 syn. nov. The species Bracon (Lucobracon) turolus Papp, 1984 is revalidated (suppressed under the name B. (Glabrobracon) nigriventris Wesmael, 1838 by Tobias & Belokobylskij 2000: 162). A historic discussion of the subgeneric division of the Bracon species is given.
20
During verifications of museum material for the Catalogue of the Palaearctic Coleoptera, the type specimen of Hylobius huguenini Reitter, 1891 conserved in the Hungarian National Museum was examined. The type specimen had been found by Gustav Huguenin in the Emmental region in Switzerland. The species was never found again and remained therefore mysterious. After the examination of the type specimen, it became clear that Hylobius huguenini belongs to the American genus Heilipodus Kuschel, 1955 (comb. nov.), and there it ranks as a good species next to Heilipodus goeldii sp. nov., described here, and H. polyspilus (Pascoe, 1889), both from Brazil. The type specimens of Heilipodus goeldii sp. nov. were found in the Emil August Göldi-collection in the Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern.
19
26 samples were processed for a taxonomic study of ostracods from the Upper Permian (Changhsingian) - Lower Triassic (Griesbachian) interval of the Dajiang section, Guizhou Province, South China. 112 species belonging to 27 genera are recognized. Five new species are described: Acratia candyae sp. nov, Bairdia adelineae sp. nov., Bairdia? huberti sp. nov., Bairdia jeromei sp. nov., Orthobairdia jeanlouisi sp. nov. The unexpected survival faunas associated with microbial formations in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction are documented for the first time. Ostracod biodiversity variations and palaeo-environmental modifications associated with microbial growth through the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) are discussed.
18
Sponges belonging to the genera Amphilectus Vosmaer, Esperiopsis Carter and Ulosa de Laubenfels of the family Esperiopsidae were collected during 1986 and 1988 expeditions of the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (at that time the National Museum of Natural History at Leiden and the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam) in waters off the coasts of Mauritania and the Cape Verde Islands. Four new species, Amphilectus utriculus sp. nov., Amphilectus strepsichelifer sp. nov., Esperiopsis cimensis sp. nov., Ulosa capblancensis sp. nov., and two already known species, Amphilectus cf. fucorum (Esper) and Ulosa stuposa (Esper) are described and discussed.
17
A revision of the known African species of Psammoecus is given, including redescriptions and illustrations of diagnostic characters. Extensive material from the Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale (Tervuren) is studied. Two new species are described: Psammoecus leleupi sp. nov., and Ps. luchti sp. nov. Four specific names are synonymized: Psammoecus excellens Grouvelle, 1908 = Ps. trimaculatus Motschulsky, 1858; Ps. alluaudi Grouvelle, 1912 = Ps. trimaculatus Motschulsky, 1858; Ps. longulus Grouvelle, 1878 = Ps. longicornis Schaufuss, 1872; Ps. nitescens Grouvelle, 1914 = Ps. laetulus Grouvelle, 1914. A key to the African species is provided.
16
Three species of the genus Prorops Waterson, 1923 occur in Madagascar. Prorops nasuta Waterson, 1923 is recorded for the first time from Madagascar and two new species are described and illustrated: P. sparsa sp. nov. and P. impotens sp. nov., both based on the morphology of males and females. A brief discussion of the status of the genus, illustrations, and a key to Madagascan species of Prorops are provided.
15
Dolichoiulus typhlocanaria sp. nov., D. oromii sp. nov. and D. longunguis sp. nov. are described from caves and the mesovoid shallow stratum (MSS) on Gran Canaria. The genus Anagaiulus Enghoff, 1992 is synonymized under Dolichoiulus Verhoeff, 1900, resulting in Dolichoiulus blancatypa (Enghoff, 1992) comb nov.
14
Three new species of Eupetersia Blüthgen, 1928 (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) from the Oriental Region
(2012)
Three new species, Eupetersia (Nesoeupetersia) singaporensis sp. nov., collected in a mangrove swamp in Singapore, and Eupetersia (Nesoeupetersia) sabahensis sp. nov., collected in the mountains of Sabah, Borneo, and Eupetersia (Nesoeupetersia) yanegai sp. nov., collected in Thailand, are described. This genus is more diversified in the sub-Saharan region, including Madagascar. The only other Oriental species, E. nathani (Baker, 1974), was described from India and is diagnosed and re-illustrated here.
13
The canaliculatus species group of Stenus (Nestus) is redefined. Four new Palaearctic species of the group are described and illustrated: S. (N.) alopex sp. nov. from the Putorana Highland and Taymyr Peninsula, Russia; S. (N.) canalis sp. nov. from SE Siberia and the Russian Far East; S. (N.) canosus sp. nov. from the Narat Mt Ridge, Chinese Tien Shan; S. (N.) delitor sp. nov. from C & SE Siberia. New distributional data as well as brief analyses of old records for fourteen species described earlier are provided from both Palaearctic and Nearctic material. S. (N.) milleporus Casey, 1884 (= sectilifer Casey, 1884) is revalidated as a species propria. S. (N.) sphaerops Casey, 1884 is redescribed; its aedeagus is figured for the fi rst time; the aedeagus of S. (N.) caseyi Puthz, 1972 as well as aedeagi of eight previously described Palaearctic species are illustrated anew. A key for the identification of all the known Palaearctic species of the group is given. A morphology and ecology based analysis of the main evolutionary trends within the group is provided. A lectotype is designated for S. (N.) melanopus Marsham, 1802; its Siberian and NE European records are supposed to be erroneous; the monotypic melanopus species group is erected.
12
The type species of Axinodon ellipticus Verrill & Bush, 1898 and Kellia symmetros Jeffreys, 1876 are re-described. It is concluded that the two species are not conspecific and that K. symmetros cannot be placed in the genus Axinodon. The family affinity of Axinodon is not resolved, although it is probable that this genus belongs to the Thyasiridae. Kellia symmetros is the type species of Kelliola and is placed in the Montacutidae. Kelliola symmetros is most probably associated with the echinoid Aeropsis rostrata and is not the species previously recorded from North Atlantic Pourtalesia echinoids under the name of Axinodon symmetros. This commensal associated with the North Atlantic Pourtalesia is here described as new and placed in the new genus as Syssitomya pourtalesiana gen. nov. sp. nov., Syssitomya gen. nov. differs from all other genera in the Montacutidae by having laminar gill filaments modified for harbouring symbiotic bacteria and it is thus assumed to be chemosymbiotic. A montacutid associated with the hadal Pourtalesia heptneri is described as Ptilomyax hadalis gen. nov. sp. nov.
11
New species Campsicnemus flavissimus sp. nov., C. meridionalis sp. nov., and C. sanctaehelenae sp. nov. are described from St. Helena. A review and key to seven Campsicnemus species inhabiting Azores, Canary Is., Madeira and St. Helena are provided. A new status (as subspecies of C. armatus Zetterstedt, 1849) for C. caffer Curran, 1926 stat. nov. is proposed.
10
No Name, No Game
(2012)
In an interesting contribution Joppa et al. (2011) revisit some aspects of the taxonomic impediment (Evenhuis 2007; http://www.cbd.int/gti/) and come to the conclusion that, contrary to the generally accepted idea, both the rates of species description and the number of taxonomists have increased exponentially since the 1950’s. Joppa et al. (2011) also note a marked decline in the number of species described per taxonomist which they attribute to the difficulty of finding new species in an ever declining ‘missing species pool’. Therefore, their results might be interpreted that today’s taxonomic workforce is sufficient to describe the remaining (shallow) ‘pool of missing species’. In this contribution, we question if this is indeed the case and propose a solution for speeding up taxonomic descriptions.
9
We describe a tiny new frog species of the genus Platypelis (Anura: Microhylidae: Cophylinae) from Marojejy National Park, northeastern Madagascar. Platypelis ravus sp. nov. differs from all other known Platypelis and Cophyla species by its small size (17-19 mm snout-vent length) and a combination of other morphological and bioacoustic characters. The new species seems to be most closely related to P. milloti with which it shares the principal colour pattern, but exhibits a yellow rather than red posterior venter. Uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence in a 16S rRNA gene fragment to all other known species of the genus (except P. cowanii for which no genetic data is available) is greater than 6%. We suggest the inclusion of the new species in the IUCN threat category “Data Deficient”.
8
The genus Bennelongia De Deckker & McKenzie, 1981 is most likely endemic to Australia and New Zealand and, up to now, only two described species in this genus had been reported from Western Australia. Extensive sampling in Western Australia revealed a much higher specifi c diversity. Here, we describe nine new species in three lineages, within the genus Bennelongia: B. cygnus sp. nov. and B. frumenta sp. nov. in the B. cygnus lineage, B. gwelupensis sp. nov., B. coondinerensis sp. nov., B. cuensis sp. nov., B. lata sp. nov. and B. bidgelangensis sp. nov. in the B. australis lineage, and B. strellyensis sp. nov. and B. kimberleyensis sp. nov. (from the Pilbara and Kimberley regions respectively) in the B. pinpi-lineage. For six of the nine species, we were also able to construct molecular phylogenies and to test for cryptic diversity with two different methods based on the evolutionary genetic species concept, namely Birky’s 4 x rule and the GYMC model. These analyses support the specifi c nature of at least four of the fi ve new species in the B. australis lineage and of the two new species in the B. pinpi lineage. We also describe Bennelongiinae n.subfam. to accommodate the genus. With the nine new species described here, the genus Bennelongia now comprises 15 species, but several more await formal description.
7
A new common deep-sea species of Halirages Boeck, 1871 closely related to H.qvadridentatus G.O. Sars, 1877, H.cainae sp. nov., is described after specimens collected in the Norwegian Sea during the MAREANO 2009-111 cruise. Examination of the syntypes of H. elegans Norman, 1882 demonstrates that Norman's species is a junior synonym of H.qvadridentatus G.O. Sars, 1877 and that the species usually named H.elegans in literature was actually undescribed. The name H.stappersi sp. nov. is proposed for that species. A key to and a checklist of Halirages species is given.
6
Three new species of Helicopsyche Siebold, 1856 are described from Vietnam: Helicopsyche melina sp. nov., Helicopsyche meander sp. nov., and Helicopsyche lamnata sp. nov. All species were described from Melinh Station for Biodiversity in the Me Linh District of Vinh Phuc Province. The species were collected mainly in Malaise traps situated across a small stream surrounded by lowland forest. Some individuals were also collected on light in traps situated at the stream bank.
5
The fast-running flies (Diptera, Hybotidae, Tachydromiinae) of Singapore and adjacent regions
(2012)
This is the first comprehensive introduction to the flies of the subfamily Tachydromiinae (Hybotidae) of Singapore. The monograph summarizes all publications on the Tachydromiinae of Singapore and includes new data resulting from mass-trapping surveys made in Singapore during the last six years. A few samples from Malaysia (Johor province, Pulau Tioman and Langkawi) have been also included in this study. In Singapore the Tachydromiinae are the most diverse group of Empidoidea (except Dolichopodidae) and currently comprise 85 species belonging to the following nine genera: Platypalpus (1), Tachydromia (1), Chersodromia (6), Pontodromia (1), Drapetis (5), Elaphropeza (60), Crossopalpus (1), Nanodromia (3) and Stilpon (7). All species are diagnosed and illustrated. The following 28 species are described as new for science: Chersodromia bulohensis sp. nov. (Singapore), C. glandula sp. nov. (Singapore, Malaysia), C. malaysiana sp. nov. (Singapore, Malaysia), C. pasir sp. nov. (Malaysia), C. sylvicola sp. nov. (Singapore), C. tiomanensis sp. nov. (Malaysia), Crossopalpus temasek sp. nov. (Singapore), Drapetis bakau sp. nov. (Singapore, Malaysia), D. hutan sp. nov. (Singapore), D. laut sp. nov. (Singapore, Malaysia), D. mandai sp. nov. (Singapore), D. pantai sp. nov. (Singapore, Malaysia), Elaphropeza chanae sp. nov. (Singapore), E. collini sp. nov. (Singapore), E. gohae sp. nov. (Singapore), E. kranjiensis sp. nov. (Singapore), E. lowi sp. nov. (Singapore), E. semakau sp. nov. (Singapore), E. shufenae sp. nov. (Singapore), Nanodromia hutan sp. nov. (Singapore), N. spinulosa sp. nov. (Singapore), Platypalpus singaporensis sp. nov. (Singapore), Pontodromia pantai sp. nov. (Singapore), Stilpon arcuatum sp. nov. (Singapore), S. neesoonensis sp. nov. (Singapore), S. nigripennis sp. nov. (Singapore), S. singaporensis sp. nov. (Singapore), S. weilingae sp. nov. (Singapore). A redescription is given for Crossopalpus exul (Osten-Sacken, 1882) (Taiwan). Males of Elaphropeza feminata Shamshev & Grootaert, 2007 and E. modesta Shamshev & Grootaert, 2007 as well as females of Elaphropeza ubinensis Shamshev & Grootaert, 2007 and Nanodromia narmkroi Grootaert & Shamshev, 2003 are described for the first time. Keys to genera and species, which are generally applicable to the whole of Southeast Asia, are compiled. An analysis of the species ecological preferenda is presented.
4
Review of Neurepyris Kieffer, 1905 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), a new synonym of Pristocera Klug, 1808
(2011)
The genus Neurepyris Kieffer, 1905 is revised. The adult male holotypes N. rufiventer Kieffer, 1913 from Eritrea and N. tagala (Ashmead, 1905) from the Philippines are redescribed and illustrated. Both species are transferred from the subfamily Epyrinae to Pristocerinae because they have the metanotum well developed medially. Neurepyris rufi venter is transferred to Pristocera Klug, 1808 because the hypopygium is deeply divided into two apical lobes, the subdiscoidal and cubital veins do not reach the border of the forewing, the pronotal disc has the anterior region slightly elevate medially, and the stigma is elongate. Neurepyris tagala is transferred to Apenesia Westwood, 1874 because the basal tooth of mandible is not curved inward, the median lobe of clypeus is not depressed near the antennal insertions, and the aedeagus consists of one lamina. The genus Neurepyris is considered a junior synonym of Pristocera because its type species is N. rufiventer.
3
A new gymnophthalmid lizard of the genus Anadia Gray, 1845 is described from the summit of Abakapá-tepui, Bolívar State, Venezuela, between 2200-2242 m elevation. The new species, Anadia mcdiarmidi sp. nov., is endemic to the Chimantá Massif and seemingly also occurs on Amurí-tepui and Murei-tepui. The new taxon is mainly distinguished from all known congeners by the following combination of characters: body fairly robust, dorsal scales small and quadrangular, middorsal scales 53-57, suboculars large, subequal in size, with sometimes one scale slightly protruding downward between 4th and 5th supralabial, nasal entire, without sub-nostril groove, body uniform beige or greyish to bluish brown in life, devoid of any conspicuous pattern in males, venter immaculate golden grey in life, femoral pores 9-10 on each side in males, preanal pores absent, hemipenis globose, weakly bilobed, bordered by numerous fl ounces (>20) bearing comblike rows of minute weakly mineralized spinules. The presence of a species of Anadia, a primarily Andean genus, on the top of tepuis is of considerable interest to the understanding of the Pantepui biogeography.
2
1
We are very pleased and proud to announce the launch of the European Journal of Taxonomy. The EJT is an international, online, fast-track, peer-reviewed, open access journal in descriptive taxonomy,covering subjects in zoology, entomology, botany, and palaeontology, owned and run by a Consortium of European Natural History Institutes. EJT is a collaborative project outcome of the EDIT network.