Archive for Bryology
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151
Since 150 years, the surroundings of Meran in the Etsch valley (Prov. Alto Adige (Südtirol), Italy) are known as an extraordinary place for rare bryophyte species. It is an attraction for bryologists, who collect species, which are found in Europe only in a few places in the southern Alps. The region is especially well known by the fieldwork of Julius Milde, who stayed there 2 years and described some species as new. In spite of the bryological importance of this region, descriptions of this area as well comments on the phytogeographical background seem to lack.
150
149
A catalogue of 107 species of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and 8 species of hornworts (Anthocerotophyta), recorded from Assam, India is presented. This includes three new records for India viz., Cololejeunea denticulata (Horik.) S. Hatt., C. inflata Steph., Plagiochila furcifolia Mitt., and three species viz., Cololejeunea desciscens Steph. Colura ari (Steph.) Steph., Lopholejeunea eulopha (Taylor) Schiffn. new to mainland. Twelve species are new record for Eastern Himalayan bryo-geographical territory, 20 species as new to Assam and seven species are endemic to Indian regions.
148
Die Rhön ist ein Vulkangebirge in Mitteldeutschland im Länderdreieck von Thüringen, Hessen und Bayern. Sie ist sehr reich an Moosarten, was an seiner Höhe und den damit verbundenen höheren Niederschlägen und der Vielfalt der Standorte und geologischen Untergrundes liegt. Auf diese Weise vereinigen sich hier hochmontane, alpine und subatlantische, basenliebende und säureliebende Arten. Ausdruck dieses Artenreichtums ist die Moosflora der Milseburg (832m) mit schattigen und sonnigen Phonolithfelsen und Blockhalden, auf der allein Geheeb 222 Laubmoosarten fand.
147
Nachdem Sphagnum tenerum Sull. & Lesq. im 19. Jahrhundert aus Nordamerika beschrieben worden war, wurde die Art von Dismier (1928) sowie Paul (1924, 1931) als Synonym zu C. acutifolium (nemoreum, capillifolium) gestellt. Seitdem wurde das Taxon in Europa kaum mehr unterschieden. so von Daniels & Eddy (1985). Erst Lange (1982), Dierssen (1996), Ludwig et al. (1996), Koperski et al. (2000) sowie Meinunger & Schröder (2007) unterscheiden Sphagnum tenerum in Europa wieder als Art, Nyholm (1955ff) als Varietät. Zudem gibt es noch ein Sphagnum tenerum Warnst., was die Konfusion noch größer macht und eine Klärung verlangt. Warnstorf (1903) führt tenerum und schimperi an. Er schlüsselt S. tenerum aus, behandelt die Art aber nicht im Text (weil sie nicht in der Mark Brandenburg vorkam?) und führt schimperi unter S. acutifolium var. viride an, die als „grau-, gras- oder gelbgrün ohne Beimischung von Rot“ beschrieben wird.
146
The determination of complete DNA sequence of mitochondrial genome of liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, opens the way to study the structure and organization of mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes. Since then several studies to sequence mitochondrial genomes of various plant groups have been made. Consequently 71 mitochondrial genomes (as on September 28, 2012) of Viridiplantae are available in organelle genome resources database at National Center for Biotechnology Information. Among these mitochondrial genomes the lineage sampling of bryophytes are poorly represented with only three liverworts, two mosses and two hornworts. The present review deals with features of sequenced mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes.
145
District Rajouri harbours a rich floral and faunal diversity besides varying climatic zones namely sub-tropical, temperate and alpine. The region exhibit significant altitudinal variations ranging from 490 m. to 4700 m. The present study was conducted to report bryophytic elements of the study area as there is no previous work done on this aspect from the study area, except some stray references. A total of 44 bryophyte species belonging to 4 orders, 16 families and 21 genera were reported from the study area. A checklist of the reported plant species with family, distributional range and habitat is presented in the paper. Besides contributing to the regional and national biodiversity check list database, the present study has opened up a new window for the future studies on the various aspects of the reported taxa including extensive exploration for the updation of the present list and to study the conservational aspects of the disappearing bryoflora of the region.
144
Leptodontium styriacum shall be distinguished from the closely related L. flexifolium by the frequent occurrence of gemmae, leaves ending in a hyaline cell and larger laminal cells. A critical evaluation of these characters revealed that these differences are obsolete. Therefore both species are synonymised with the result, that L. flexifolium has a disjunct range between the oceanic parts of Europe and the Alps, a distribution pattern also found in several other species.
143
Since the availability of first complete DNA sequence of chloroplast genome of Marchantia polymorpha several studies to determine the structure and organization of chloroplast genomes of various plant groups have been made. However the lineage sampling of bryophytes are poorly represented in complete chloroplast genome sequences (only three liverworts, two mosses and one hornwort). This review presents features of sequenced chloroplast genomes of bryophytes.
142
Bryophytes (liverworts, mosses and hornworts) hold the basal most position among extant land plants. The present study deals with comparative analysis of available mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes using bioinformatics tools. These mitochondrial genomes belong to 2 liverworts, 1 moss and 2 hornworts. The analysis is based on multiple genome analysis through whole proteome comparison to detect conservation between mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes.
141
Eighty-five species of liverworts can be attributed to the atlantic element in Europe. These are grouped into tropical species, macaronesian species and species which reach to a different extend from the Macaronesian Islands to the Iberian Peninsula, Brittany, England and Ireland, Scotland, SW-Norway and the Faeroers as well as species which extend to the mountains of Central Europe, and species disjunct with the Himalayas or the east coast of North America. Since many of these species are called as relict species, the origin of these species is discussed and the arguments for and against relicts/long distance dispersal are enumerated. There are many arguments for a relict status but also for long distance dispersal. It can therefore be concluded that both cases are realized in different species.
140
Bryoflora of Munsyari and Dharchula Tehsil of Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, Western Himalayas, India
(2012)
Uttarakhand state of India comprises unique topographical conditions and hence is rich in bryophytes. In present work two Tehsils-Munsyari and Dharchula of Pithoragarh have been explored extensively to assess the bryophytic wealth of this district. A preliminary checklist has been prepared which revealed the occurrence of 51 taxa of bryophytes from this district.
139
Scopelophila cataractae, a species on heavy metal rich substrates, was first recorded for Europe in 1967 from Britain and subsequently recorded from many localities contaminated with heavy metal especially around zinc works. It was found in Germany on schist-walls nearby mines from the nineteenth century. This could indicate that the species was present in Europe already prior to 1967 but overlooked. Records even from solid rock nearby mines suggest a status as native species, however, the species had not been observed in the inrtensively floristically studied region before 1870.
138
Based on collections of the author in February and March 2012, Notothylas breutelii, Syzigiella perfoliata, Campylopus lamellinervis. as well as the genus Riccia are reported as new to the Dominican Republic. Sixteen new provincial records are given. Updated and revised lists of the mosses of the Dominican republic as well as the province of La Plata are given.
137
L’Herbier de Strasbourg rassemble plusieurs dizaines de milliers de spécimens de Bryophytes dont la collection Nees von Esenbeck. A partir du "Lexikon deutschsprachiger Bryologen“ de J.P. Frahm et J. Eggers (2001) la liste de 199 bryologues ayant déposé des spécimens à Strasbourg (STR) est présentée, associée à une courte biographie et à l’origine géographique des récoltes botaniques.
136
The habitat as well as the unicellular thallus margins of Aneura maxima lead to the assumption that this species could be a hygromorphosis of A. pinguis. Therefore specimens of A. pinguis were cultivated in water. Even after four months the multicellular thallus margins were retained, which proved to be a stable character to separate A. pinguis from A. maxima. Therefore plants even with a small unistratose border, which are attributed to aquatic forms of A. pinguis, may belong to A. maxima. It is supposed that A. maxima was overlooked in Europe but regarded as aquatic forms of A. pinguis named as fo. rivularis. Such plants show unicellular thallus margins and are regarded as hygrophytic form of A. maxima. The presence viz. absence of an unicellular thallus margin seems to be a sufficient character to separate both species. The discussion about the width of the unistratose thallus margin is useless because the type of A. maxima has only 2-4 rows of unicellular cells and not 6-12 or more as attributed by European hepaticologists. This raises doubts whether the European material is identical with A. maxima rather with A. pellioides from Japan.
135
Moose spielen in Nahrungsketten meist nur eine kleine Rolle und nur wenige Tiergruppen treten bei Moosen als Herbivore auf. Im Winter 2009 konnten Pilzmücken (Mycetophilidae) bei der Aufnahme von Sporenpulver an Buxbaumia aphylla beobachtet werden. Mehrere adulte Individuen saßen an von Schnecken geöffneten Kapseln und nahmen grünes Sporenpulver auf. Während es bekannt ist, dass Schnecken als Konsument an Sporophyten auftreten, ist dies für adulte Pilzmücken neu. Möglicherweise profitieren Moosarten wie Buxbaumia durch diese Herbivorie, da hier auch eine zoochore Ausbreitung von Sporen durch Pilzmücken zu Stande kommen kann.
134
A preliminary study has been made for Borail Wild Life Sanctuary, Assam, India. A total of 25 species of liverwort (Marchantiophyta) and one species of hornwort (Anthocerotophyta) have been enumerated. Of these, Frullania berthoumieuii is new to India, Caudalejeunea reniloba new to North East India, 13 species new to Assam and 11 species are reported for the first time from Borail WLS. Folioceros paliformis is rediscovered after its type.
133
Im untersuchten Waldgebiet in der Östlichen Untermainebene konnten aktuelle Vorkommen von 227 Arten und Varietäten von Laub- und Lebermoosen aufgefunden werden. Zygodon conoideus wurde zum ersten Mal für Hessen nachgewiesen, Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus nach langer Zeit wiederbestätigt. Beachtenswert sind zudem die Nachweise von Amblystegium radicale, Amblystegium subtile, Anomodon longifolius, Aphanorrhegma patens, Cryphaea heteromalla, Dicranum flagellare (c.spg.), Dicranum viride, Dicranum spurium, Distichium capillaceum, Eurhynchium pumilum, Fissidens exiguus, Fissidens gymnandrus, Gymnostomum viridulum, Metzgeria temperata, Mnium lycopodioides, Neckera pennata, Pallavicinia lyellii, Plagiothecium latebricola, Zygodon rupestris und Zygodon viridissimus. Weitere 34 Arten, anhand von Literaturangaben und (wenigen vorhandenen) Herbarbelegen ermittelt, werden aufgeführt. Die Vorkommen der meisten dieser Arten sind im Gebiet wahrscheinlich schon lange erloschen (Bryum torquescens, Bryum uliginosum, Diphyscium foliosum, Fissidens osmundoides, Frullania tamarisci, Ricciocarpos natans, Splachnum ampullaceum, Ulota coarctata u. a.). Der unzureichende Schutz der Erlen- und Eichen-Hainbuchenwälder wird bemängelt.
132
Es wird ein historischer Abriss der Geschichte der anatomischen Forschung an Moosen gegeben, der Aufbau von Laubmoosstämmchen skizziert und speziell die unterschiedliche Terminologie der Gewebetypen diskutiert. Der weit verbreitete Ausdruck Epidermis kann nicht auf Moose angewandt werden, weil die äußerste Schicht des Stämmchens nicht die Definiton des Begriffes erfüllt, verdickt und längsgestreckt ist. Sie gehört zur äußeren Sklerodermis. Längsgestreckt ist auch das sog. Parenchym oder Mark, das als Zentralgewebe (central tissue) bezeichnet wird. Insgesamt wird eine Gliederung in Hyalodermis, äußere und innere Sklerodermis, Zentralgewebe und Zentralstrang vorgenommen, wobei die englumige Sklerodermis durch weitlumige eine Rinde (Cortex) ersetzt sein kann.