Archive for Bryology
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179
Die Beobachtung einer verbreiteten Sippe aus dem Bryum capillare Komplex mit nicht schraubig zusammengedrehten Blättern, nicht austretender Rippe und schmalem Blattsaum warf die Frage auf, ob es sich dabei um einen Genotyp handelt und wenn ja, welchen Namen er tragen muss. Zunächst wurde geklärt, dass die Nominatform von Bryum capillare Pflanzen mit stark schraubig zusammengedrehten Blättern, austretender Rippe und starkem Blattsaum umfasst, die genannte Sippe also nicht dazu gehört. Ein Versuch belegte, dass die Nominatform in hyperhygrischer Kultur unverändert blieb, die abweichende Sippe also keine Hygromorphose oder durch Übergänge mit der Nominatform verbunden ist. Sie war von Schimper als Bryum capillare var. α bezeichnet worden und wird hier als var. schimperi legitimisiert. Gleichzeitig wird die im Flachland und Mittelgebirge auf basischen Felsen und Mauer beheimatete Sippe aus dem Bryum capillare Komplex, welche fälschlicherweise als Bryum elegans bezeichnet wurde, als Bryum capillare var. simile neu beschrieben.
178
During the past years, Fontinalis specimens with round, concave leaves were collected in Germany and Spain, which were named as F. antipyretica var. mollis. A comparison with the type of F. mollis revealed that they are not identical and accordingly are described as new variety, F. antiypretica var. rotundifolia.
184
Dicranodontium didymodon, a species described from the Himalaya was recently reported from Spain. It has been distinguished from D. denudatum by a smooth subula. A reexamination of the type of this species revealed no additional characters which would support the recognition of a separate species. Therefore D. didymodon is synonymised with D. denudatum. The specimen from Spain is referred to D. denudatum var. glabrum, which differs from D. didymodon by larger stature and lack of brood leaves.
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195
The identity of Braunia alopecura (Brid.) Limpr. with Braunia secunda (Hook.) Bruch & Schimp.
(2013)
Braunia alopecura, originally regarded as species endemic to the Southern Alps, later known in addition from the the Cape Verde Islands and recently reported from the Indohimalaya, has revealed to be identical with the neotropical Braunia secunda. This is another case of an American species in the Southern Alps and in Europe in general, as well as an example of possible long distance dispersal.
189
Thalloid liverworts with unistratose thallus margins are easily determined as Aneura maxima, which shall be identified by this character. However, forms of Pellia epiphylla and P. endiviifolia grown under humid conditions can have an unistratose undulate thallus margin and thus confused with the latter. Pellia species can, however, be distinguished from Aneura by the presence of slime hairs vz. slime papillae, which are described and illustrated here.
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176
The family Geocalycaceae are one of the largest families of leafy liverworts in India consisting of 9 genera and 27 species belongs to two subfamilies. Present study reports the distribution of members of this family in Kerala state. In Kerala the family Geocalycaceae are represented by 11 species belonging to three genera viz., Heteroscyphus (6 species), Chiloscyphus (3 species) and Lophocolea (2 species). Among these Chiloscyphus muricatus and Heteroscyphus bescherellei are new record of occurrence for the state of Kerala.
190
Scanning electron microscope analyses of sporoderm of 7 species of 3 genera of Marchantiales are presented in this study. In the studied species, sporoderm exhibit a broad range of morphology and have taxonomic specificity. The structurally rigid sporoderms have specific sculpturing and characteristic patterning. Peculiar architectures are found in different taxa, which revealed that and stable architectures may be present within an order. Sporoderms usually have specific surface markings which are often one of the best parameters to identify any species.
164
Fontinalis antipyretica var. mollis is recorded for Spain, which differs by orbicular, not keeled leaves. The presence in the same tufts together with var. antiypretica reveals that it is a somatic mutant of the latter. A form of Pellia epiphylla was observed which has wide thallus margins of unistratose cells resembling those of Aneura maxima. A Campylopus was collected resembling C. flexuosus but with ventral stereids in transverse section of the costa. It is described as C. flexuosus var. anomalus. An (unsuccessful) attempt has been made to find the locality in which P. Allorge found Campylopus setifolius for the only time in the Iberian Peninsula. The bryophilous fungus Octosporella jungermanniarum is reported as new to Spain. Dicranodontium didymodon, known before from the Himalaya and western China, is reported as new to Europe.
174
Reproduction in bryophytes is by asexual as well as sexual means. Asexual reproduction is a significant adaptation to special environments and occurs by a large variety of methods. During the last few decades, many of the bryophytes, particularly the dioecious ones are reported to have registered a decline in their fertile populations. There is, therefore, a need to understand the reasons for their disappearance.
163
The availability of organelle genome sequences in public databases facilitates the reconstruction of land plants phylogeny. Therefore the present phylogenetic analysis was conducted using chloroplast genome sequences of plants to study phylogenetic relationship of bryophytes. The representative taxa were selected considering the availability of organelle genome sequences in database. Inferred tree topologies showed paraphyly of bryophytes with sister relationship between hornworts and vascular plants irrespective of the method (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference) and type of sequences (Nucleotide and Protein) used. Among bryophytes liverworts are the first to diverge therefore appeared as sister to land plants. Moreover land plants formed a monophyletic group.
160
In Europa wurden 30 Arten identifiziert, welche in Nordamerika in einem geschlossenen Bereich vorkommen, in Europa jedoch nur lokal vertreten sind. Wahrscheinlich wurden sie während dem Holozän verteilt. Diese Annahme wird durch die weitreichende Verstreuung in der nördlichen Hemisphäre unterstützt.
175
Neue Nachweise von Baltischem Bernstein durch den zweiten Autor zeigten mehrere Moose und Lebermoose, die beschrieben werden, und hier dargestellt sind. Unter den Lebermoosen war eine zweite Aufzeichnung von Ptilidium pulcherrimum sowie der Jungermannia berendtii, Aufzeichnungen von Cylindrocolea dimorpha in drei verschiedenen Proben und Frullania Baltica. Die Moose beinhalten eine unbekannte Art, die neu beschrieben wird als Ditrichites ignotus.
185
A boat dug out of a Alnus (alder) trunk about 4,000 years ago had the space between the transom (stern) board and the slot cut in the hull caulked with mosses principally a mass of Anomodon viticulosus but there were thirteen other mosses and one liverwort. The mosses allow the tentative deduction that the boat may not have been caulked at Degersee or, if caulked there, the mosses had been gathered elsewhere in the vicinity and brought to the boat.
168
The present study is a compilation of moss flora of Western Himalayas (India). This compilation listed 745 species of mosses, belonging to 19 orders; 55 families and 230 genera. Out of these 17 species have been reported endemic from Western Himalayas. 196 species have been synonymized and status of 86 species is still doubtful i.e. unresolved name. At present out of 745 only 463 species are validly known from this mountain range of India
161
The present contribution is an enumerated account of mosses of Munsyari (Pithoragarh), Western Himalayas. The study revealed the presence 8 orders, 20 families, 32 genera and 44 species in the area. Moss species viz. Anoectangium walkeri Broth., Actinothuidium hookeri (Mitt.) Broth. Stereophyllum ligulatum Jaeg., Anomodon minor (Hedw.) Fŭrnr., Hageniells assamica Dixon, Schoenobryum cocavifolia (Griff.) Gang., Entodon luteonitens Ren. et Card. and Physcomitrium pulchellum (Grif.) Mitt. are reported for the first time from Munsiyari hills as well as western Himalayas as welcome additions to the bryoflora of Uttarakhand (Western Himalaya).
159
Eight specimens of bryophytes from Baltic amber are described and illustrated, five mosses and three hepatics. The genus Grimmia as well as Brothera leana are reported for the first time as fossils. The mosses Ctenidium capillifolium, Atrichum groehnii and Hypnodontopsis fossilis as well as the hepatics Cylindrocolea dimorpha and Scapania hoffeinsiana are reported repeatedly. The hepatic Spruceanthus polonicus is recorded the second time and photographs are presented for the first time. In addition, a haplolepideous moss capsule as well as a unknown apparently pleurocarpous moss are illustrated.
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Mining of simple sequence repeats in chloroplast genome of a parasitic liverwort: Aneura mirabilis
(2013)
Aneura mirabilis is a parasitic liverwort with a chloroplast genome size of 108007 bp. In this study simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected using bioinformatics approch in plastid genome of Aneura mirabilis. Due to its small genome size only 19 repeats were detected showing a density of 1 SSR/5.68 kb. The length of SSRs ranged from 12 to 20 bp. Mononucleotide repeats were the most frequent repeat type (36.84%) followed by tetranucleotide repeats (31.58%). Moreover hexanucleotide repeats were absent in chloroplast genome sequence of Aneura mirabilis.
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