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Measurement of inclusive J/ψ polarization in p + p collisions at √s=200 GeV by the STAR experiment
(2020)
We report on new measurements of inclusive 𝐽/𝜓 polarization at midrapidity in 𝑝+𝑝 collisions at √𝑠=200 GeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The polarization parameters, 𝜆𝜃, 𝜆𝜙, and 𝜆𝜃𝜙, are measured as a function of transverse momentum (𝑝T) in both the helicity and Collins-Soper (CS) reference frames within 𝑝T<10 GeV/𝑐. Except for 𝜆𝜃 in the CS frame at the highest measured 𝑝T, all three polarization parameters are consistent with 0 in both reference frames without any strong 𝑝T dependence. Several model calculations are compared with data, and the one using the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory coupled with nonrelativistic QCD gives the best overall description of the experimental results, even though other models cannot be ruled out due to experimental uncertainties.
Cells maintain membrane fluidity by regulating lipid saturation, but the molecular mechanisms of this homeoviscous adaptation remain poorly understood. We have reconstituted the core machinery for regulating lipid saturation in baker’s yeast to study its molecular mechanism. By combining molecular dynamics simulations with experiments, we uncover a remarkable sensitivity of the transcriptional regulator Mga2 to the abundance, position, and configuration of double bonds in lipid acyl chains, and provide insights into the molecular rules of membrane adaptation. Our data challenge the prevailing hypothesis that membrane fluidity serves as the measured variable for regulating lipid saturation. Rather, we show that Mga2 senses the molecular lipid-packing density in a defined region of the membrane. Our findings suggest that membrane property sensors have evolved remarkable sensitivities to highly specific aspects of membrane structure and dynamics, thus paving the way toward the development of genetically encoded reporters for such properties in the future.
Enhanced LTP of population spikes in the dentate gyrus of mice haploinsufficient for neurobeachin
(2020)
Deletion of the autism candidate molecule neurobeachin (Nbea), a large PH-BEACH-domain containing neuronal protein, has been shown to affect synaptic function by interfering with neurotransmitter receptor targeting and dendritic spine formation. Previous analysis of mice lacking one allele of the Nbea gene identified impaired spatial learning and memory in addition to altered autism-related behaviours. However, no functional data from living heterozygous Nbea mice (Nbea+/−) are available to corroborate the behavioural phenotype. Here, we explored the consequences of Nbea haploinsufficiency on excitation/inhibition balance and synaptic plasticity in the intact hippocampal dentate gyrus of Nbea+/− animals in vivo by electrophysiological recordings. Based on field potential recordings, we show that Nbea+/− mice display enhanced LTP of the granule cell population spike, but no differences in basal synaptic transmission, synapse numbers, short-term plasticity, or network inhibition. These data indicate that Nbea haploinsufficiency causes remarkably specific alterations to granule cell excitability in vivo, which may contribute to the behavioural abnormalities in Nbea+/− mice and to related symptoms in patients.
Understanding the nano-architecture of protein machines in diverse subcellular compartments remains a challenge despite rapid progress in super-resolution microscopy. While single-molecule localization microscopy techniques allow the visualization and identification of cellular structures with near-molecular resolution, multiplex-labeling of tens of target proteins within the same sample has not yet been achieved routinely. However, single sample multiplexing is essential to detect patterns that threaten to get lost in multi-sample averaging. Here, we report maS3TORM (multiplexed automated serial staining stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy), a microscopy approach capable of fully automated 3D direct STORM (dSTORM) imaging and solution exchange employing a re-staining protocol to achieve highly multiplexed protein localization within individual biological samples. We demonstrate 3D super-resolution images of 15 targets in single cultured cells and 16 targets in individual neuronal tissue samples with <10 nm localization precision, allowing us to define distinct nano-architectural features of protein distribution within the presynaptic nerve terminal.
This paper describes the addition of Luxembourgish to the language versions of MAIN, the adaption process and the use of MAIN in Luxembourg. A short description of Luxembourg’s multilingual society and trilingual school system as well as an overview of selected morphosyntactic and syntactic features of Luxembourgish introduce the Luxembourgish version of MAIN.
NATURAL LANGUAGE (NL) IS A PROMISING ALTERNATIVE INTERFACE TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (DBMSs) BECAUSE IT ENABLES NON-TECHNICAL USERS TO FORMULATE COMPLEX QUESTIONS. RECENTLY, DEEP LEARNING HAS GAINED TRACTION FOR TRANSLATING NATURAL LANGUAGE TO SQL. HOWEVER, THE CORE PROBLEM WITH EXISTING DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES IS THAT THEY REQUIRE AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF MANUALLY CURATED TRAINING DATA IN ORDER TO PROVIDE ACCURATE TRANSLATIONS. WE PRESENT DBPAL THAT USES A NOVEL TRAINING PIPELINE TO LEARN NL2SQL INTERFACES WHICH SYNTHESIZES TRAINING DATA AND, THUS, DOES NOT RELY ON MANUALLY CURATED TRAINING DATA.
Background and Objectives: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are needed by almost every acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patient undergoing induction chemotherapy and constitute a cornerstone in supportive measures for cancer patients in general. Randomized controlled trials have shown non‐inferiority or even superiority of restrictive transfusion guidelines over liberal transfusion guidelines in specific clinical situations outside of medical oncology. In this study, we analysed whether more restrictive RBC transfusion reduces blood use without affecting hard outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 352 AML patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2018 and undergoing intensive induction chemotherapy were included in this retrospective analysis. In the less restrictive transfusion group, patients received RBC transfusion for haemoglobin levels below 8 g/dl (2007–2014). In the restrictive transfusion group, patients received RBC transfusion for haemoglobin levels below 7 g/dl (2016–2018). Liberal transfusion triggers were never endorsed.
Results: A total of 268 (76·1%) and 84 (23·9%) AML patients fell into the less restrictive and restrictive transfusion groups, respectively. The less restrictive transfusion group had 1 g/dl higher mean haemoglobin levels, received their first RBC transfusions earlier and needed 1·5 more units of RBC during the hospital stay of induction chemotherapy. Febrile episodes, C‐reactive protein levels, admission to the intensive care unit, length of hospital stay as well as response and survival rates did not differ between the two cohorts.
Conclusion: From our retrospective analysis, we conclude that a more restrictive transfusion trigger does not affect important outcomes of AML patients. The opportunity to test possible effects of the more severe anaemia in the restrictive transfusion group on quality of life was missed.
Vor allem in Deutschland ist die historische Perspektive spätestens seit Dilthey erste (akademische) Bürgerpflicht und Inbegriff von Geisteswissenschaftlichkeit überhaupt. Erfrischend und gründlicher provozierend ist deshalb der Blick in das Buch eines jungen Anglisten der Yale University, das auch in den USA, wo die Humanities von jeher nicht so eng an den Primat der Geschichte gekoppelt waren, für einige Aufregung gesorgt hat. Im Alleingang, abseits geläufiger Periodisierungen und Selbstbeschreibungen, hat Joseph North eine - eingestandenermaßen tendenziöse - Geschichte seines Fachs vorgelegt
Early experiences of childhood sexual or physical abuse are often associated with functional impairments, reduced well-being and interpersonal problems in adulthood. Prior studies have addressed whether the traumatic experience itself or adult psychopathology is linked to these limitations. To approach this question, individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and healthy individuals with and without a history of child abuse were investigated. We used global positioning system (GPS) tracking to study temporal and spatial limitations in the participants’ real-life activity space over the course of one week. The sample consisted of 228 female participants: 150 women with PTSD and emotional instability with a history of child abuse, 35 mentally healthy women with a history of child abuse (healthy trauma controls, HTC) and 43 mentally healthy women without any traumatic experiences in their past (healthy controls, HC). Both traumatized groups—i.e. the PTSD and the HTC group—had smaller movement radii than the HC group on the weekends, but neither spent significantly less time away from home than HC. Some differences between PTSD and HC in movement radius seem to be related to correlates of PTSD psychopathology, like depression and physical health. Yet group differences between HTC and HC in movement radius remained even when contextual and individual health variables were included in the model, indicating specific effects of traumatic experiences on activity space. Experiences of child abuse could limit activity space later in life, regardless of whether PTSD develops.