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Ziel der Studie war es, das Auftreten von Fatigue, Depression und Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität zu untersuchen bei einem an nichtmuskelinvasivem Blasenkrebs erkrankten Patienten unter BCG-Therapie. Die Hypothese war, dass es keinen Unterschied zu dem Validierungskollektiv der genutzten Fragebögen gibt. Zum Ende der Auswertung wurden die Ergebnisse mit dem Patientenkollektiv der mit Mitomycin behandelten Patienten (Dissertation Fr. Elena Walther) und BPH-bzw. Prostatakarzinom-Patienten (Dissertation Fr. Dr Daniela Drescher) verglichen. Ausgegeben wurden 400 Fragebögen an Patienten betreut in urologischen Praxen deutschlandweit. Zuvor war die Studie von der Ethikkommission der Landesärztekammer Hessen bewilligt worden. Der Fragebogen wurde vollständig anonymisiert, ein Rückschluss auf die Identität der Teilnehmer ist nicht möglich. Die Testinstrumente setzten sich zusammen aus dem sozioökonomischen Status, dem Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), dem EORTC-QLQ-C30, dem Beck Depression Inventar und dem EORTC Blasenmodul QLQ-NMIBC24. Ausgewertet wurden 67 Fragebögen. Das Geschlecht der teilnehmenden Patienten war überwiegend männlich, 58, versus 9, weiblich. Das Mindestalter lag bei 45, das Höchstalter bei 91 Jahren. Die Mehrheit der Patienten (46) waren verheiratet, zusammenlebend. 50 % der Probanden verfügten über einen Hauptschulabschluss, 22 bzw. 15 % über einen Hochschul- bzw. Realschulabschluss. Die Mehrzahl der Patienten nahm keine Psychopharmaka ein (85 %). Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Lebensqualität der Patienten gut ist, gemessen der der Krebsdiagnose und der begleitenden belastenden intravesikalen Therapie. Entscheidende Faktoren für die guten Ergebnisse schienen in diesem Patien tenkollektiv die Lebensumstände zu sein, da herausgearbeitet werden konnte, dass Patienten, zusammenlebend mit Partner beim QLQ-C30-Fragebogen beim emotionalen Teil der Fragen bessere Ergebnisse zeigten. Bei den kognitiven Einschränkungen war das Alter ein negativer Einflussfaktor. Die körperlichen Einschränkungen waren trotz des hohen Durchschnittsalters der Teilnehmer eher gering. Der Anteil an Patienten mit schwerer Fatigue war mit 6 von 67 Teilnehmern sehr gering.
Der Vergleich mit anderen Patientengruppen, wie Prostatakarzinom- und BPH-Patienten und mit Mitomycin behandelten Patienten ergab keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Der größte limitierende Faktor dieser Arbeit war die geringe Patientenzahl. Dies ist umso bedeutsamer, da alle den Themenbereich untersuchenden Studien so geringe Patientenzahlen aufweisen. In der täglichen Praxis scheint es schwierig, noch zusätzliche Befragungen durchzuführen, die über das normale Maß hinausgehen. Die im Fragebogen abgefragten Punkte sind allerdings sehr wichtig für den Therapieerfolg, da Patienten mit einer schlechten Lebensqualität oder einer Depression, die sich unter Therapie entwickelt eher dazu geneigt sein werden, die Behandlung abzubrechen. Wünschenswert wäre weitere Studien mit größerer Patientenzahl, um den Einfluss des Alters und der Lebensumstände noch besser untersuchen zu können. Auch Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen könnten so besser aufgearbeitet werden. Es wäre sehr wichtig, diese Studien durchzuführen, um Standards in der Versorgung der Patienten zu erarbeiten, beispielsweise Messinstrumente, die gut in den Alltag zu integrieren sind, um Krankheiten oder Begleitsymptome aufzudecken, die den Krankheitsverlauf negativ beeinflussen.
Background: Previous experimental research on testosterone (T) and psychological traits is inconclusive. Thus, we performed the first large-scale observational study of the association between T and dispositional optimism / pessimism.
Methods: We used prospective data from 6,493 primary-care patients (3,840 women) of the DETECT study (Diabetes Cardiovascular Risk-Evaluation: Targets and Essential Data for Commitment of Treatment), including repeated immunoassay-based measurement of serum T and optimism / pessimism assessed by the revised Life-Orientation Test (LOT-R). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of baseline T and one-year change in T with optimism and pessimism were investigated using age- and multivariable-adjusted regression models.
Results: Cross-sectional analyses showed no association of T with optimism or pessimism in both sexes. Longitudinal analyses also showed no association of baseline T with optimism or pessimism at four-year follow-up. Multivariable analyses of total LOT-R score yielded similarly non-significant results (β-coefficient per unit change in T for men: -0.01 (95% CI: -0.24–0.22), women: 0.08 (-0.03–0.20)). Furthermore, change in T was not related to optimism or pessimism at four-year follow-up.
Conclusions: The present observational study of a large-scale prospective sample showed no association of T with optimism or pessimism. Integrating further experimental and interventional evidence from alternative methodological approaches would strengthen this conclusion and establish stronger evidence about the potential hormonal basis of psychological traits.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major psychiatric illness affecting around 1% of the global population. BD is characterized by recurrent manic and depressive episodes, and has an estimated heritability of around 70%. Research has identified the first BD susceptibility genes. However, the underlying pathways and regulatory networks remain largely unknown. Research suggests that the cumulative impact of common alleles with small effects explains only around 25–38% of the phenotypic variance for BD. A plausible hypothesis therefore is that rare, high penetrance variants may contribute to BD risk. The present study investigated the role of rare, nonsynonymous, and potentially functional variants via whole exome sequencing in 15 BD cases from two large, multiply affected families from Cuba. The high prevalence of BD in these pedigrees renders them promising in terms of the identification of genetic risk variants with large effect sizes. In addition, SNP array data were used to calculate polygenic risk scores for affected and unaffected family members. After correction for multiple testing, no significant increase in polygenic risk scores for common, BD-associated genetic variants was found in BD cases compared to healthy relatives. Exome sequencing identified a total of 17 rare and potentially damaging variants in 17 genes. The identified variants were shared by all investigated BD cases in the respective pedigree. The most promising variant was located in the gene SERPING1 (p.L349F), which has been reported previously as a genome-wide significant risk gene for schizophrenia. The present data suggest novel candidate genes for BD susceptibility, and may facilitate the discovery of disease-relevant pathways and regulatory networks.
Purpose: Collaborative care is effective in improving symptoms of patients with depression. The aims of this study were to characterize symptom trajectories in patients with major depression during one year of collaborative care and to explore associations between baseline characteristics and symptom trajectories.
Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial in primary care. The collaborative care intervention comprised case management and behavioral activation. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess symptom severity as the primary outcome. Statistical analyses comprised latent growth mixture modeling and a hierarchical binary logistic regression model.
Results: We included 74 practices and 626 patients (310 intervention and 316 control recipients) at baseline. Based on a minimum of 12 measurement points for each intervention recipient, we identified two latent trajectories, which we labeled "fast improvers" (60.5%) and "slow improvers" (39.5%). At all measurements after baseline, "fast improvers" presented higher PHQ mean values than "slow improvers". At baseline, "fast improvers" presented fewer physical conditions, higher health-related quality of life, and had made fewer suicide attempts in their history.
Conclusions: A notable proportion of 39.5% of patients improved only "slowly" and probably needed more intense treatment. The third follow-up in month two could well be a sensible time to adjust treatment to support "slow improvers".
Background: The risk for major depression and obesity is increased in adolescents and adults with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adolescent ADHD predicts adult depression and obesity. Non-pharmacological interventions to treat and prevent these co-morbidities are urgently needed. Bright light therapy (BLT) improves day–night rhythm and is an emerging therapy for major depression. Exercise intervention (EI) reduces obesity and improves depressive symptoms. To date, no randomized controlled trial (RCT) has been performed to establish feasibility and efficacy of these interventions targeting the prevention of co-morbid depression and obesity in ADHD. We hypothesize that the two manualized interventions in combination with mobile health-based monitoring and reinforcement will result in less depressive symptoms and obesity compared to treatment as usual in adolescents and young adults with ADHD.
Methods: This trial is a prospective, pilot phase-IIa, parallel-group RCT with three arms (two add-on treatment groups [BLT, EI] and one treatment as usual [TAU] control group). The primary outcome variable is change in the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology total score (observer-blinded assessment) between baseline and ten weeks of intervention. This variable is analyzed with a mixed model for repeated measures approach investigating the treatment effect with respect to all three groups. A total of 330 participants with ADHD, aged 14 – < 30 years, will be screened at the four study centers. To establish effect sizes, the sample size was planned at the liberal significance level of α = 0.10 (two-sided) and the power of 1-β = 80% in order to find medium effects. Secondary outcomes measures including change in obesity, ADHD symptoms, general psychopathology, health-related quality of life, neurocognitive function, chronotype, and physical fitness are explored after the end of the intervention and at the 12-week follow-up.
Discussion: This is the first pilot RCT on the use of BLT and EI in combination with mobile health-based monitoring and reinforcement targeting the prevention of co-morbid depression and obesity in adolescents and young adults with ADHD. If at least medium effects can be established with regard to the prevention of depressive symptoms and obesity, a larger scale confirmatory phase-III trial may be warranted.
Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00011666. Registered on 9 February 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03371810. Registered on 13 December 2017.