Open Access

Eva Molnárová

• Jede Wortschatzschicht hat ihren begrifflichen Kern, und ebenso gilt dies auch für die politische Lexik, deren Schichtung sich aus der ständigen Entwicklung der Sprache und Gesellschaft ergibt. Diese Schichtung reflektiert aktuelle gesellschaftlich-politische Ereignisse. Benennungen von diesen landeskundlichen Gegebenheiten - Politemen -, die Objekt unserer Untersuchungen sind, werden durch die Gesellschaftsentwicklung aktualisiert oder neu gebildet, d.h. sie sind durch den zeitlichen Kontext determiniert. Außerdem werden in unserem Beitrag mehrere Forschungsansätze von Sprache in der Politik, den Charakteristika und der Klassifikation der politikbezogenen Wörter behandelt.
• Political lexis represents a set of words and phrases containing a semantic component referring to the relationship to domestic or foreign policy, and to the political life of the state. It is therefore bound to the national specificities of political events, which find their reflection in the language. As in any lexis, the basic item of political lexis is a lexical item. Definitions of the lexical items of political lexis are too heterogeneous and do not correspond in contents. However, their objects are still the same types of lexical items. For their integral connection with political events, for purposes of our article, as well as for further research we use the term an "ideologeme", respectively a politeme. The article emphasizes a politeme exists as the basic unit of political lexis with specific characteristics, typically merely for the given language layer. National politemes refer to political events within a particular country and are flag to the particular nation, while multinationals are universal and of general application. Relevance of our research issues is also affirmed by the absence of a unified terminology for political lexis, particularly in Slovakia and Russia. The detailed profiling of research in political lexis in Slovakia has so far not been recorded, and / or for this reason, we discuss characteristics of various approaches in current research. Respecting the significant political component of the very concept of political lexis we prefer an interdisciplinary political-linguistic approach based not only on linguistic theories, but also on knowledge and theories of political science as a key science of policy.