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The refugee and migration crisis has contributed to promote and consolidate new practices. The NGOs’ SAR Operations represent a new aspect of the humanitarian new normal phenomenon which is here analysed to deepen the existing knowledge about the response of the state, the citizens and the organised civil society to the crisis. The paper, which is based on an expert survey research conducted by researchers of the University of Catania, contends that Europeans overwhelmingly perceive irregular migrants as a threat...
In the past years a variety of papers have been presented by the European Commission and by the EU High Representative, outlining strategies of the EU in foreign-, security- and refugee policies. Many of these strategic documents reflect the ambivalence of the EU Policy. On the one hand the complementarity and coherence of approaches is emphasized; on the other hand, core elements of the foreign-, security- and refugee policy undermine aims in other policy fields...
Threat perceptions is a popular topic among scholars of international relations, yet the focus is oftentimes how two states perceive and misperceive threats (Robert Jervis, David Singer among others). Threats are generally understood as potential harm directed against the territorial integrity or the political regime of the states in question or both. Wandering on the borders of the mainstream realist theory and the rational choice theory – popular since when behavioralism entered into IR literature in the 1960s – and the constructivism of the reflectivist era (Wendt), the topic has been made a subject of study through such several different conceptual lenses but mostly on an international/state level of analysis a la Waltz...
The paper will outline a research project – its goals and methods – that focuses on what 1) makes humans flee from their home, land and country, at the risk of losing their lives, 2) seek refuge in another place, 3) what individual assessments they made before, during and after flight, and 4) how they assess the question of return to their countries/places of origin when the original causes of their flight – e.g. civil unrest, civil strife or civil war – are not any more directly present in the country or place from which they fled...
Exodus Eritrea
(2017)
The post-liberal debate on peacebuilding and reconciliation seems to have advanced. We observe efforts “bringing the local back in” (Debiel/Rink 2016) by enhancing local ownership, relational sensitivity, contextualization, culturalization, hybridity and last but not least resilience. Concepts furthermore try to integrate transnational dynamics, international power shifts and trends of regionalization. However, many questions remain: for scholars, for practitioners and last but not least for the local population...
How do coalition governments affect the risk of civil war onset in ethnically divided societies? Existing research argues that power-sharing coalitions decrease the risk of civil war because they redress grievances. Building on a formal model of coalition formation, we predict that ethnic elites are most likely to form oversized rather than minimum-winning coalitions in anticipation of future challenges to the regime. Put differently, we expect most power-sharing to occur where the risk of regime-threatening civil war is highest...
This year’s conference of the AFK (German Association for Peace and Conflict Studies) and the European Peace Research Association (EuPRA) is on "Peace and Conflict Studies from the Margins to the Centre; Rethinking Europe in an Unequal World" (16 – 18 March 2017 in Schwerte (nearby Dortmund), Germany).
The virtual realm of the internet is often seen as an egalitarian world where differences such as those between young and established researchers do not seem so significant. While we do not fully agree with this thesis, we want to use this blog to make a model attempt at providing a platform in which those participating in the conference and others can enter discussion with young students, established researchers, and peace activists.
To make this possible, we started a project in cooperation with the Bretterblog – a young team of researchers who established this blog some years ago. Here we will discuss the topics of the conference and will inform a broader audience about the newest results in peace and conflict research from different countries.
Great interest has emerged recently in the search for Kitaev spin liquid states in real materials. Such states rely on strongly anisotropic magnetic interactions, which have been suggested to exist in a number of candidate materials based on Ir and Ru. This thesis concentrates on two priority purposes. The first is the investigation of electronic and magnetic properties of candidate materials Na2IrO3, α-Li2IrO3, α-RuCl3, γ-Li2IrO3, and Ba3YIr2O9 for Kitaev physics where both spin-orbit coupling and correlation effects are important. The second is the method development for the microscopic description of correlated materials combining many-body methods and density functional theory (DFT). ...
In this thesis we explore the characteristics of strongly interacting matter, described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). In particular, we investigate the properties of QCD at extreme densities, a region yet to be explored by first principle methods. We base the study on lattice gauge theory with Wilson fermions in the strong coupling, heavy quark regime. We expand the lattice action around this limit, and carry out analytic integrals over the gauge links to obtain an effective, dimensionally reduced, theory of Polyakov loop interactions.
The 3D effective theory suffers only from a mild sign problem, and we briefly outline how it can be simulated using either Monte Carlo techniques with reweighting, or the Complex Langevin flow. We then continue to the main topic of the thesis, namely the analytic treatment of the effective theory. We introduce the linked cluster expansion, a method ideal for studying thermodynamic expansions. The complex nature of the effective theory action requires the development of a generalisation of the linked cluster expansion. We find a mapping between generalised linked cluster expansion and our effective theory, and use this to compute the thermodynamic quantities.
Lastly, various resummation techniques are explored, and a chain resummation is implemented on the level of the effective theory itself. The resummed effective theory describes not only nearest neighbour, next to nearest neighbour, and so on, interactions, but couplings at all distances, making it well suited for describing macroscopic effects. We compute the equation of state for cold and dense heavy QCD, and find a correspondence with that of non-relativistic free fermions, indicating a shift of the dynamics in the continuum.
We conclude this thesis by presenting two possible extensions to new physics using the techniques outlined within. First is the application of the effective theory in the large-$N_c$ limit, of particular interest to the study of conformal field theory. Second is the computation of analytic Yang Lee zeros, which can be applied in the search for real phase transitions.
Die Rede vom Parasiten mit vorrangig pejorativer Bedeutung ist semantisch relativ stabil und kann auf den botanischen Fachterminus 'Parasit' bis ins 16. Jahrhundert zurückverfolgt werden. Allerdings muss eine vollständige Geschichte des Parasiten, die allerdings hier nicht geleistet werden kann, sondern sich auf kursorische Hinweise beschränken muss, bis in die Antike zurückgehen und ist dabei deutlich ambivalenter, als es zunächst scheint. Vor allem bleibt eine Begriffsgeschichte des 'Parasiten' unvollständig, wenn sie neben dem biologischen Konzept nicht auch die mit ihm verknüpften Diskurse reflektiert, die die Figur in andere Zusammenhänge und Bewertungskontexte stellen - vor allem die der menschlichen Gesellschaft. Der Parasit als Begriff besitzt prinzipiell unscharfe Grenzen, da der Parasit immer schon ein Agent der Zwischenräume gewesen ist.