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Muhammad Ibrahim Abdulhamid, Bassam Aboona, Jaroslav Adam, Leszek Adamczyk, Joseph R. Adams, Ishu Aggarwal, Madan Mohan Aggarwal, Zubayer Ahammed, Elke Caroline Aschenauer, Sameer Aslam, J. Atchison, Vipul Bairathi, Jonathan Gonzalo Ball Cap, Kenneth Barish, Rene Bellwied, P. Bhagat, Anju Bhasin, S. Bhatta, S.R. Bhosale, Jaroslav Bielčík, Jana Bielčíková, James D. Brandenburg, C. Broodo, X.Z. Cai, Helen Louise Caines, Manuel Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Daniel A. Cebra, Jakub Češka, Irakli Chakaberia, Petr Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, Subikash Choudhury, William Christie, X. Chu, Henry J. Crawford, Máté Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, Ingo Martin Deppner, A. Dhamija, P. Dixit, X. Dong, James Lucus Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, James C. Dunlop, Jon M. Engelage, Geary Wareham Eppley, ShinIchi Esumi, Olga Y. Evdokimov, Kjeld Oleg Eyser, Renee H. Fatemi, Salvatore Fazio, C.J. Feng, Yicheng Feng, Evan Finch, Yuri V. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, Carl A. Gagliardi, Tetyana Galatyuk, T. Gao, Frank Geurts, N. Ghimire, Adam Gibson, Krishan Gopal, X. Gou, David P. Grosnick, Anik Gupta, Włodzimierz Guryn, Ahmed M. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, John W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, Norbert Herrmann, Lukáš Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, Shengli Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Thomas J. Humanic, M. Isshiki, William W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, Chitrasen Jena, Alexander Jentsch, Yuanjing Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, Eleanor G. Judd, Sonia Kabana, Dmitry Kalinkin, K. Kang, David Kapukchyan, Kolja Kauder, Declan Keane, A. Khanal, Yevheniia V. Khyzhniak, Daniel P. Kikoła, D. Kincses, Ivan Kisel, A. Kiselev, Anders Garritt Knospe, H.S. Ko, Leszek Krzysztof Kosarzewski, Lokesh Kumar, M.C. Labonte, Roy Alphanso Lacey, Jeffery M. Landgraf, Jerome Lauret, Alexei Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, D. Li, H-S. Li, H. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, Robert Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, Michael A. Lisa, C. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, Tonko A. Ljubicic, O. Lomicky, Ronald S. Longacre, E.M. Loyd, T. Lu, J. Luo, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Yu-Gang Ma, Niseem Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Dukhishyam Mallick, R. Manikandhan, Spyridon Margetis, Christina Markert, Howard S. Matis, G. McNamara, O. Mezhanska, K. Mi, Saskia Mioduszewski, Bedangadas Mohanty, Mriganka Mouli Mondal, Isaac A. Mooney, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, John M. Nelson, Daniel B. Nemes, M. Nie, Grigory A. Nigmatkulov, Takafumi Niida, Toshihiro Nonaka, G. Odyniec, Akio Ogawa, Saehanseul Oh, K. Okubo, Brian S. Page, R. Pak, S. Pal, A. Pandav, T. Pani, A. Paul, Bogdan Pawlik, Diana Pawłowska, Chris Perkins, Jan Marian Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, Matthew Posik, Tristan Protzman, V. Prozorova, Navneet Kumar Pruthi, Mariusz Przybycien, Jörn H. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, Cameron Racz, Sooraj Krishnan Radhakrishnan, A. Rana, Robert L. Ray, Rosi Jan Reed, Hans Georg Ritter, C.W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, H. Sako, Sevil Salur, S. Sato, B.C. Schaefer, William B. Schmidke, Norbert Schmitz, F-J. Seck, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Richard Seto, Peter Seyboth, N. Shah, Prashanth V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, Natasha Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, Ashik Ikbal Sheikh, D. Shen, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, Subhash Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, Nikolai Smirnov, Yannick Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T. D. Shirvel Stanislaus, Maria Stefaniak, David J. Stewart, Blair Stringfellow, Y. Su, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo Suaide, Michal Šumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Bernd Surrow, Z.W. Sweger, A.C. Tamis, Aihong Tang, Z. Tang, Terence J. Tarnowsky, James H. Thomas, Anthony Robert Timmins, David Tlusty, Takahito Todoroki, Stephen Trentalange, Prithwish Tribedy, Srikanta Kumar Tripathy, T. Truhlar, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Oleg D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Zhoudunming Tu, J. Tyler, Thomas Ullrich, David G. Underwood, Isaac Upsal, Gene Van Buren, Jan Vanek, Iouri Vassiliev, Veronica Verkest, Flemming Videbæk, Sergei Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Jason C. Webb, Philipp Weidenkaff, Gary D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, Howard Wieman, G. Wilks, Scott W. Wissink, Richard Witt, J. Wu, J. Wu, X. Wu, X. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, Guannan Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, Maksym Zyzak

• We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy √𝑠 = 510 GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range 0.23 ≤ −𝑡 ≤ 0.67 GeV2. This is the only measurement of the proton-proton elastic cross section in this 𝑡 range for collision energies above the Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR) and below the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) colliders. We find that a constant slope 𝐵 does not fit the data in the aforementioned 𝑡 range, and we obtain a much better fit using a second-order polynomial for 𝐵(𝑡). This is the first measurement below the LHC energies for which the non-constant behavior 𝐵(𝑡) is observed. The 𝑡 dependence of 𝐵 is also determined using six subintervals of 𝑡 in the STAR measured 𝑡 range, and is in good agreement with the phenomenological models. The measured elastic differential cross section d𝜎∕dt agrees well with the results obtained at √𝑠 = 540 GeV for proton–antiproton collisions by the UA4 experiment. We also determine that the integrated elastic cross section within the STAR 𝑡-range is 𝜎f id el = 462.1 ± 0.9(stat.) ± 1.1(syst.) ± 11.6(scale) 𝜇b.