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Muhammad Ibrahim Abdulhamid, Bassam Aboona, Jaroslav Adam, Leszek Adamczyk, Joseph R. Adams, Ishu Aggarwal, Madan Mohan Aggarwal, Zubayer Ahammed, Elke Caroline Aschenauer, Sameer Aslam, J. Atchison, Vipul Bairathi, Jonathan Gonzalo Ball Cap, Kenneth Barish, Rene Bellwied, Pratibha Bhagat, Anju Bhasin, Somadutta Bhatta, Sneha Bhosale, Jaroslav Bielčík, Jana Bielčíková, James D. Brandenburg, Caleb Broodo, X.Z. Cai, Helen Louise Caines, Manuel Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Daniel A. Cebra, Jakub Češka, Irakli Chakaberia, Petr Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, Subikash Choudhury, William Christie, X. Chu, Henry J. Crawford, Máté Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, Ingo Martin Deppner, A. Dhamija, Prabhupada Dixit, X. Dong, James Lucus Drachenberg, Emilie Duckworth, James C. Dunlop, Jon M. Engelage, Geary Wareham Eppley, ShinIchi Esumi, Olga Y. Evdokimov, Kjeld Oleg Eyser, Renee H. Fatemi, Salvatore Fazio, C.J. Feng, Yicheng Feng, Evan Finch, Yuri V. Fisyak, Fernando Antonio Flor, C. Fu, Carl A. Gagliardi, Tetyana Galatyuk, T. Gao, Frank Geurts, Navagyan Ghimire, Adam Gibson, Krishan Gopal, X. Gou, David P. Grosnick, Anik Gupta, Włodzimierz Guryn, Ahmed M. Hamed, Y. Han, Szymon Harabasz, Matthew D. Harasty, John W. Harris, Hannah Harrison-Smith, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, Norbert Herrmann, Lukáš Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, Shengli Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Thomas J. Humanic, M. Isshiki, William W. Jacobs, Ashish Jalotra, Chitrasen Jena, Alexander Jentsch, Yuanjing Ji, Jiangyong Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, Eleanor G. Judd, Sonia Kabana, Dmitry Kalinkin, K. Kang, David Kapukchyan, Kolja Kauder, Declan Keane, Aniket Khanal, Yevheniia V. Khyzhniak, Daniel P. Kikoła, D. Kincses, Ivan Kisel, A. Kiselev, Anders Garritt Knospe, H.S. Ko, Leszek Krzysztof Kosarzewski, Lokesh Kumar, Mathias C. Labonte, Roy Alphanso Lacey, Jeffery M. Landgraf, Jerome Lauret, Alexei Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, D. Li, H-S. Li, H. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, Robert Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, Michael A. Lisa, C. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, Tonko A. Ljubicic, O. Lomicky, Ronald S. Longacre, E.M. Loyd, T. Lu, J. Luo, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Yu-Gang Ma, Niseem Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Dukhishyam Mallick, Rutik Manikandhan, Spyridon Margetis, Christina Markert, Howard S. Matis, Grant McNamara, O. Mezhanska, K. Mi, Saskia Mioduszewski, Bedangadas Mohanty, Mriganka Mouli Mouli, Isaac A. Mooney, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, John M. Nelson, Daniel B. Nemes, M. Nie, Grigory A. Nigmatkulov, Takafumi Niida, Toshihiro Nonaka, Grazyna Janina Odyniec, Akio Ogawa, Saehanseul Oh, K. Okubo, Brian S. Page, Robert Pak, S. Pal, Ashish Pandav, T. Pani, A. Paul, Bogdan Pawlik, Diana Pawłowska, Chris Perkins, Jan Marian Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, Matthew Posik, Tristan Protzman, V. Prozorova, Navneet Kumar Pruthi, Mariusz Przybycien, Jörn H. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, Cameron Racz, Sooraj Krishnan Radhakrishnan, Aditya Rana, Robert L. Ray, Rosi Jan Reed, Hans Georg Ritter, C.W. Robertson, Monika Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, H. Sako, Sevil Salur, Susumu Sato, Brennan C. Schaefer, William B. Schmidke, Norbert Schmitz, F-J. Seck, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Richard Seto, Peter Seyboth, N. Shah, Prashanth V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, Natasha Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, Ashik Ikbal Sheikh, D. Shen, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, Shusu Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, Subhash Singha, P. Sinha, Michael J. Skoby, Nikolai Smirnov, Yannick Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T. D. Shirvel Stanislaus, Maria Stefaniak, David J. Stewart, Blair Stringfellow, Y. Su, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo Suaide, Michal Šumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Bernd Surrow, Z.W. Sweger, A.C. Tamis, Aihong Tang, Z. Tang, Terence J. Tarnowsky, James H. Thomas, Anthony Robert Timmins, David Tlusty, Takahito Todoroki, Stephen Trentalange, Prithwish Tribedy, Srikanta Kumar Tripathy, Tomas Truhlar, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Oleg D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Zhoudunming Tu, J. Tyler, Thomas Ullrich, David G. Underwood, Isaac Upsal, Gene Van Buren, Jan Vanek, Iouri Vassiliev, Veronica Verkest, Flemming Videbæk, Sergei Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Jason C. Webb, Philipp Weidenkaff, Gary D. Westfall, Daniel Wielanek, Howard Wieman, G. Wilks, Scott W. Wissink, Richard Witt, J. Wu, J. Wu, Xiao Wu, Xiao Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, Guannan Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, Maria Katarzyna Żurek, Maksym Zyzak

• We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy √𝑠 = 510 GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range 0.23 ≤ −𝑡 ≤ 0.67 GeV2. This is the only measurement of the proton-proton elastic cross section in this 𝑡 range for collision energies above the Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR) and below the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) colliders. We find that a constant slope 𝐵 does not fit the data in the aforementioned 𝑡 range, and we obtain a much better fit using a second-order polynomial for 𝐵(𝑡). This is the first measurement below the LHC energies for which the non-constant behavior 𝐵(𝑡) is observed. The 𝑡 dependence of 𝐵 is also determined using six subintervals of 𝑡 in the STAR measured 𝑡 range, and is in good agreement with the phenomenological models. The measured elastic differential cross section d𝜎∕dt agrees well with the results obtained at √𝑠 = 540 GeV for proton–antiproton collisions by the UA4 experiment. We also determine that the integrated elastic cross section within the STAR 𝑡-range is 𝜎f id el = 462.1 ± 0.9(stat.) ± 1.1(syst.) ± 11.6(scale) 𝜇b.