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The Weissert Event ~133 million years ago marked a profound global cooling that punctuated the Early Cretaceous greenhouse. We present modelling, high-resolution bulk organic carbon isotopes and chronostratigraphically calibrated sea surface temperature (SSTs) based on an organic paleothermometer (the TEX86 proxy), which capture the Weissert Event in the semi-enclosed Weddell Sea basin, offshore Antarctica (paleolatitude ~54 °S; paleowater depth ~500 meters). We document a ~3–4 °C drop in SST coinciding with the Weissert cold end, and converge the Weddell Sea data, climate simulations and available worldwide multi-proxy based temperature data towards one unifying solution providing a best-fit between all lines of evidence. The outcome confirms a 3.0 °C ( ±1.7 °C) global mean surface cooling across the Weissert Event, which translates into a ~40% drop in atmospheric pCO2 over a period of ~700 thousand years. Consistent with geologic evidence, this pCO2 drop favoured the potential build-up of local polar ice.
Background & Aims: Thrombopoietin receptor agonists are a new class of compounds licenced for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. They are currently being studied for patients with thrombopenia in advanced liver disease or under therapy for hepatitis C. There are indications that the risk for development of portal vein thrombosis in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis might be increased under therapy with thrombopoietin receptor agonists. We report a case of a patient with Child class B liver cirrhosis with concurrent immune thrombocytopenic purpura that developed portal vein thrombosis under therapy with the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim.
Methods: A 50-year-old woman with hepatitis C virus associated immune thrombocytopenic purpura and Child class B liver cirrhosis presented in our emergency with rapidly evolving hydropic decompensation and general malaise. For immune thrombocytopenic purpura, the patient was started on the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim nine months ago.
Results: During hospitalization, the platelet count was measured above 330,000/μl and partial portal vein thrombosis was diagnosed by imaging studies. The thrombotic event was assumed to be associated with the romiplostim treatment for immune thrombocytopenic purpura via excessive elevation of platelet count. After anticoagulation with heparin and cessation of romiplostim treatment, complete recanalisation of the portal vein was achieved.
Conclusions: We conclude that romiplostim should be used with precaution in patients with hepatitis C-associated immune thrombocytopenic purpura and advanced liver cirrhosis as the risk for thrombotic complications may increase significantly.
Extensive black shale deposits formed in the Early Cretaceous South Atlantic, supporting the notion that this emerging ocean basin was a globally important site of organic carbon burial. The magnitude of organic carbon burial in marine basins is known to be controlled by various tectonic, oceanographic, hydrological, and climatic processes acting on different temporal and spatial scales, the nature and relative importance of which are poorly understood for the young South Atlantic. Here we present new bulk and molecular geochemical data from an Aptian–Albian sediment record recovered from the deep Cape Basin at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 361, which we combine with general circulation model results to identify driving mechanisms of organic carbon burial. A multimillion-year decrease (i.e., Early Aptian–Albian) in organic carbon burial, reflected in a lithological succession of black shale, gray shale, and red beds, was caused by increasing bottom water oxygenation due to abating hydrographic restriction via South Atlantic–Southern Ocean gateways. These results emphasize basin evolution and ocean gateway development as a decisive primary control on enhanced organic carbon preservation in the Cape Basin at geological timescales (> 1 Myr). The Early Aptian black shale sequence comprises alternations of shales with high (> 6 %) and relatively low (∼ 3.5 %) organic carbon content of marine sources, the former being deposited during the global Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a, as well as during repetitive intervals before and after OAE 1a. In all cases, these short-term intervals of enhanced organic carbon burial coincided with strong influxes of sediments derived from the proximal African continent, indicating closely coupled climate–land–ocean interactions. Supported by our model results, we show that fluctuations in weathering-derived nutrient input from the southern African continent, linked to changes in orbitally driven humidity and aridity, were the underlying drivers of repetitive episodes of enhanced organic carbon burial in the deep Cape Basin. These results suggest that deep marine environments of emerging ocean basins responded sensitively and directly to short-term fluctuations in riverine nutrient fluxes. We explain this relationship using the lack of wide and mature continental shelf seas that could have acted as a barrier or filter for nutrient transfer from the continent into the deep ocean.
Extensive black shale deposits formed in the Early Cretaceous South Atlantic, supporting the notion that this emerging ocean basin was a globally important site of organic carbon burial. The magnitude of organic carbon burial in marine basins is known to be controlled by various tectonic, oceanographic, hydrological, and climatic processes acting on different temporal and spatial scales, the nature and relative importance of which are poorly understood for the young South Atlantic. Here we present new bulk and molecular geochemical data from an Aptian–Albian sediment record recovered from the deep Cape Basin at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 361, which we combine with general circulation model results to identify driving mechanisms of organic carbon burial. A multi-million year decrease (i.e. Early Aptian–Albian) in organic carbon burial, reflected in a lithological succession of black shale, gray shale, and red beds, was caused by increasing bottom water oxygenation due to abating tectonic restriction via South Atlantic-Southern Ocean gateways. These results emphasize basin evolution and ocean gateway development as a decisive primary control on enhanced organic carbon preservation in the Cape Basin at geological time scales (>1 Myr). The Early Aptian black shale sequence comprises alternations of shales with high (>5%) and relatively low (~3%) organic carbon content of marine sources, the former being deposited during the global Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a, as well as during repetitive events before and after OAE 1a. In all cases, these short-term events of enhanced organic carbon burial coincided with strong influxes of sediments derived from the proximal African continent, indicating closely coupled climate–land–ocean interactions. Supported by our model results, we propose that fluctuations in weathering-derived nutrient input from the southern African continent, linked to fluctuations in pCO2 and/or orbitally driven humidity/aridity, were the underlying drivers of short-term organic carbon burial in the deep Cape Basin. These results suggest that deep marine environments of emerging ocean basins responded sensitively and directly to short term fluctuations in riverine nutrient fluxes. We explain this relationship by the lack of wide and mature continental shelf seas that could have acted as a barrier or filter for nutrient transfer from the continent into the deep ocean.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disease characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. BD shows substantial clinical and genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders, in particular schizophrenia (SCZ). The genes underlying this etiological overlap remain largely unknown. A recent SCZ genome wide association study (GWAS) by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium identified 128 independent genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The present study investigated whether these SCZ-associated SNPs also contribute to BD development through the performance of association testing in a large BD GWAS dataset (9747 patients, 14278 controls). After re-imputation and correction for sample overlap, 22 of 107 investigated SCZ SNPs showed nominal association with BD. The number of shared SCZ-BD SNPs was significantly higher than expected (p = 1.46x10-8). This provides further evidence that SCZ-associated loci contribute to the development of BD. Two SNPs remained significant after Bonferroni correction. The most strongly associated SNP was located near TRANK1, which is a reported genome-wide significant risk gene for BD. Pathway analyses for all shared SCZ-BD SNPs revealed 25 nominally enriched gene-sets, which showed partial overlap in terms of the underlying genes. The enriched gene-sets included calcium- and glutamate signaling, neuropathic pain signaling in dorsal horn neurons, and calmodulin binding. The present data provide further insights into shared risk loci and disease-associated pathways for BD and SCZ. This may suggest new research directions for the treatment and prevention of these two major psychiatric disorders.
Der Luchs ist eine mittelgroße Katzenart. Da die Schulterhohe in etwa der Rückenlange entspricht, erhalt der Körperumriss nahezu quadratische Proportionen (Hemmer 1993b). Charakteristisch sind die etwa 4 cm langen Haarpinsel an den Ohren (Pinselohren) und der hellgraue Backenbart. Das dichte Fell kann in der Färbung zwischen rotbraun und gelb- bis hellgrau variieren, wobei die Körperunterseiten (Bauch, Brust, Kehle und Kinn) meist weislich gefärbt sind. Der Schwanz ist vergleichsweise kurz und erscheint am Ende wie abgeschnitten (Stummelschwanz). Die Kopf-Rumpf-Lange ausgewachsener Tiere beträgt 80 - 130 cm. Die Körpermasse adulter Weibchen erreicht 15 - 20 kg, die der Männchen 20 - 25 kg (Hemmer 1993b).
Mammalia (Säugetiere)
(2001)
Die Kleine Hufeisennase ist die einzige Art der Rhinolophidae in Sachsen-Anhalt und mit einer Körpermasse von 5 – 9 g die kleinste Vertreterin der Familie in Europa. Das weiche Fell ist auf der Körperoberseite bräunlich rauchfarben und unterseits grau bis grauweiß gefärbt. Wichtigstes Erkennungsmerkmal ist der für die gesamte Familie typische hufeisenförmige Nasenaufsatz. Dieser ist für die Echoortung von großer Bedeutung. Er bündelt die, im Gegensatz zu allen anderen einheimischen Fledermausarten durch die Nase ausgesandten Schallwellen und erlaubt damit eine genaue Orientierung im Gelände (SCHOBER 1998).
Das langhaarige, dichte Fell der Wildkatze ist gelblichgrau gefärbt, wobei die Rückenpartie dunkler (grauer) und die Bauchseite heller (gelblicher) erscheinen. Auf dem Rücken ist ein schmaler schwarzer Aalstrich erkennbar. Der dicke, buschige Schwanz endet stumpf und trägt außer dem schwarzen Schwanzende zwei bis drei geschlossene schwarze Ringe. Schwanzform und -färbung können als Hinweis auf Wildkatzen dienen, erlauben aber, wie auch die Körpergröße und Fellfarbe, keine sichere Bestimmung (Hemmer 1993a). Eine eindeutige Trennung zwischen wildfarbenen Hauskatzen bzw. Hybriden und echten Wildkatzen ist lediglich anhand des Schädelvolumens und der Darmlänge (Piechocki 1990) bzw. mittels molekulargenetischer Methoden möglich (Hille et al. 2000). Die Kopf-Rumpf-Lange adulter Wildkatzen beträgt 45 - 67 cm und die Schwanzlange 21,5 - 35 cm, wobei die Männchen die größeren Maße aufweisen. Für Wildkatzen aus dem Harz und Nordthüringen ermittelte Piechocki (1986) Körpermassen von 3,0 - 6,5 kg (Männchen) bzw. 2,3 - 4,9 kg (Weibchen).
Der etwa rattengroße gedrungen wirkende Feldhamster ist oberseits gelb- bis rotbraun und unterseits schwarz gefärbt. An der Übergangszone sind weise Flecken unterschiedlicher Größe ausgeprägt. In regional unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit können auch abweichend gefärbte Tiere beobachtet werden (schwarz, gescheckt, gelb, weiß). An Tieren aus Sachsen-Anhalt konnten Stubbe et al. (1998) folgende Maße ermitteln: Kopf-Rumpf-Lange 18,7 - 28,5 cm und Schwanzlange 3,5 - 6,8 cm. Die ermittelten Körpermassen wahrend der Sommermonate betrugen 182 - 505 g. Für den Beginn des Winterschlafs ist jedoch von einer Erhöhung dieser Werte auszugehen.
Charakteristisch für die Haselmaus ist die oberseits gelblich- bis rötlichbraune Fellfärbung in Verbindung mit dem buschig behaarten Schwanz. Kehle und Brust sind auffallend weißlich gefärbt. Mit einer Kopf-Rumpf-Lange von 6,5 - 9,0 cm, einer Schwanzlange von 5,5 - 8 cm und einer Körpermasse von 15 - 35 g ist sie die kleinste Vertreterin der Schlafmause (Gliridae).