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Didier Debaise entwickelt ausgehend von der Philosophie von Alfred North Whitehead eine spekulative, nicht anthropozentrische Theorie des Subjektbegriffs. In der Tradition der Kritik an einem phänomenologisch gedachten Begriff des Subjekts stellt Debaise einen kosmologischen Begriff des Subjekts vor, der einer Bindung an Kategorien wie Intentionalität, Bewusstsein und Repräsentation vorgängig ist und der anstatt vom Bewusstsein von einem universalen Begriff des Empfindens ausgeht. Das Subjekt ist in diesem kosmologischen Ansatz nicht mehr der Ursprung der Empfindungen, sondern der Effekt eines Prozesses, es ist ein Subjekt, das als Superjekt sich selbst voraus ist.
The article compares the aesthetic notions of the "je ne sais quoi" (as it emerges in the Renaissance and is widely debated in the eighteenth century) and of the 'uncanny' as theorized by Ernst Jentsch and Sigmund Freud in the early twentieth century. Its hypothesis is that both notions, in situating aesthetic experience in a liminal space between pleasure and trouble, can be considered after-images of non-aesthetical notions - notions that belong to the domain of the sacred and have metamorphosed as forms of aesthetic undecidability through the paradigmatic fracture of early modernity. The article focuses on depictions of female figures directing their gaze upward - in the iconography of Sade's Justine, in popular imagery connected with Lourdes apparitions (1858), in medium photography, and in the images taken by Charcot of his hysterical patients at the Salpêtrière - and argues that they become a Warburgian Pathosformel indicating a space of undecidability and 'nonsense' between the subject and otherness.
This contribution outlines the evolutionary history of aesthetic illusion, drawing on both its biological and its cultural evolution. Unlike other 'biocultural' accounts of human behaviour, however, the present considerations strictly distinguish between these two processes by resorting to the system-theoretical reformulation of evolutionary theory as offered by Niklas Luhmann. After introducing the theoretical framework, two core elements of aesthetic illusion are described as biological predispositions: the ability to become 'illuded' (as deriving from a biological adaptation for play behaviour in mammals) and the ability to take an interpretive, quasi-communicative attitude toward artifacts (which might be a by-product of the human capacity for symbolic cognition). Particular emphasis is given to the competency for cognitive metarepresentation which emerged together with play and other capacities in fundamentally intelligent animals, and which, in combination with the evolution of language in the human species, has developed into a complex cognitive apparatus called 'scope syntax' by Leda Cosmides and John Tooby. In the last part of the present article several cultural processes are pointed out which have influenced the cultural concepts that, as a cognitive 'scope' tag, guide the experience of aesthetic illusion, the most important among them being the idea of autonomous art as brought about in Western modernity.
On the list
(2022)
This essay presents some thoughts about lists and draws on a range of material, from Lauren Berlant to George Perec. It acts as an introduction to a series of short meditations on individual instances of listing. Usually presented in a sequence and assembled according to some practical or conceptual necessity, lists offer the promise, perhaps the illusion, of keeping track, of bringing control to the flux of things and thoughts, of putting confusion to a halt. They relate to reduction in two ways: first, as a quantitative reduction - as a form of making smaller or less; and second, as a qualitative reduction - as a form of condensation to the most salient data.
Der in seinen mannigfachen Referenzen nahezu opake Film "Contra-Internet: Jubilee 2033" von Zach Blas (2018) steht im Zentrum der Frage, welches Internet wir uns aus einer queer-theoretischen und queer-ästhetischen Perspektive vorstellen können. Was ist eine queere Vision des Internets? Wie lässt sich eine Zukunft des Internets prophezeien, die den von Technologieunternehmen herbeigeführten Nexus von Mystik und Mathematik hintertreibt? Am Beispiel der im Film verhandelten Symbole, Objekte und Materialien beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit der queeren Ästhetik des Algorithmischen.
Radiating exposures
(2020)
The brief explorations of radiation exposures presented within this essay draw primarily from nuclear art and culture and contribute to the field of nuclear aesthetics, which has long been fixated on the problem of visibility and the representation of nuclear residues. The examples draw primarily from photographic technologies and other aesthetic registers that capture visual residues of radiation. The challenges of nuclear aesthetics are also political and social. This constellation of objects and inquiries is meant to explore the fraught political, environmental, and social relations between radiation, visibility, toxicity, through the concept of exposure. They offer feminist glimpses into other ways of thinking exposure, as it develops in relation to (often imperceptible) toxicity that is not inscribed into a logic that partitions the passive victim of suffering from some pure or unaffected subject. They are examples that are both forms of exposure specific to the nuclear while also, perhaps, helping to expose more nuanced and complex ways of understanding forms of exposure that extend beyond nuclearity.
Pasolini's literature, film, theatre, and essays engaged with Classical tragedy from the mid-1960s onwards. As Bernhard Groß shows in his paper 'Reconciliation and Stark Incompatibility: Pasolini's "Africa" and Greek Tragedy', this engagement forms a modality in Pasolini's politics of aesthetics that seeks to grasp the fundamental transformation from a rural-proletarian to a petit-bourgeois Italy. Since the mid-'60s, Pasolini was concerned with the bourgeoisie and its utopian potentials, which he sought to make productive by reading Classical tragedy as a possibility to make contradictions visible. Pasolini realized his reading of the Classical tragedy by having 'Africa' and 'Europe' - as he understood them - confront one another without mediation. By means of film analyses and film theory, Groß argues that this confrontation, especially in the films on the ancient world, generates an aesthetic place where the incompatible can unfold in the spectators' experience.
Rehabilitation II
(2019)
Wenn Søren Kierkegaard in den "Schriften über sich selbst" die eigene Gegenwart als "eine Zeit der Auflösung"l bezeichnet, die eine "Radikalkur" bedürfe, so markiert er damit zugleich seinen eigenen philosophischen Entwurf existenz-dialektischen Denkens. als ein Konzept, das im Horizont jener gesellschaftlichen Modernisierungsprozesse zu verorten ist, die im Laufe des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts eine Neukonzeptualisierung des Denkens von Mensch und Welt unabweisbar fordern. Topisch geworden in diesem Sinne ist Karl Löwiths Rede vom "revolutionären Bruch im Denken des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts". Wie für viele seiner Zeitgenossen bildet dabei für Kierkegaard die Identitätsphilosophie Hegels den negativen Bezugspunkt. Während jedoch Theoretiker wie Marx in dem Sinne der Hegelschen Spur folgen, daß sie den Systemcharakter dieser ersten Theorie der Moderne beerben, ist es im Falle Kierkegaards gerade Hegels Verwissenschaftlichung der Philosophie, die zum Widerspruch herausfordert. Der Begriff der Verwissenschaftlichung bezeichnet dabei den Sachverhalt, daß die Philosophie in Gestalt einer objektivierenden Ontologie der Gegenwart dem Individuum keinerlei Handlungsorientierung mehr zu geben vermag. Kierkegaard problematisiert mit seiner HegelKritik also jene Grundtendenz der modernen Kultur, welche Max Weber als einen Prozeß der Ausdifferenzierung in füreinander gleichgültige Wertsphären und mithin als einen Vorgang der Dezentrierung der symbolischen Ordnung beschrieben hat.
Sguardi al limite : Il tema della soglia nel pensiero letterario di Thomas Bernhard e di Ernst Bloch
(2008)
[...] Nelle riflessioni di Bernhard, come in quelle di Bloch, l'esilità del traciato di confine tra opera ed esistenza contribuisce a determinare profondamente lo statuto stesso della immagine e dello sguardo che la contempla. Di fronte a un'arte che è divenuta terreno incerto, l'occhio dello spettatore non può che muoversi in costante bilico, sull'orlo del precipizio, sulla linea di demarcazione tra il mondo irredento e quel regno outopico che la rappresentazione artistica rivela. Ciò che emerge da entrambe le letture è la consapevolezza della necessità di calarsi nelle crepe e negli abissi della realtà. In fondo questo è uno degli insegnamenti fondamentali di Bloch: è nelle buche e nelle lacune che costellano il terreno dell'esistenza che si annida il possibile sognato. Il confine (lo Zwischenraum) incollocabile, tra vita e arte, deve essere affrontato in tutta la sua problematicità funambolesca, e non tolto per mezzo della creazione di un universo fittizio. La relazione pendolare restituisce il senso della cornice mobile, come consapevolezza della impossibilità di tracciare una fisionomia nitida e definitiva del reale. Sia nella prospettiva di Bemhard sia in quella di Bloch l'immagine che tiene prigionieria l'umanita e l'idea della forma formata, una soluzione definiva posticcia e inautentica. La necessaria contromossa consiste allora nell'affidarsi a uno sguardo inquieto, perché consapevole di un'alterità che sempre sfugge.