Refine
Year of publication
- 1989 (56) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (44)
- Part of a Book (5)
- Part of Periodical (3)
- Working Paper (3)
- Book (1)
Language
- English (56) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (56) (remove)
Keywords
- Aeroplysinin-1 (1)
- Epithelioma Cells (1)
- Funktionalismus <Linguistik> (1)
- Lexikologie (1)
- Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition (1)
- Lymphoma Cells (1)
- Morphosyntax (1)
- Nominalisierung (1)
- Numerus (1)
- Phycocyanin-Free Lamellae (1)
Institute
- Physik (6)
- Biowissenschaften (1)
- Extern (1)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (1)
- Informatik (1)
- Medizin (1)
- Rechtswissenschaft (1)
- Sprachwissenschaften (1)
Nuclear transport models including density- and momentum-dependent mean-field effects are compared to intranuclear-cascade models and tested on recent data on inclusive p-like cross sections for 800A-MeV La+La. We find a remarkable agreement between most model calculations but a systematic disagreement with the measured yield at 20°, possibly indicating a need for modification of nuclear transport properties at high densities.
There are 26 species of Campylopus in Central America. They are divided into three groups on the basis of two characters: the presence or absence in the costa of a ventral layer of enlarged, hyaline cells and the presence or absence in the stem of an outer hylodermis. Dicranum costaricensis Bartr. is transferred to Campylopus as C. valerioi nom. nov. Campylopus hoffmanii and C. standleyi are recognized as distinct species. Six new synonyms are proposed: C. straminifolius = C. densicoma; C. costaricensis = C. surinamensis; C. roellii = C. tallulensis; C. donnellii = C. zygodonticarpus; C. tuerckheimii = C. zygodonticarpus; C. sargii = C. zygodonticarpus.
Under the skillful direction of Professor Dindal of Syracuse University, the work of 54 authors, 11 years in the making, is blended into one large, useful volume treating the systematics and biology of all organisms involved in the soil ecology of North America, north of Mexico. The separate authors treat their special groups following a similar format throughout, covering the biology, taxonomy, and ecology of each soil biotic group. The amount of data presented varies with the extent of knowledge of the group treated. The 43 chapters cover all taxa from soil bacteria through the insects. The insects are covered in 384 pages.
Lectotypes are designated for the following species: A. aureocoerulans Obenberger, A. auroguttatus Schaeffer, A. cannulus Obenberger, A. carinellifer Obenberger, A. dolli Schaeffer, A. exclusus Obenberger, A. ferrisi Dury, A. huachucae Schaeffer, A. optatus Obenberger, A. pictithorax Obenberger, A. simillipictus Obenberger, A. subtropicus Schaeffer, Aphanisticus peninsulae Obenberger, Brachys fascifera Schwam, Buprestis adducta Casey, B. caliginosa Casey, B. disruptans Casey, B. fastidiosa Casey, B. flavopicta Casey, B. fulgens Casey, B. fusca Casey, B. graminea Casey, B. gravidula Casey, B. leporina Casey, B. maculipennis deficiens Casey, Chalcophora angulicollis montana Casey, C. laurentica Casey, Cinyra prosternalis Schaeffer, Conognatha fisheri Hoscheck, C. neutra Hoscheck, Cypriacis obscura Casey, C. venusta Casey, Endelus bakerianus Obenberger, E. belial Obenberger, Gyascutus amplus Casey, G. compactus Casey, G. fidelisCasey, G. pistorius Casey, Hippomelas grossus Casey, H. planicauda Casey, Meliboeus carbonicolor Obenberger, Meliboeus pravus Obenberger, Pachyschelus caeruleus Schwam, P. orientalis Obenberger, Poecilonota cupripes Casey, P. parviceps Casey, Polycesta arizonica Schaeffer, Rhaeboscelis texana Schaeffer, Sambus delicatulus Obenberger, Stereosa cribripennis Casey, Stictocera laticornis Casey, S. pollens Casey, Texania bisinuata Casey, Trachys fisheri Obenberger, T. isolata Obenberger, T. scriptella Obenberger, T. subaenella Obenberger, T. (Habroloma) bakeriana Obenberger, T. (H.) singaporensis Obenberger, Tyndaris chamaeleonis Skinner and T. olneyae Skinner.
The semantics of gradation
(1989)
The term 'gradation' is meant to cover a range of phenomena which for the time being I shall call quantitative evaluations regarding dimensions or features. I shall actually be looking into the principles governing the way gradation is expressed in language. The quantitative aspect of the adjectives of dimension occupies a key position which can be systematically explained and this aspect will be the crucial point of the discussion. I shall focus on the various grammatical forms of comparison: comparative, equative, superlative and some related constructions, and indications of measurement and adverbial indications of degree.
Performance and storage requirements of topology-conserving maps for robot manipulator control
(1989)
A new programming paradigm for the control of a robot manipulator by learning the mapping between the Cartesian space and the joint space (inverse Kinematic) is discussed. It is based on a Neural Network model of optimal mapping between two high-dimensional spaces by Kohonen. This paper describes the approach and presents the optimal mapping, based on the principle of maximal information gain. It is shown that Kohonens mapping in the 2-dimensional case is optimal in this sense. Furthermore, the principal control error made by the learned mapping is evaluated for the example of the commonly used PUMA robot, the trade-off between storage resources and positional error is discussed and an optimal position encoding resolution is proposed.
Aboriginal migration from South East Asia is the beginning of Australian economic history. Prehistorians have tended to focus on means to sea travel rather than opportunity and motive to migrate. American and Australian measures of sea depth contours throw new light on possible migration paths and the conditions that might have prompted Aboriginal ancestors to move through island SE Asia to Australia. Interpretation of the data depends on a reconsideration of palaeodemography and the introduction of some economic and historical analysis. Several scenarios suggest possible conditions influencing trends and fluctuations in Aboriginal migration over the past 60,000 years.
Herbaria: The National Council for the Flora of Mexico (Consejo Nacional de la Flora de México) recently published a revised edition of the catalogue of Mexican herbaria (Arreguín & Valenzuela 1986). This contains information on 58 institutional herbaria including name, accepted acronym -when available-, number of specimens, important col-lections, available services, staff research interests, geographical coverage, etc.
The cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis (Anacystis nidulans, strain L 1402-1) grown at 39 °C and 2 vol. % CO : could be synchronized by a light/dark regime of 3:5 h (white light intensity 1.5 × 104 erg cm-2 sec-1). Content of pigments (chlorophyll a. phycocyanin and carotenoids), R N A and proteins increased linearly up to 100% at the end of the light period while DNA synthesis was lower. Chlorophyll a synthesis was correlated to the photosystem I activity of the isolated thylakoids and to the formation of MGD G . Galacto lipids were synthesized in the light period, only. A lag phase of 2h was observed in the biosynthesis of SQDG and PG. No significant differences were found between the cell and thylakoid fractions. Palmitic (C16:0), hexadecenoic (C16:1) and octadecenoic (C18:1) acid as major com ponents accounted for more than 90% of total fatty acids in MGD G , DGDG and SQDG . PG contains a small amount of stearic (C18:0) and heptadecenoic (C17:1) acid. No significant variations in the fatty acid distribution of all lipids could be detected in the cell fraction during the division cycle. Changes in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids were found in isolated thylakoids. only. In experiments with [14C]bicarbonate main radioactivity was measured in galacto lipids while using [14C]acetate SQDG and PG were markedly [14C]labelled. Results were discussed with reference to the findings of eucaryotic algae and the formation of photosynthetic membranes.
37 species of mosses are reported from the Mascarenes. Of these 19 belong to the genus Campylopus and 8 to Leucoloma. Three are new to the Mascarenes i.e. Campylopus leucochlorus (C.Müll.) Par., C. paludicola Broth. and C. subperichaetialis Biz. & Kilb., two are new to Mauritius i.e. Bryum truncorum (Brid.) Brid. and Leucoloma cinclidotioides Besch. and four are new to Réunion i.e. Campylopus incacorralis Herz. C. praetermissus J.-P. Frahm, C. trachyblepharon (C. Müll.) Mitt. ssp. comatus (Ren. & Card.) J.- P. Frahm and Leucoloma rutenbergii (Geh.) Wright var. elatum Ren. The variety is new to the Mascarenes.
Bryohumbertia subcomosa (Dix.) J.–P. Frahm, a new name for Bryohumbertia walkeri (Mitt.) J.-P. Frahm
(1989)
The concept of Bryohumbertia walkeri (Mitt.) J.-P. Frahm was based on isotype specimens, which are, however, not identical with the holotype which consists of Campylopus comosus (Reinw. & Hornsch.) Bosch & Lac.. Therefore the next older epithet available must be chosen for B. walker and the new combination B. subcomosa is introduced accordingly.
All the species of Chorisodontium recorded from the neotropical mountains (Bolivia –Costa Rica) have been critically revised. Three species, C. nigricans Herz, C. mittenii (C. Müll.) Broth. And C. wallisii (C. Müll.) Broth. Are accepted. Chorisodontium speciosum (Hook. F. & Wils. ) Broth. Is placed as a variety to C. wallisii.
A bryological inventory of the Upper Mazaruni District, Guyana (former British Guiana) yielded almost three hundred species, including 2 genera and 11 species new to science and 130 species new to the Guianas. The densely forested and very humid north slope of Mount Roraima (500-2300 m.) proved to be the richest area for bryophytes and most of the novelties were found there. The present paper provides an enumeration of the species collected with a brief characterization of their habitat. The following species are described as new: Haesselia acuminata Gradst., Plagiochila gymnocalyx Inoue, Radula gradsteinii Yamada, Radula guyanensis Yamada, Radula mazarunensis Yamada and Stenorrhipis grollei Gradst. Anastrophyllum subg. Vanaea Inoue & Gradst. from Mount Roraima is elevated to generic rank.
Book Review: Insect Spiracular Systems By T. B. Nikam and V. V. Khole The authors and the publisher are to be complimented for the production of this book summarizing the various aspects of the morphology, development and physiology of the insect spiracular systems. Emphasis has been given to those aspects of the insect spiracular systems that have received scant attention so far, like functional morphology and ecophysiological considerations. The role of spiraculo-trachial system thermoregulation has been explained and integrated with the role of haemolymph circulation. The biophysical aspects have been fully explained and integrated with morpho-physiological aspects.
Book Review: This book integrates present knowledge in crop protection from the theoretical and practical points of view. Pest control Information derived from field like plant pathology, entomology, nematology and weed science is analyzed with reference to plant breeding and nutrition, agronomy and agricultural economics, and some general conclusions are drawn about prognoses, forecasting, and integrated pest control.
Records from the Turrialba Valley region of Costa Rica are given for species of Cerambycidae heretofore unknown from Central America, or for which no previous specific information was recorded. The following species are recorded from Central America for the first time: Sphallambyx chabrillaci, Cycnoderus barbatus, Cylicasta nysa, Oncideres minuta, Dufauxia sp. indet., Onalcidion fibrosum, Nyssodrysola corticalis, Neoeutrypanus mutilatus, Anisopodus affinis, and Lithargyrus melzeri. Previously unrecorded locality or behavioral data are given for Xenochroma azurea, Chontalia cyanicolor, Omosarotes singularis, and Cephalodina crassiceps. New taxa described are: Ommata (Ecliptophanes) tommyi, sp. n., Eupogonius cryptus, sp. n., Jamesia ericksoni, sp. n., Oreodera lezamai, sp. n., Leptostylus lividus sp. n., Colobothina, gen. n., C. perplexa, sp.n.
The identification of North American Dolichoderus species by-way-of existing keys is unnecessarily arbitrary and misdeterminations are likely between D. mariae and D. pustulatus, the latter species showing most morphological variation over its range. Diagnoses for the four described species and an undescribed form with a revised key and figures are given to aid entomologists working without identified voucher specimens. Nest data for species other than D. pustulatus in the Coastal Plain revealed below-ground nests or structures immediately at the ground sui-face. Colonies of D. pustulatus in Florida and southern Georgia have arboreal nests in the cavities of smaller limbs of hardwoods about swamps and marshes. No ground nests have been found and the species may occur in compound nests with another arboreal ant, Camponotus (Colobopsis) impressus. These observations identify several questions for further study.
Tergissima Johnson and Femniterga Johnson, originally described from four sympatric south-central Andean species, are revised to include, respectively, four and nine South American species (of which six are previously undescribed). New combinations include Femniterga cissusa (Hewitson), F. cinniana (Hewitson) and F. plumans (Druce), all transferred from Thecla; new species include Tergissima montanensis and T. shargeli, and Femniterga itaituba, F. megana, F. splendida and F. strobilata. A lectotype is designated for Thecla cissusa. Femniterga and Tergissima are part of a largely undescribed eumaeine assemblage also including Calycopis Scudder and Calystryma Field.
This entirely new book is the first on the biology of beetles since Crowson's book, published in 1981 by Academic Press. This new work in some ways completes Crowson's, but in no way is it a useless repetition. The two books together give a good idea of the biology of this enormous order, here comprising more than 200 families. Paulian's classification is slightly, but not fundamentally, different from Crowson's. There are excellent chapters on endogeous, caverniculous, aquatic, coprophagous, termitophilous, and myrmecophilous beetles. Termitophilous beetles have already been treated well in Termitologia by Grasse (1986, Masson, Paris). Paulian is a well-known specialist on Scarabaeidae and those beetles are extensively reviewed, including the American species, from data published in the United States and Mexico. The larvae of beetles are also well covered. The book was printed in Hungary and we regret several misspellings, and the misuse of French accents here and there.
This is a remarkable new book which is certainly well above all that has been done up to now in this field. Moreover, it deals with a fauna on which we have very few biological data. One hundred nine beetle families are reviewed, from the curious Micromalthidae to the Curculionidae. Mrs. Costa showed me the proofs of the book in 1987 in Sao Paulo, and I had the opportunity then to admire the good quality and even perfection of the drawings.
Selected taxonomic characters of Apion species are redefined and explained including subcephalic ridge, sensory seta and macrochaeta. New species described are Apion (Trichapion) memnonmonum Kissinger, Black Mountains, North Carolina and Apion (Trichapion) nelsoni Kissinger from Davis Mts, Texas and Santa Rita Mts, Arizona. Supplemental descriptions or new records are given for the following species: Apion aequabile Fall, A. brunnicornis Fall, A. eccentricum Fall, A. minor Smith, A. punctulirostre Sharp and A. submetallicum Boheman. A statistical test is used to evaluate the importance of a character in defining species groups in the Apion subgenus Trichapion Wagner. Eighteen characters met this criterion and were used to define 12 species groups. A method is presented to evaluate membership in a species group. The inclusion probabilities for a list of 82 species is given for each of 12 species groups of Trichapion occurring in North and Central America.
(±)-Aeroplysinin-1, an optically active 1.2-dihydroarene-1.2-diol. was isolated from the marine sponges Verongia aerophoba (+-isomer) and lanthella ardis (--isomer). For the experiments presented we used the +-isomer from Verongia aerophoba. Here we describe the hitherto unknown biological and pharmacological property of this compound to display pronounced anticancer activity against L5178y mouse lymphoma cells (ED50: 0.5 μm). Friend erythroleukemia cells (ED50: 0.7μm) , human mamma carcinoma cells (ED50: 0.3μm) and human colon carcinoma cells (ED50: 3.0 μm) in vitro. Furthermore, aeroplysinin caused a preferential inhibition of [3H]thymidine (dThd) incorporation rates in L5178y mouse lymphoma cells if compared with murine spleen lymphocytes in vitro. At concentrations between 1.1 and 28.5 μm, the [3H]dThd incorporation rates in L5178y cells were suppressed to 28% -0% but only to 78% -18% in murine spleen lymphocytes. The same differential effect in vitro was found with the following epithelial cells: 14.70 μm of the compound were required to inhibit normal human fibroblasts to 50% , but only 2.9 μm in the assays with human malign keratinocytes or malignant melanoma cells to observe the same inhibitory effect. Moreover, aeroplysinin-1 displayed antileukemic activity in vivo using the L5178y cell/NMRI mouse system; administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg for five consecutive days, the T/C (% ) value was determined to be 338. Preliminary toxicology studies revealed an acute LD50 of 202 mg/kg and a subacute LD50 of 150 mg/kg. Aeroplysinin-1 is neither a direct mutagen nor a premutagen in the umu/Salmonella typhimurium test system.
It is by now a weIl-known topic in semantics that there are striking similarities between the meanings of nominal and verbal expressions, insofar as the mass:count distinction in the nominal domain is reflected in the atelic:telic distinction in the verbal domain (cf. Leisi 1953, Taylor 1977, Bach 1986, to cite just a few authors). However, these supposed similarities have not be made explicit in formal representations.
Since the mid-1970's, the question of whether or not a verb agreement system1 (VAS) should be reconstructed for Proto-Tibeto-Bunnan (PTB) has been a controversial topic, but because of the large amount of work published arguing in favor of reconstructing a VAS for PTB, especially by James J. Bauman (1974, 1975a, 1975b, 1979) and Scott DeLancey (1980, 1983, 1988, 1989, to appear), many people have begun to accept the existence of a VAS in PTB as received knowledge. In a recent paper on verb agreement systems in Tibeto-Burman, Scott DeLancey states that 'There can no longer be any serious doubt that a system of verb agreement must be attributed to Proto-Tibeto-Bunnan (PTB)' (DeLancey 1988: 1). Though the number of papers supporting this position is quite large, I would like to raise several serious doubts about the theoretical and methodological basis for reconstructing a VAS for PTB' and at the same time argue for the use of functionally and typologically based theories of grammar, as exemplified by the head-marking/dependent-marking distinction developed in Nichols 1986, in diachronic syntax and syntactic reconstruction.
Collisions of Si(14.5A GeV+Au are investigated in the relativistic-quantum-molecular-dynamics approach. The calculated pseudorapidity distributions for central collisions compare well with recent experimental data, indicating a large degree of nuclear stopping and thermalization. Nevertheless, nonequilibrium effects play an important role in such complex multihadron reactions: They lead to a strong enhancement of the total kaon production cross sections, in good agreement with the experimental data, without requiring the formation of a deconfined quark-gluon plasma.
Mansell (1983) described two new species and genera of Crocinae from Peru and Bolivia bringing the total number of South American species of this subfamily to five species. However, all five species occur well south of the equator. Recently the authors discovered a sixth species in northern Venezuela greatly extending the northern range of the family in South America. This new species belongs to the genus Moranida Mansell. Both adults and larvae were found and are described here with a key to the species of Crocinae of South America. We also found and reared Moranida peruviensis Mansell from Lambayeque, Peru, and provide this new record. This paper represents contribution No. 645 of the Bureau of Entomology.
A taxonomic study of the new world genus Dimarella has led to the recognition of 17 species, 9 of which are newly described. Three subgenera are recognized, one of which is described as new. Larvae are described for 11 species and biological data are given. Keys to adults and larvae are provided as well as photographs of larvae and taxonomic drawings. Distribution is summarized in maps.
The quantum molecular dynamic method is used to study multifragmentation and fragment flow and their dependence on in-medium cross sections, momentum dependent interactions, and the nuclear equation of state, for collisions of 197Au+197Au and 93Nb+93Nb in the bombarding energy regime from 100 to 800A MeV. Time and impact parameter dependence of the fragment formation and their implications for the conjectured liquid-vapor phase transition are investigated. We find that the inclusive fragment mass distribution is independent of the equation of state and exhibits a power-law behavior Y(A)∼A-τ with an exponent τ≊-2.3. True multifragmentation events are found in central collisions for energies Elab∼30–200 MeV/nucleon. The associated light fragment (d,t,α) to proton ratios increase with the multiplicity of charged particles and decrease with energy, in agreement with recent experiments. The calculated absolute charged particle multiplicities, the multiplicities of intermediate mass (A>4) fragments, and their respective rapidity distributions do compare well with recent 4π data, but are quite insensitive to the equation of state. On the other hand, these quantities depend sensitively on the nucleon-nucleon scattering cross section, and can be used to determine σ experimentally. The transverse momentum flow of the complex fragments increases with the stiffness of the equation of state. Reduced (in-medium) n-n scattering cross sections reduce the fragment flow. Momentum dependent interactions increase the fragment flow. It is shown that the measured fragment flow at 200A MeV can be reproduced in the model. We find that also the increase of the px/A values with the fragment mass is in agreement with experiments. The calculated fragment flow is too small as compared to the plastic ball data, if a soft equation of state with in-medium corrections (momentum dependent interactions plus reduced cross sections) is employed. An alternative, most intriguing resolution of the puzzle about the stiffness of the equation of state could be an increase of the scattering cross sections due to precritical scattering in the vicinity of a phase transition.
Total body water increases in pregnancy and while the uterus, placenta, fetus, and amniotic fluid constitute part of this increase, the largest component is in the extracellular water. Fat stores also increase and thus the distribution volumes of all drugs expand, but the major effect is seen in polar drugs which are confined to the extracellular space. Cardiac output and renal function also increase and elimination of polar drugs is acelerated. In contrast, the elimination of lipophilic drugs may be retarded, and the effect on intermediate drugs is variable. Polar drugs cross the placenta slowly and accumulate in amniotic fluid and therefore in the fetal gut lumen. Lipophilic drugs cross the placenta rapidly and their transplacental distribution is dependent on relative maternal and fetal affinity: this is determined largely by protein binding on either side of the placenta. The. fetus and neonate dispose of all drugs less rapidly than adults, the most efficient elimination processes being sulphate conjugation and renal excretion.
Shock discontinuities around the confinement-deconfinement transition in baryon-rich dense matter
(1989)
Parity mixing of electron states should be extremely strong for heliumlike uranium. We calculate its size and discuss whether it could be determined experimentally. We analyze one specific scheme for such an experiment. The required laser intensities for two-photon spectroscopy of the 23P0–2 1S0level splitting is of the order of 1017 W/cm2. A determination of parity mixing would require at least 1021 W/cm2.
The Stanford Project on Language Universals began its activities in October 1967 and brought them to an end in August 1976. Its directors were Joseph H. Greenberg and Charles A. Ferguson. The Cologne Project on Language Universals and Typology [with particular reference to functional aspects], abbreviated UNITYP, had its early beginnings in 1972, but deployed its full activities from 1976 onwards and is still operating. This writer, who is the principal investigator, had the privilege of collaborating with the Stanford Project during spring of 1976. […] One of the leading Greenbergian ideas is that of implicational generalizations, has been integrated as a fundamental principle in the construction of continua and of universal dimensions as proposed by UNITYP. It is hoped that the following considerations on numeral systems will be apt to bear witness to this situation. They would be unthinkable without Greenberg’s pioneering work on "Generalizations about numeral systems" (Greenberg 1978: 249 ff., henceforth referred to as Greenberg, NS). Further work on this domain and on other comparable domains almost inevitably leads one to the view that generalizations of the Greenberg type have a functional significance and that a dimensional framework is apt to bring this to the fore. This is the view on linguistic behaviour as being purposeful, and on language as a problem- solving device. The problem consists in the linguistic representation of cognitive-conceptual ideas. The solution is represented by the corresponding linguistic structures in their diversity and the task of the linguist consists in reconstructing the program and subprograms underlying the process of problem-solving. It is claimed that the construct of continua and of universal dimensions makes these programs intelligible.
The human mind may produce prototypization within virtually any realm of cognition and behavior. A "comparative prototype-typology" might prove to be an interesting field of study – perhaps a new subfield of semiotics. This, however, would presuppose a clear view on the samenesses and differences of prototypization in these various fields. It seems realistic for the time being that the linguist first confine himself to describing prototypization within the realm of language proper. The literature on prototypes has steadily grown in the past ten years or so. I confine myself to mentioning the volume on Noun Classes and Categorization, edited by C. Craig (1986), which contains a wealth of factual information on the subject, along with some theoretical vistas. By and large, however, linguistic prototype research is still basically in a taxonomic stage - which, of course, represents the precondition for moving beyond. The procedure is largely per ostensionem, and by accumulating examples of prototypes. We still lack a comprehensive prototype theory. The following pages are intended, not to provide such, a theory, but to do the first steps in this direction. Section 2 will feature some elements of a functional theory of prototypes. They have been developed by this author within the frame of the UNITYP model of research on language universals and typology. Section 3 will bring a discussion of prototypization with regard to selected phenomena of a wide range of levels of analysis: Phonology, morphosyntax, speech acts, and the lexicon. Prototypization will finally be studied within one of the universal dimensions, that of APPREHENSION - the linguistic representation of the concepts of objects – as proposed by Seiler (1986).
Hitherto the human rights debate in Africa has concentrated on the legal and philosophical. The author, Professor of Law at the University of Dar es Salaam, here moves the debate to the social and political planes. He attempts to reconceptualise human rights ideology from the standpoint of the working people in Africa. He defines the approach as avoiding the pitfalls of the liberal perspective as being absolutist in viewing human rights as a central question and the rights struggle as the backbone of democratic struggles. The author maintains that such a study cannot be politically neutral or intellectually uncommitted. Both the critique of dominant discourse and the reconceptualisation are located within the current social science and jurisprudential debates.
Phylogenetic analysis of structural features of adults shows that the tribe Peleciini comprises eight genera, grouped in two subtribes: the southeastern Australian Agonicina (new status), including Pseudagonica Moore, 1960 (type species P. nitida Moore, 1960) and Agonica Sloane, 1920 (type species A. simsoni Sloane, 1920); and the Inabresian Peleciina (new status, with Peleciini and Disphaericini of authors), including the Neotropical Eripus Dejean, 1829 (type species E. scydmaenoides Dejean, 1829), Pelecium Kirby, 1817 (type species P. cyanipes Kirby, 1817), and Stricteripus, new genus (type species Pelecium peruvianum Straneo, 1953), the Oriental Ardistomopsis, new genus (type species Disphaericus myrmex, Andrewes, 1923), and the Afrotropical Dyschiridium Chaudoir, 1861 (type species D. ebeninum Chaudoir, 1861) and Disphaericus Waterhouse, 1842 (type species D. gambianus Waterhouse, 1842). A key is provided to distinguish among these genera, and the structural features of each genus are described and illustrated, with habitus and SEM photographs. For the genera Eripus, Pelecium, Stricteripus, and Ardistomopsis, the species are keyed and characterized in terms of structural features and geographical distribution, and illustrations of habitus and range maps are provided. Application of names is based on study of type material.
All Seychelles and Mascarene taxa are discussed. Two subfamilies, eight tribes, and 28 genera are keyed. Xenoderes, new genus, is proposed for Homoeodera snelli Jordan, 1924. New generic synonyms are: Achoragus Jordan, 1914 (=Gomphides Jordan, 1936); Corynaecia Jordan, 1914 (=Megatermis Jordan, 1937). New specific synonym is: Phloeobius longicornis (Fabricius) (=Anthribus cervinus Klug). Additional keys are provided for six genera.
Treatment is provided for 224 species and subspecies in the genera Acherusia, Acmaeodera, Actenodes, Agaeocera, Agrilus, Anthaxia, Brachys, Buprestis, Chalcangium, Chrysobothris, Colobogaster, Cyphothorax, Dicerca, Dismorpha, Euchroma, Hiperantha, Hylaeogena, Leiopleura, Lius, Mixochlorus, Omochyseus, Pachyschelus, Polycesta, Psiloptera, Spectralia, Taphrocerus, Tetragonoschema, Thrincopyge, Trypantius and Tyndaris. Of these, 44 are recorded for the first time from Mexico and 175 represent new state records. Adult host and/or habitat information is provided, usually from the label data, for 93 of the taxa. Larval host records are indicated for Chrysobothris analis LeConte, C. capitata Gory and Laporte, C. multistigmosa (Mannerheim) and C. sallei Waterhouse. Acmaeodera sinaloensis Duges has been discovered to breed in bamboo. A major taxonomic character of C. multistigmosa is discussed.
The recent (1986) publication of “My Association with William Morton Wheeler” evidently stirred my latent autobiographical urge. It is quite reasonable that I should next apply it to William Steel Creighton, for he certainly ranks next to W. M. Wheeler among American myrmecologists. It will be quite different, however, because my actual association with Creighton was very brief twice a dinner guest in New York City and two visits in La Feria, Texas. Correspondence, however, is quite different. I received 45 letters from W. M. Wheeler between 1919 and 1936; the last was dated four months before his death. They dealt chiefly with our proposed treatise on ant larvae; only two ran over to the second page. From Creighton I received 81 letters between 1929 (while he was still a graduate student at Harvard) and 1973 (dated 12 days before his death). His early letters filled one page; the length increased gradually to three pages. The subject matter was chiefly practical taxonomy, but the wide variety of topics treated makes them just as interesting as when they were written.
In 1960 we published "Techniques for the study of ant larvae." We referred to it in 1976 and again in 1986. In the intervening years three authors have cited it and the quality of their drawings suggest they have benefited from our suggestions. The poor quality of most other recent drawings suggest they have not seen our article. Perhaps a 1960 reference is too old to be caught in latter-day "literature searches." Or, if the searcher did find it, he was unwilling to take the trouble to follow the recommended techniques. And troublesome they are, especially if one does not have readily available the required apparatus and chemicals.
This list of microscopic features for hardwood identification is the successor to the "Standard List of Characters Suitable For Computerized Hardwood Identification" published in 1981 (IAWA Bulletin n.s. 2: 99-145) with an explanation of the coding procedure by R.B. Miller. The 1981 publication greatly stimulated international exchange of information and experience on characters suitable for hardwood identification, and inspired considerable debate on the most desirable coding procedures and identification programs. Therefore, at the IA W A meeting during the XIV International Botanical Congress in Berlin, July 1987, it was decided to revise the 1981 standard list. Because of the continuing developments in computer technology and programming, it was agreed to limit the scope of the new list to definitions, explanatory commentary, and illustrations of wood anatomical descriptors, rather than concentrate on coding procedures. A new Committee was appointed by the IA W A Council to work towards the new list, and thanks to a substantial grant from the USDA Competitive Research Grants - Wood Utilization Program (Grant No. 88-33541-4081), a workshop was held by the Committee from October 2-7, 1988, in the Department of Wood & Paper Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA, under the joint auspices of IA WA and IUFRO Division S. A preliminary list was prepared during the workshop. IA W A members were invited to comment on this list, and these comments helped with the final preparation of the new list. The list presented here was agreed to after review of subsequent drafts and extensive internal consultation between committee members. Although this list has 163 anatomical and 58 miscellaneous features, it is not a complete list encompassing all the structural patterns that one can encounter in hardwoods. Instead it is intended to be a concise list of features useful for identification purposes. Also, the numbers assigned to each feature in the present list are not meant to be codes for a computer program, but are intended to serve for easy reference, and to help translate data from one program/database to another. Wood and wood cells are biological elements, formed in trees, shrubs, and climbers to fulfill a physiological or mechanical function. Although there is more discrete diversity in wood structure than in many other plant parts, there is also much continuous variation, and any attempt to classify this diversity into well-defined features has an artificial element. Yet we are confident that in the feature list presented here ambiguity of descriptors has been limited to a minimum, and we hope that all present and future colleagues engaged in wood identification and descriptive wood anatomy will find this list a valuable guide and reference.