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Much ado about nothing : a study of differential pricing and liquidity of short and long term bonds
(2018)
Are yields of long-maturity bonds distorted by demand pressure of clientele investors, regulatory effects, or default, flight-to-safety or liquidity premiums? Using data on German nominal bonds between 2005 and 2015, we study the differential pricing and liquidity of short and long maturity bonds. We find statistically significant, but economically negligible segmentation in yields and some degree of liquidity segmentation of short-term versus long-term bonds. These results have important policy implications for the e17.5 trillion European pension and insurance industries: long maturity bond yields seem appropriate for the valuation of long-term liabilities.
The results of this thesis lie in the area of convex algebraic geometry, which is the intersection of real algebraic geometry, convex geometry, and optimization.
We study sums of nonnegative circuit polynomials (SONC) and their related cone, both geometrically and in application to polynomial optimization. SONC polynomials are certain sparse polynomials having a special structure in terms of their Newton polytopes and supports, and serve as a certificate of nonnegativity for real polynomials, which is independent of sums of squares.
The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the convex geometric study of the SONC cone. As main results we show that the SONC cone is full-dimensional in the cone of nonnegative polynomials, we exactly determine the number of zeros of a nonnegative circuit polynomial, and we give a complete and explicit characterization of the number of zeros of SONC polynomials and forms. Moreover, we provide a first approach to the study of the exposed faces of the SONC cone and their dimensions.
In the second part of the thesis we use SONC polynomials to tackle constrained polynomial optimization problems (CPOPs).
As a first step, we derive a lower bound for the optimal value of CPOP based on SONC polynomials by using a single convex optimization program, which is a geometric program (GP) under certain assumptions. GPs are a special type of convex optimization problems and can be solved in polynomial time. We test the new method experimentally and provide examples comparing our new SONC/GP approach with Lasserre's relaxation, a common approach for tackling CPOPs, which approximates nonnegative polynomials via sums of squares and semidefinite programming (SDP). The new approach comes with the benefit that in practice GPs can be solved significantly faster than SDPs. Furthermore, increasing the degree of a given problem has almost no effect on the runtime of the new program, which is in sharp contrast to SDPs.
As a second step, we establish a hierarchy of efficiently computable lower bounds converging to the optimal value of CPOP based on SONC polynomials. For a given degree each bound is computable by a relative entropy program. This program is also a convex optimization program, which is more general than a geometric program, but still efficiently solvable via interior point methods.
Records of Odonata from Gunung Melatai, Nanga Gaat and the Kastima Logging area, all in Sarawak’s Kapit Division, are presented. The most notable records are of Matronoides cyaneipennis Förster, 1897 and Heliogomphus blandulus Lieftinck, 1929. A distribution map for Matronoides cyaneipennis and updated distribution maps for three species from the Coeliccia borneensisgroup are given. Tentative identifications to species of previously published records of Idionyx females are given. The genus Heliogomphus in Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore is reviewed and a simple one marker molecular analysis is presented for the genus in this region. Based on reexamination of specimens from the genus and the molecular results, an additional member of the genus is reported from Borneo: H. sp. cf olivaceus Lieftinck, 1961. Although both morphological and molecular results remain incomplete, it does appear likely that there is at least one more species of Heliogomphus present in Borneo than has been recognised until now, and that H. borneensis Lieftinck, 1964 may be a junior synonym of H. kelantanensis (Laidlaw, 1902).
Records of Odonata from the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary (LEWS) in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo are presented. Previous records of Odonata from LEWS are critically examined. One hundred and ten species have been recorded within the sanctuary, including three that have yet to be found outside (Drepanosticta adenani, Telosticta iban and "Elattoneura" mauros); records of four more species are regarded as in need of confirmation, those of another six are incorrect. In addition to the three species only known from LEWS, other notable records include: Drepanosticta sbong, Dysphaea lugens, Euphaea sp. cf basalis, Pericnemis kiautarum, Burmagomphus insularis, Gomphidia caesarea, Merogomphus species, Phaenandrogomphus safei, Macromia callisto and Idionyx montana. A fresh illustration of the anal appendages of Drepanosticta sbong in lateral view is provided to make up for inaccuracies in the original illustration. The taxonomy of Phaenandrogomphus safeii is briefly discussed. Zygonyx errans Lieftinck, 1953 is considered a subspecies of Z. ida not Z. iris Additional records from areas adjacent to LEWS are given in an appendix.
The Odonata found during work on the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Tropical Agriculture (BEFTA) Project in Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia are reported. Prior to the BEFTA project we are only aware of published records of 37 species of Odonata from Riau Province (these are listed in an appendix). Seventy five species have been recorded during the BEFTA project, including five that have not (Archibasis incisura, Archibasis rebeccae and Pseudagrion williamsoni), or not definitely (Argiocnemis species and Mortonagrion species cf aborense), been recorded in Sumatra before. Macromia dione is recorded for the first time since its description. The number of species now known from Riau Province is 88; 51 of these are reported from the province for the first time here.
Software
(2018)
Software regiert die Welt. Software hat die alte Unterscheidung von Geist und Materie - aufgemischt. Im engeren, in der und durch die Informatik terminologisch gewordenen Sinn meint der Begriff die Programme, die auf Universalrechenmaschinen (als der Hardware) zum Laufen gebracht werden können. Aber auch deren Bedienungsanleitungen wurden weiland dazu gezählt. Ebenso sind auch die gemäß den Befehlen der Programme verarbeiteten Daten und Adressen nicht Hard-, sondern Software. Die ganze heutige Bilderwelt im Web und auf den Milliarden Handys, alle gestreamte und downgeloadete Musik, nicht anders als dieser Text hier (bevor er in Druck gegangen sein wird): Alles ist Software. Und nichts ist Software. Weil ja auch jenseits der Schrift auf Papier, der Spur im Vinyl, des Granulats von Silbersalzen, kurzum: im sogenannten Digitalen nichts ohne die physikalisch-elektrischen Zustände der es prozessierenden Schaltkreise geht. Insofern gilt: Es gibt keine Software. Es gibt nur das Milliardengeschäft der Illusion, dass alles Software sei. Vielleicht könnte man sagen, dass 'Software' zu nichts anderem ge- und erfunden wurde, als um genau diese 'coincidentia oppositorum' von Alles und Nichts zu bezeichnen - oder hinter ihrer Bezeichnung zu verstecken. Beide Seiten machen jedenfalls erklärlich, dass es ein eigenes Wort für die Sache brauchte. Als Fremdwort außerhalb des englischen Sprachraums kann die einmal etablierte Vokabel, ebenso Unklarheiten mit sich führen, wie sie als 'terminus technicus' (im Englischen wie in anderen Sprachen) auch für das genaue Gegenteil, nämlich wissenschaftliche Präzision, einstehen kann.
Der interdisziplinäre Forschungsverbund "Grenze/n in nationalen und transnationalen Erinnerungskulturen zwischen Tschechien und Bayern" der Universitäten Regensburg und Passau, der Karls-Universität Prag, der J. E. Purkyně-Universität in Ústí nad Labem und des Adalbert Stifter Vereins in München widmet sich der/den Grenze/n, die in den nationalen und transnationalen Erinnerungskulturen konstruiert bzw. dekonstruiert werden. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt sich auch die grundsätzliche Frage nach der Wirkmächtigkeit der Grenze/n in den europäischen Erinnerungskulturen, die auf mehreren Ebenen als aktuell und dringlich erscheint.
Following the introduction of the one-child policy in China, the capital-labor (K/L) ratio of China increased relative to that of India, and, simultaneously, FDI inflows relative to GDP for China versus India declined. These observations are explained in the context of a simple neoclassical OLG paradigm. The adjustment mechanism works as follows: the reduction in the growth rate of the (urban) labor force due to the one-child policy permanently increases the capital per worker inherited from the previous generation. The resulting increase in China's (domestic K)/L thus "crowds out" the need for FDI in China relative to India. Our paper is a contribution to the nascent literature exploring demographic transitions and their effects on FDI flows.
The Neotropical fauna of Gyponini is very diverse and still poorly known. Many new species have characters that do not fit with the currently recognized genera, which makes it necessary to propose new ones. Herein, we propose two new Brazilian genera of Gyponini: Acuthana gen. nov., based on A. transgressa gen. et sp. nov. from the State of Mato Grosso, Central-West Brazil and Rectapona gen. nov. based on R. nigrifascia gen. et sp. nov. from the states of Paraná and São Paulo, South and Southeast Brazil, respectively. Diagnosis, detailed description and illustrations of male and female are provided for each taxon, as well as comparisons with closely related genera.
Kultur - Sprache - Gewalt
(2018)
Zum Verständnis der Gewalt dürfte der Versuch beitragen, einen prointuitiven, in der Natur der Sache begründeten Begriff zu konstruieren, dessen Wert in seinem erhöhten Erklärungspotenzial liegt. Im vorliegenden Text wird der Versuch vorgenommen, den Begriff "Gewalt" aus drei fundamentalen menschenkonstitutiven Faktoren abzuleiten, der es ermöglicht, die Gewalt aus der Sicht des Betroffenen systematisch zu beschreiben und erklären. In die Erörterungen werden Kultur und Sprache involviert und innerhalb von drei Subthemen - Interpretation und Gewalt, sprachliche Ordnung und Gewalt, soziale Interaktion und Gewalt - wird ihre Einbeziehung in die "Welt der Gewalt" aus besonderen Perspektiven ins Visier genommen.
Most of superconductors in a magnetic field are penetrated by a lattice of quantized flux vortices. In the presence of a transport current causing the vortices to cross sample edges, emission of electromagnetic waves is expected due to the continuity of tangential components of the fields at the surface. Yet, such a radiation has not been observed so far due to low radiated power levels and lacking coherence in the vortex motion. Here, we clearly evidence the emission of electromagnetic waves from vortices crossing the layers of a superconductor/insulator Mo/Si superlattice. The emission spectra consist of narrow harmonically related peaks which can be finely tuned in the GHz range by the dc bias current and, coarsely, by the in-plane magnetic field value. Our findings show that superconductor/insulator superlattices can act as dc-tunable microwave generators bridging the frequency gap between conventional radiofrequency oscillators and (sub-)terahertz generators relying upon the Josephson effect.
Unter dem Schlagwort "68er-Bewegung" werden verschiedene linksgerichtete Protestbewegungen, Bürgerrechtsdemonstrationen und antiautoritäre Aktionen zusammengefasst, die ab Mitte der 1960er in Deutschland und zahlreichen anderen Ländern stattfanden und auf eine Umwälzung bestehender sozialer und politischer Strukturen zielten. ...
This English/Shona edtion of How the Twins Grew Up brings authentic biographical stories of two twin brothers. The stories take place in their family circle, at school, at home or in the backyard. It is written as a realistic prose narrative with a humorous intonation, unexpected dramatic twists and interesting punch lines. The stories are short and concise, with effective endings and situations, full of laughter, caricature and absurdity. The book has been translated into 20 languages and has received several awards. For those who love humour and want to return to their childhood, these stories will come as a real refreshment and a unique artistic experience.
Patients with inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic heart failure (CHF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high rates of iron deficiency with adverse clinical consequences. Under normal circumstances, serum ferritin levels are a sensitive marker for iron status but ferritin is an acute-phase reactant that becomes elevated in response to inflammation, complicating the diagnosis. Proinflammatory cytokines also trigger an increase in hepcidin, which restricts uptake of dietary iron and promotes sequestration of iron by ferritin within storage sites. Patients with inflammatory conditions may thus have restricted availability of iron for erythropoiesis and other cell functions due to increased hepcidin expression, despite normal or high levels of serum ferritin. The standard threshold for iron deficiency (<30 μg/L) therefore does not apply and transferrin saturation (TSAT), a marker of iron availability, should also be assessed. A serum ferritin threshold of <100 μg/L or TSAT < 20% can be considered diagnostic for iron deficiency in CHF, CKD, and IBD. If serum ferritin is 100–300 μg/L, TSAT < 20% is required to confirm iron deficiency. Routine surveillance of serum ferritin and TSAT in these at-risk groups is advisable so that iron deficiency can be detected and managed.
The slow neutron capture process (s-process) is responsible for producing about half of the elemental abundances heavier than iron in the universe. Neutron capture cross sections on stable isotopes are a key nuclear physics input for s-process studies. The 72Ge(n, γ) cross section has an important influence on production of isotopes between Ge and Zr during s-process in massive stars and therefore experimental data are urgently required. 72Ge(n, γ) was measured at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF (CERN) for the first time at stellar energies. The measurement was performed using an enriched 72GeO2 sample at a flight path of 185m with a set of liquid scintillation detectors (C6D6). The motivation, experiment and current status of the data analysis are reported.
Auch im Fachbereich Rechtswissenschaft an der Goethe-Universität kam es 1968 zu heftigen Turbulenzen. Dabei zeigten die meisten jüngeren Professoren des Fachbereichs durchaus Verständnis für manche der studentischen Forderungen. Einige Reformansätze scheiterten, andere wurden erst durch feinere Nachjustierungen funktional.
Background: Bacterial meningitis is associated with high mortality and long-term neurological sequelae. Increasing the phagocytic activity of microglia could improve the resistance of the CNS against infections. We studied the influence of activin A, a member of the TGF-β family with known immunoregulatory and neuroprotective effects, on the functions of microglial cells in vitro.
Methods: Primary murine microglial cells were treated with activin A (0.13 ng/ml–13 μg/ml) alone or in combination with agonists of TLR2, 4, and 9. Phagocytosis of Escherichia coli K1 as well as release of TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1, and NO was assessed.
Results: Activin A dose-dependently enhanced the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli K1 by microglial cells activated by agonists of TLR2, 4, and 9 without further increasing NO and proinflammatory cytokine release. Cell viability of microglial cells was not affected by activin A.
Conclusions: Priming of microglial cells with activin A could increase the elimination of bacteria in bacterial CNS infections. This preventive strategy could improve the resistance of the brain to infections, particularly in elderly and immunocompromised patients.
Aberrant activation of hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been observed in a wide variety of tumors and accounts for more than 25% of human cancer deaths. Inhibitors targeting the Hh signal transducer Smoothened (SMO) are widely used and display a good initial efficacy in patients suffering from basal cell carcinoma (BCC); however, a large number of patients relapse. Though SMO mutations may explain acquired therapy resistance, a growing body of evidence suggests that the non-canonical, SMO-independent activation of the Hh pathway in BCC patients can also account for this adverse effect. In this review, we highlight the importance of glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) transcription factors (the main downstream effectors of the canonical and the non-canonical Hh cascade) and their putative role in the regulation of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Moreover, we discuss the contribution of the Hh signaling to malignant transformation and propose GLIs as central hubs in tumor signaling networks and thus attractive molecular targets in anti-cancer therapies.
According to a survey by the Institute for Management and Economic Research (manager seminars, September 2018), 41% or almost half of those respondents over 60, considered it unlikely that they would be affected by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the workplace. On the other hand, younger respondents more realistically estimated that significant AI-related changes would occur in their workplace within the next five years, not only in production and data analysis, but also in customer service and office practices across the board. ...
HUWE1 E3 ligase promotes PINK1/PARKIN-independent mitophagy by regulating AMBRA1 activation via IKKα
(2018)
The selective removal of undesired or damaged mitochondria by autophagy, known as mitophagy, is crucial for cellular homoeostasis, and prevents tumour diffusion, neurodegeneration and ageing. The pro-autophagic molecule AMBRA1 (autophagy/beclin-1 regulator-1) has been defined as a novel regulator of mitophagy in both PINK1/PARKIN-dependent and -independent systems. Here, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 as a key inducing factor in AMBRA1-mediated mitophagy, a process that takes place independently of the main mitophagy receptors. Furthermore, we show that mitophagy function of AMBRA1 is post-translationally controlled, upon HUWE1 activity, by a positive phosphorylation on its serine 1014. This modification is mediated by the IKKα kinase and induces structural changes in AMBRA1, thus promoting its interaction with LC3/GABARAP (mATG8) proteins and its mitophagic activity. Altogether, these results demonstrate that AMBRA1 regulates mitophagy through a novel pathway, in which HUWE1 and IKKα are key factors, shedding new lights on the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and homoeostasis in mammalian cells.
Asia and its Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is particularly vulnerable to environmental change, especially climate and land use changes further influenced by rapid population growth, high level of poverty and unsustainable development. Asia has been a hotspot of dengue fever and chikungunya mainly due to its dense human population, unplanned urbanization and poverty. In an urban cycle, dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes which are also competent vectors of Zika virus (ZIKV). Over the last decade, DENV and CHIKV transmissions by Ae. aegypti have extended to the Himalayan countries of Bhutan and Nepal and ZIKV could follow in the footsteps of these viruses in the HKH region. The already established distribution of human-biting Aedes mosquito vectors and a naïve population with lack of immunity against ZIKV places the HKH region at a higher risk of ZIKV. Some of the countries in the HKH region have already reported ZIKV cases. We have documented an increasing threat of ZIKV in Asia and its HKH region because of the high abundance and wide distribution of human-biting mosquito vectors, climate change, poverty, report of indigenous cases in the region, increasing numbers of imported cases and a naïve population with lack of immunity against ZIKV. An outbreak anywhere is potentially a threat everywhere. Therefore, in order to ensure international health security, all efforts to prevent, detect, and respond to ZIKV ought to be intensified now in Asia and its HKH region. To prepare for possible ZIKV outbreaks, Asia and the HKH region can also learn from the success stories and strategies adopted by other regions and countries in preventing ZIKV and associated complications. The future control strategies for DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV should be considered in tandem with the threat to human well-being that is posed by other emerging and re-emerging vector-borne and zoonotic diseases, and by the continuing urgent need to strengthen public primary healthcare systems in the region.
Trypanidius nocturnus Fisher, 1942 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Acanthocinini) is synonymized with Trypanidius insularis Fisher, 1925. Dorsal habitus photographs of the holotypes and paratypes, as well as male and females of specimens collected in Cuba, Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, are provided. Additionally, collecting data and a distributional map of Cuba are offered.
Charmonium production in heavy ion collisions is considered as an important diagnostic probe for studying the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter for potential phase transitions. The interpretation of existing data from the CERN SPS is hampered by a lack of knowledge on the properties of open charm particle production in the fireball. Moreover, open charm production in heavy ion collisions by itself is poorly understood. To overcome this obstacle, the NA61/SHINE was equipped with a Small Acceptance Vertex Detector (SAVD), which is predicted to make the experiment sensitive to open charm mesons produced in A-A collisions at the SPS top energy. This paper will introduce the concept and the hardware of the SAVD. Moreover, first running experience as obtained in a commissioning run with a 150 AGeV/c Pb+Pb collision system will be reported.
This paper investigates inertia within and across banks in retail deposit markets using detailed panel data on consumer choices and account characteristics. In a structural choice model, I find that costs of inertia are around one third higher for switching accounts across compared to switching within banks. Observable proxies of bank-level switching costs (number and type of additional financial products) explain most of this cost premium, while online banking usage reduces inertia. Consistent with theory, I provide evidence that banks incorporate inertia in their pricing as older accounts pay lower rates than comparable newer accounts. Counterfactual policies reducing inertia shift market share to more competitive smaller banks, but only eliminating inertia within banks already results in high potential gains in consumer surplus. This suggests that facilitating bank switching alone might be insufficient to improve consumer choices.
Editorial
(2018)
»Unter dem Pflaster liegt der Strand« oder »Die Phantasie an die Macht« – diese Slogans charakterisieren die ’68er-Bewegung, die kreativ, programmatisch und parolenreich ihre (gesamt)gesellschaftlichen Forderungen in die Öffentlichkeit trug. Nicht nur für die bundesrepublikanische Gesellschaft stellt das Jahr 1968 einen bedeutsamen Umbruch dar; vielmehr hat ’68 ebenso eine ost- wie westeuropäische und darüber hinausführende internationale Dimension. ’68 kann als Chiffre für Protestbewegungen (Kraushaar) verstanden werden, die in sehr unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Bereiche ausgestrahlt haben. Die damit einhergehende Politisierung führte zur kritischen Bestandsaufnahme und Infragestellung bestehender staatlicher und institutioneller Ordnungen, revolutionierte die Geschlechter- und Generationsverhältnisse und reichte weit hinein in den Alltag, das Familienleben und die individuellen Lebensstile. Auch Literatur und Medien wurden einer kritischen Revision unterzogen und neue Themen, Schreibweisen und Genres etabliert, Traditionslinien wurden aufgebrochen bzw. unter neuen Vorzeichen weitergeführt.
Diese Entwicklungen bestimmten auch die Kinder- und Jugendliteratur und ihre Medien in entscheidender Weise: inhaltlich beeinflusst durch die antiautoritären Diskurse, wie sie im Bildungs- und Erziehungswesen geführt wurden, und die Forderungen der Emanzipationsbewegung(en), thematisch und ästhetisch orientiert an den politischen und gesellschaftskritischen Fragestellungen, einem neuen Realitätsbezug verpflichtet. Die Kinder- und Jugendliteraturforschung hat diese Reformen als Paradigmenwechsel benannt und erforscht; neuere Untersuchungen beziehen aber erkennbar auch die Entwicklungen der späten 1950er und frühen 1960er Jahre mit ein und weisen darauf hin, dass die Veränderungen literarästhetisch, aber auch inhaltlich bereits sehr viel früher einsetzten.
50 Jahre nach dieser ›paradigmatischen‹ Zäsur nimmt der zweite Jahrgang des Jahrbuchs der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendliteraturforschung 2018 die Chiffre ’68 in den Blick, um historische wie gegenwärtige Dimensionen dieser Schnittstelle zu diskutieren. Die Aufsätze greifen die vielfältigen Implikationen dieses Themenkomplexes sowohl aus theoretischer wie gegenstandsorientierter Perspektive in seinen unterschiedlichen medialen Gestaltungsformen auf, stellen sie, dank der internationalen Beiträge, in europäische Kontexte und reflektieren ihre Bedeutung für die heutige Kinder- und Jugendkultur. Dabei wird erforschtes Terrain weiter ausgeleuchtet, werden neue Fragestellungen entwickelt sowie bekannte Positionen und Texte einer kritischen Re-Lektüre unterzogen.
Entsprechend der Konzeption des Jahrbuchs stehen über das Schwerpunktthema ’68 hinaus grundlegende kinder- und jugendmediale Fragestellungen aus historischer wie theoretischer Perspektive im Fokus. Zwei Beiträge stellen aktuelle Forschungszugänge und -perspektiven vor.
Rezensionen zur Fachliteratur schließen sich den zehn Beiträgen an. Insgesamt konnten, dank der großen Beteiligung der Mitglieder der GKJF, über 30 Titel gesichtet und besprochen werden.
Editorial
(2018)
»Under the pavement lies the beach« or »Power to the imagination« – these slogans characterise the movement of ’68, which publicised its social and political demands in a creative and programmatic fashion. The year 1968 not only marks a significant upheaval in what was then West Germany, it also has strong East and West European as well as international dimensions. ’68 can be understood as a cipher for protest movements which re-evaluated and challenged institutional structures, revolutionised gender and intergenerational relations and radiated into daily life, family life as well as individual lifestyles. Literature and the media, too, were subjected to critical revision, new formats and writing styles established, traditions either abandoned or continued within new paradigms.
Children’s literature and media were significantly shaped by these developments. Their contents were influenced by the anti-authoritarian discourse in education and by the demands of emancipation movements, their themes and aesthetics by politicised concerns and a new orientation towards sociopolitical reality. Children’s literature scholars have studied and identified ’68 as a paradigm shift. Recent studies, however, have also looked at developments in the late 1950s and early 1960s, pointing out that changes on the literary-aesthetic and content levels actually started much earlier.
Fifty years after this ›paradigmatic‹ caesura, the second volume of the Yearbook of the German Children’s Literature Research Society brings the cipher »’68« into focus to discuss historical and contemporary dimensions of this junction. Articles from a variety of European perspectives examine the manifold implications of this topic from theoretical and subject-oriented angles and in its different medial forms, and discuss these in the context of their significance for today’s children’s and young adult culture.
Beyond this focus theme, and in line with the concept of the Yearbook, two fundamental theoretical and historical articles on questions of children’s literature and media present current avenues and perspectives. And the ten articles are followed by book reviews. Thanks to the involvement of the members of the German Children’s Literature Research Society (GKJF), over 30 relevant publications from the past year are discussed in individual and collective book reviews.
New technologies and therapies designed to facilitate development of personalized treatments are rapidly emerging in the field of biomedicine. Strikingly, the goal of personalized medicine refined the concept of therapy by developing cell-based therapies, the so-called “living drugs”. Breakthrough advancements were achieved in this regard in the fields of gene therapy, cell therapy, tissue-engineered products and advanced therapeutic techniques. The Advanced Therapies in Healthcare symposium, organized by the Clinical Research Center Department of Sidra Medicine, in Doha, Qatar (October 2017), brought together world-renowned experts from the fields of oncology, hematology, immunology, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and stem cells to offer a comprehensive picture of the status of worldwide advanced therapies in both pre-clinical and clinical development, providing insights to the research phase, clinical data and regulatory aspects of these therapies. Highlights of the meeting are provided in this meeting report.
Potential causes of titanium particle and ion release in implant dentistry : a systematic review
(2018)
Implant surface characteristics, as well as physical and mechanical properties, are responsible for the positive interaction between the dental implant, the bone and the surrounding soft tissues. Unfortunately, the dental implant surface does not remain unaltered and changes over time during the life of the implant. If changes occur at the implant surface, mucositis and peri-implantitis processes could be initiated; implant osseointegration might be disrupted and bone resorption phenomena (osteolysis) may lead to implant loss. This systematic review compiled the information related to the potential sources of titanium particle and ions in implant dentistry. Research questions were structured in the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) framework. PICO questionnaires were developed and an exhaustive search was performed for all the relevant studies published between 1980 and 2018 involving titanium particles and ions related to implant dentistry procedures. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for the selection and inclusion of the manuscripts in this review. Titanium particle and ions are released during the implant bed preparation, during the implant insertion and during the implant decontamination. In addition, the implant surfaces and restorations are exposed to the saliva, bacteria and chemicals that can potentially dissolve the titanium oxide layer and, therefore, corrosion cycles can be initiated. Mechanical factors, the micro-gap and fluorides can also influence the proportion of metal particles and ions released from implants and restorations.
Wohl keine andere Zusammenarbeit zwischen einem Theaterpraktiker und einem Bühnenautor ist im deutschsprachigen Theater des 20. Jahrhunderts ähnlich kontinuierlich und fruchtbar verlaufen wie die zwischen Max Reinhardt und Hugo von Hofmannsthal. So eng verbunden ist ihr gemeinsames Wirken gewesen, dass sich kaum sagen lässt, ob Reinhardt die Theaterstücke und Stückbearbeitungen Hofmannsthals auf die Bühne gebracht hat oder ob besser, wie Wolfgang Nehring mit Blick auf "Elektra" und "Ödipus" formuliert, von "Hofmannsthals 'Erneuerung der Antike' für das Theater Max Reinhardts" die Rede sein sollte. Ihren Kulminationspunkt findet die Kooperation zweifellos in der Begründung der Salzburger Festspiele, an der Reinhardt und Hofmannsthal führend beteiligt waren. Wie weitreichend ihre Kooperation konzeptionell gewesen ist, ja wie sehr ihr Zusammenwirken als ein von einem gemeinsamen Leitgedanken durchdrungenes Projekt gesehen werden muss, das sich in seinen Wandlungen über die verschiedenen Werkphasen hinweg durchhält und fortentwickelt, wird vollends indes erst sichtbar, wenn man es in den Epochenzusammenhang einrückt, von dem Hofmannsthals und Reinhardts Projekt nicht nur bestimmt wurde, dessen Rahmen sie im Zuge ihrer Zusammenarbeit vielmehr wesentlich erst aufgespannt haben: denjenigen der Theatermoderne.
I present data that suggest the universal entailments of counterfactual donkey sentences aren’t as universal as some have claimed. I argue that this favors the strategy of attributing these entailments to a special property of the similarity ordering on worlds provided by some contexts, rather than to a semantically encoded sensitivity to assignment.
Katja Kröss hat sich ein Thema gewählt, das seit der bekannten Studie von Zvi Yavetz schon häufig behandelt wurde, aber nach wie vor von hoher Relevanz ist. Vor allem nachdem Egon Flaig das Konzept des Akzeptanzsystems eingeführt hat, demzufolge Heer, Senat und stadtrömische Plebs als sozialen Sektoren herrschaftsstützende Bedeutung zukam, ist die Frage, wie die Rolle gerade der Plebs sich gestaltete, eine interessante. Denn ist es vorstellbar, dass eine riesige und entsprechend in sich heterogene Menschengruppe einmütig und also homogen handelte? Um es an einem Beispiel festzumachen: Wie lässt sich erklären, dass laut Sueton die Plebs nach dem Tode Neros einerseits Filzhüte trug, um ihre Befreiung vom Joch dieses Kaisers zu demonstrieren, andererseits nach demselben Quellenzeugnis lange um den gestürzten Herrscher trauerte? Und wie ist dementsprechend die politische Rolle der Plebs zu beurteilen? Kröss greift damit ein Problem auf, das Martin Zimmermann – einer ihrer akademischen Lehrer – formuliert hat: die Revisionsbedürftigkeit des Akzeptanzsystems. ...
Seit Egon Flaigs bahnbrechender Habilitationsschrift "Den Kaiser herausfordern" wird der Prinzipat in weiten Teilen der (deutschsprachigen) Forschung als Akzeptanzsystem betrachtet. Demnach hing die Macht des Kaisers von der Erfüllung der Erwartungen relevanter Gesellschaftsgruppen ab. Eine dieser Gruppen war der Senat. Mit dem Akzeptanzsystem als methodischem Rüstzeug rückt meist das Verhältnis zwischen Kaiser und Senat, nicht der Senat als solcher in den Fokus. Wo aber der Senat zentraler Untersuchungsgegenstand ist, geht es mitunter sehr zentral um die Angehörigen des ordo senatorius. Beide Tendenzen unterläuft Simone Blochmann in ihrer Dissertation ganz gezielt, indem sie den Senat als Institution in den Blick nimmt. ...
This special issue of one of the leading German historical journals features case studies and a theoretical model to conceptualize multinormativity in the early modern period. The overarching concept that holds the contributions together is that of "normative competition" (Normenkonkurrenz), developed by Hillard von Thiessen. It offers a dynamic, interactive, and actor-centered approach to the co-existence of potentially conflicting normative orders in the early modern period. Von Thiessen draws attention to the manifold ways in which subjects consciously or unconsciously contribute to the shape and operation of norms. He offers an alternative to existing models that try to describe and explain normative change in the early modern period, such as Gerhard Oestreich’s model of "social discipline" (Sozialdisziplinierung) and Wolfgang Reinhard and Heinz Schilling’s model of"confessionalization" (Konfessionalisierung). In von Thiessen’s view, these models are inadequate. They are implicitly indebted to Max Weber’s paradigm of the gradual rationalization of Western civilization, and they assume a static opposition between norm-creating authorities and norm-receiving subjects. The models of "social discipline" and "confessionalization" start from the belief that citizens’ behavior gradually and homogeneously adapted to the norms laid down by the authorities. Recent historical scholarship has demonstrated that the top-down imposition of norms by state authorities and religious institutions often failed. A gap existed between the norms on the books and the norms in action, to the extent that daily life deviated from norms imposed by central authorities like the state or religious institutions in the first place. Von Thiessen, however, wants to avoid narratives of failure or success. Rather than starting from an antagonistic vision that pits institutional norm-producers against passive norm-receiving subjects, von Thiessen emphasizes the synergistic role played by all actors in the production and implementation of norms. ...
Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) is a well-known master regulator of hematopoietic lineages but its mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. Here, we found that RUNX1 localizes on active chromatin together with Far Upstream Binding Protein 1 (FUBP1) in human B-cell precursor lymphoblasts, and that both factors interact in the same transcriptional regulatory complex. RUNX1 and FUBP1 chromatin localization identified c-KIT as a common target gene. We characterized two regulatory regions, at +700 bp and +30 kb within the first intron of c-KIT, bound by both RUNX1 and FUBP1, and that present active histone marks. Based on these regions, we proposed a novel FUBP1 FUSE-like DNA-binding sequence on the +30 kb enhancer. We demonstrated that FUBP1 and RUNX1 cooperate for the regulation of the expression of the oncogene c-KIT. Notably, upregulation of c-KIT expression by FUBP1 and RUNX1 promotes cell proliferation and renders cells more resistant to the c-KIT inhibitor imatinib mesylate, a common therapeutic drug. These results reveal a new mechanism of action of RUNX1 that implicates FUBP1, as a facilitator, to trigger transcriptional regulation of c-KIT and to regulate cell proliferation. Deregulation of this regulatory mechanism may explain some oncogenic function of RUNX1 and FUBP1.
Für seinen Artikel »Beyond radicalism and resignation: the competing logics for public participation in policy decisions«, der 2017 in der Zeitschrift Policy & Politics erschienen ist, hat Dr. Rikki John Dean, wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl von Prof. Brigitte Geißel/Institut für Politikwissenschaft, den »Bleddyn Davies prize for the best Early Career paper published in 2017« erhalten. Der UniReport hatte die Gelegenheit, Dean einige Fragen zu seiner Forschung zu stellen.
The theory and practice of urban governance in recent years has undergone both a collaborative and participatory turn. The strong connection between collaboration and participation has meant that citizen participation in urban governance has been conceived in a very particular way: as varying levels of partnership between state actors and citizens. This over-focus on collaboration has led to: 1) a dearth of proposals in theory and practice for citizens to engage oppositionally with institutions; 2) the miscasting of agonistic opportunities for participation as forms of collaboration; 3) an inability to recognise the irruption of agonistic practices into participatory procedures. This article attempts to expand the conception of participatory urban governance by adapting Rosanvallon’s (2008) three democratic counter-powers—prevention, oversight and judgement—to consider options for institutionalising agonistic participatory practices. It argues that these counter-governance processes would more fully realise the inclusion agenda that underpins the participatory governance project.
Participatory policy making is a contested concept that can be understood in multiple ways. So how do those involved with participatory initiatives make sense of contrasting ideas of participation? What purposes and values do they associate with participatory governance? This paper reflects on a Q‐method study with a range of actors, from citizen activists to senior civil servants, involved with participatory initiatives in U.K. social policy. Using principal components analysis, supplemented with data from qualitative interviews, it identifies three shared participation preferences: participation as collective decision making, participation as knowledge transfer, and participation as agonism. These preferences demonstrate significant disagreements between the key informants, particularly concerning the objectives of participation, how much power should be afforded to the public, and what motivates people to participate. Their contrasting normative orientations are used to highlight how participatory governance theory and practice frequently fails to take seriously legitimate diversity in procedural preferences. Moreover, it is argued that, despite the diversity of preferences, there is a lack of imagination about how participation can function when social relations are conflictual.
Availability of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) exponentially increased over the last years. Risk evaluations of NPS are hampered by the lack of pharmacological studies in humans on health parameters. The aim of the present study was to evaluate safety and neurocognitive function of healthy volunteers (N = 12) who received single doses of 100 and 150 mg 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA), a phenethylamine that has been associated with severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. The study was set-up as a placebo controlled, within subject, phase 1 trial as it was the first to administer 4-FA to humans under controlled conditions. Overall, 4-FA produced a strong elevation in blood pressure up until 4-5 h after administration that was followed by a sustained increase in heart rate. After an interim review of safety data from five participants, a decision was taken to cancel administration of 150 mg. We subsequently obtained complete datasets for placebo and 100 mg 4-FA treatments only. Effects of 4-FA on mood and neurocognitive function were most distinct at 1 h post drug and included significant elevations of vigor, friendliness, elation, arousal, positive mood, as well as improvements in attention and motor performance. Negative affect was also reported as time progressed in the acute phase and even more so during the subacute phase. Overall, the influence of 4-FA on vital signs, mood, and neurocognition was similar to that observed with other stimulants. Present findings confirm clinical observations of acute toxicity among 4-FA users and warrant warnings about potential health risks associated with 4-FA use.
The study of the dynamics of a two-body system in modified gravity constitutes a more complex problem than in Newtonian gravity. Numerical methods are typically needed to solve the equations of geodesics. Despite the complexity of the problem, the study of a two-body system in f(R) gravity leads to a new exciting perspective hinting the right strategy to adopt in order to probe modified gravity. Our results point out some differences between the semiclassical (Newtonian) approach, and the relativistic (geodesic) one thus suggesting that the latter represents the best strategy for future tests of modified theories of gravity. Finally, we have also highlighted the capability of forthcoming observations to serve as smoking gun of modified gravity revealing a departure from GR or further reducing the parameter space of f(R) gravity.
The Noether Symmetry Approach can be used to construct spherically symmetric solutions in f(R) gravity. Specifically, the Noether conserved quantity is related to the gravitational mass and a gravitational radius that reduces to the Schwarzschild radius in the e limit f(R) → R. We show that it is possible to construct the relation for neutron stars depending on the Noether conserved quantity and the associated gravitational radius. This approach enables the recovery of extreme massive stars that could not be stable in the standard Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff based on General Relativity. Examples are given for some power law gravity models.
Tiwa (Tibeto-Burman; India) has two series of epistemic indefinites: one whose epistemic effects arise via an anti-singleton constraint similar to Spanish alg´un (Alonso-Ovalle and Men´endez-Benito, 2010), and another, wide-scope indefinite whose epistemic effects must be derived differently. I propose that for these latter indefinites, ignorance arises not through domain constraints, but as a result of their choice functional nature through competition with other indefinites. Tiwa’s wide scope indefinites then constitute a new kind of epistemic indefinite, showing that ignorance implicatures for indefinites can arise through different sorts of competition.
A growing body of literature shows the importance of financial literacy in households' financial decisions. However, fewer studies focus on understanding the determinants of financial literacy. Our paper fills this gap by analyzing a specific determinant, the educational system, to explain the heterogeneity in financial literacy scores across Germany. We suggest that the lower financial literacy observed in East Germany is partially caused by a different institutional framework experienced during the Cold War, more specifically, by the socialist educational system of the GDR which affected specific cohorts of individuals. By exploiting the unique set-up of the German reunification, we identify education as a channel through which institutions and financial literacy are related in the German context.
We used electron cryo-tomography and subtomogram averaging to investigate the structure of complex I and its supramolecular assemblies in the inner mitochondrial membrane of mammals, fungi, and plants. Tomographic volumes containing complex I were averaged at ∼4 nm resolution. Principal component analysis indicated that ∼60% of complex I formed a supercomplex with dimeric complex III, while ∼40% were not associated with other respiratory chain complexes. The mutual arrangement of complex I and III2 was essentially conserved in all supercomplexes investigated. In addition, up to two copies of monomeric complex IV were associated with the complex I1III2 assembly in bovine heart and the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, but their positions varied. No complex IV was detected in the respiratory supercomplex of the plant Asparagus officinalis. Instead, an ∼4.5-nm globular protein density was observed on the matrix side of the complex I membrane arm, which we assign to γ-carbonic anhydrase. Our results demonstrate that respiratory chain supercomplexes in situ have a conserved core of complex I and III2, but otherwise their stoichiometry and structure varies. The conserved features of supercomplex assemblies indicate an important role in respiratory electron transfer.
Traditionally, in deciding whether some strategy or action in war is proportionate and necessary and thus permissible both international law and just war theory focus exclusively on civilian deaths and the destruction of civilian infrastructure. I argue in this paper that any argument that can explain why we should care about collateral killing and damage to infrastructure can also explain why collateral displacement matters. I argue that displacement is a foreseeable near-proximate cause of lethal harm to civilians and is relevant for proportionality and necessity calculi. Accepting my argument has significant consequences for what we are permitted to do in war and for what obligations we have towards refugees that result from our actions in war.
Der Begriff und das Thema einer "Fröhlichen Wissenschaft" sind bei Nietzsche paradox, kämpft der Philosoph doch in vielen seiner Texte gegen die Wissenschaft. Denn dem Begehren nach Wissen haftet etwas Reaktives und somit Trauriges an. Wie wird nun eine Leserin Freuds diese Ambiguität verstehen, wenn sie sie ins Verhältnis mit der doppelseitigen und komplexen Verbindung von Todestrieb und sexuellem Trieb setzt?
We present a 360∘ (i.e., 4π steradian) general-relativistic ray-tracing and radiative transfer calculations of accreting supermassive black holes. We perform state-of-the-art three-dimensional general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations using the BHAC code, subsequently post-processing this data with the radiative transfer code RAPTOR. All relativistic and general-relativistic effects, such as Doppler boosting and gravitational redshift, as well as geometrical effects due to the local gravitational field and the observer’s changing position and state of motion, are therefore calculated self-consistently. Synthetic images at four astronomically-relevant observing frequencies are generated from the perspective of an observer with a full 360∘ view inside the accretion flow, who is advected with the flow as it evolves. As an example we calculated images based on recent best-fit models of observations of Sagittarius A*. These images are combined to generate a complete 360∘ Virtual Reality movie of the surrounding environment of the black hole and its event horizon. Our approach also enables the calculation of the local luminosity received at a given fluid element in the accretion flow, providing important applications in, e.g., radiation feedback calculations onto black hole accretion flows. In addition to scientific applications, the 360∘ Virtual Reality movies we present also represent a new medium through which to interactively communicate black hole physics to a wider audience, serving as a powerful educational tool.
This paper provides descriptions of Calcigorgia gorgonians collected from the Sea of Okhotsk and shores of the Kurile Islands between 3 Aug. 1984 and 20 Aug. 1987. New species described are the deep-water gorgonians Calcigorgia matua sp. nov. and C. simushiri sp. nov., belonging to the temperate fauna of the North Pacific hemisphere. Specimens belonging to all species of the genus were examined and the distinctive characters for each one are provided and summarized in a table. A modified diagnosis of the genus is proposed. The finding of a previously undescribed species emphasizes the need of further surveys, particularly in shelf and deeper waters, in order to improve our knowledge of this neglected fauna in Far East seas.
Colonia Actia Nicopolis : Überlegungen anläßlich der Neuedition von CIL III 7334 in CIPh I 1, 78
(2018)
Der marmorne Inschriftenstein des Decimus Furius Octavius ist (CIL III 7334 = ILS 2080) seit langem bekannt. Bei der editio princeps von 1888 handelt es sich um einen Rekonstruktionsversuch P.-F. Foucarts anhand einer fehlerhaften Abschrift des Textes durch A. Kontoleon, der die Inschrift εν ταις υπωρείαις του Παγγαίου όρους, παρά την Ηδωνίδα της Μακεδονίας (am Fuß des Pangaion-Gebirges, beim makedonischen Idonia) gefunden hat. R. Cagnat hat im Jahr darauf einige Verbesserungen vorgeschlagen. M. Dimitsas hat den Text Foucarts und größtenteils auch dessen Kommentare in sein Corpus der makedonischen Inschriften übernommen. Im CIL von 1902 hat Th. Mommsen, weiterhin ohne Autopsie oder Abklatsch, einige weitere Konjekturen vorgenommen. Die Inschrift wird hier Serres zugewiesen, ein Fehler, der sich in fast allen folgenden wissenschaftlichen Beiträgen zur Inschrift wiederfindet. Ebenso wird im CIL suggeriert, der Text könne nach Z. 16, die in allen bisherigen Publikationen die letzte war, nach unten beliebig erweitert werden. Tatsächlich ist lediglich noch für eine Zeile Platz vorhanden, bevor der etwas erhabene Rand des Inschriftenfeldes und das untere Abschlußprofil anschließen, die auch nach dem Verlust der linken unteren Ecke weiterhin zu sehen waren. A. Salač hatte den Stein im Jahr 1921 noch in situ gesehen, allerdings fehlte zu dieser Zeit schon die linke untere Ecke. Wiederentdeckt wurde er in den späten 1960er Jahren von Ch. Koukouli. ...
Target-specific treatment modalities are currently not available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and acquired chemotherapy resistance is a primary obstacle for the treatment of these tumors. Here we employed derivatives of BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell lines that were adapted to grow in the presence of either 5-Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin or Docetaxel in an aim to identify molecular pathways involved in the adaptation to drug-induced cell killing. All six drug-adapted BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines displayed cross resistance to chemotherapy and decreased apoptosis sensitivity. Expression of the anti-apoptotic co-chaperone BAG3 was notably enhanced in two thirds (4/6) of the six resistant lines simultaneously with higher expression of HSP70 in comparison to parental controls. Doxorubicin-resistant BT-549 (BT-549rDOX20) and 5-Fluorouracil-resistant MDA-MB-468 (MDA-MB-468r5-FU2000) cells were chosen for further analysis with the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 and lentiviral depletion of ATG5, indicating that enhanced cytoprotective autophagy partially contributes to increased drug resistance and cell survival. Stable lentiviral BAG3 depletion was associated with a robust down-regulation of Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, restoration of drug-induced apoptosis and reduced cell adhesion in these cells, and these death-sensitizing effects could be mimicked with the BAG3/Hsp70 interaction inhibitor YM-1 and by KRIBB11, a selective transcriptional inhibitor of HSF-1. Furthermore, BAG3 depletion was able to revert the EMT-like transcriptional changes observed in BT-549rDOX20 and MDA-MB-468r5-FU2000 cells. In summary, genetic and pharmacological interference with BAG3 is capable to resensitize TNBC cells to treatment, underscoring its relevance for cell death resistance and as a target to overcome therapy resistance of breast cancer.
Chemotherapy and diffuse low-grade gliomas : a survey within the European Low-Grade Glioma Network
(2018)
Background: Diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) are rare and incurable tumors. Whereas maximal safe, functional-based surgical resection is the first-line treatment, the timing and choice of further treatments (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or combined treatments) remain controversial.
Methods: An online survey on the management of DLGG patients was sent to 28 expert centers from the European Low-Grade Glioma Network (ELGGN) in May 2015. It contained 40 specific questions addressing the modalities of use of chemotherapy in these patients.
Results: The survey demonstrated a significant heterogeneity in practice regarding the initial management of DLGG patients and the use of chemotherapy. Interestingly, radiation therapy combined with the procarbazine, CCNU (lomustine), and vincristine regimen has not imposed itself as the gold-standard treatment after surgery, despite the results of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9802 study. Temozolomide is largely used as first-line treatment after surgical resection for high-risk DLGG patients, or at progression.
Conclusions: The heterogeneity in the management of patients with DLGG demonstrates that many questions regarding the postoperative strategy and the use of chemotherapy remain unanswered. Our survey reveals a high recruitment potential within the ELGGN for retrospective or prospective studies to generate new data regarding these issues.
In the 'Golden Age of Antibiotics', between 1940 and 1970, the global pharmaceutical companies discovered many antibiotics, such as cephalosporins, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, etc., as well as antifungal and antiparisitic agents. Due to several reasons, e.g. the steady re-discovery of already known NPs and the associated high costs, many pharmaceutical companies have significantly scaled back or totally abandoned their NP discovery programs since the late 20th century. Instead those companies started to focus on drug discovery based on combinatorial synthesis and thereby on the creation of enormous synthetic libraries containing small molecules. Unfortunately, this synthetic approach dealing with the optimization of existing NP or antibiotic has its limitations. As a result, leading pharmaceutical companies are re-conducting NPs research to discover new antimicrobials for the upcoming antimicrobial resistance threat. The Natural Product Center of Excellence, a collaboration between Sanofi-Aventis and Fraunhofer IME, is advancing in this context the discovery and development of novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infectious diseases through the testing of Sanofi's microbial extract library and strain collection. The aim of the present PhD thesis was the discovery and isolation of novel antimicrobial compounds with improved activities and/or novel MOAs as potential lead compound for a further drug discovery.
In den zahlreichen Beiträgen zum "Jubeljahr der 1968er-Bewegung" kommen oft ehemalige Aktive, Historikerinnen und Experten zu Wort. Doch wie blicken eigentlich Aktivistinnen und Aktivisten des 21. Jahrhunderts auf diese Zeit zurück? Dieser Frage hat sich ein zweijähriges Forschungsprojekt am Institut für Politikwissenschaft der Goethe-Universität gewidmet.
El testamento representa uno de los géneros de fuente archivística más ricos para el desarrollo de diversos temas de investigación en la época colonial hispanoamericana. Durante mucho tiempo la historia política, legal y social de las Indias solía tener en cuenta testamentos de individuos o grupos particulares, pero por lo general se trataba de españoles. Salvo algunas excepciones, como en el caso de ciertos miembros de la nobleza indígena, no había estudios etnohistóricos sobre los documentos de última voluntad referidos a la población autóctona. Sólo a partir de la década de 1980, comenzaron a ser trabajadas de una manera más sistemática este tipo de fuentes por parte de algunos investigadores mesoamericanistas. Gracias, en particular, al interés lingüístico de la »New Philology« en este tipo de textos, a menudo redactados en náhuatl u otros idiomas prehispánicos (maya, mixteco), se han venido preparando ediciones críticas de un gran número de testamentos procedentes del México central. En los Andes coloniales, por el contrario, los escribanos registraron testamentos en castellano y no en idiomas indígenas (como quechua, aymara o guaraní). Aunque historiadores del virreinato peruano también analizaron y transcribieron testamentos indígenas en algunos de sus estudios, durante el siglo XX no se publicaron ediciones similares. ...
Die Hugo von Hofmannsthal-Gesellschaft wurde 1968 in Frankfurt am Main gegründet. Das ist eine merkwürdige, geradezu paradoxe Koinzidenz. Zu Frankfurt 1968 drängen sich andere Assoziationen auf als die Gründung einer literarischen Gesellschaft, noch dazu für einen Schriftsteller, der in den Augen der im Sommer 68 protestierenden Studierenden als dekadenter Ästhet oder als konservativer Kulturkritiker verdächtigt wurde. Wie kam es in dieser politisch bewegten, aber literarisch dürftigen Zeit zu dieser Gründung? Im Folgenden sollen ein paar Momentaufnahmen der Gründungsszenerie festgehalten werden.
Im Spätsommer vergangenen Jahres wurde vom Deutschen Seminar der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt aus ein "Rundbrief an die Freunde der Dichtung Hugo von Hofmannsthals" versandt. Er erreichte etwa achthundert Interessenten des Planes, die uns Freunde und Kenner der Hofmannsthal-Forschung im In- und Ausland vermittelt hatten. Der Aktion war ein unerwarteter Erfolg beschieden: Im Laufe des Herbstes und Winters 1967/68 erklärte rund ein Viertel der Empfänger seine Bereitschaft, der zu gründenden Gesellschaft beizutreten.
So steht es im ersten Heft der Hofmannsthal-Blätter vom Herbst 1968. Hinter den passivischen Formulierungen verbirgt sich eine enorme Aktivität.
Die erste überlieferte Erwähnung des Heidelberger Indologen Heinrich Zimmer im Dunstkreis der Hofmannthals ist wohl ein Brief der 25-jährigen Christiane von Hofmannsthal an ihren Freund Thankmar von Münchhausen vom 4. Dezember 1927:
Ich bin sehr gerne in Hbg, bin der Liebling meiner Lehrer und so brav, old boy, Du kannst Dirs nicht vorstellen, lerne außerdem Sanskrit weil ich einen Flirt mit dem Indologen habe, (sans conséquences)[.]
Heinrich Zimmer (1890-1943), Sohn eines Professors für Indogermanische Sprachwissenschaft und Sanskrit, hatte in Berlin Germanistik, vergleichende Sprachwissenschaften und Sanskrit studiert und war in Heidelberg zunächst Privatdozent und ab 1926 außerordentlicher Professor für Indologie. Schon 1924, noch in Unkenntnis der künftigen Verwandtschaft, hatte er einen Aufsatz über Hofmannsthals "Weißen Fächer" geschrieben, den er später spöttisch als "recht findefroh-spießig, aber arglos gemeint" bezeichnete. Als Vertreter einer kulturwissenschaftlichen, über den Tellerrand der Sprachwissenschaft hinausschauenden Ausrichtung seines Fachs hatte er es schwer, in der positivistischen Hochschullandschaft der Indologie einen Lehrstuhl zu erhalten, pflegte aber viele wissenschaftliche Kontakte mit Vertretern anderer Fächer, so auch mit Carl Gustav Jung und dem Kreis um die ERANOS-Tagungen in Ascona.
The Siriella brevicaudata species group from the West Indo-Pacific, defined and designated by Murano & Fukuoka (2008), previously contained five nominal species. In this study we describe five new species in the brevicaudata group: S. bassi sp. nov. from the Bass Strait, southern Australia, S. occulta sp. nov. from the Arabian Gulf, S. muranoi sp. nov. from the coast of Northern Territory, Australia, S. tabaniocula sp. nov. from Ningaloo Reef of Western Australia and Lodestone Reef off Queensland, and S. talbotae sp. nov. from Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia. Furthermore, Siriella hanseni W.M. Tattersall, 1922 from India and S. vincenti W.M. Tattersall, 1927 from South Australia are redescribed based on re-examination of their type material. A re-examination of specimens subsequently attributed to these two species from other geographical regions showed that these were misidentifications, partly representing three of the new species described herein. Siriella gibbosa (Ledoyer, 1970), which was previously synonymized with S. brevicaudata Paulson, 1875 by Bačescu, is revalidated and included within the brevicaudata group. Siriella lacertilis Talbot, 2009, from Lizard Island, is placed within the brevicaudata group. Diagnostic features for all the members of the group and the group itself are updated. As a result of the present study, the brevicaudata group now comprises 12 valid species.
Chamomile, parsley, and celery represent major botanical sources of apigenin, a well-known flavone with chemopreventive properties. The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of methanol extracts obtained from chamomile, parsley, and celery collected from Romania, as well as the biological activity against A375 human melanoma and human dendritic cells. Results have shown that all three extracts are rich in polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids, and they generate a radical scavenger capacity, iron chelation potential, as well as lipoxygenase inhibition capacity. Chamomile and celery extracts present weak antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties in the set experimental conditions, while parsley extract draws out significant pro-apoptotic potential against A375 human melanoma cells. Parsley and chamomile extracts affected the fibroblast-like morphology of the screened tumor cell line. On the other hand, chamomile and celery extracts abrogated the expansion of LPS-activated dendritic cells, while the metabolic activity was attenuated by stimulation with celery extract; chamomile and parsley extracts had no effect upon this parameter. Chamomile and parsley extracts incubation with naive dendritic cells did not trigger cytokine secretion (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10), but celery extract stimulation significantly reduced the anti-inflammatory, cytokine IL-10.
This study explores four German nominalization patterns (-ung; -erei; Ge- -X-e; nominalized infinitives) using corpus and web data. We conclude that they can be considered a word formation paradigm, as some functions depend on paradigmatic oppositions. Our case study supports gradual differences between inflectional and word formation paradigmaticity.
Über kaum einen Gegenstand wissen wir so wenig wie über die Wirklichkeit des juristischen Denkens. Am besten sind wir noch – dank Richard Posner ("How Judges Think" – Cambridge, MA/London 2008) und anderer (überwiegend) anglo-amerikanischer Autoren – über die Untiefen und Irrläufe richterlicher Entscheidungsfindung informiert. Rechtswissenschaft und Rechtspolitik werden hingegen nach wie vor nur selten in kognitiven Kategorien vermessen. ...
Interest in time-resolved connectivity in fMRI has grown rapidly in recent years. The most widely used technique for studying connectivity changes over time utilizes a sliding windows approach. There has been some debate about the utility of shorter versus longer windows, the use of fixed versus adaptive windows, as well as whether observed resting state dynamics during wakefulness may be predominantly due to changes in sleep state and subject head motion. In this work we use an independent component analysis (ICA)-based pipeline applied to concurrent EEG/fMRI data collected during wakefulness and various sleep stages and show: 1) connectivity states obtained from clustering sliding windowed correlations of resting state functional network time courses well classify the sleep states obtained from EEG data, 2) using shorter sliding windows instead of longer non-overlapping windows improves the ability to capture transition dynamics even at windows as short as 30 seconds, 3) motion appears to be mostly associated with one of the states rather than spread across all of them 4) a fixed tapered sliding window approach outperforms an adaptive dynamic conditional correlation approach, and 5) consistent with prior EEG/fMRI work, we identify evidence of multiple states within the wakeful condition which are able to be classified with high accuracy. Classification of wakeful only states suggest the presence of time-varying changes in connectivity in fMRI data beyond sleep state or motion. Results also inform about advantageous technical choices, and the identification of different clusters within wakefulness that are separable suggest further studies in this direction.
A new species of the Afrotropical genus Genaemirum Heinrich, 1936 is described from a single female specimen from Guinea and compared to the closest species, G. rhinoceros Heinrich, 1967. Genaemirum filipazzii sp. nov. also provides the first record of the genus for West Africa. An updated key to the species is included.
Anfang April 1884 entdeckte Freud im "Centralblatt für die medicinischen Wissenschaften" eine Rezension zu einem kurzen Aufsatz Theodor Aschenbrandts. Aschenbrandts Artikel war vier Monate zuvor in der "Deutschen Medicinischen Wochenschrift" erschienen und stellte einen in Europa noch weitgehend unbekannten Wirkstoff vor, an dessen Erforschung nun Sigmund Freud erhebliche Zukunftshoffnungen knüpfte.
Aschenbrandt hatte in seiner Studie vom 12. Dezember 1883 in der "Medicinischen Wochenschrift" während einer Waffenübung eines bayerischen Armeekorps den Soldaten Kokain verabreicht und dabei eine beträchtliche Erhöhung der Leistungsfähigkeit, insbesondere der Marschfähigkeit unter erschwerten Bedingungen, sowie länger ausbleibende Erschöpfung durch Nahrungs- und Schlafentzug festgestellt. Das weckte das Interesse Freuds, der 1884 als schlecht bezahlter Assistenzarzt des Wiener Allgemeinen Krankenhauses ein verstärktes Interesse daran hatte, sich durch wissenschaftliche Forschungen einen Namen zu machen
The main sources for the discussion of the category “relation” were Aristotle’s Categories and Metaphysics. Before their translation into Arabic in the 8th and 9th centuries, Christian theologians and in their footsteps Syriac scholars considered Aristotle’s works to be a useful tool in Christological discussions. This article analyzes the category of relation and its development in Arabic-Islamic philosophy in authors such as Kindī and his student Aḥmad Ibn aṭ-Ṭayyib as-Saraḫsī, Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, Ghazālī, Ibn Rušd, the Sufi Ibn ʿArabī and others.
A Person My Colour
(2018)
If you are tired of hearing about 'whiteness', and if you think racism exists in the hearts of evil others, or you believe that having a black friend unshackles you from racism's hold, I dare you to read this book. Martina Dahlmanns, the daughter of parents who grew up in the shadow of post-war Germany, an adoptive mother of children who are black, and a member of a dialogue group of black and white women, urgently questions the very depths of what it means to be white in South Africa today. Her deeply personal memoir is unsettling because of what it reveals simultaneously about the enduring impact of inherited privilege and the repercussions of disadvantage. Her book is unsettling, precisely because of what it reveals simultaneously about the enduring impact of inherited privilege and the repercussions of disadvantage. But it is Dahlmanns' dialogue with Tumi Jonas--whose own reflections appear in the last section of the book--that reveals so much of what's possible, yet potentially destructive, in relationships between black and white South Africans today.
Rule is commonly conceptualized with reference to the compliance it invokes. In this article, we propose a conception of rule via the practice of resistance instead. In contrast to liberal approaches, we stress the possibility of illegitimate rule, and, as opposed to critical approaches, the possibility of legitimate authority. In the international realm, forms of rule and the changes they undergo can thus be reconstructed in terms of the resistance they provoke. To this end, we distinguish between two types of resistance—opposition and dissidence—in order to demonstrate how resistance and rule imply each other. We draw on two case studies of resistance in and to international institutions to illustrate the relationship between rule and resistance and close with a discussion of the normative implications of such a conceptualization.
Die Verknüpfung des Fahrrades mit dem Öffentlichen Verkehr (ÖV) kann den Umweltverbund stärken, den Übergang von einem Verkehrssystem auf das andere erleichtern und eine attraktive Alternative zum motorisierten Individualverkehr schaffen. Die vorliegende Arbeit repräsentiert den zweiten umfassenden Projektbericht innerhalb des Forschungsprojektes „Verbesserte Integration des Fahrrads in den öffentlichen Verkehr – Systematische Erschließung von Handlungsoptionen und Bewertung von Best-Practices“. Im ersten Projektbericht (ebenfalls in dieser Arbeitspapierreihe erschienen – Nr. 15) wurden die Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre in den infrastrukturellen Themenfeldern Fahrradmitnahme, Fahrradverleihsysteme und Fahrradabstellanlagen aufgearbeitet und Fragen zu Kommunikation und Marketing der Angebote sowie zu Möglichkeiten der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung zur verbesserten Integration von Fahrrad und Öffentlichem Verkehr diskutiert. Darauf aufbauend werden im vorliegenden Bericht die Ergebnisse vertiefender Fallstudien dargestellt, mit dem Ziel, Erfolgsfaktoren und Hemmnisse für die Integration von Fahrrad mit Öffentlichem Verkehr aufzuzeigen und in einem späteren Schritt daraus Handlungsempfehlungen zur Stärkung dieser Integration für Kommunen und Verkehrsanbieter geben zu können. Für die Fallstudien wurden solche Beispiele ausgewählt, die einen Vorbildcharakter haben und als nachahmenswert für andere Städte und Regionen gelten können bzw. aus denen sich Erkenntnisse für die Stärkung der Integration von Fahrradverkehr mit dem ÖV ziehen lassen. Zudem sollten die verschiedenen infrastrukturellen Themenfelder abgedeckt sein. Neben einer Darstellung der jeweils fallspezifischen Besonderheiten wird zu jedem Fallbeispiel das Betreiber- und Geschäftsmodell dargestellt und es erfolgt eine Bewertung, die sowohl die Sicht der Betreiber als auch die der Nutzenden beachtet.
Folgende Fallbeispiele werden behandelt:
Die hessischen Verkehrsverbünde Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV) und Nordhessischer Verkehrsverbund (NVV) bieten eine kosten- und sperrzeitfreie Mitnahmeregelung für Fahrräder an.
Das MVGmeinRad Mainz ist als Fahrradverleihsystem ein Teil des kommunalen ÖPNV-Unternehmens.
Zu den Fahrradabstellanlagen an Bahnhöfen wurden in der Fallstudie drei unterschiedlich große Anlagen einbezogen: Dein Radschloss des Verkehrsverbundes Rhein-Ruhr (VRR) für kleine, das Radhaus Offenburg für mittelgroße und die Radstation Düsseldorf für große Standorte.
München wurde schließlich für eine kommunale Strategie zur verbesserten Verknüpfung von Fahrrad und Öffentlichem Verkehr ausgewählt, da dort eine Vielzahl von Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der Fahrradmobilität sichtbar sind.
August Brücher, 1888–1967
(2018)
August Brücher ist in den Jahren des Ersten Weltkriegs und der Weimarer Republik als Übersetzer aus dem Französischen hervorgetreten. Da seine Texte überwiegend in Zeitungen und Zeitschriften veröffentlicht wurden, erlangte er nicht die Bekanntheit anderer zeitgenössischer Übersetzer. Gerade diese Nebenrolle im Literaturbetrieb macht die Beschäftigung mit seinem Leben und Werk zu einer interessanten Aufgabe.
Obwohl de facto nur bestimmte Einzelpersonen davon betroffen waren, sind die Auswirkungen der Zensur bzw. einer rigideren oder liberaleren Handhabung derselben als gesamtgesellschaftliches Phänomen zu konstatieren,
zeitigt doch eine strikte Anwendung wie im preußischen Einflussgebiet jener Zeit ein latentes Klima der Angst vor Unterdrückung und Denunziation. Die permanente Verletzung eines fundamentalen Menschenrechts durch die Zensur wird [...] getragen von einer Bevölkerung, die in einem rückwärtsgewandten Traumzustand verharrt und sich lieber nationalen Mythen (die Fertigstellung des Kölner Doms, Barbarossa in den Tiefen des Kyffhäuser, der Rhein als der sagenumwobene Strom der Deutschen) hingibt, als für ihre Freiheit zu kämpfen. Als politisch denkender Mensch und als Jurist, wie man ergänzen sollte, musste Heines Bilanz im Jahr 1843 wohl resignativ ausfallen, [...].
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons. Due to Confinement, at lower energies quarks and gluons are bound into colorless states called hadrons. QCD is also asymptotically free, i.e. at large energies or densities it enters a deconfined state, termed quark-gluon plasma (QGP), where quarks and gluons are quasi-free. This transition occurs at an energy scale around 200 MeV where QCD cannot be treated perturbatively. Instead it can be formulated on a space-time grid. The resulting theory, lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD), can be simulated efficiently on high performance parallel-computing clusters. In recent years graphic processing units (GPUs), which outperform CPUs in terms of parallel-computing and memory bandwidth capabilities, became very popular for LQCD computations. In this work the QCD deconfinement transition is studied using CL2QCD, a LQCD application that runs efficiently on GPUs. Furthermore, CL2QCD is extended by a Rational Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm for Wilson fermions to allow for simulations of an odd number of quark flavors.
Due to the sign-problem LQCD simulations are restricted to zero or very small baryon densities, where, in the limit of infinite quark mass QCD has a first order deconfinement phase transition associated to the breaking of the global centre symmetry. Including dynamical quarks breaks this symmetry explicitly. Lowering their mass weakens the first order transition until it terminates in a second order Z2 point. Beyond this point the transition is merely an analytic crossover. As the lattice spacing is decreased, the reduction of discretization errors causes the region of first order transitions to expand towards lower masses. In this work the deconfinement critical point with 2 and 3 flavors of standard Wilson fermions is studied. To this end several kappa values are simulated on temporal lattice extents 6,8,10 (4) for two flavors (three flavors) and various aspect ratios (spatial lattice extent / temporal lattice extent) so as to extrapolate to the thermodynamic limit, applying finite size scaling. For two flavors an estimate is done if and when a continuum extrapolation is possible.
The chiral and deconfinement phase transitions at zero density for light and heavy quarks, respectively, have analytic continuations to purely imaginary chemical potential, where no sign-problem exists and LQCD simulations can be applied. At some critical value of the imaginary chemical potential, the transitions meet the endpoint of the Roberge-Weiss transition between adjacent Z3 sectors. For light and heavy quarks the transition lines meet in a triple point, while for intermediate masses they meet in a second order point. At the boundary between these regimes the junction is a tricritical point, as shown in studies with two and three flavors of staggered and Wilson quarks on lattices with a temporal lattice extent of 4. Employing finite size scaling the nature of this point as a function of the quark mass is studied in this work for two flavors of Wilson fermions with a temporal lattice extent of 6. Of particular interest is the change of the location of tricritical points compared to an earlier study on lattices with temporal extent of 4.
This paper argues that the introduction of the Banking Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) improved market discipline in the European bank market for unsecured debt. The different impact of the BRRD on bank bonds provides a quasi-natural experiment that allows to study the effect of the BRRD within banks using a difference-in-difference approach. Identification is based on the fact that (otherwise identical) bonds of a given bank maturing before 2016 are explicitly protected from BRRD bail-in. The empirical results are consistent with the hypothesis that debt holders actively monitor banks and that the BRRD diminished bail-out expectations. Bank bonds subject to BRRD bail-in carry a 10 basis points bail-in premium in terms of the yield spread. While there is some evidence that the bail-in premium is more pronounced for non-GSIB banks and banks domiciled in peripheral European countries, weak capitalization is the main driver.
Attempts to extract the order of the chiral transition of QCD at zero chemical potential, with two dynamical flavors of massless quarks, from simulations with progressively decreasing pion mass, have remained inconclusive because of their increasing numerical cost. In an alternative approach to this problem, we consider the path integral as a function of continuous number Nf of degenerate quarks. If the transition in the chiral limit is first order for Nf≥3, a second-order transition for Nf=2 then requires a tricritical point in between. This, in turn, implies tricritical scaling of the critical boundary line between the first-order and crossover regions as the chiral limit is approached. Noninteger numbers of fermion flavors are easily implemented within the staggered fermion discretization. Exploratory simulations at μ=0 and Nf=2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2.1, on coarse Nτ=4 lattices, indeed show a smooth variation of the critical mass mapping out a critical line in the (m, Nf) plane. For the smallest masses, the line appears consistent with tricritical scaling, allowing for an extrapolation to the chiral limit.
We report on the status of ongoing investigations aiming at locating the deconfinement critical point with standard Wilson fermions and Nf = 2 flavors towards the continuum limit (standard Columbia plot); locating the tricritical masses at imaginary chemical potential with unimproved staggered fermions at Nf = 2 (extended Columbia plot); identifying the order of the chiral phase transition at μ = 0 for Nf = 2 via extrapolation from non integer Nf (alternative Columbia plot).
In dieser Monographie fokussiert Veronica Butler einen vernachlässigten Schriftsteller des Vormärz, dem Zeitgenossen Anerkennung zollten als Innovator sowohl in Form als auch Gehalt. In den Publikationen des 'Forum Vormärz Forschung' erscheint August Lewald ausschließlich im Zusammenhang mit der Zeitschrift Europa: Nur Martina Lauster hat sich bislang mit Lewalds Skizzen befasst. Dennoch war Lewald "a key Vormärz player", dessen literarische Tätigkeit durch Lust am Experiment, Offenheit für neue Einflüsse und die Hinwendung zur Gegenwart gekennzeichnet war - alles Merkmale einer kulturellen "Labor-Zeit" (Peter Stein). Lewald war lange Zeit Opfer eines literaturhistorischen Wertungssystems, das im Vormärz "an era of comparative depression" sah und eine strikte Trennung zwischen Hoch- und Trivialliteratur voraussetzte, die der Tatsache einer journalistisch geprägten und operativen Literatur wenig gerecht wurde. Lewalds schriftstellerische Produktion wurde lange verkannt, weil sie nie den Anspruch auf die Anerkennung der Nachwelt erhoben hat, sondern immer "aus der Gegenwart herausgeschöpft und für die Gegenwart geschrieben" war, wie es der Lewald-Biograph Joseph Cruse schon 1933 formuliert hat.
Although extensively studied by different authors over the past 150 years, the taxonomy of Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817 and allied genera (which are here informally referred to as 'Canthon sensu lato') still remains problematic. With the aim of resolving some of the questions surrounding these taxa, the present work reviews the taxonomy of one of them, the genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977. As defined here, Sylvicanthon is distributed mainly throughout the vast areas of tropical rainforests in the Neotropical region and includes 15 species divided into two groups: the enkerlini group, with a single species, S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov., and the candezei group, with five subgroups: the candezei subgroup, with S. candezei (Harold, 1869), S. genieri sp. nov. and S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920); the aequinoctialis subgroup, with S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868) comb. nov. and S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov.; the bridarollii subgroup, with S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949), S. seag sp. nov., S. edmondsi sp. nov. and S. attenboroughi sp. nov.; the furvus subgroup, with S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920), S. monnei sp. nov., S. mayri sp. nov. and S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920); and the securus subgroup, with a single species, S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. Three species originally included in Sylvicanthon are here (re)transferred to Canthon: Canthon xanthopus Blanchard, 1846 and C. machadoi (Martínez & Pereira, 1967) comb. nov., as well as C. cobosi (Pereira & Martínez, 1960) stat. et comb. nov., which had been previously in synonymy under C. xanthopus. Descriptions, redescriptions, illustrations and comparative tables on the external morphology (including the genital capsule) of the genus and its species are presented, as well as a detailed discussion on their biogeography, comparative morphology, hypotheses on their phylogenetic relationships, data on natural history and a detailed historical revision of the classification of 'Canthon sensu lato'. Finally, we also discuss the socalled 'species problem' (i.e., the definition of the scientific term 'species') and its consequences to dung beetle taxonomy and favour the solution offered by the Biological Species Concept.
Es gibt im Schreiben Heinrich Heines eine gestische Konstante, die sich durch das ganze Werk hindurchzieht und die sich am besten mit dem Begriff der Unrast bezeichnen lässt. Unrast ist Bewegung, die in einem angespannten Verhältnis zur Nicht-Bewegung steht. Sie erfolgt aus Angst vor Stillstand und aus Sehnsucht nach Ruhe zugleich. Sie ist Suche ohne benennbares Ziel und Flucht ohne unmittelbaren Anlass. Sie entspringt dem Ekel davor, dass alles so bleiben könnte, wie es ist, aber auch dem Schauder darüber, wie es wäre, wenn es anders würde. Sie kann Lebensenergie ebenso gut momenthaft freisetzen wie langsam aufzehren. Die folgenden Ausführungen versuchen die persönlichen, die gesellschaftlichen und die poetologischen Fragen zu rekonstruieren, auf die Heines Unrast eine im Hinblick auf den inneren Zusammenhang seines Gesamtwerks bislang zu wenig beachtete Antwort darstellt.
Background: Worldwide, the number of recorded human hantavirus infections as well as the number of affected countries is on the rise. In Europe, most human hantavirus infections are caused by the Puumala virus (PUUV), with bank voles (Myodes glareolus) as reservoir hosts. Generally, infection outbreaks have been related to environmental conditions, particularly climatic conditions, food supply for the reservoir species and land use. However, although attempts have been made, the insufficient availability of environmental data is often hampering accurate temporal and spatially explicit models of human hantavirus infections.
Methods: In the present study, dynamics of human PUUV infections between 2001 and 2015 were explored using ArcGIS in order to identify spatio-temporal patterns.
Results: Percentage cover of forest area was identified as an important factor for the spatial pattern, whereas beech mast was found explaining temporal patterns of human PUUV infections in Germany. High numbers of infections were recorded in 2007, 2010 and 2012 and areas with highest records were located in Baden-Wuerttemberg (southwest Germany) and North Rhine-Westphalia (western Germany).
Conclusion: More reliable data on reservoir host distribution, pathogen verification as well as an increased awareness of physicians are some of the factors that should improve future human infection risk assessments in Germany.
Biological invasions have been associated with niche changes; however, their occurrence is still debated. We assess whether climatic niches between native and non-native ranges have changed during the invasion process using two globally spread mosquitoes as model species, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. Considering the different time spans since their invasions (>300 vs. 30–40 years), niche changes were expected to be more likely for Ae. aegypti than for Ae. albopictus. We used temperature and precipitation variables as descriptors for the realized climatic niches and different niche metrics to detect niche dynamics in the native and non-native ranges. High niche stability, therefore, no niche expansion but niche conservatism was revealed for both species. High niche unfilling for Ae. albopictus indicates a great potential for further expansion. Highest niche occupancies in non-native ranges occurred either under more temperate (North America, Europe) or tropical conditions (South America, Africa). Aedes aegypti has been able to fill its native climatic niche in the non-native ranges, with very low unfilling. Our results challenge the assumption of rapid evolutionary change of climatic niches as a requirement for global invasions but support the use of native range-based niche models to project future invasion risk on a large scale.
A new species of leaf insect, Phyllium (Phyllium) letiranti Cumming and Teemsma, new species (Phasmida: Phylliidae), is described from a series of males, females, and eggs from Peleng Island, Indonesia. This new species is the first record of the family Phylliidae on the island and is here differentiated from congeners. Keys to males, females, and eggs of the Phyllium species of Sulawesi and Peleng islands are included within.
A new species of leaf insect from the celebicum species group, Phyllium (Phyllium) yapicum Cumming and Teemsma, new species (Phasmida: Phylliidae), is described from a female specimen from the California Academy of Sciences collection, United States. This new species is the first recorded species of Phylliidae from the country of Micronesia and represents a notable range expansion for the family. With Phyllium (Phyllium) yapicum Cumming and Teemsma, new species, currently only known from a female holotype; a key to females is included for the celebicum species group.
The Phylliidae (Phasmatodea) diversity of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia is preliminarily examined, and revealed to be notably lacking in completeness with only two species currently recorded. Of the nine islands/ island groups within the Lesser Sunda Islands, only the westerly islands (Bali and Lombok) have single species recorded: Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) pulchrifolium Audinet-Serville, 1838, from Bali, and Phyllium (Phyllium) conlei Cumming, Valero, and Teemsma, new species, from Lombok. The latter species is herein described and differentiated from congenerics. To conclude, with so few species recorded from the Lesser Sunda Islands, a key to species for Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands is presented for males.
Ideally located in the writer's position of the voice "contractus (& quasi contractus)" of the Dictionary, the author of this paper tries to discover the difficulties that his drafting could imply. The difficulties encountered come mainly from the chronology and the diversity of profiles between the members of the Salamanca School that deal with contracts, from the unusual historical and material extension of the elements they work with and from the need to understand their methods, their initial assumptions and the aims they pursue. At the end, some practical considerations are offered to the voice's drafting.
There Goes English Teacher
(2018)
On a considered whim writer Karin Cronje packs up her life and flies across the world to teach English in a small Korean village. The result is a poignant, heart-achingly funny, scandalous, and deeply moving account of incomprehension, awe, dislocation, belonging, the sticky business of identity and the loss of it, sanity, and the loss of that. Characters like Dae-ho, her guru man, who reminds her to breathe; dazzling Mae and her bar, Goldfinger; Leona with her rattle snake tongue, and all the others she cant understand are now the people in her life. Back home is her son who has fallen in with a suspect character and her friends who now seem like dung beetles each rolling their own ball of muck. They, together with the tip of the African continent, are about to disappear into the sea. She has only herself. And that sure as hell feels inadequate. With her inimitable voice Karin Cronje shocks and delights as she digs deeply into the full catastrophe of being human.
Una notte del 1749 la giovane ebrea romana Anna del Monte, diciottenne membro di un’importante famiglia del ghetto, fu prelevata in casa dagli sbirri e condotta alla Pia Casa dei Catecumeni – un’istituzione fondata nel 1542/43 per ospitare coloro che intendevano convertirsi al cattolicesimo. Nel caso di Anna, si voleva sondare la sua volontà di convertirsi e indurla a compiere tale passo. Questo rapimento era una misura legale – come è noto anche dai lavori di Marina Caffiero –che poteva colpire qualunque ebreo fosse accusato di aver manifestato il desiderio o l’intenzione di convertirsi al cattolicesimo – ma anche colui o colei che un convertito avesse »offerto« alla fede cristiana, qualora il neofito potesse rivendicare su di lui/lei la patria potestas, interpretata in senso lato. Era stato un sedicente promesso sposo – il neofito Sabato Coen – ad offrire alla fede Anna del Monte, probabilmente con la speranza di stipulare un matrimonio vantaggioso al quale egli avrebbe potuto difficilmente ambire, considerando le sue umili origini. Anna fu trattenuta ai Catecumeni per 13 giorni, dei quali tenne il novero mettendo da parte una delle due uova che le venivano portate quotidianamente su sua richiesta. Durante l’internamento resistette ai tentativi conversionistici, alle lusinghe e alle minacce di ecclesiastici e neofiti e finanche al maldestro tentativo di battesimo di un predicatore, che cercò di perfezionare il rito gettandole addosso dell’acqua – tentativo al quale la giovane reagì dichiarando di non voler aver nulla a che fare con le sue "superstizioni" e di subire il gesto come "se le avesse urinato addosso un cane". Salda nel rifiuto del battesimo, Anna fu infine restituita al ghetto. ...
Os materiais audiovisuais, como filmes e seriados, proporcionam ao professor a oportunidade de apontar exemplos de diferentes tipos de falantes da língua-alvo: tanto falantes nativos (comumente tomados como modelo) quanto interculturais (HOUSE 2007), sendo estes falantes não nativos que se apropriaram adequadamente da língua estrangeira para a comunicação. Apresentar falantes interculturais ao aluno é importante para que ele possa romper com a concepção de falante nativo ideal como modelo de aprendizagem (RAJAGOPALAN 2012); por essa razão, é imprescindível que esse tipo de personagem seja representado adequadamente em seriados e filmes. Tendo isso em vista, pretendemos analisar, neste trabalho, os seriados Erste Wege in Deutschland e Jojo sucht das Glück, no que se refere a suas protagonistas (ambas, supostamente, falantes interculturais). Foram analisados, respectivamente, dois e cinco episódios das séries, buscando refletir sobre as protagonistas com base na caracterização de falante intercultural nos estudos da área (BYRAM, GRIBKOVA E STARKEY 2002; HOUSE 2007; OLIVEIRA 2012). Os resultados apontam para uma representação artificial dessas personagens, pois elas reproduzem, de forma geral, características típicas de um falante idealizado, o qual gera imagens estereotipadas da língua-alvo.
This paper experimentally investigates presupposition projection from the scope of the quantifiers every and at least one, as triggered by the factive verb be aware and the iterative adverb again.
The first issue we are concerned with is whether presuppositions project universally or existentially from quantified sentences. Different theoretical accounts endorse opposing views here (e.g., Heim, 1983; Geurts, 1999; Beaver, 2001; Schlenker, 2008, 2009; Fox, 2012), while recent experimental work (Chemla, 2009; Tiemann, 2014) suggests that the force of the projected presupposition varies by quantifier.
The second issue we look at is how the descriptively observed readings arise—in particular, as a direct result output from the projection mechanism, or via additional, independent mechanisms such as domain restriction (e.g., Geurts and van Tiel, 2016): if the domain of the quantifier is restricted, this can yield what looks like non-universal inferences in light of the overall, unrestricted domain, even if the projection mechanism itself yields a universal presupposition. Finally, we test whether the presupposed content also forms part of the entailed content, at least for certain triggers (Sudo, 2012; Klinedinst, 2016; Zehr and Schwarz, 2016).
Our results yield clearly different patterns for every and at least one, with every giving rise to universal presuppositions, which, to a very limited extent, can be weakened by domain restriction, and at least one overwhelmingly giving rise to non-universal presuppositions. Our results also indicate the availability of presupposition-less readings for both triggers in the task at hand, apparently more prevalent than domain restriction. Thereby, we present novel evidence that helps to pinpoint which of the theoretical options can be substantiated experimentally.
Phorodon cannabis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini) is reported for the first time as a pest of Cannabis L. crops in North America. The insect has been confirmed from fields of industrial hemp in Colorado and Virginia and has been found present within greenhouses in at least several American states and one Canadian province. The generic position of the aphid species is discussed and other known members of the genus are ruled out. Phorodon cannabis is placed in genus Phorodon Passerini and subgenus (Diphorodon Börner). Phorodon persifoliae Shinji is transferred to Hyalopterus Koch as a nomen dubium.
Dass der österreichische Autor Stefan Zweig (1881-1942) eine Vorliebe für außergewöhnliche psychologische Grenzsituationen hatte, ist allgemein bekannt. Aus diesem Grunde setzt er sich in seinen Werken mit zahlreichen Formen psychologischer Krankheiten auseinander, die zum Teil entweder von den Protagonisten oder von anderen Handlungsträgern repräsentiert werden. Diese Krankheitsbilder können anhand der präzisen Darstellungen des Autors meistens recht eindeutig erkannt werden. Grundvoraussetzungen für eine derart detaillierte Darstellung ist auf der einen Seite das Wissen über psychologische Krankheiten, auf der anderen Seite die Beobachtungsgabe des Autors, der erst durch diese Fähigkeit ein wirklichkeitsnahes Bild der psychologischen Krankheiten und ihren Auswirkungen darstellen kann. Der Autor Stefan Zweig selbst lebte in einer Zeit, in der das Interesse an Psychologie stetig an Bedeutung gewann und sich auch in der Literatur widerspiegelte. Ziel dieses Beitrags soll es sein, die Novelle Buchmendel, die bislang von Autoren aus der Sicht jüdischer Tradition und Religion gelesen und interpretiert wurde, einer neuen Betrachtungsweise zu unterziehen. Es handelt sich dabei um den Versuch, den Protagonisten Buchmendel aus literaturpsychologischer Sicht zu untersuchen und die Beziehung von psychischen Krankheiten und Literatur zu veranschaulichen. Herauskristalisiert werden sollen in erster Linie Verhaltensmuster, die auf eine Autismus-Spektrum-Störung, insbesondere Asberger [sic!] und/oder Inselbegabung verweisen könnten.
NMR and chromatography methods combined with mass spectrometry are the most important analytical techniques employed for plant metabolomics screening. Metabolomic analysis integrated to transcriptome screening add an important extra dimension to the information flow from DNA to RNA to protein. The most useful NMR experiment in metabolomics analysis is the proton spectra due the high receptivity of 1H and important structural information, through proton–proton scalar coupling. Routinely, databases have been used in identification of primary metabolites, however, there is currently no comparable data for identification of secondary metabolites, mainly, due to signal overlap in normal 1H NMR spectra and natural variation of plant. Related to spectra overlap, alternatively, better resolution can be find using 1H pure shift and 2D NMR pulse sequence in complex samples due to spreading the resonances in a second dimension. Thus, in data brief we provide a catalogue of metabolites and expression levels of genes identified in soy leaves and roots under flooding stress.
African agriculture faces major challenges with growing population pressure and the impact of climate change. Until now food production overall has broadly kept pace with demand. To maintain this impressive achievement, production from the land needs to be intensified, soil fertility must be enhanced, forests and water resources must be conserved, and land use practices must be sustainable over the long term. This book shows what needs to be done, and points to how best to achieve this. The book starts with a brief guide to what plants and animals need to grow well, how farmers currently use the land, and the research that is being conducted on new agricultural technologies. A comparison is made of productivity on small and large farms, which demonstrates that, contrary to some suggestions, small farmers, properly serviced, can be as productive or even more productive than larger farms. Subsequent chapters discuss issues of land tenure, pastoralism, training, the importance of women farmers, access to finance, markets, value chains, and contract farming as a partnership between small-scale producers, processors and traders in agricultural products. The final section of the book discusses whether a new 'green revolution' is feasible or desirable for Africa. The potential risks and benefits of dependence on purchased agrochemicals, genetically modified varieties, and multinational seed and chemical companies are examined. A series of twelve broad policy proposals for achieving a sustainable agriculture sector is presented for consideration. Fifteen case studies illustrate the issues discussed in the book. Most of the examples are from East Africa, particularly Tanzania, but the principles addressed are relevant across the African continent. Each chapter of the book includes references and suggestions for further reading, most of them freely available to anyone with internet access. A set of essay questions exploring the issues covered in each chapter is included, to provide practical help for students of agriculture and their teachers.
Considering the sixty years long existence of the German weekly in Braşov an exhaustive research of the publication on the way from a centralized to a globalized socio-political system becomes imperious. Our article represents a first approach to pinpoint the choice of poetry published by the German weekly Karpatenrundschau during the nineteen eighties and nineteen nineties as a consequence of both political compromise and aesthetic demand. In this respect the article analyses the German weekly as one of the main promoters of German poetry written in Romania. The article is based on our research done in the archives of the weekly in Braşov.
Considering the sixty years long existence of the German weekly in Braşov an exhaustive research of the publication on the way from a centralized to a globalized socio-political system becomes imperious. Our article represents a first approach to pinpoint the choice of poetry published by the German weekly Karpatenrundschau during the nineteen eighties and nineteen nineties as a consequence of both political compromise and aesthetic demand. In this respect the article analyses the German weekly as one of the main promoters of German poetry written in Romania. The article is based on our research done in the archives of the weekly in Braşov.