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"Die folgenden Überlegungen zum "Andreas" sind von Hofmannsthals Diktum ausgelöst, "dass auf einem gesunden Selbstgefühl (...) das ganze Dasein ruht." [...] Denn im Dilemma der unbewältigten Identität einer höchst fragilen literarischen Gestalt auf intensiver Suche nach dem Selbst scheint mir die Problemzone des Romanvorhabens zu liegen."
Sehr unmittelbar scheinen Christa Wolfs Werke zu uns zu sprechen, unsere Lebensprobleme zu artikulieren, Schwierigkeiten der Selbstverwirklichung in modernen Industriegesellschaften, leidvolle Konflikte von Gefühl und Rationalität, Aufrichtigkeit und Klugheit, Hoffnung und Resignation, die recht verstandene Emanzipation der Frau nicht zuletzt. Mißverstandnisse spielen dabei eine Rolle, ungewollte, aber manchmal auch sehr absichtsvolIe, denen die Autorin resigniert widerspricht. Mal um Mal hat sie ihre Solidarität mit der sozialistischen Gesellschaftsordnung bekannt; ganz unübersehbar ist, daß ihre Werke zunächst auf deren Probleme Bezug nehmen und antworten. Vertrautheit und Gemeinsamkeit sind oft nur scheinbar. Wer den DDR-Kontext ausblendet, dem entgehen nicht nur Nuancen und Anspielungen, er lauft vielmehr Gefahr, den Sinn der literarischen Form selbst zu verfehlen. Der sogenannte gesellschaftliche Kontext ist keine Äußerlichkeit, er ist den Texten auf vielfältige Weise einbeschrieben.
Berichtet wird über "Ruderale Wiesen" des Stadtgebietes von Giessen (Hessen). Ein Vergleich mit entsprechendem Aufnahmematerial aus anderen Städten Mitteleuropas (Halle, Köln, Pilsen, Prag, Salzgitter, Wolfenbüttel) sowie den tieferen Lagen des Odenwaldes macht eine synsystematische Einstufung und Abgrenzung dieser Gesellschaft möglich.
Ruderale Wiesen besitzen einen Artengrundstock von Fettwiesenarten, zu dem ruderale Arten aus Artemisietea- und Agropyretea-Gesellschaften hinzutreten, besonders Tanacetum vulgare, Artemisia vulgaris, Linaria vulgaris, Agropyron repens und Convolvulus arvensis. Ökologisch stehen sie zwischen dem Arrhenatheretum elatioris und dem Tanaceto-Artemisietum. Ein- bis maximal zweimalige Mahd pro Jahr fördert die Wiesenarten, ermöglicht aber gleichzeitig den Ruderalarten einzudringen, ohne daß diese zur Dominanz gelangen können. Bei ungestörter Sukzession auf neu geschaffenen Straßenböschungen und vergleichbaren Stellen, aber auch nach Aufgabe der Mahd ehemaliger (Streuobst)-Wiesen entstehen für kürzere oder längere Zeit entsprechende Artenkombinationen, die als Sukzessionsphasen oder -Stadien aufzufassen sind.
Nach den bisher bekanntgewordenen Vorkommen haben Ruderale Wiesen ein mitteleuropäisches Areal und klingen nach Osten in der Tschechoslowakei aus. Sie können, parallel zum Arrhenatheretum elatioris, nach der Bodenwasser-Verfügbarkeit gegliedert werden und zeigen eine großklimaabhängige Aufteilung in geographische Rassen und in höhenstufenabhängige Varianten. Eine Einbeziehung in das Arrhenatheretum elatioris ist deshalb nicht durchführbar. Trotz des Fehlens von Kennarten ist die synsystematische Einstufung als Assoziation gerechtfertigt; denn Ruderale Wiesen sind floristisch eindeutig gekennzeichnet (charakteristische Artenkombination) und durch mehrere Trennarten gut vom Arrhenatheretum elatioris unterschieden. In Anlehnung an bereits bestehende Namen und wegen des diagnostischen Wertes von Tanacetum Vulgare wird die Bezeichnung Tanaceto-Arrhenatheretum vorgeschlagen.
The tribe Acanthaclisini Navas contains 14 described genera which we recognize as valid. We have reared larvae of 8 of these (Acanthaclisis Rambur, Centroclisis Navas, Fadrina Navas, Paranthaclisis Banks, Phanoclisis Banks, Synclisis Navas, Syngenes Kolbe, and Vella Navas). In addition, we have studied preserved larvae from Australia which probably represent the genus Heoclisis Navas. This represents the majority of the taxa, lacking only the small genera Avia Navas, Cosina Navas, Madrasta Navas, Mestressa Navas, and Stiphroneuria Gerstaecker. Studies of these larvae have revealed structural differences, especially of the mandible, which we have employed to provide identification of these genera by means of descriptions, keys, and illustrations. Also, since no modern key exists, we are providing a key to the genera based on adults which will provide some further insight on the generic relationships. Observations on the tribal differences of Myrmeleontidae based on larvae are made with a preliminary key to the known tribes.
Australian Chrysis form three closely related groups in addition to a few wide-ranging and apparently adventive species. The latter are lincea Fabricius, schiodtei Dahlbom, fuscipennis Brulle, and fossulata F. Smith. The remaining 23 species, including those presently described, appear to be endemic in the Australia-New Guinea area. Recently, Linsenmaier (1982, Entomofauna 3: 323-349) described a number of new species from Australia. Some of these I have been able to recognize and they are included in the key. Others that I am unable to place, possibly through lack of material, are curtisensis from Queensland and dentifrontis from South Australia. I have seen types of nearly all the species in the key. Institutions and individuals who have provided specimens of the new species herein described are given below.
The genus Pheidole is one of the more important ant genera in the world Approximately 1000 species are now known. Over 400 of these are found in the Neotropical region (Kempf, 1972), and about 75 taxa are known from North America north of Mexico. Pheidole spp. are abundant in many areas, and live in varying habitats ranging from the humid tropics to deserts. They are able to survive in some areas by their habits of collecting and storing seeds as food resources. They are also scavengers of dead insects and other animals, and can be predacious. Some species tends aphids and other homopterans, but this food source, so important to many ant species, is probably of relatively minor importance to most species of Pheidole.
The genetic code, the primary manifestation of life, and, on the other hand, language, the universal endowment of humanity and its momentous leap from genetics to civilization, are the two fundamental stores of information transmissible from the ancestry to the progeny, the molecular succession, which ensures the transfer of hereditary messages from the cells of one generation to the next generation, and the verbal legacy as a necessary prerequisite of cultural tradition. Divergent terminologies direct attention to different pattemings; and finding a logically convincing test, acceptable all around, that can determine whether one such system of terms is superior to its rivals, is often impossible. Yet the slow processes of evolution presumably apply to human societies and their symbolic systems as much as to human bodies, so that when logic cannot decide, survival eventually will.
Keys to the hairs of 44 species of southern African Cricetidae and Muridae have been devised for the identification of these species. The keys are based primarily on the cuticular scale patterns and groove characters. Distribution data and descriptions of the hairs are presented with micrographs to assist in identification.
The 70 Frullania species (+ 1 subspecies, 9 varieties, and 3 formae) belonging to 9 subgenera are confirmed in China, among which 1 subgenus and 4 species are new to science, and 12 species are newly reported from China. A new name (nom. nov.) and 12 combinations are proposed and several species are reduced to synonyms of other species. This study reveals the Frullania flora of China, particularly Yunnan and the neighboring provinces, to be most highly differentiated, containing many phytogeographic ally interesting taxa, and may be regarded as a center of the Paleotropic Frullania flora.
Several generic schemes used in classifying species belonging to Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 sensu lato have been reviewed; three taxa have been retained at the generic level, and three additional taxa at the subgeneric level. The following genera and subgenera are recognized: Prionospio Malmgren, 1867, including the subgenera Minuspio Foster, 1971, Aquilaspio Foster, 1971 and Prionospio Malmgren (sensu striclo); Apoprionospio Foster, 1969, and Paraprionospio Caullery, 1914. Prionospio sensu lata includes species with various combinations of branchiae which are smooth (apinnate), wrinkled, or with digitiform pinnules, beginning on setiger 2. Apoprionospio includes species having branchiae from setiger 2, with at least one pair having plate-like pinnules. Paraprionospio includes species with branchiae from setiger 1, with all pairs having platelike pinnules. Fifteen species, including seven new species, belonging to the genus Prionospio are described. Prionospio (Prionospio) steenstrupi Malmgren, 1867 is described from the syntype series, and is newly synonymized with P. fallax Söderström, 1920. The validity of P. bocki Söderström, 1920 as a separate species is discussed, as is the indeterminable nature of P. malmgreni Claparède, 1869. Prionospio (Prionospio) dubia Day, 1961 originally described as a new variety of P. malmgreni from S Africa, is raised to full species status. Prionospio (P.) cristata Foster, 1971 and P. (P.) heterobranchia Moore, 1907 are redescribed. Prionospio (P.) tripinnata, a new species with three pairs of pinnate branchiae, is described from the Mediterranean Sea and compared with P. plumosa Sars, 1872. A new synonymy is proposed for P. lobulata Fauchald, 1972 with P. (P.) ehlersi Fauvel, 1928. Two new species, P. (Minuspio) fauchaldi and P. (M.) laciniosa, are described in which the apinnate branchiae are distinctly wrinkled or sculptured, rather than smooth. P. (M.) laciniosa is also distinguished by dorsal crests modified into semicircular flaps. Several species previously referred to Prionospio (Minuspio) cirrifera Wirén, 1883 are reviewed and described. The seven species recognized by Foster in the genus Minuspio are considered; several are retained, and new species and new synonymies are proposed. Because the types are apparently lost, a description of P. (M.) cirrifera is given based on specimens from near the type locality. Prionospio (M.) aluta new species is separated from P. (M.) cirrifera on the basis of the presence of lateral pouches in P. aluta and their absence in P. cirrifera. Prionospio (M.) delta Hartman, 1965 is retained as a valid species; P. (M.) longibranchiata Reish, 1968 and P. (M.) minor Fauchald & Hancock, 1981 are newly synonymized with P. delta. P. (M.) multibranchiata Berkeley, 1927 is also retained as a valid species, and P. (M.) perkinsi, P. (M.) lighti and P. (M.) wireni are newly described from shallow water. Two species are recognized as belonging to Apoprionospio Foster: A. pygmaea (Hartman, 1961) and A. dayi Foster, 1969. New records and range extensions are given for both species. New records are also presented for Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers, 1901). The specimens examined as part of this study are based primarily on deep-sea materials collected in the Atlantic Ocean, but also include shallow-water specimens from the east, west, and gulf coasts of N America.
The paper presents some data on the Caricion kobomugi communities at a locality south of the city of Wonsan, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Two plant communities, namely the Ixeridetum repentis and the Carex pumila-community were described and their syntaxonomy and nomenclature briefly discussed.
The genera of the subfamily Bryoideae (Musci) in South, Southeast and East Asia (As 2-4), consisting of some 290 species hitherto described or reported from the areas, are revised taxonomically. A total of about 400 specimens were available, in addition to those used in my earlier works (Ochi, 1959-69). Of the 290 species to be accounted for, types and other good specimens were available for about 245 (84%). Twenty-two species of Brachymeniun, 4 of Plagiobryum and 71 of Bryum (including 11 in subgen. Anomobryum, 54 in subgen. Bryum and 6 in subgen. Rhodobryum) have been recognized as valid (after rather many names were reduced to synonymy). Bryurn rubrobulbiferurum is proposed for Anomobryum bulbiferum Bartr. as a new name. Some errors in my earlier works are also corrected, including Bryum indicopolymorphum. nom. nov. for B. polymorphum (Dix.) Ochi hom. illeg. (non Hartm., 1838) and B. himalayanopenucidum nom. nov. for B. pellucidum (Dix. et Badhw.) Ochi hom. illeg. (non Richter, 1840). Brachymenium systylium (C. Muell.) Jaeg., B. leptophyllum (C. Muell.) Jaeg. and Bryum subapiculatum Hampe are recorded for the first time from South and Southeast Asia. Rather many problematic or little known species are ellucidated by annotations and many detailed figures, as well. Identification keys are also provided.
Wenn man als Botaniker vertraute Standorte nach längerer Zeit einmal wieder aufsucht, wird man immer wieder Überraschungen erleben. Es tauchen plötzlich Arten auf, die dort nie beobachtet worden sind. Auch in der Literatur findet man immer häufiger Hinweise auf das Neuauftauchen bestimmter Raritäten (z.B. Bocks-Riemenzunge auf der Paderborner Hochfläche, Gelber Enzian im Veliner Steinbruch, Sumpf-Porst im Emsdettener Venn, Großfruchtige Moosbeere im NSG Kipshagener Teiche etc. ). Der Beispiele gibt es viele in Flora und Fauna, Wenn man der Frage der Herkunft nachgeht, findet man fast immer die gleiche Antwort: Wohlmeinende Naturliebhaber oder Naturschützer haben die Art dort angepflanzt, eingebracht, ausgesät oder angesalbt. Besonders in den letzten Jahren hat die Ansalbung von Arten rapide zugenommen, so dass einige Anmerkungen aus botanischer und vegetationskundlicher Sicht notwendig erscheinen.
The great majority of the known nuclides with Z>40, including the so-called stable nuclides, are metastable with respect to several modes of spontaneous superasymmetric splitting. A model extended from the fission theory of alpha decay allows one to estimate the lifetimes and the branching ratios relative to the alpha decay for these natural radioactivities. From a huge amount of systematic calculations it is concluded that the process should proceed with maximum intensity in the trans-lead nuclei, where the minimum lifetime is obtained from parent-emitted heavy ion combinations leading to a magic (208Pb) or almost magic daughter nucleus. More than 140 nuclides with atomic number smaller than 25 are possible candidates to be emitted from heavy nuclei, with half-lives in the range of 1010–1030 s: 5He, 8–10Be, 11,12B, 12–16C, 13–17N, 15–22O, 18–23F, 20–26Ne, 23–28Na, 23–30Mg, 27–32Al, 28–36Si, 31–39P, 32–42S, 35–45Cl, 37–47Ar, 40–49 K, 42-51. . .Ca, 44–53 Sc, 46–53Ti, 48–54V, and 49–55 Cr. The shell structure and the pairing effects are clearly manifested in these new decay modes.