Refine
Year of publication
- 2014 (586) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (586) (remove)
Language
- English (586) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (586)
Keywords
- Benjamin, Walter (7)
- Invasive species (5)
- Cape Verde Islands (4)
- Multimorbidity (4)
- conservation (4)
- Decorin (3)
- Depression (3)
- Europe (3)
- Festuco-Brometea (3)
- Primary care (3)
- diversity (3)
- faunistics (3)
- taxonomy (3)
- vegetation (3)
- web archiving (3)
- ATM (2)
- Anthropozän (2)
- Aortic valve replacement (2)
- Breast cancer (2)
- Cancer (2)
- Chronic disease (2)
- Croatian (2)
- Drug hepatotoxicity (2)
- Drug induced liver injury (2)
- Dyson–Schwinger equations (2)
- Ecocriticism (2)
- Empirische Ästhetik (2)
- Family practice (2)
- Gefühl (2)
- General practice (2)
- Germany (2)
- HER2 (2)
- IR-A (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Kajkavian (2)
- Nonperturbative methods (2)
- Nucleus–nucleus collisions (2)
- Outcome (2)
- Proliferation (2)
- Schmerz <Motiv> (2)
- Signaling (2)
- Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft (2)
- apoptosis (2)
- breeding (2)
- colonization (2)
- distribution (2)
- fMRI (2)
- hrvatski (2)
- inflammation (2)
- invasive alien species (2)
- justice (2)
- kajkavski (2)
- learning (2)
- miRNA (2)
- morphology (2)
- productivity (2)
- species richness (2)
- syntaxonomy (2)
- woodland (2)
- Čakavian (2)
- čakavski (2)
- Štokavian (2)
- štokavski (2)
- 1,2,3-triazole-acyclonucleosides (1)
- 1,2,4-thiadiazoles (1)
- 18. stoljeće (1)
- 1α,25(OH)2D3 (1)
- 3D EM (1)
- 3D orientation pattern of ciliary bundles (1)
- 4-1BB (1)
- 99mTc-MIBI (1)
- 99mTc-pertechnetate (1)
- A/D transition (1)
- ABC Transporter (1)
- ABCB1 (1)
- ABCC1 (1)
- ABCG2 (1)
- ADHD (1)
- ALICE experiment (1)
- ARID5B (1)
- ATP (1)
- Abuse (1)
- Accelerometry (1)
- Acetogen (1)
- Acquired drug resistance (1)
- Activated Cry1a (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adherens junctions (1)
- Adolescents (1)
- Adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1)
- Advanced biliary tract cancer (1)
- Aesthetic Liking (1)
- Affektive Entwicklung (1)
- Africa (1)
- Afrikabild (1)
- Agreement (1)
- Agriolimacidae (1)
- Ahuitzotl (1)
- Aid (1)
- Alien (1)
- All oral (1)
- Alliaria petiolata (1)
- Allograft bone block (1)
- Alpha-synuclein (1)
- Alzheimer (1)
- Amyloid precursor protein (1)
- Aneurysm (1)
- Angiogenesis (1)
- Angolan giraffe (1)
- Anguillicoloides crassus (1)
- Annotationi et discorsi sopra alcuni luoghi del Decameron (1)
- Anopheles (1)
- Anthropozentrismus (1)
- Anti-TNF (1)
- Antigen Processing (1)
- Antiviral therapy (1)
- Aortic valve (1)
- Araneae (1)
- Archaea (1)
- Arduengo-type carbene (1)
- Arendt, Hannah (1)
- Arkanania (1)
- Asia (1)
- Aspect seeing (1)
- Assault (1)
- Assessment of care (1)
- Atmospheric modeling (1)
- Auditory (1)
- Australian acacias (1)
- Austrian pine forest (1)
- Autogenous bone block (1)
- Autonomic nervous system (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Aves (1)
- BCL11b (1)
- BPDCN (1)
- BTC (1)
- Balkan fauna (1)
- Barnes (1)
- Baryon number susceptibilities (1)
- Beauty production (1)
- Begriff (1)
- Belgium (1)
- Berliner Kindheit um neunzehnhundert (1)
- Bethe–Salpeter equation (1)
- Big Data (1)
- Biglycan (1)
- Bingara (1)
- Biogeographical comparisons (1)
- Biological heart valves (1)
- Biological invasion (1)
- Biological markers (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Bioprosthesis (1)
- Biosecurity (1)
- Biotic homogenization (1)
- Bipolar (1)
- Bipolar disorder (1)
- Blandfordia cunninghamii (1)
- Blixen, Tania (1)
- Blue Mountains (1)
- Boccaccio, Giovanni (1)
- Bone regeneration (1)
- Botswana (1)
- Brazil (1)
- Breast conserving surgery (1)
- Burgenland Croatian (1)
- Burglary (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- C-H...Br hydrogen bond (1)
- CCR5 (1)
- CD137 (1)
- CD4 binding site (1)
- CD8+ T-cell mediated tumor suppression (1)
- CDKN2A (1)
- CEBPE (1)
- CV9202 (1)
- CXCR4 (1)
- CY-503 (1)
- CaChR1 (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Cameroon (1)
- Cancer staging (1)
- Cape Verde (1)
- Car Sales (1)
- Carabidae (1)
- Cardiac function (1)
- Cardiovascular mortality (1)
- Carniella mihaili (1)
- Carrier-bound fibrin sealant (1)
- Cation Proton Antiporter (1)
- Cation/proton antiport (1)
- Cattle egret (1)
- Causality assessment (1)
- Cave animal, ecotone (1)
- Cave fish (1)
- Cell culture (1)
- Cell cycle (1)
- Cell plasticity (1)
- Cell proliferation (1)
- Cellular (1)
- Cerebellar ataxia (1)
- Channelrhodopsin (1)
- Charmhaven (1)
- Charmonia (1)
- Charmonium (1)
- Chemistry (1)
- Chemokine CCL2 (1)
- Chemokines (1)
- Cherenkov counter: lead-glass (1)
- Children (1)
- China (1)
- Chiral effective model (1)
- Chromoendoscopy (1)
- Chronic Hepatitis C (1)
- Chronic care model (1)
- Chronic diseases (1)
- Chronic hepatitis C (1)
- Chronic medical conditions (1)
- Chronic pancreatitis (1)
- Cicer arietinum (1)
- Citationrate (1)
- Clarence River coastal floodplain (1)
- Classification (1)
- Cleistogenetea (1)
- Climate variability (1)
- Clinical efficacy (1)
- Clinical studies (1)
- Clinical trial (1)
- Clint Eastwood (1)
- Cluster randomization (1)
- Coastal marshes (1)
- Coexistence (1)
- Cognitive Linguistics (1)
- Cognitive processing therapy (1)
- Coleoptera (1)
- Collagen hemostat (1)
- Collagen type I (1)
- Collagen type III (1)
- Colorectal cancer (1)
- Common ragweed (1)
- Communist Party of China (1)
- Comorbidity (1)
- Comparative Genomics (1)
- Complex I (1)
- Complexin-1 (1)
- Computational Humanities (1)
- Computer Science (1)
- Computerkunst (1)
- Computerspiel (1)
- Conceptual Metaphor (1)
- Conditionality (1)
- Confocal endomicroscopy (1)
- Conformational change (1)
- Conserved charge fluctuations (1)
- Construction procurement (1)
- Coping (1)
- Corfu (1)
- Correlative electron and light microscopy (1)
- Croatian dialectology (1)
- Cross-sectional (1)
- Cryptochrome 1a (1)
- Culex tritaeniorhynchus (1)
- Culicidae (1)
- Cultural Model (1)
- Cymindis alutacea (1)
- Cytoskeletal proteins (1)
- D2-autoreceptor (1)
- DAA (1)
- DFT (1)
- DKTK-ROG (1)
- DMARDs (biologic) (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA mismatch repair (1)
- DTI (1)
- Dadaismus (1)
- Damaskuserlebnis (1)
- Daptomycin (1)
- Data sharing (1)
- Dataset bias (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Delay of gratification (1)
- Dendritic cells (1)
- Density-equalizing mapping (1)
- Deroceras panormitanum (1)
- Derrida, Jacques (1)
- Deutsche Menschen (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Deutschlandbild (1)
- Deutschunterricht (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Diagnosis (1)
- Diboov zakon (1)
- Dicer (1)
- Die Brücke (1)
- Die Forschungsreise des Afrikaners Lukanga Mukara ins innerste Deutschland (1)
- Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (1)
- Diffusion coefficient (1)
- Digital Humanities (1)
- Diocese of Senj and Modruš (Krbava) (1)
- Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) (1)
- Disease Activity (1)
- Donald Siegel (1)
- Doyle (1)
- Drug (1)
- Drug development (1)
- Drugs (1)
- Dybo’s law (1)
- Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (1)
- EBM (1)
- EGFR (1)
- EQ-5D (1)
- ES cells (1)
- East–west divide (1)
- EcNhaA (1)
- Ech (1)
- Economic crisis (1)
- Economics (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Effector Genes (1)
- Eifersucht <Motiv> (1)
- Elderly patients (1)
- Electrical instability (1)
- Electron tomography (1)
- Electronic cigarettes (1)
- Electrophysiology (1)
- Emotionale Kompetenz (1)
- Empirical mode decomposition (1)
- Endemic arboreal species (1)
- Endometrial cancer (1)
- Endometriosis (1)
- Endoscopic retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Energy conservation (1)
- English Channel (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Environmental quality (1)
- Equations of state: nuclear matter (1)
- Ergriffenheit (1)
- Erinnerung <Motiv> (1)
- Erzähltheorie (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Ethnicity (1)
- Ethnobotany (1)
- Eucalyptus rust (1)
- European Dry Grassland Group (1)
- Event-by-event fluctuations (1)
- Everolimus resistance (1)
- Evidenz (1)
- Evocriticism (1)
- Evolutionary Biology (1)
- Evolutionary Psychology (1)
- Evolutionspsychologie (1)
- Exercise testing (1)
- Exotic species (1)
- Experimental Methods (1)
- Expression (1)
- Expressivität <Linguistik> (1)
- Extrapolation (1)
- Extremophile teleosts (1)
- FIND algorithm (1)
- FSS (1)
- Fbw7 (1)
- Feldlinguistik (1)
- Festucetalia valesiacae (1)
- Festuco-Puccinellietea (1)
- Fibroblasts (1)
- Fingolimod (1)
- First-price auctions (1)
- Fisher information (1)
- Fisheries (1)
- Flavin cycle (1)
- Flowering phenology (1)
- Foxp1 (1)
- France (1)
- Fraser (1)
- Frauenfeindlichkeit <Motiv> (1)
- Fremdsprachenunterricht (1)
- Frontotemporal dementia (1)
- Functional connectivity (1)
- Functionally-impaired elderly (1)
- G protein coupled receptor (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptor (1)
- GM-CSF (1)
- GPU algorithms (1)
- GRADE (1)
- Galietalia veri (1)
- Gastric cancer (1)
- Gaussian graphical models (1)
- Gaussian process (1)
- Gefühlsausdruck (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Gene-protein assay (1)
- GeneMANIA (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genome Assembly (1)
- Genome sequence (1)
- German (1)
- German Literature (1)
- German Poetry (1)
- Germans (1)
- Gestalt psychology (1)
- Gestaltpsychologie (1)
- Giovanni Boccaccio (1)
- Giraffa (1)
- Glucocorticoids (1)
- Glycophorin A dimerization (1)
- Goal-oriented care (1)
- Goldstone bosons (1)
- Government stimulus (1)
- Graphical LASSO (1)
- Great Britain (1)
- Growth rate (1)
- Guava rust (1)
- Guided tissue regeneration (1)
- H+ transport (1)
- H-Index (1)
- H5N1 (1)
- HADES (1)
- HCV (1)
- HDAC (1)
- HDAC-inhibition (1)
- HIV-1 (1)
- HIV/Aids (1)
- HNSCC (1)
- HPV (1)
- Halacsyetalia sendtneri (1)
- Halobacillus halophilus (1)
- Hand-foot syndrome (1)
- Hard-to-reach population (1)
- Hawkesbury Sandstone (1)
- Hazard Reduction Burn (1)
- Health care access (1)
- Health services research (1)
- Health-related quality of life (1)
- Healthcare personnel (1)
- Hearing enhancement (1)
- Heat Shock Protein (HSP) (1)
- Heat stress (1)
- Heavy Ions (1)
- Heavy-flavour production (1)
- Hebbian learning (1)
- Helicobacter pylori (1)
- Hemostatics (1)
- Heparan Sulfate (1)
- Herb induced liver injury (1)
- Herbal hepatotoxicity (1)
- Herbarium specimens (1)
- Hif-1 alpha (1)
- Hif1α (1)
- High-density lipoprotein (1)
- Himantopus (1)
- Hippocampus (1)
- Honneth (1)
- Hospital (1)
- Host Jump (1)
- Host-targeting agents (HTAs) (1)
- Hubbard model (1)
- Huisgen cycloaddition (1)
- Huntington (1)
- Hyaluronan (1)
- Hypernuclei (1)
- Hyperparasitism (1)
- I/O Model (1)
- IAPS (1)
- IAS (1)
- IBD (1)
- IKZF1 (1)
- IL-12 (1)
- Identity (1)
- Identität <Motiv> (1)
- Image Morphing (1)
- Immunohistochemistry (1)
- Immunology (1)
- In vitro (1)
- India (1)
- Indianer (1)
- Indigenes Volk (1)
- Infant leukemia (1)
- Infants (1)
- Inflammasome (1)
- Influenza vaccination (1)
- Inner ear therapy (1)
- Institutions (1)
- Insulin therapy (1)
- Intelligenz (1)
- Interactive 3D models (1)
- Interaktion (1)
- Interaktive Medien (1)
- Interferon-free HCV treatment (1)
- Intermediate host (1)
- International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (1)
- International Development (1)
- Internetliteratur (1)
- Intratympanic drug delivery (1)
- Invasion extent (1)
- Invasion lag phase (1)
- Invasive terrestrial arthropods (1)
- Inversionsfigur (1)
- Iran (1)
- Island of Maio (1)
- Isoëto-Nanojuncetea (1)
- Ivasive (1)
- Jealousy (1)
- Jets (1)
- Joachim Haupt (1)
- KRAS (1)
- Kafka, Franz (1)
- Kefalonia (1)
- Kind (1)
- Kinderliteratur (1)
- Knockout (1)
- Koelerio-Corynephoretea (1)
- Kolonialismus <Motiv> (1)
- Kroatien (1)
- Kruger National Park (1)
- L1-norm SVM (1)
- LASP1 (1)
- LHC (1)
- LHRH receptor (1)
- LUBAC (1)
- LVAD (1)
- Latin (1)
- Lattice QCD (1)
- Lattice gauge field theories (1)
- Life Force (1)
- Life Reform Movement (1)
- Life cycle strategy (1)
- Liphistiidae (1)
- Lipid trafficking (1)
- Literatur (1)
- Litter (1)
- Little Bora (1)
- Liver resection (1)
- Long term result (1)
- Long-term follow up (1)
- Longitudinal analysis (1)
- Low-dose X-irradiation (1)
- LuxR solos (1)
- Lymphangiogenesis (1)
- Lysimachia mauritiana (1)
- MAML2 (1)
- MARTINI force field (1)
- MBD (1)
- MCAK (1)
- MECP2 (1)
- MEG (1)
- MKP1 (1)
- MLH1 (1)
- MLL (1)
- MLL fusion proteins (1)
- MMP9 (1)
- MPM (1)
- MRSA (1)
- Macrotermes (1)
- Macula (1)
- Magnetic compass (1)
- Maintenance treatment (1)
- Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) (1)
- Major depressive disorder (1)
- Malaysia (1)
- Mania (1)
- Maori (1)
- MapReduce (1)
- Marianana (1)
- MaxEnt (1)
- Mcl-1 (1)
- Melanoma (1)
- Membrane Protein (1)
- Membrane Transport (1)
- Mental Model Construction (1)
- Menthol (1)
- Mesothelae (1)
- Metapher (1)
- Metastatic breast cancer (1)
- Methodologie (1)
- Methods (1)
- Mexico (1)
- Microarray (1)
- Microplastics (1)
- Midbrain/brainstem expression changes (1)
- Migrants (1)
- Millennium Development Goals (1)
- Misogyny (1)
- Mitoxantrone (1)
- MjNhaP1 (1)
- Molecular subtypes (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Motor neuron disease (1)
- Mott insulator (1)
- Multidetector computed tomography (1)
- Multistability (1)
- Multistable figures (1)
- Mutation (1)
- Myelin or myeloarchitecture (1)
- Myeloperoxidase (1)
- Myotonic dystrophy (1)
- Myrtle rust (1)
- Mythos (1)
- N-acetyl-L-cysteine (1)
- N-hydroxysuccinimide (1)
- NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (1)
- NEBL (1)
- NFAT (1)
- NFκB (1)
- NKG2D (1)
- NMDS (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR spectrum (1)
- NRAS (1)
- NS3/4A protease inhibitors (PI) (1)
- NS5A inhibitors (1)
- Namibia (1)
- Nation (1)
- National Planning Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences (1)
- Nationalbewusstsein (1)
- Nationaloper (1)
- Necrosis (Necrotic Death) (1)
- Neo-Latin (1)
- Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (1)
- Neobiota (1)
- Neogobius melanostomus (1)
- Neoplasms (1)
- Netherlands (1)
- Neuronal morphology (1)
- Neutron stars (1)
- NhaA (1)
- Niche modelling (1)
- Nicotine (1)
- Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- Non-aneurysmal (1)
- Non-negative matrix factorization (1)
- Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors (NNI) (1)
- Non-perimesencephalic (1)
- Noosphäre (1)
- Observational study (1)
- Optogenetics (1)
- Oral anticoagulation (1)
- Otolith (1)
- Out of Africa (1)
- Ovary (1)
- Overcompensation (1)
- Oxygen uptake (1)
- PDCD4 (1)
- PDEs (1)
- PDGFRβ (1)
- PLX4032 (1)
- PLX4720 (1)
- PROMISE (1)
- PTEN (1)
- Paasche, Hans (1)
- Pacific Ocean islands (1)
- Paediatric Investigation Plan (1)
- Paediatric oncology (1)
- Pain (1)
- Parasite infection (1)
- Parkinsons disease (1)
- Parkinson’s disease (1)
- Pathologic complete response (1)
- Patient care planning (1)
- Patient preference (1)
- Patient-centered care (1)
- Patient-centred care (1)
- Patients (1)
- Peak overlap (1)
- Peak picking (1)
- Pendjari National Park (1)
- Perilymph (1)
- Perimesencephalic (1)
- Pest slug (1)
- Phase 2 (1)
- Philogyny (1)
- Philosophische Untersuchungen (1)
- Photoreceptor (1)
- Photoreduction (1)
- Phylloscopidae (1)
- Phylogeography (1)
- Physician report (1)
- PhytoCalc model (1)
- Pink esthetic score (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasmodium (1)
- Plastic endoprosthesis (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Plk1 (1)
- Plk1 inhibitors (1)
- Polarity index (1)
- Polarization (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Pooling (1)
- Positive Selection (1)
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (1)
- Postoperative radiochemotherapy (1)
- Precipitation modelling (1)
- Precompetitive development (1)
- Predominant polarity (1)
- Prepontine (1)
- Presynaptic vesicles (1)
- Private values (1)
- Processing Fluency (1)
- Product Design (1)
- Prostatic neoplasms (1)
- Protected area (1)
- Protein tyrosine modification (1)
- Proto-Slavic (1)
- Puccinia psidii (1)
- Pulmonata (1)
- QCD phase transition (1)
- QCD vector interaction strength (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Quantitative MRI (1)
- Quantum chromodynamics (1)
- Quark-gluon Plasmap (1)
- Quark-gluon plasma (1)
- Queensland flora (1)
- Questionnaire (1)
- Quickselect (1)
- Quiscalus mexicanus (1)
- RDA (1)
- RHIC (1)
- RNA helicase (1)
- RNA interference (1)
- RNA processing machinery (1)
- RNA sequencing (1)
- RNA structure (1)
- RNActive (1)
- RNA–protein complex (1)
- ROS (1)
- Radical pair mechanisms (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Rate of spread (1)
- Real-time semi-quantitative PCR (1)
- Reception Theory (1)
- Reconstruction (1)
- Recurvirostridae (1)
- Red List status (1)
- Regulatory framework (1)
- Religious studies (1)
- Remote sensing data (1)
- Renal cell carcinoma (1)
- Reproducibility/stability (1)
- Reproductive Strategies (1)
- Resonance Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Resting state (1)
- Retinal (1)
- Review (1)
- Rezeption (1)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (1)
- Risk factor (1)
- Risk stratification (1)
- Role and Reference Grammar (1)
- Rotenone (1)
- Round window membrane (1)
- S-azidoacyl-N-acetylcysteamine (1)
- SAH close (1)
- SMAP1 (1)
- SOD (1)
- SPTAN1 (1)
- STAR (1)
- STAT5 (1)
- STS privacy research (1)
- Sahel (1)
- Salmonella typhimurium (1)
- Satellite images (1)
- Schizophrenia (1)
- Scientometria (1)
- Selenium (1)
- Selenoproteins (1)
- Self-assessment (1)
- Self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) (1)
- Self-report (1)
- Semantik (1)
- Sen (1)
- Senjska i Modruška (Krbavska) biskupija (1)
- Sharpin (1)
- Siegel, Don (1)
- Silicosis (1)
- Silver in situ hybridization (1)
- Single electrons (1)
- Slavic accentology (1)
- Slovene (1)
- Small Leucine-rich Proteoglycan (SLRP) (1)
- Smut Fungi (1)
- Social isolation (1)
- Social support (1)
- Sociobiology (1)
- Sociocognitive predictors (1)
- Sodium Proton Exchange (1)
- Soil water retention curve (1)
- Solid Supported Membrane (1)
- Solid supported membrane (1)
- Soluble gp140 Env (1)
- Sorafenib (1)
- Source reconstruction (1)
- South African giraffe (1)
- Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas (1)
- Soziobiologie (1)
- Sparse models (1)
- Spartina densiflora (1)
- Species distribution modelling (1)
- Species distribution models (1)
- Spectral functions (1)
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1)
- Spin alignment (1)
- Spine density (1)
- Splitting (psychology) (1)
- Sprache (1)
- Sprachphilosophie (1)
- Standard risk (1)
- Stangov zakon (1)
- Stang’s law (1)
- Statistical models (1)
- Stellarietea mediae (1)
- Stereotypie (1)
- Strangeness production (1)
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (1)
- Sudden cardiac death (1)
- Supplementation (1)
- Survival analysis (1)
- Susceptibilities (1)
- Sustainable Development Goals (1)
- Syntax (1)
- Szigetvár / Belagerung <1566> (1)
- São Nicolau Island (1)
- TIA-1 (1)
- TMC435 (1)
- TNFR1 (1)
- TRAIL (1)
- Taiwan (1)
- Targeted therapy (1)
- Temporal processing (1)
- Territorial songs (1)
- Th1 polarization (1)
- The Beguiled (1)
- The Decameron (1)
- Theft (1)
- Thermoanaerobacter kivui (1)
- Three-dimensional in vitro modeling (1)
- Thyroid disease (1)
- Tissue engineering (1)
- Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (1)
- Tracheal Intubation (1)
- Transcatheter based aortic valve implantation (1)
- Transcriptome (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transport properties (1)
- Transporter (1)
- Trastuzumab (1)
- Triamcinolone acetonide (1)
- Trust Game (1)
- Tumor growth (1)
- Tumor microenvironment (1)
- Turks (1)
- U-turn (1)
- USA (1)
- Ukraine (1)
- Unemployment (1)
- Upper Myall River (1)
- Urban Heat Island (1)
- Uredo rangelii (1)
- Ureter (1)
- Urothelial cells (1)
- Ursidae (1)
- Ursprung des deutschen Trauerspiels (1)
- V3 loop (1)
- VBM (1)
- VDR (1)
- VEGFR (1)
- VEGFR-2 (1)
- VEGFR-3 (1)
- Vegetation map (1)
- Vein (1)
- Veino-lymphatic separation (1)
- Vemurafenib (1)
- Video (1)
- Videolaryngoscopy (1)
- Vincristine (1)
- Visual Complexity (1)
- Visual Prototypicality (1)
- Vitalism (1)
- Wahrnehmungswechsel (1)
- Ward–Green–Takahashi identities (1)
- Water framework directive (1)
- Weak interactions (1)
- Weather generator (1)
- WegenerNet (1)
- West African plants (1)
- Western Indian Ocean (1)
- Winterson (1)
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1)
- Working memory (1)
- World Heritage Site (1)
- World Trade Organization (1)
- Wortassoziation (1)
- Wu, Daoxuan (1)
- Xenophilie (1)
- ZMB (1)
- Zajc, Ivan / Nikola Šubić Zrinjski (1)
- Zukunft (1)
- ablation techniques (1)
- accentuation (1)
- acetylcholine (1)
- acute attacks (1)
- acute lung injury (1)
- adaption (1)
- adaptive immune escape (1)
- adenovirus (1)
- adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) (1)
- adjuvant chemotherapy (1)
- afterlife (1)
- afterschool care center (1)
- aging (1)
- akcentuacija (1)
- albumin (1)
- alien birds (1)
- alien species (1)
- alien trees (1)
- alkali grasslands (1)
- ambiguous perception (1)
- ambiguous structure-from-motion (SFM) (1)
- amphiregulin (1)
- antitumor immunity (1)
- antiviral (1)
- apixaban (1)
- aquatic environment (1)
- arachnology (1)
- arboretum (1)
- archaea (1)
- archeobiota (1)
- architecture (1)
- arsenic trioxide (1)
- arterial hypertension (1)
- artificial tropical ecosystem (1)
- asexual reproduction (1)
- assessment of reference bias (1)
- astroglia (1)
- ataxia telangiectasia (1)
- aviscumine (1)
- azido-fatty acids (1)
- baicalein (1)
- band insulator (1)
- baroreflex (1)
- being moved (1)
- bibliometry (1)
- big data (1)
- bilayer square lattice (1)
- binocular rivalry (1)
- biochanin A (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- bioelement content (1)
- biogenic amine (1)
- biological invasions (1)
- biomass (1)
- biophysics (1)
- biosecurity (1)
- bistability (1)
- bitopic transmembrane α-helix (1)
- black-winged stilt (1)
- blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (1)
- book choice criteria (1)
- border control (1)
- botanical garden (1)
- boutons (1)
- brain metastasis (1)
- breeding grounds (1)
- bryophyte (1)
- burden of illness (1)
- bush encroachment (1)
- c-kit (1)
- calcium dynamics (1)
- calorimeter: electromagnetic (1)
- cancer immunotherapy (1)
- canonical visitations (1)
- carbapenemase (1)
- carbodiimide (1)
- cardiovascular pharmacology (1)
- carrier sanctions (1)
- cave-dweller (1)
- cdk2/cyclin A (1)
- cell biology (1)
- cell fate (1)
- cell identity (1)
- cell-cell communication (1)
- cellular signaling (1)
- ceramide phosphoinositols (1)
- channelrhodopsin (1)
- chemokines (1)
- chickpea genome sequence (1)
- children (1)
- chromosome alignment (1)
- chronic liver disease (CLD) (1)
- cichlid (1)
- cigarette (1)
- citation (1)
- citizen science (1)
- classification tree (1)
- click-chemistry (1)
- climate change (1)
- climate data (1)
- clogging (1)
- coalescence (1)
- coastal east Asia (1)
- coastal habitats (1)
- coastal reef fish (1)
- cocaine (1)
- cochlea (1)
- coco de mer palm (1)
- coercion (1)
- cognition (1)
- cognitive penetrability (1)
- cognitive skills (1)
- collaborative feedback (1)
- colloid (1)
- colonisation (1)
- common neighbor (1)
- community ecology (1)
- compatible solutes (1)
- compensatory role of congruence (1)
- complex span (1)
- complex systems (1)
- complexity (1)
- comprehensive care (1)
- compression (1)
- concept (1)
- concepts (1)
- condition (1)
- cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) (1)
- conformational changes (1)
- conformity (1)
- conservation status (1)
- consumer behavior (1)
- content acquisition (1)
- contraction method (1)
- control region (1)
- copulatory organs (1)
- cortex (1)
- cortical networks (1)
- cortical slices (1)
- crawling architecture (1)
- critical theory (1)
- critique (1)
- crkveni jezik (1)
- cross-border (1)
- cross-communication (1)
- cryptogenic birds (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- crystalloid (1)
- culture (1)
- cyclization (1)
- cyclooctyne (1)
- cyclooxygenase (1)
- cytotoxic immunotherapy (1)
- dabigatran (1)
- data base tool (1)
- data pruning (1)
- data structures (1)
- decision making (1)
- deepSuperSAGE (1)
- deer browsing (1)
- degradation (1)
- deleted t (1)
- dendritic cell–tumor cell fusion (1)
- denervation (1)
- description (1)
- desertification (1)
- desiccation (1)
- detailed modeling (1)
- development (1)
- diaspore (1)
- differentiation (1)
- dijelovi rečenice (1)
- dimer interface formation (1)
- discourse (1)
- dispersal (1)
- distributed computation (1)
- dithiourea (1)
- domination (1)
- dopamine (1)
- doseg (1)
- dry grassland (1)
- eHumanities (1)
- ecclesiastical language (1)
- ecological versatility (1)
- economics (1)
- edoxaban (1)
- educational theory (1)
- eicosanoid (1)
- eighteenth century (1)
- electrical stimulation (1)
- electroencephalography (EEG) (1)
- electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (EMN, ENB) (1)
- electron cryo-microscopy (1)
- electronics: readout (1)
- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (1)
- emotion concepts (1)
- emotion regulation (1)
- emotion understanding and knowledge (1)
- emotional competence (1)
- emotional well-being (1)
- endangered plant species (1)
- endemics (1)
- endothelin (1)
- endothelin receptor type A antagonist (1)
- enrichment (1)
- entity and event extraction (1)
- entomopathogenic bacteria (1)
- environment (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epidermal growth factor (1)
- epigenetic memory (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- epiregulin (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- eradication (1)
- erythropoietin (1)
- ether lipids (1)
- evaluation (1)
- excitation transport (1)
- exotic (1)
- exotic birds (1)
- exotic species (1)
- expertise (1)
- extensive reading (1)
- external dispersal (1)
- extinction rate (1)
- face recognition (1)
- faculty development (1)
- family rituals (1)
- fatigue (1)
- fatty acid dependency (1)
- fatty acid desaturation (1)
- fatty acid metabolism (1)
- fear conditioning (1)
- female (1)
- fibre: optical (1)
- firing pattern (1)
- first occurrence (1)
- first record (1)
- floristic composition (1)
- floristics (1)
- fluid (1)
- forestry (1)
- forming (1)
- fragmentation (1)
- free word association (1)
- full-contour zirconia (1)
- functional connectivity (1)
- functional limit theorem (1)
- functional sentence perspective (1)
- functional traits (1)
- funkcionalistički pogled na rečenicu (1)
- gait adaptation (1)
- geckos (1)
- gender studies (1)
- gene conversion (1)
- gene expression (1)
- gene expression profiling (1)
- generalised system of preferences (1)
- generating functionals (1)
- generic impact scoring system (1)
- glacial relicts (1)
- glagolska akcentuacija (1)
- glagolski pridjev radni (1)
- glioma (1)
- global change (1)
- global inequality (1)
- global institutional reform (1)
- global justice (1)
- global warming (1)
- glutamine synthetase (1)
- gradišćanski hrvatski (1)
- gram-negative bacteria (1)
- gramatika uloga i referenci (1)
- graph algorithms (1)
- graph theory (1)
- great-tailed grackle (1)
- grinding (1)
- guanidine alkaloid (1)
- guideline (1)
- habitat (1)
- habitat destruction (1)
- habitat heterogeneity (1)
- habitat quality (1)
- haloferax volcanii (1)
- halophile (1)
- harvestmen (1)
- hashing (1)
- hay-meadows (1)
- healthcare personnel (1)
- heart failure (1)
- hepatitis C virus (1)
- hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (1)
- herbaceous understorey (1)
- hereditary angioedema (1)
- hereditary angioedema, (1)
- heteronormativity (1)
- high pressure (1)
- high throughput (1)
- high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation (1)
- highly parallel recordings (1)
- histone modification (1)
- histone modifications (1)
- history (1)
- homeostatic adaption (1)
- hospital (1)
- hrvatska dijalektologija (1)
- human intracranial recordings (1)
- human rights (1)
- humpback whale (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hydrogen bond (1)
- hypertonic (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- ideology (1)
- immigration (1)
- immune escape (1)
- immune surveillance of cancer (1)
- immunology (1)
- impact (1)
- imported malaria (1)
- incised watercourse (1)
- increased vigour (1)
- indefinite pronouns (1)
- indicator species (1)
- individualized therapy (1)
- inequality (1)
- infection eradication (1)
- infiltration testing (1)
- influence (1)
- influenza vaccination (1)
- information storage (1)
- inheritance (1)
- innate immune system (1)
- insect (1)
- insecticide (1)
- institutional reform goals (1)
- intensive care (1)
- inter-disciplinarity (1)
- interaction effect (1)
- interculturality (1)
- interleukins (1)
- internal transcribed spacer rDNA (1)
- internalized heterosexism (1)
- intraspecific variation (1)
- intrinsic vs extrinsic factors (1)
- introduced birds (1)
- introduced species (1)
- introduction (1)
- introgressive hybridization (1)
- invasion (1)
- invasion success (1)
- invasions (1)
- invasive birds (1)
- irbesartan (1)
- islands (1)
- isradipine (1)
- kanonske vizitacije (1)
- keratinocytes (1)
- kettle hole (1)
- key comparisons (1)
- kompenzacijska uloga sročnosti (1)
- l-DOPA (1)
- l-participle (1)
- labour standards (1)
- land degradation (1)
- land use (1)
- land use change (1)
- landscape-scale diversity (1)
- large ungulate (1)
- latent factors (1)
- latinski jezik (1)
- leukemia initiating cell (1)
- level-specific model fit (1)
- lichen (1)
- light harvesting networks (1)
- light-gated ion channel (1)
- light–energy conversion (1)
- likelihood ratio test (1)
- linear regression (1)
- linguistic representation (1)
- lipid profiles (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- literature-based intervention (1)
- liver (1)
- local information dynamics (1)
- local radiotherapy (1)
- locomotion (1)
- long-term prophylaxis (1)
- longitudinal studies (1)
- low-frequency sound (1)
- mRNA vaccine (1)
- mTOR (1)
- macroroles (1)
- macular hole (1)
- makrouloge (1)
- malaria elimination (1)
- management (1)
- mandatory reporting (1)
- mapping (1)
- mark-recapture (1)
- markets (1)
- masculinity (1)
- matrix metalloprotease (1)
- medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (1)
- medical education (1)
- medical teacher (1)
- melanoma (1)
- memory consolidation and extinction (1)
- memory updating (1)
- mermithid worm (1)
- metastatic cancer (1)
- metastatic melanoma stage IV (1)
- miRNA let-7e (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microbial rhodopsin (1)
- microplasmin (1)
- microplastics (1)
- microsatellite (1)
- microtubule-targeting agents (1)
- migration (1)
- mitogen-activated protein kinase (1)
- mobility (1)
- model evaluation (1)
- model system (1)
- modeling (1)
- modeling and simulation (1)
- modelling of species (1)
- models of computation (1)
- moisture gradient (1)
- molluscs (1)
- monkeys (1)
- montane swamp (1)
- mortality (1)
- motifs (1)
- mouse (1)
- mouse retina (1)
- mouse tissues (1)
- mtDNA (1)
- multi-locus analyses (1)
- multidrug resistance (1)
- multilevel structural equation modeling (1)
- multipolarity (1)
- multiunit activity (1)
- muscarinic receptor (1)
- muscle activity (1)
- music (1)
- mutually exclusive mutations (1)
- myxobacteria (1)
- n-back (1)
- native (1)
- natural compounds (1)
- natural product (1)
- natural speech processes (1)
- negative prefix (1)
- negative priming (1)
- neo cirkumfleks (1)
- neo-circumflex (1)
- neocortex development (1)
- neodređene zamjenice (1)
- network topology (1)
- neural dynamics (1)
- neuromuscular junction (1)
- neuron (1)
- neuroprotection (1)
- new record (1)
- new records (1)
- new species (1)
- new synonymies (1)
- new synonymy (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- next-generation sequencing (1)
- niječni prefiks (1)
- noise-induced hearing loss (1)
- nomenclatural revision (1)
- non-native (1)
- non-native birds (1)
- non-small cell lung cancer (1)
- nonnative (1)
- nonrandom connectivity (1)
- normativity (1)
- north western slopes (1)
- novolatinski jezik (1)
- ntracellular signaling (1)
- nuclear architecture (1)
- nutrients (1)
- objective functions (1)
- obligatory control (1)
- obvezna kontrola (1)
- ocriplasmin (1)
- open forest (1)
- open quantum systems (1)
- open structure (1)
- oral anticoagulation (1)
- ordination (1)
- osmoregulation (1)
- other-race effect (1)
- oxylipin (1)
- p16 (1)
- p21 (1)
- p53 (1)
- pH Regulation (1)
- paleoendemism (1)
- parallel (1)
- parasitism (1)
- parliament libraries (1)
- parts of the sentence (1)
- patient-reported outcomes (1)
- peat depth (1)
- peer effects (1)
- peer groups (1)
- peginterferon-α (1)
- perception (1)
- perception of deletion (1)
- permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements (1)
- pharmacologic vitreolysis (1)
- phase II trial (1)
- phase transition (1)
- phase-shift (1)
- phenology (1)
- photo identification (1)
- phylogenetic network (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- phylogeography (1)
- physiological dormancy (1)
- phytocoenology (1)
- plant bio-mass (1)
- plant communities (1)
- plant community (1)
- plant debris (1)
- plant ecology (1)
- plant invasion (1)
- plastic (1)
- polishing (1)
- polyploidy (1)
- pond (1)
- population genetics (1)
- population-based surveillance (1)
- post-metaphysical (1)
- post-transcriptional regulation (1)
- posterior vitreous detachment (1)
- pp collisions (1)
- praslavenski (1)
- preadaptation (1)
- predictive biomarkers (1)
- predictive coding (1)
- pregnancy (1)
- prepositions (1)
- pricing (1)
- prijedlozi (1)
- prioritization (1)
- privacy theory (1)
- prosocial feelings (1)
- prostate cancer cells (1)
- protein stability (1)
- protonated cytidine (1)
- psychology (1)
- psychometrics (1)
- psychosocial studies (1)
- pulmonary hypertension (1)
- qualified market access (1)
- qualitative privacy research (1)
- qualitative research (1)
- quality of life (1)
- quantitative privacy research (1)
- quantum transport (1)
- quicksort (1)
- quinazoline ribonucleosides (1)
- quinazolinone alkylation (1)
- quorum quenching (1)
- quorum sensing (1)
- radiation (1)
- radionuclide imaging (1)
- rainforest (1)
- ranking list (1)
- rare spider (1)
- re-greening (1)
- reactive oxygen species (1)
- reading motivation (1)
- reciprocity (1)
- recommendations (1)
- reconstruction (1)
- recurrent mutations (1)
- red riječi (1)
- rediscovery (1)
- reference bias (1)
- regional ecosystems (1)
- remodelling (1)
- research funding (1)
- research network (1)
- resistance (1)
- resource utilization (1)
- response retrieval (1)
- resting-state (1)
- restoration (1)
- resuscitation (1)
- retina development (1)
- reversed phase (1)
- reversible figures (1)
- review (1)
- revisitation study (1)
- ribavirin (1)
- ribosome biogenesis (1)
- ribosome-inactivating protein (1)
- rising powers (1)
- risk (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- rivaroxaban (1)
- robust test statistic (1)
- root nodules (1)
- roughness (1)
- salinity gradient (1)
- salivary gland (1)
- school children (1)
- scientometry (1)
- scope (1)
- seamounts (1)
- second and third graders (1)
- second harmonic generation (1)
- secondary seed dispersal (1)
- seed germination (1)
- seedling (1)
- segetal communities (1)
- segment reconstruction (1)
- selection (1)
- selective attention (1)
- self-administration (1)
- self-organized criticality (1)
- semantic content analysis (1)
- semantics (1)
- semiconductors (1)
- senescence (1)
- sequencing (1)
- shock (1)
- short-term prophylaxis (1)
- simeprevir (1)
- single particle analysis (1)
- sintaksa (1)
- skin inflammation (1)
- slavenska akcentologija (1)
- sleep (1)
- slovenski (1)
- small nucleolar RNA (1)
- smoking (1)
- social Web (1)
- social cognitive (1)
- social cohesion (1)
- social influence (1)
- social sciences (1)
- sociology (1)
- sociotechnical privacy (1)
- soil depth (1)
- soil pH (1)
- soil restoration (1)
- solitary pulmonary nodule (1)
- sorting (1)
- sovereignty (1)
- species composition (1)
- species tree (1)
- spider (1)
- spiders (1)
- spike train analysis (1)
- spiking neural networks (1)
- spindle assembly (1)
- spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (1)
- stability (1)
- stage II/III colorectal cancer (1)
- stakeholder (1)
- steppe (1)
- strained promoted cycloadditon (1)
- structural equation modeling (1)
- structure-function relationships (1)
- sub-tomogram averaging (1)
- subventricular zone (SVZ) (1)
- succinct data structures (1)
- survey and mapping (1)
- survival (1)
- symbiotic nitrogen fixation (1)
- sympathetic nervous system (1)
- synaptic plasticity (1)
- synesthesia (1)
- syntax (1)
- systematic sampling (1)
- systems theory (1)
- t(6;9) (1)
- tariffs (1)
- technology (1)
- teenage readers (1)
- telecommunication (1)
- template bias (1)
- template matching (1)
- termitaria (1)
- text analysis (1)
- text search (1)
- the allen institute for brain science (1)
- the communicative competence (1)
- the educational and cognitive preparation (1)
- the future lawyer (1)
- the professional preparation (1)
- therapy (1)
- threatened species (1)
- thyroid nodule (1)
- tilapia (1)
- top-down control (1)
- topic detection (1)
- toxicity (1)
- trade justice (1)
- trajectories (1)
- trampling (1)
- transactivation (1)
- transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) (1)
- transbronchial biopsy (TBB) (1)
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (1)
- transition probability (1)
- translocated birds (1)
- triple therapy (1)
- tropism (1)
- tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (1)
- tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (1)
- tumor response (1)
- tumor suppressor (1)
- tumor-specific antigen expressing dendritic cells (1)
- ubiquitin (1)
- ultra-performance liquid chromatography (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- vagrancy (1)
- valuation (1)
- variational Monte Carlo (1)
- vector (1)
- vegetation classification (1)
- vegetation cover (1)
- vegetation mapping (1)
- veneering porcelain (1)
- ventricular zone (VZ) (1)
- verbal accentuation (1)
- visual attention (1)
- visual system (1)
- vitreomacular traction (1)
- voltage sensitive dye imaging (1)
- warburg (1)
- water sensitive urban design (1)
- web crawler (1)
- weed ecology (1)
- western Slovakia (1)
- wolf spider (1)
- word order (1)
- working memory (1)
- young adult fiction (1)
- zoogeography (1)
- Ästhetik (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- β-diversity (1)
- β-oxidation (1)
- γH2AX (1)
Institute
- Medizin (226)
- Biowissenschaften (75)
- Physik (56)
- Geowissenschaften (34)
- Biochemie und Chemie (31)
- Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F) (28)
- Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (26)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (20)
- Psychologie (17)
- E-Finance Lab e.V. (16)
The paper is aimed at contributing to an empirically grounded understanding of the psychosocial dynamics that underlie the relation between heteronormative images of masculinity, internalized heterosexism and health behavior of gay men in the global North. It is based on a qualitative interview study that focuses on the consequences of the internalization of dominant images of masculinity for the identity constructions of gay men and their HIV-related sexual risk behavior in Germany. In the paper it will be argued that 1) the tension between the authoritative image of masculinity that is determined by heteronormative discourses one the one hand and the gendered self-image that is shaped and threatened by connotations of a non-masculine homosexuality on the other constitutes a decisive issue of gay identity constructions, 2) a higher sexual risk behavior can be understood as a possible consequence of the internalization of masculine images and its impact on the self-esteem, if the self-image does not match the male ideal, and 3) this may include a paradoxical desire for the imagined masculinity that is experienced as violent with regard to one’s own psychodynamics. Finally, perspectives on gay masculinities that may transgress dominant heteronormative modes of subjectification are discussed.
Franz Kafka's (1883-1924) "Die Brücke" is one of the less well-known texts by one of the most prolific authors of literary modernity. However, this short prose text embodies prevalent questions of literary modernity and philosophy as it reflects the crisis of language in regard of identity, communication, and literary production. Placed in the context of fin-de-siècle's discourse of language crisis, this article provides a dialogue between Kafka's "Die Brücke" and Hannah Arendt's (1906-1975) philosophy of thinking and speaking in "The Life of the Mind". Contrary to Arendt's understanding of the metaphor as "a carrying over" between the mental activities of the solitude thinker and a reconciliation with the pluralistic world shared with others, this article argues for a deconstructionist reading of "Die Brücke" as a tool to reevaluate Arendt"s notion of a shared human experience ensured through language and illustrates the advantages of poetic texts within philosophical discourses.
Vasointestinal peptide metabolism plays a key physiological role in multimodular levels of vasodilatory, smooth muscle cell proliferative, parenchymal, and inflammatory lung reactions. In animal studies, vasointestinal peptide relaxes isolated pulmonary arterial segments from several mammalian species in vitro and neutralizes the pulmonary vasoconstrictor effect of endothelin. In some animal models, it reduces pulmonary vascular resistance in vivo and in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. A 58-year-old woman presented with dyspnea and mild edema of the lower extremities. A bronchoscopy was performed without any suspicious findings suggesting a central tumor or other infiltrative disease. Endobronchial ultrasound revealed enlarged pulmonary arteries containing thrombi, a few enlarged lymph nodes, and enlarged mediastinal tissue anatomy with suspicion for mediastinal infiltration of a malignant process. We estimated that less than 10% of the peripheral vascular bed of the lung was involved in direct consolidated fibrosis as demonstrated in the left upper lobe apex. Further, direct involvement of fibrosis around the main stems of the pulmonary arteries was assumed to be low from positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans. Assuming a positive influence of low-dose radiation, it was not expected that this could have reduced pulmonary vascular resistance by over two thirds of the initial result. However; it was noted that this patient had idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension mixed with "acute" (mediastinal) fibrosis which could have contributed to the unexpected success of reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, probably as a result of low-dose radiation to the pulmonary arterial main stems. The patient continues to have no specific complaints concerning her idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.
"Great technology, football and ..." : Malaysian language learners' stereotypes about Germany
(2014)
This study focuses on stereotypes about Germany, its culture and people, held by learners of German in a big public university in Malaysia. It examines not only the stereotypical representations of the target language country but also assesses its favourability and salience, which has not been done previously. The findings revealed that the students' stereotypes about Germany were varied and diverse. Also, they were overwhelmingly positive. The top three salient categories of images about Germany were related to technology, famous personalities – for the most part football players and scientists – and cars. The findings also indicated that very few references had been made to German culture and to its great cultural figures. The results of the present study suggest that students could benefit from a wider and deeper exposure to German culture in the language classroom.
"I Am a Hottentot" : africanist mimicry and green xenophilia in Hans Paasche and Karen Blixen
(2014)
Claims that industrialized western countries must reform their environmental practices have often been made with reference to less-developed non-western societies living in greater "harmony" or "balance" with the natural world. Examples of what I call green xenophilia (from the Greek "xenos", meaning strange, unknown or foreign, and "philia", meaning love or attraction), are myriad, wide-ranging and culturally dispersed. They range from the appearance of the iconic "crying Indian" in anti-pollution TV and newspaper spots in the months leading up to the first Earth Day on April 22 1970 to numerous environmentalist individuals' and groups' use of the fabricated "Chief Seattle's Speech" as an authoritative touchstone of ecological consciousness, and from the British Schumacher College's endorsement of India as a source of simplicity, holism, humility, vegetarianism etc. to leading deep ecologists' advocacy of East Asian religions (especially Buddhism, Jainism and Taoism) as "biocentric" alternatives to "anthropocentric" Christianity (Rolston 1987; Dunaway 2008; Krupat 2011; Corrywright 2010). Invocations of non-western cultures, identities and worldviews have proved potent heuristic devices, enabling greens both to critique the status quo and to gesture (however schematically) towards the possibility of alternatives. Pervasive media-borne ideas and images like "the Green Tibet" (Huber 1997) and "the ecological Indian" (Krech 1999) have given environmentalist ideas about the good life physical incarnation, making them seem less remote and abstract. Yet the prevalence of xenophile dis course has also made environmentalism vulnerable to recurrent accusations of romantic primitivism, orientalism and exoticism, as western greens have sometimes (though not always) appeared to buttress traditional socio-cultural norms in the very act of challenging them (Guha 1989; Lohmann 1993; Bartholomeusz 1998). What is gained and what is risked when western greens speak about, with, for or as "the other"? In this essay I engage with two early-twentieth-century North European writers, the German Hans Paasche (1881-1921) and the Dane Karen Blixen (1885-1962), whose works bring this question to the forefront. Critical of European industrialization, and awkwardly positioned vis-a-vis their upper-class social milieus, Paasche and Blixen wrote as self-made "Africans", testing the limits between colonialism, anti-colonialism and emergent forms of environmentalism and green" lifestyle reform. More precisely, Paasche in "Die Forschungsreise des Afrikaners Lukanga Kukara ins Innerste Deutschland" ("The African Lukanga Mukara's Research Joumey into the Innermost of Germany" (1912-1913) and Blixen in "Out of Africa" (1937) deploy the ambiguous form of mimicry that Susan Gubar labels "racechange", impersonating or appropriating culturally other voices and perspectives on animals, food, physical embodiment and human-natural relations (Gubar 1997). Paasche and Blixen, I argue, used their considerable intercultural insight to construct images of Africa that they hoped would stand in redemptive contrast to the humanly and environmentally ruinous beliefs and practices of European modernity. I am interested in the acts of ethnic and textual self-alienation that these writers perform because they highlight the discursive, ethical and political ambiguities of green xenophilia - ambiguities that can be explored from different positions within the developing field of ecocritical studies.
Background: Health Authorities recommend influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel (HCP) to decrease the transmission of influenza to vulnerable patients. Recent studies have almost exclusively used quantitative questionnaires in order to identify determinants of vaccination behaviour. Interviews enable HCP to express freely why they think they are (not) willing to get vaccinated against influenza.
Methods: By means of semi-structured one-on-one interviews with 123 Belgian, Dutch and German HCP, reasons for and against vaccination, experiences with influenza vaccination, intention to get vaccinated and possible barriers, as well as willingness to advice influenza vaccination to patients were investigated. Data were processed with QSR NVivo 8.0 and analysed using a combination of a deductive and a general inductive approach.
Results: Across countries, self-protection, patient protection, and protection of family members were reported as most important reasons to get vaccinated against influenza. Reasons to not get vaccinated against influenza were fear of side effects caused by the vaccine, a low risk-perception, the disbelief in the effectiveness of influenza vaccination, organizational barriers, misconceptions, and undefined negative emotions.
Conclusions: The social cognitive variables underlying the decision of HCP to get vaccinated against influenza (or not) seem to be similar in Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands, even though some differences surfaced. A quantitative investigation of those social cognitive variables is needed in order to determine the importance of the social cognitive variables in explaining the intention to get vaccinated and the importance of the similarities and differences between countries that have been found in this study.
To explicate what distinguishes pain, Benjamin elaborates: "Of all corporeal feelings, pain alone is like a navigable river which never dries up and which leads man down to the sea. [...] Pain [...] is a link between worlds. This is why organic pleasure is intermittent, whereas pain can be permanent. This comparison of pleasure and pain explains why the cause of pain is irrelevant for the understanding of man's nature, whereas the source of his greatest pleasure is extremely important. For every pain, even the most trivial one, can lead upward to the highest religious suffering, whereas pleasure is not capable of any enhancement, and owes any nobility it possesses to the grace of its birth - that is to say, its source. (SW I, 397)" In these important lines, pain's unique strength is linked not to its origin (this is reserved for pleasure), but rather to the way that its strenuous flow throughout the suffering body has the power to lead it to infinite heights. In contrast to pleasure, which is forever seeking out its sources, pain manifests itself most consummately when it is intensified; it fulfills itself most deeply by gradually reenforcing its own fortitude. To make sense of pain, therefore, we must understand the nature of its 'movement': and in Benjamin's metaphor of the "navigable river" - its flow. In what follows, I develop Benjamin's idea of the nature of pain as manifested in the internal law of its ,ow in two other of Benjamin's texts: 'Berlin Childhood Around 1900' (1934) and 'Thought Figures' (1933).
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C28H42N2O5·H2O, consists of one half of the organic molecule and one half-molecule of water, both of which are located on a mirror plane which passes through the central C atoms and the hydroxyl group of the heterocyclic system. The hydroxyl group at the central ring is disordered over two equally occupied positions. The six-membered ring adopts a chair conformation, and the 2-hydroxybenzyl substituents occupy the sterically preferred equatorial positions. The aromatic rings make dihedral angles of 75.57 (9)° with the mean plane of the heterocyclic ring. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 19.18 (10)°. The molecular structure features two intramolecular phenolic O-H...N hydrogen bonds with graph-set motif S(6). In the crystal, molecules are connected via O-H...O hydrogen bonds into zigzag chains running along the a-axis direction.
1D-3D hybrid modeling : from multi-compartment models to full resolution models in space and time
(2014)
Investigation of cellular and network dynamics in the brain by means of modeling and simulation has evolved into a highly interdisciplinary field, that uses sophisticated modeling and simulation approaches to understand distinct areas of brain function. Depending on the underlying complexity, these models vary in their level of detail, in order to cope with the attached computational cost. Hence for large network simulations, single neurons are typically reduced to time-dependent signal processors, dismissing the spatial aspect of each cell. For single cell or networks with relatively small numbers of neurons, general purpose simulators allow for space and time-dependent simulations of electrical signal processing, based on the cable equation theory. An emerging field in Computational Neuroscience encompasses a new level of detail by incorporating the full three-dimensional morphology of cells and organelles into three-dimensional, space and time-dependent, simulations. While every approach has its advantages and limitations, such as computational cost, integrated and methods-spanning simulation approaches, depending on the network size could establish new ways to investigate the brain. In this paper we present a hybrid simulation approach, that makes use of reduced 1D-models using e.g., the NEURON simulator—which couples to fully resolved models for simulating cellular and sub-cellular dynamics, including the detailed three-dimensional morphology of neurons and organelles. In order to couple 1D- and 3D-simulations, we present a geometry-, membrane potential- and intracellular concentration mapping framework, with which graph- based morphologies, e.g., in the swc- or hoc-format, are mapped to full surface and volume representations of the neuron and computational data from 1D-simulations can be used as boundary conditions for full 3D simulations and vice versa. Thus, established models and data, based on general purpose 1D-simulators, can be directly coupled to the emerging field of fully resolved, highly detailed 3D-modeling approaches. We present the developed general framework for 1D/3D hybrid modeling and apply it to investigate electrically active neurons and their intracellular spatio-temporal calcium dynamics.
In the title solvate, C14H12N2O·0.5C6H6, the complete benzene molecule is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. The dihedral angle between the planes of the benzimidazole moiety and the phenol substituent is 75.28 (3)°. In the crystal, O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the molecules into parallel chains propagating along [100]. The molecules are further connected by C—H⋯π interactions.
The radiative capture cross section of 238U is very important for the developing of new reactor technologies and the safety of existing ones. Here the preliminary results of the 238U(n,γ) cross section measurement performed at n_TOF with C6D6 scintillation detectors are presented, paying particular attention to data reduction and background subtraction.
In the title compound, C19H24N2O2, a di-Mannich base derived from 2-methylphenol and 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.4.1.13,8]dodecane, the imidazolidine ring adopts a twist conformation, with a twist about the ring N—C bond [C—N—C—C torsion angle = −44.34 (14)°]. The two 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzyl groups are located in trans positions with respect to the imidazolidine fragment. The structure displays two intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which each form an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O interactions with a bifurcated acceptor, forming a three-dimensional network.
The article reviews distribution records of Deroceras invadens (previously called D. panormitanum and D. caruanae), adding significant unpublished records from the authors’ own collecting, museum samples, and interceptions on goods arriving in the U.S.A. By 1940 D. invadens had already arrived in Britain, Denmark, California, Australia and probably New Zealand; it has turned up in many further places since, including remote oceanic islands, but scarcely around the eastern Mediterranean (Egypt and Crete are the exceptions), nor in Asia. Throughout much of the Americas its presence seems to have been previously overlooked, probably often being mistaken for D. laeve. New national records include Mexico, Costa Rica, and Ecuador, with evidence from interceptions of its presence in Panama, Peru, and Kenya. The range appears limited by cold winters and dry summers; this would explain why its intrusion into eastern Europe and southern Spain has been rather slow and incomplete. At a finer geographic scale, the occurrence of the congener D. reticulatum provides a convenient comparison to control for sampling effort; D. invadens is often about half as frequently encountered and sometimes predominates. Deroceras invadens is most commonly found in synanthropic habitats, particularly gardens and under rubbish, but also in greenhouses, and sometimes arable land and pasture. It may spread into natural habitats, as in Britain, South Africa,
Australia and Tenerife. Many identifications have been checked in the light of recent taxonomic revision, revealing that the sibling species D. panormitanum s.s. has spread much less extensively. A number of published or online records, especially in Australia, have turned out to be misidentifications of D. laeve.
Serial quantification of BCR–ABL1 mRNA is an important therapeutic indicator in chronic myeloid leukaemia, but there is a substantial variation in results reported by different laboratories. To improve comparability, an internationally accepted plasmid certified reference material (CRM) was developed according to ISO Guide 34:2009. Fragments of BCR–ABL1 (e14a2 mRNA fusion), BCR and GUSB transcripts were amplified and cloned into pUC18 to yield plasmid pIRMM0099. Six different linearised plasmid solutions were produced with the following copy number concentrations, assigned by digital PCR, and expanded uncertainties: 1.08±0.13 × 106, 1.08±0.11 × 105, 1.03±0.10 × 104, 1.02±0.09 × 103, 1.04±0.10 × 102 and 10.0±1.5 copies/μl. The certification of the material for the number of specific DNA fragments per plasmid, copy number concentration of the plasmid solutions and the assessment of inter-unit heterogeneity and stability were performed according to ISO Guide 35:2006. Two suitability studies performed by 63 BCR–ABL1 testing laboratories demonstrated that this set of 6 plasmid CRMs can help to standardise a number of measured transcripts of e14a2 BCR–ABL1 and three control genes (ABL1, BCR and GUSB). The set of six plasmid CRMs is distributed worldwide by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Belgium) and its authorised distributors (https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/reference-materials/catalogue/; CRM code ERM-AD623a-f).
At the forefront of those who tenaciously pondered this issue are, I would claim, Walter Benjamin and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Benjamin and Wittgenstein both are philosophers of language who tried to establish in unique ways the doctrine of resemblance respectively: "Lehre vom Ähnlichen" and "[Lehre der] Familienähnlichkeit." What they see and find in language are not communication and mutual understanding but instead one of the weirdest phenomena in/of the world, viz., resemblance (likeness) in/of language. This phenomenon, I would insist, indicates the correlation of appearing and disappearing, of differentiating and integrating, and of dividing and imparting of language as such. For Benjamin and Wittgenstein, to sum up, language is a paradigmatic paradoxical site of (dis)appearance, differentiating integrity, and divisive imparting. For this reason, it is worthwhile to pin down where their thoughts on language converge and where they diverge.
Analysis of whole cell lipid extracts of bacteria by means of ultra-performance (UP)LC-MS allows a comprehensive determination of the lipid molecular species present in the respective organism. The data allow conclusions on its metabolic potential as well as the creation of lipid profiles, which visualize the organism's response to changes in internal and external conditions. Herein, we describe: i) a fast reversed phase UPLC-ESI-MS method suitable for detection and determination of individual lipids from whole cell lipid extracts of all polarities ranging from monoacylglycerophosphoethanolamines to TGs; ii) the first overview of a wide range of lipid molecular species in vegetative Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 cells; iii) changes in their relative composition in selected mutants impaired in the biosynthesis of α-hydroxylated FAs, sphingolipids, and ether lipids; and iv) the first report of ceramide phosphoinositols in M. xanthus, a lipid species previously found only in eukaryotes.
Immersion freezing is the most relevant heterogeneous ice nucleation mechanism through which ice crystals are formed in mixed-phase clouds. In recent years, an increasing number of laboratory experiments utilizing a variety of instruments have examined immersion freezing activity of atmospherically relevant ice nucleating particles (INPs). However, an inter-comparison of these laboratory results is a difficult task because investigators have used different ice nucleation (IN) measurement methods to produce these results. A remaining challenge is to explore the sensitivity and accuracy of these techniques and to understand how the IN results are potentially influenced or biased by experimental parameters associated with these techniques.
Within the framework of INUIT (Ice Nucleation research UnIT), we distributed an illite rich sample (illite NX) as a representative surrogate for atmospheric mineral dust particles to investigators to perform immersion freezing experiments using different IN measurement methods and to obtain IN data as a function of particle concentration, temperature (T), cooling rate and nucleation time. Seventeen measurement methods were involved in the data inter-comparison. Experiments with seven instruments started with the test sample pre-suspended in water before cooling, while ten other instruments employed water vapor condensation onto dry-dispersed particles followed by immersion freezing. The resulting comprehensive immersion freezing dataset was evaluated using the ice nucleation active surface-site density (ns) to develop a representative ns(T) spectrum that spans a wide temperature range (−37 °C < T < −11 °C) and covers nine orders of magnitude in ns.
Our inter-comparison results revealed a discrepancy between suspension and dry-dispersed particle measurements for this mineral dust. While the agreement was good below ~ −26 °C, the ice nucleation activity, expressed in ns, was smaller for the wet suspended samples and higher for the dry-dispersed aerosol samples between about −26 and −18 °C. Only instruments making measurement techniques with wet suspended samples were able to measure ice nucleation above −18 °C. A possible explanation for the deviation between −26 and −18 °C is discussed. In general, the seventeen immersion freezing measurement techniques deviate, within the range of about 7 °C in terms of temperature, by three orders of magnitude with respect to ns. In addition, we show evidence that the immersion freezing efficiency (i.e., ns) of illite NX particles is relatively independent on droplet size, particle mass in suspension, particle size and cooling rate during freezing. A strong temperature-dependence and weak time- and size-dependence of immersion freezing efficiency of illite-rich clay mineral particles enabled the ns parameterization solely as a function of temperature. We also characterized the ns (T) spectra, and identified a section with a steep slope between −20 and −27 °C, where a large fraction of active sites of our test dust may trigger immersion freezing. This slope was followed by a region with a gentler slope at temperatures below −27 °C. A multiple exponential distribution fit is expressed as ns(T) = exp(23.82 × exp(−exp(0.16 × (T + 17.49))) + 1.39) based on the specific surface area and ns(T) = exp(25.75 × exp(−exp(0.13 × (T + 17.17))) + 3.34) based on the geometric area (ns and T in m−2 and °C, respectively). These new fits, constrained by using an identical reference samples, will help to compare IN measurement methods that are not included in the present study and, thereby, IN data from future IN instruments.
The riparian rainforest on the streamside levees of the coastal floodplain of the Clarence River on the North Coast of New South Wales was cleared during the 1860s by small landholders seeking fertile land. Only three small remnants remain. Using a combination of historical species lists, corner trees from surveyors’ portion plans, habitat information and the NSW Scientific Committee’s (1999) determination for lowland rainforest on floodplain a conceptual model of the original distribution of rainforest suballiances on the levees of the Clarence River coastal floodplain is proposed.
A consistent muscle activation strategy underlies crawling and swimming in Caenorhabditis elegans
(2014)
Although undulatory swimming is observed in many organisms, the neuromuscular basis for undulatory movement patterns is not well understood. To better understand the basis for the generation of these movement patterns, we studied muscle activity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits a range of locomotion patterns: in low viscosity fluids the undulation has a wavelength longer than the body and propagates rapidly, while in high viscosity fluids or on agar media the undulatory waves are shorter and slower. Theoretical treatment of observed behaviour has suggested a large change in force–posture relationships at different viscosities, but analysis of bend propagation suggests that short-range proprioceptive feedback is used to control and generate body bends. How muscles could be activated in a way consistent with both these results is unclear. We therefore combined automated worm tracking with calcium imaging to determine muscle activation strategy in a variety of external substrates. Remarkably, we observed that across locomotion patterns spanning a threefold change in wavelength, peak muscle activation occurs approximately 45° (1/8th of a cycle) ahead of peak midline curvature. Although the location of peak force is predicted to vary widely, the activation pattern is consistent with required force in a model incorporating putative length- and velocity-dependence of muscle strength. Furthermore, a linear combination of local curvature and velocity can match the pattern of activation. This suggests that proprioception can enable the worm to swim effectively while working within the limitations of muscle biomechanics and neural control.
Here we present a formal description of Biremis panamae Barka, Witkowski et Weisenborn sp. nov., which was isolated from the marine littoral environment of the Pacific Ocean coast of Panama. The description is based on morphology (light and electron microscopy) and the rbcL, psbC and SSU sequences of one clone of this species. The new species is included in Biremis due to its morphological features; i.e. two marginal rows of foramina, chambered striae, and girdle composed of numerous punctate copulae. The new species also possesses a striated valve face which is not seen in most known representatives of marine littoral Biremis species. In this study we also present the relationship of Biremis to other taxa using morphology, DNA sequence data and observations of auxosporulation. Our results based on these three sources point to an evolutionary relationship between Biremis, Neidium and Scoliopleura. The unusual silicified incunabular caps present in them are known otherwise only in Muelleria, which is probably related to the Neidiaceae and Scoliotropidaceae. We also discuss the relationship between Biremis and the recently described Labellicula and Olifantiella.
We consider versions of the FIND algorithm where the pivot element used is the median of a subset chosen uniformly at random from the data. For the median selection we assume that subsamples of size asymptotic to c⋅nα are chosen, where 0<α≤12, c>0 and n is the size of the data set to be split. We consider the complexity of FIND as a process in the rank to be selected and measured by the number of key comparisons required. After normalization we show weak convergence of the complexity to a centered Gaussian process as n→∞, which depends on α. The proof relies on a contraction argument for probability distributions on càdlàg functions. We also identify the covariance function of the Gaussian limit process and discuss path and tail properties.
BACKGROUND: Acetogenic bacteria are able to use CO2 as terminal electron acceptor of an anaerobic respiration, thereby producing acetate with electrons coming from H2. Due to this feature, acetogens came into focus as platforms to produce biocommodities from waste gases such as H2+CO2 and/or CO. A prerequisite for metabolic engineering is a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of ATP synthesis and electron-transfer reactions to ensure redox homeostasis. Acetogenesis involves the reduction of CO2 to acetate via soluble enzymes and is coupled to energy conservation by a chemiosmotic mechanism. The membrane-bound module, acting as an ion pump, was of special interest for decades and recently, an Rnf complex was shown to couple electron flow from reduced ferredoxin to NAD+ with the export of Na+ in Acetobacterium woodii. However, not all acetogens have rnf genes in their genome. In order to gain further insights into energy conservation of non-Rnf-containing, thermophilic acetogens, we sequenced the genome of Thermoanaerobacter kivui.
RESULTS: The genome of Thermoanaerobacter kivui comprises 2.9 Mbp with a G+C content of 35% and 2,378 protein encoding orfs. Neither autotrophic growth nor acetate formation from H2+CO2 was dependent on Na+ and acetate formation was inhibited by a protonophore, indicating that H+ is used as coupling ion for primary bioenergetics. This is consistent with the finding that the c subunit of the F1FO ATP synthase does not have the conserved Na+ binding motif. A search for potential H+-translocating, membrane-bound protein complexes revealed genes potentially encoding two different proton-reducing, energy-conserving hydrogenases (Ech).
CONCLUSIONS: The thermophilic acetogen T. kivui does not use Na+ but H+ for chemiosmotic ATP synthesis. It does not contain cytochromes and the electrochemical proton gradient is most likely established by an energy-conserving hydrogenase (Ech). Its thermophilic nature and the efficient conversion of H2+CO2 make T. kivui an interesting acetogen to be used for the production of biocommodities in industrial micobiology. Furthermore, our experimental data as well as the increasing number of sequenced genomes of acetogenic bacteria supported the new classification of acetogens into two groups: Rnf- and Ech-containing acetogens.
Irrigation intensifies land use by increasing crop yield but also impacts water resources. It affects water and energy balances and consequently the microclimate in irrigated regions. Therefore, knowledge of the extent of irrigated land is important for hydrological and crop modelling, global change research, and assessments of resource use and management. Information on the historical evolution of irrigated lands is limited. The new global Historical Irrigation Dataset (HID) provides estimates of the temporal development of the area equipped for irrigation (AEI) between 1900 and 2005 at 5 arc-minute resolution. We collected subnational irrigation statistics from various sources and found that the global extent of AEI increased from 63 million ha (Mha) in 1900 to 112 Mha in 1950 and 306 Mha in 2005. We developed eight gridded versions of time series of AEI by combining subnational irrigation statistics with different data sets on the historical extent of cropland and pasture. Different rules were applied to maximize consistency of the gridded products to subnational irrigation statistics or to historical cropland and pasture data sets. The HID reflects very well the spatial patterns of irrigated land in the western United States as shown on historical maps. Mean aridity on irrigated land increased and river discharge decreased from 1900–1950 whereas aridity decreased from 1950–2005. The dataset and its documentation are made available in an open data repository at https://mygeohub.org/publications/8 (doi:10.13019/M2MW2G).
Reintroductions of plant species are increasingly popular in conservation practice. Steppe grasslands contain many rare and endangered plant species that are potential objects for such reintroductions. Most reintroduction projects, however, can only target a restricted number of species, which raises the question of how species should be prioritised. Here, we present a method to select priority species for reintroduction based on species' characteristics that are widely used in conservation practice. We first determined the local species pool containing those vascular plant species that occurred both in our target region (Thuringia, Germany) and target habitat (steppe grasslands), yielding 369 species. With the help of an a priori filter that selected currently endangered species with limited distribution, 136 potential target species were determined. These potential target species had experienced stronger decline, had a narrower phytosociological amplitude and were more likely to be species of the Festuco-Brometea class and the Festucetalia valesiacae order than non-target species. Potential target species were then ranked by a points system based on ten conservation-relevant characteristics of the species from the categories "threat and protection status", "distribution and decline", and "habitat affiliation". In the ranking, six steppe grassland plant species (Astragalus exscapus, Bothriochloa ischaemum, Prunella laciniata, Pulsatilla pratensis subsp. nigricans, Scorzonera purpurea, and Seseli hippomarathrum) achieved the highest scores. An additional seven species not specifically characteristic for steppe grasslands also scored highly. A post hoc evaluation of these 13 highest scoring species based on additional conservation criteria left five species (Astragalus exscapus, Linum leonii, Orchis morio, Pulsatilla pratensis subsp. nigricans and Scorzonera purpurea) as species with highest priority for reintroductions and another five species as highly suitable for reintroductions. Associations between the ranking order and different ranking criteria revealed that a species’ threat and rarity in Thuringia and its protection status had the highest representation in the ranking, followed by threat in Germany, regional decline and habitat affiliation. In contrast, international threat and responsibility of Thuringia for its conservation had only low representation in the ranking, probably because these characteristics applied to only a few species. The ranking list gives a selection of species for reintroductions, which combined with additional information based on comprehensive local and floristic knowledge, allows the identification of the species with the highest priority. Our method can be transferred to other regions or habitat types.
Neurons of the mammalian neocortex are produced by proliferating cells located in the ventricular zone (VZ) lining the lateral ventricles. This is a complex and sequential process, requiring precise control of cell cycle progression, fate commitment and differentiation. We have analyzed publicly available databases from mouse and human to identify candidate genes that are potentially involved in regulating early neocortical development and neurogenesis. We used a mouse in situ hybridization dataset (The Allen Institute for Brain Science) to identify 13 genes (Cdon, Celsr1, Dbi, E2f5, Eomes, Hmgn2, Neurog2, Notch1, Pcnt, Sox3, Ssrp1, Tead2, Tgif2) with high correlation of expression in the proliferating cells of the VZ of the neocortex at early stages of development (E15.5). We generated a similar human brain network using microarray and RNA-seq data (BrainSpan Atlas) and identified 407 genes with high expression in the developing human VZ and subventricular zone (SVZ) at 8–9 post-conception weeks. Seven of the human genes were also present in the mouse VZ network. The human and mouse networks were extended using available genetic and proteomic datasets through GeneMANIA. A gene ontology search of the mouse and human networks indicated that many of the genes are involved in the cell cycle, DNA replication, mitosis and transcriptional regulation. The reported involvement of Cdon, Celsr1, Dbi, Eomes, Neurog2, Notch1, Pcnt, Sox3, Tead2, and Tgif2 in neural development or diseases resulting from the disruption of neurogenesis validates these candidate genes. Taken together, our knowledge-based discovery method has validated the involvement of many genes already known to be involved in neocortical development and extended the potential number of genes by 100's, many of which are involved in functions related to cell proliferation but others of which are potential candidates for involvement in the regulation of neocortical development.
Coevolution of viruses and their hosts represents a dynamic molecular battle between the immune system and viral factors that mediate immune evasion. After the abandonment of smallpox vaccination, cowpox virus infections are an emerging zoonotic health threat, especially for immunocompromised patients. Here we delineate the mechanistic basis of how cowpox viral CPXV012 interferes with MHC class I antigen processing. This type II membrane protein inhibits the coreTAP complex at the step after peptide binding and peptide-induced conformational change, in blocking ATP binding and hydrolysis. Distinct from other immune evasion mechanisms, TAP inhibition is mediated by a short ER-lumenal fragment of CPXV012, which results from a frameshift in the cowpox virus genome. Tethered to the ER membrane, this fragment mimics a high ER-lumenal peptide concentration, thus provoking a trans-inhibition of antigen translocation as supply for MHC I loading. These findings illuminate the evolution of viral immune modulators and the basis of a fine-balanced regulation of antigen processing.
Background: A discontinuous dose response relationship is a major characteristic of the anti-inflammatory effects of low-dose X-irradiation therapy. Although recent data indicate an involvement of a variety of molecular mechanisms in these characteristics, the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to give rise or contribute to these phenomena in endothelial cells (EC) remains elusive.
Material and methods: HUVEC derived immortalized EA.hy926 cells were stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 20 ng/ml) 4 h before irradiation with doses ranging from 0.3 to 1 Gy. To analyse DNA repair capacity, phospho-histone H2AX foci were assayed at 1 h, 4 h and 24 h after irradiation. ROS production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were analysed by fluorometric 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (H2DCFDA) and colorimetric assays. A functional impact of ROS on γH2AX production was analysed by treatment with the scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC).
Results: Irrespective of stimulation by TNF-α, EA.hy926 cells revealed a linear dose response characteristic of γH2AX foci detection at 1 h and 4 h after irradiation. By contrast, we observed a discontinuity in residual γH2AX foci detection at 24 h after irradiation with locally elevated values following a 0.5 Gy exposure that was abolished by inhibition of ROS by NAC. Moreover, SOD protein expression was significantly decreased at doses of 0.5 Gy and 0.7 Gy concomitant with a reduced SOD activity.
Conclusion: These data implicate a non-linear regulation of ROS production and SOD activity in EA.hy926 EC following irradiation with doses < 1 Gy that may contribute to a discontinuous dose-response relationship of residual γH2AX foci detection.
A versatile synthetic procedure is described to prepare the benzimidazole-fused 1,2,4-thiadiazoles 2a–c via a methanesulfonyl chloride initiated multistep cyclization involving the intramolecular reaction of an in-situ generated carbodiimide with a thiourea unit. The structure of the intricate heterocycle 2a was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis and its mechanism of formation supported by DFT computations.
Background: According to current taxonomy only three out of 27 Sinohimalayan leaf warbler species (Phylloscopidae) are considered genetically uniform across their entire breeding range along the Southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the Buff-barred Warbler (Phylloscopus pulcher) being one of them. Because marked differentiation among Himalayan and Chinese populations has been recently demonstrated for a number of Phylloscopus species (or sister species) we investigated the intraspecific variation of a mitochondrial gene, songs and morphology of P. pulcher in a phylogeographic approach.
Methods: We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b, reconstructed haplotype networks and analyzed DNA polymorphism among Himalayan and Chinese populations. We measured time and frequency parameters of two distinct song types and analyzed among population-differentiation in a principal component analysis and a discriminant analysis. We also compared measurements of body size dimensions taken from museum specimens.
Results: The mitochondrial haplotype network (cytb) was divided into two distinct clusters corresponding to geographic origin of samples. Pairwise genetic distances among Himalayan and Chinese mtDNA lineages account for 1.3% which coincides with Pleistocene lineage separation at roughly 650,000 years ago. Genetic diversity is slightly higher in the Chinese part of the species’ range with respect to haplotype and nucleotide diversity while the less diversified Himalayan population lineage shows signs of recent range expansion. The vocal repertoire of P. pulcher comprises two distinct verse types that are combined with short interspersed click notes to long continuous song displays. Trill verse types showed significant differences among regions in almost all measured frequency and time parameters: Chinese males displayed more rapid and more broad-banded trills at a lower pitch. In contrast, warbling verse types showed a distinctively different structure among regions: Himalayan songs consisted of repeated syllables while Chinese songs comprised repetitions of single, long and strongly modulated elements. Subtle morphological differences among specimens from the two study regions could only be confirmed for plumage coloration but not for metric characters.
Conclusions: Based on the genetic and bioacoustic distinctiveness of Chinese Buff-barred Warbler populations, we recommend that the name Phylloscopus pulcher vegetus Bangs, 1913 should be re-validated for this taxon.
Ribosome biogenesis in yeast requires 75 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and a myriad of cofactors for processing, modification, and folding of the ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). For the 19 RNA helicases implicated in ribosome synthesis, their sites of action and molecular functions have largely remained unknown. Here, we have used UV cross-linking and analysis of cDNA (CRAC) to reveal the pre-rRNA binding sites of the RNA helicase Rok1, which is involved in early small subunit biogenesis. Several contact sites were identified in the 18S rRNA sequence, which interestingly all cluster in the “foot” region of the small ribosomal subunit. These include a major binding site in the eukaryotic expansion segment ES6, where Rok1 is required for release of the snR30 snoRNA. Rok1 directly contacts snR30 and other snoRNAs required for pre-rRNA processing. Using cross-linking, ligation and sequencing of hybrids (CLASH) we identified several novel pre-rRNA base-pairing sites for the snoRNAs snR30, snR10, U3, and U14, which cluster in the expansion segments of the 18S rRNA. Our data suggest that these snoRNAs bridge interactions between the expansion segments, thereby forming an extensive interaction network that likely promotes pre-rRNA maturation and folding in early pre-ribosomal complexes and establishes long-range rRNA interactions during ribosome synthesis.
The ground beetle genus Cymindis is the most species rich amongst genera in the carabid subtribe Cymindidina (tribe Lebiini). Four subgenera are often recognized, i.e. Cymindis (sensu stricto) Latreille, Afrotarus Jeannel, Taridius Chaudoir and Pinacodera Schaum. Cymindis (sensu stricto) has a predominately Holarctic distribution (Hunting 2013) and includes Cymindis alutacea Wollaston, C. dohrnii Wollaston and C. anchomenoides Wollaston (the last one sometimes placed in Tarulus Bedel, either ranked as a genus or a subgenus), all three endemic to the Cape Verde Islands (Geisthardt 1988, 1996).
Orientation: Publishing methodologically sound, empirically based studies in reputable accredited scientific journals are essential in order to advance knowledge and evidence-based practice in the field of industrial and organisational psychology.
Research purpose: The purpose of the research was to conduct a broad content analysis of the articles published in the South African Journal of Industrial Psychology (SAJIP) between 2004 and 2013. The study aimed to provide a descriptive overview of the most frequent content themes,published authors and institutions, research approaches, strategies, designs and analysis techniques, software packages and sample sizes in industrial and organisational (I-O) psychology utilised in the publications.
Motivation for study: The periodic analyses of published content in scholarly journals provide an index of the extent to which the publications reflect the scope of practice in a given discipline and broaden insight into the direction and relevance of research published in a journal.
Research design, approach and method: A broad systematic content analysis was conducted of 342 documented articles published in the SAJIP between 2004 and 2013. Descriptive data(frequencies and percentages) were used to report the findings.
Main findings: The publishing pattern of the SAJIP appeared to correspond with its focus and scope. Manuscripts utilising mostly cross-sectional quantitative correlational research designs with large samples (n > 201) were published in the SAJIP. The University of Johannesburg and Professor Sebastiaan (Ian) Rothmann were the largest contributors to publications between 2004 and 2013. Organisational psychology and psychometrics were the most prominent domains in I-O psychology research. Data were predominantly processed utilising SPSS.
Practical implications: The insights derived from the findings can be employed to plan future research initiatives in the field of I-O psychology.
Contribution/value-add: The findings provide valuable insight into the current status of the foci of I-O psychology research as published in the SAJIP between 2004 and 2013 and the contribution made by the SAJIP to advancing knowledge and evidence-based practice in I-O psychology.
We explore the parameter space of the two-flavor thermal quark–meson model and its Polyakov loop-extended version under the influence of a constant external magnetic field B. We investigate the behavior of the pseudo critical temperature for chiral symmetry breaking taking into account the likely dependence of two parameters on the magnetic field: the Yukawa quark–meson coupling and the parameter T0 of the Polyakov loop potential. Under the constraints that magnetic catalysis is realized at zero temperature and the chiral transition at B=0 is a crossover, we find that the quark–meson model leads to thermal magnetic catalysis for the whole allowed parameter space, in contrast to the present picture stemming from lattice QCD.
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a specialized subpopulation of T cells, which are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. The immunomodulatory effects of Tregs depend on their activation status. Here we show that, in contrast to conventional anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the humanized CD4-specific monoclonal antibody tregalizumab (BT-061) is able to selectively activate the suppressive properties of Tregs in vitro. BT-061 activates Tregs by binding to CD4 and activation of signaling downstream pathways. The specific functionality of BT-061 may be explained by the recognition of a unique, conformational epitope on domain 2 of the CD4 molecule that is not recognized by other anti-CD4 mAbs. We found that, due to this special epitope binding, BT-061 induces a unique phosphorylation of T-cell receptor complex-associated signaling molecules. This is sufficient to activate the function of Tregs without activating effector T cells. Furthermore, BT-061 does not induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results demonstrate that BT-061 stimulation via the CD4 receptor is able to induce T-cell receptor-independent activation of Tregs. Selective activation of Tregs via CD4 is a promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases where insufficient Treg activity has been described. Clinical investigation of this new approach is currently ongoing.
Based on a meta-analysis, Redick and Lindsey (2013) found that complex span and n-back tasks show an average correlation of r = 0.20, and concluded that "complex span and n-back tasks cannot be used interchangeably as working memory measures in research applications" (p. 1102). Here, we comment on this conclusion from a psychometric perspective. In addition to construct variance, performance on a test contains measurement error, task-specific variance, and paradigm-specific variance. Hence, low correlations among dissimilar indicators do not provide strong evidence for the existence, or absence, of a construct common to both indicators. One way to arrive at such evidence is to fit hierarchical latent factors that model task-specific, paradigm-specific, and construct variance. We report analyses for 101 younger and 103 older adults who worked on nine different working memory tasks. The data are consistent with a hierarchical model of working memory, according to which both complex span and n-back tasks are valid indicators of working memory. The working memory factor predicts 71% of the variance in a factor of reasoning among younger adults (83% for among older adults). When the working memory factor was restricted to any possible triplet of working memory tasks, the correlation between working memory and reasoning was inversely related to the average magnitude of the correlations among the indicators, indicating that more highly intercorrelated indicators may provide poorer coverage of the construct space. We stress the need to go beyond specific tasks and paradigms when studying higher-order cognitive constructs, such as working memory.
Acacia pendula, Weeping Myall, (family Fabaceae) is the most legislatively protected plant species in the New South Wales Hunter Valley. Under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 it is listed as an Endangered Population (in the Hunter Valley) and as a component of two Endangered Ecological Communities (one in the Hunter, one elsewhere in NSW); it is also listed as a Critically Endangered Ecological Community (in the Hunter Valley) on the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and listed as threatened in three other eastern Australian States.
To ascertain the likely original distribution of stands of Acacia pendula in the Hunter Valley, this paper examines the writings of early Australian explorers, herbarium and database records, and the species habitat attributes across NSW. None of the journals examined, including those of botanist/explorer Allan Cunningham (who originally collected Acacia pendula from the Lachlan River in 1817), Thomas Mitchell or Ludwig Leichhardt, make note of the species for the Hunter Valley. Several explorers do, however, record Acacia pendula regularly (>100 times) across other parts of NSW, Queensland, and South Australia.
Historical herbarium and database records show a paucity of records from the Hunter prior to the year 2000, after which a 37-fold increase in observations since 1951 is apparent. For the first 128 years of botanical exploration (1823 to 1951), there are no validated collections or records of Acacia pendula from the Hunter Valley. The single exception is a specimen collected by Cunningham from 1825 (lodged at Kew, UK), purported to be from ‘Hunters River’, but which is morphologically different to other collections of Acacia pendula from that time. There is some uncertainty over the origins of this specimen.
Analysis of habitats supporting Acacia pendula in NSW outside of the Hunter show them to differ significantly in geological age, soil type, rainfall and elevation from those in the Hunter.
Collectively, these findings provide a strong circumstantial case that Acacia pendula was absent from the Hunter at the time of European settlement; this has important implications for the conservation and management of Hunter stands. Rather than being a threatened species in the Hunter Valley, it is postulated that Acacia pendula has been intentionally and/or accidentally introduced to the region, and may now be imposing a new and emerging threat to the endangered grassy woodlands and forests there. There is now an urgent need for genetic studies to clarify the origins of the current Hunter Valley stands, and to define the taxonomic limits of Acacia pendula and its close relatives.
BACKGROUND: Transient episodes of ischemia in a remote organ or tissue (remote ischemic preconditioning, RIPC) can attenuate myocardial injury. Myocardial damage is associated with tissue remodeling and the matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2/9) are crucially involved in these events. Here we investigated the effects of RIPC on the activities of heart tissue MMP-2/9 and their correlation with serum concentrations of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), a marker for myocardial damage.
METHODS: In cardiosurgical patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) RIPC was induced by four 5 minute cycles of upper limb ischemia/reperfusion. Cardiac tissue was obtained before as well as after CPB and serum cTnT concentrations were measured. Tissue derived from control patients (N = 17) with high cTnT concentrations (≥0.32 ng/ml) and RIPC patients (N = 18) with low cTnT (≤0.32 ng/ml) was subjected to gelatin zymography to quantify MMP-2/9 activities.
RESULTS: In cardiac biopsies obtained before CPB, activities of MMP-2/9 were attenuated in the RIPC group (MMP-2: Control, 1.13 ± 0.13 a.u.; RIPC, 0.71 ± 0.12 a.u.; P < 0.05. MMP-9: Control, 1.50 ± 0.16 a.u.; RIPC, 0.87 ± 0.14 a.u.; P < 0.01), while activities of the pro-MMPs were not altered (P > 0.05). In cardiac biopsies taken after CPB activities of pro- and active MMP-2/9 were not different between the groups (P > 0.05). Spearman's rank tests showed that MMP-2/9 activities in cardiac tissue obtained before CPB were positively correlated with postoperative cTnT serum levels (MMP-2, P = 0.016; MMP-9, P = 0.015).
CONCLUSIONS: Activities of MMP-2/9 in cardiac tissue obtained before CPB are attenuated by RIPC and are positively correlated with serum concentrations of cTnT. MMPs may represent potential targets for RIPC mediated cardioprotection.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00877305.
Immunotherapy of cancer utilizes dendritic cells (DCs) for antigen presentation and the induction of tumor-specific immune responses. However, the therapeutic induction of anti-tumor immunity is limited by tumor escape mechanisms. In this study, immortalized dendritic D2SC/1 cells were transduced with a mutated version of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, p53M234I, or p53C132F/E168G, which are overexpressed in MethA fibrosarcoma tumor cells. In addition, D2SC/1 cells were fused with MethA tumor cells to generate a vaccine that potentially expresses a large repertoire of tumor-antigens. Cellular vaccines were transplanted onto Balb/c mice and MethA tumor growth and anti-tumor immune responses were examined in vaccinated animals. D2SC/1-p53M234I and D2SC/1-p53C132F/E168G cells induced strong therapeutic and protective MethA tumor immunity upon transplantation in Balb/c mice. However, in a fraction of immunized mice MethA tumor growth resumed after an extended latency period. Analysis of these tumors indicated loss of p53 expression. Mice, pre-treated with fusion hybrids generated from D2SC/1 and MethA tumor cells, suppressed MethA tumor growth and averted adaptive immune escape. Polyclonal B-cell responses directed against various MethA tumor proteins could be detected in the sera of D2SC/1-MethA inoculated mice. Athymic nude mice and Balb/c mice depleted of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cells were not protected against MethA tumor cell growth after immunization with D2SC/1-MethA hybrids. Our results highlight a potential drawback of cancer immunotherapy by demonstrating that the induction of a specific anti-tumor response favors the acquisition of tumor phenotypes promoting immune evasion. In contrast, the application of DC/tumor cell fusion hybrids prevents adaptive immune escape by a T-cell dependent mechanism and provides a simple strategy for personalized anti-cancer treatment without the need of selectively priming the host immune system.
Evidence from anatomical and functional imaging studies have highlighted major modifications of cortical circuits during adolescence. These include reductions of gray matter (GM), increases in the myelination of cortico-cortical connections and changes in the architecture of large-scale cortical networks. It is currently unclear, however, how the ongoing developmental processes impact upon the folding of the cerebral cortex and how changes in gyrification relate to maturation of GM/WM-volume, thickness and surface area. In the current study, we acquired high-resolution (3 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 79 healthy subjects (34 males and 45 females) between the ages of 12 and 23 years and performed whole brain analysis of cortical folding patterns with the gyrification index (GI). In addition to GI-values, we obtained estimates of cortical thickness, surface area, GM and white matter (WM) volume which permitted correlations with changes in gyrification. Our data show pronounced and widespread reductions in GI-values during adolescence in several cortical regions which include precentral, temporal and frontal areas. Decreases in gyrification overlap only partially with changes in the thickness, volume and surface of GM and were characterized overall by a linear developmental trajectory. Our data suggest that the observed reductions in GI-values represent an additional, important modification of the cerebral cortex during late brain maturation which may be related to cognitive development.
Background: Multimorbidity is a common phenomenon in primary care. Until now, no clinical guidelines for multimorbidity exist. For the development of these guidelines, it is necessary to know whether or not patients are aware of their diseases and to what extent they agree with their doctor. The objectives of this paper are to analyze the agreement of self-reported and general practitioner-reported chronic conditions among multimorbid patients in primary care, and to discover which patient characteristics are associated with positive agreement.
Methods: The MultiCare Cohort Study is a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study of 3,189 multimorbid patients, ages 65 to 85. Data was collected in personal interviews with patients and GPs. The prevalence proportions for 32 diagnosis groups, kappa coefficients and proportions of specific agreement were calculated in order to examine the agreement of patient self-reported and general practitioner-reported chronic conditions. Logistic regression models were calculated to analyze which patient characteristics can be associated with positive agreement.
Results: We identified four chronic conditions with good agreement (e.g. diabetes mellitus κ = 0.80;PA = 0,87), seven with moderate agreement (e.g. cerebral ischemia/chronic stroke κ = 0.55;PA = 0.60), seventeen with fair agreement (e.g. cardiac insufficiency κ = 0.24;PA = 0.36) and four with poor agreement (e.g. gynecological problems κ = 0.05;PA = 0.10).Factors associated with positive agreement concerning different chronic diseases were sex, age, education, income, disease count, depression, EQ VAS score and nursing care dependency. For example: Women had higher odds ratios for positive agreement with their GP regarding osteoporosis (OR = 7.16). The odds ratios for positive agreement increase with increasing multimorbidity in almost all of the observed chronic conditions (OR = 1.22-2.41).
Conclusions: For multimorbidity research, the knowledge of diseases with high disagreement levels between the patients' perceived illnesses and their physicians' reports is important. The analysis shows that different patient characteristics have an impact on the agreement. Findings from this study should be included in the development of clinical guidelines for multimorbidity aiming to optimize health care. Further research is needed to identify more reasons for disagreement and their consequences in health care.
Background: Chronic particulate matter (PM) exposure is correlated to various health effects, even at low amounts. WHO has defined PM concentration limits as daily and annual mean values which were made legally binding in the European Union. While many studies have focused on PM concentrations in special environments, little is known about the average PM- exposure for both employees and passengers in the German public transportation system.
Methods: Particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) - concentrations were monitored for 30 minutes at 15 different areas in Frankfurt am Main with major public traffic. Maximum and mean concentrations and, as a surrogate for the inhaled dosage, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) for 15 minutes of exposure were calculated.
Results: The WHO limits for PM10 and PM2.5 were exceeded at nearly all times and areas. Highest maximum concentrations were found at underground stations, subterranean railway stations and subterranean shopping arcades with much lower values obtained at surface points. In one measurement at a surface test point smokers who neglected the non-smoking policy could be identified as a major cause for a at least temporary strong increase of PM-load as seen in high maximum values and normal averages.
Conclusions: Subterranean areas have high particulate matter contamination exceeding WHO limits. Improvement may be achieved by increased ventilation. Subterranean shops and kiosks, being workplaces with long term exposure, should be equipped with external air supply. The non- smoking policy of the "Deutsche Bahn" for public spaces should be enforced.
This paper deals with the control exerted by the mitochondrial translocator FLX1, which catalyzes the movement of the redox cofactor FAD across the mitochondrial membrane, on the efficiency of ATP production, ROS homeostasis, and lifespan of S. cerevisiae. The deletion of the FLX1 gene resulted in respiration-deficient and small-colony phenotype accompanied by a significant ATP shortage and ROS unbalance in glycerol-grown cells. Moreover, the flx1Δ strain showed H2O2 hypersensitivity and decreased lifespan. The impaired biochemical phenotype found in the flx1Δ strain might be justified by an altered expression of the flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in bioenergetics and cell regulation. A search for possible cis-acting consensus motifs in the regulatory region upstream SDH1-ORF revealed a dozen of upstream motifs that might respond to induced metabolic changes by altering the expression of Flx1p. Among these motifs, two are present in the regulatory region of genes encoding proteins involved in flavin homeostasis. This is the first evidence that the mitochondrial flavin cofactor status is involved in controlling the lifespan of yeasts, maybe by changing the cellular succinate level. This is not the only case in which the homeostasis of redox cofactors underlies complex phenotypical behaviours, as lifespan in yeasts.
Altered mucosal immune response after acute lung injury in a murine model of Ataxia Telangiectasia
(2014)
Background: Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare but devastating and progressive disorder characterized by cerebellar dysfunction, lymphoreticular malignancies and recurrent sinopulmonary infections. In A-T, disease of the respiratory system causes significant morbidity and is a frequent cause of death.
Methods: We used a self-limited murine model of hydrochloric acid-induced acute lung injury (ALI) to determine the inflammatory answer due to mucosal injury in Atm (A-T mutated)- deficient mice (Atm−/−).
Results: ATM deficiency increased peak lung inflammation as demonstrated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils and lymphocytes and increased levels of BALF pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6, TNF). Furthermore, bronchial epithelial damage after ALI was increased in Atm−/− mice. ATM deficiency increased airway resistance and tissue compliance before ALI was performed.
Conclusions: Together, these findings indicate that ATM plays a key role in inflammatory response after airway mucosal injury.
Amygdalin, a natural compound, has been used by many cancer patients as an alternative approach to treat their illness. However, whether or not this substance truly exerts an anti-tumor effect has never been settled. An in vitro study was initiated to investigate the influence of amygdalin (1.25–10 mg/ml) on the growth of a panel of bladder cancer cell lines (UMUC-3, RT112 and TCCSUP). Tumor growth, proliferation, clonal growth and cell cycle progression were investigated. The cell cycle regulating proteins cdk1, cdk2, cdk4, cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D1, p19, p27 as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) related signals phosphoAkt, phosphoRaptor and phosphoRictor were examined. Amygdalin dose-dependently reduced growth and proliferation in all three bladder cancer cell lines, reflected in a significant delay in cell cycle progression and G0/G1 arrest. Molecular evaluation revealed diminished phosphoAkt, phosphoRictor and loss of Cdk and cyclin components. Since the most outstanding effects of amygdalin were observed on the cdk2-cyclin A axis, siRNA knock down studies were carried out, revealing a positive correlation between cdk2/cyclin A expression level and tumor growth. Amygdalin, therefore, may block tumor growth by down-modulating cdk2 and cyclin A. In vivo investigation must follow to assess amygdalin's practical value as an anti-tumor drug.
The cyanogenic diglucoside amygdalin, derived from Rosaceae kernels, is employed by many patients as an alternative anti-cancer treatment. However, whether amygdalin indeed acts as an anti-tumor agent is not clear. Metastasis blocking properties of amygdalin on bladder cancer cell lines was, therefore, investigated. Amygdalin (10 mg/ml) was applied to UMUC-3, TCCSUP or RT112 bladder cancer cells for 24 h or for 2 weeks. Tumor cell adhesion to vascular endothelium or to immobilized collagen as well as tumor cell migration was examined. Effects of drug treatment on integrin α and β subtypes, on integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and total and activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were also determined. Integrin knock-down was carried out to evaluate integrin influence on migration and adhesion. A 24 h or 2 week amygdalin application distinctly reduced tumor cell adhesion and migration of UMUC-3 and RT112 cells. TCCSUP adhesion was also reduced, but migration was elevated under amygdalin. Integrin subtype expression was significantly and specifically altered by amygdalin depending on the cell line. ILK was moderately, and activated FAK strongly, lost in all tumor cell lines in the presence of amygdalin. Knock down of β1 integrin caused a significant decrease in both adhesion and migration of UMUC-3 cells, but a significant increase in TCCSUP adhesion. Knock down of β4 integrin caused a significant decrease in migration of RT112 cells. Since the different actions of amygdalin on the different cell lines was mirrored by β1 or β4 knock down, it is postulated that amygdalin influences adhesion and migratory properties of bladder cancer cells by modulating β1 or β4 integrin expression. The amygdalin induced increase in TCCSUP migratory behavior indicates that any anti-tumor benefits from amygdalin (seen with the other two cell lines) may depend upon the cancer cell type.
The abundance of humpback whales occurring around Boa Vista, Cape Verde Islands, was estimated by markrecapture modelling. Photographs of markings on tail flukes of individual whales were collected during the breeding season. Sighting histories were constructed for each individual and an abundance of 171 animals was estimated using a Jolly-Seber mark-recapture model. Correcting for known biases arising due to sex-specific behaviour and temporary emigration insofar as possible, an estimate of 260 whales was obtained. This is significantly higher than the previous estimate of 99 humpback whales from this region. Due to limited survey effort it is not known how representative the study area is of the entire Cape Verde archipelago and this estimate may be considered to be biased low and serves as a minimum estimate. The high recapture probability (0.37) coupled with the low abundance is consistent with a small local population. The low survival rate (0.86) suggests possible emigration and further studies are needed to assess connectivity between humpback whales breeding in Cape Verde and other breeding locations. The amount of exchange between groups of whales breeding in Cape Verde and adjacent areas remains unknown. It is unclear whether the abundance estimate herein applies to part of an isolated population or part of a larger and continuous one.
Most available knowledge on fungal arginine metabolism is derived from studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which arginine catabolism is initiated by releasing urea via the arginase reaction. Orthologues of the S. cerevisiae genes encoding the first three enzymes in the arginase pathway were cloned from Kluyveromyces lactis and shown to functionally complement the corresponding deletion in S. cerevisiae. Surprisingly, deletion of the single K. lactis arginase gene KlCAR1 did not completely abolish growth on arginine as nitrogen source. Growth rate of the deletion mutant strongly increased during serial transfer in shake-flask cultures. A combination of RNAseq-based transcriptome analysis and 13C-15N-based flux analysis was used to elucidate the arginase-independent pathway. Isotopic 13C15N-enrichment in γ-aminobutyrate revealed succinate as the entry point in the TCA cycle of the alternative pathway. Transcript analysis combined with enzyme activity measurements indicated increased expression in the Klcar1Δ mutant of a guanidinobutyrase (EC.3.5.3.7), a key enzyme in a new pathway for arginine degradation. Expression of the K. lactis KLLA0F27995g (renamed KlGBU1) encoding guanidinobutyrase enabled S. cerevisiae to use guanidinobutyrate as sole nitrogen source and its deletion in K. lactis almost completely abolish growth on this nitrogen source. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this enzyme activity is widespread in fungi.
Background: Anemia is a common condition in the elderly and a significant risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality, reducing not only functional capacity and mobility but also quality of life. Currently, few data are available regarding anemia in hospitalized geriatric patients. Our retrospective study investigated epidemiology and causes of anemia in 405 hospitalized geriatric patients.
Methods: Data analysis was performed using laboratory parameters determined during routine hospital admission procedures (hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin saturation, C-reactive protein, vitamin B12, folic acid, and creatinine) in addition to medical history and demographics.
Results: Anemia affected approximately two-thirds of subjects. Of 386 patients with recorded hemoglobin values, 66.3% were anemic according to WHO criteria, mostly (85.1%) in a mild form. Anemia was primarily due to iron deficiency (65%), frequently due to underlying chronic infection (62.1%), or of mixed etiology involving a combination of chronic disease and iron deficiency, with absolute iron deficiency playing a comparatively minor role.
Conclusion: Greater awareness of anemia in the elderly is warranted due to its high prevalence and negative effect on outcomes, hospitalization duration, and mortality. Geriatric patients should be routinely screened for anemia and etiological causes of anemia individually assessed to allow timely initiation of appropriate therapy.
High-throughput metabarcoding studies on fungi and other eukaryotic microorganisms are rapidly becoming more frequent and more complex, requiring researchers to handle ever increasing amounts of raw sequence data. Here, we provide a flexible pipeline for pruning and analyzing fungal barcode (ITS rDNA) data generated as paired-end reads on Illumina MiSeq sequencers. The pipeline presented includes specific steps fine-tuned for ITS, that are mostly missing from pipelines developed for prokaryotes. It (1) employs state of the art programs and follows best practices in fungal high-throughput metabarcoding; (2) consists of modules and scripts easily modifiable by the user to ensure maximum flexibility with regard to specific needs of a project or future methodological developments; and (3) is straightforward to use, also in classroom settings. We provide detailed descriptions and revision techniques for each step, thus giving the user maximum control over data treatment and avoiding a black-box approach. Employing this pipeline will improve and speed up the tedious and error-prone process of cleaning fungal Illumina metabarcoding data.
The web and the social web play an increasingly important role as an information source for Members of Parliament and their assistants, journalists, political analysts and researchers. It provides important and crucial background information, like reactions to political events and comments made by the general public. The case study presented in this paper is driven by two European parliaments (the Greek and the Austrian parliament) and targets an effective exploration of political web archives. In this paper, we describe semantic technologies deployed to ease the exploration of the archived web and social web content and present evaluation results.