Refine
Year of publication
- 2017 (1229) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1229) (remove)
Language
- English (826)
- German (340)
- Portuguese (40)
- Turkish (8)
- Spanish (7)
- Multiple languages (4)
- French (2)
- Ukrainian (2)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1229)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (1229)
Keywords
- Deutsch (29)
- Literatur (22)
- Deutsch als Fremdsprache (15)
- Fremdsprachenlernen (15)
- Fremdsprachenunterricht (14)
- Interkulturalität (12)
- Deutschunterricht (11)
- Anarchismus (10)
- Gewalt (10)
- Research article (8)
Institute
- Medizin (330)
- Physik (140)
- Biowissenschaften (68)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (60)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (53)
- Biochemie und Chemie (51)
- Präsidium (44)
- Exzellenzcluster Makromolekulare Komplexe (41)
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität (38)
- Institut für Sozialforschung (IFS) (32)
The paper presents the possibilities for analyzing deverbal derivatives from verbs ending in -ier(en); in many cases these exist as doublets, with the suffix -ung and/or the suffix -(at)ion. Based on selected examples of these doublets, the paper demonstrates how both monolingual and bilingual dictionaries fail to take sufficient account of the semantic differences between such competing forms. The author also presents research questions connected with this issue, and outlines a methodology for addressing these questions based on metalexicographic and corpus analysis; this methodology is demonstrated using the example of the doublet Diskrimination and Diskriminierung
We have determined the crystal structures of two decachlorocyclopentasilanes, namely bis(tetra-n-butylammonium) dichloride decachlorocyclopentasilane dichloromethane disolvate, 2C16H36N+·2Cl−·Si5Cl10·2CH2Cl2, (I), and bis(tetraethylammonium) dichloride decachlorocyclopentasilane dichloromethane disolvate, 2C8H20N+·2Cl−·Si5Cl10·2CH2Cl2, (II), both of which crystallize with discrete cations, anions, and solvent molecules. In (I), the complete decachlorocyclopentasilane ring is generated by a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. In (II), one cation is located on a general position and the other two are disordered about centres of inversion. These are the first structures featuring the structural motif of a five-membered cyclopentasilane ring coordinated from both sides by a chloride ion. The extended structures of (I) and (II) feature numerous C—H⋯Cl interactions. In (II), the N atoms are located on centres of inversion and as a result, the ethylene chains are disordered over equally occupied orientations.
Rho GTPases control fundamental cellular processes and Cdc42 is a well-studied member of the family that controls filopodia formation and cell migration. Although the regulation of Cdc42 activity by nucleotide binding is well documented, the mechanisms driving its proteostasis are not clear. Here, we demonstrate that the highly conserved, RING domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase XIAP controls the protein stability of Cdc42. XIAP binds to Cdc42 and directly conjugates poly ubiquitin chains to the Lysine 166 of Cdc42 targeting it for proteasomal degradation. Depletion of XIAP led to an increased protein stability and activity of Cdc42 in normal and tumor cells. Consistently, loss of XIAP enhances filopodia formation in a Cdc42-dependent manner and this phenomenon phenocopies EGF stimulation. Further, XIAP depletion promotes lung colonization of tumor cells in mice in a Cdc42-dependent manner. These observations shed molecular insights into ubiquitin-dependent regulation of Cdc42 and that of actin cytoskeleton.
The value of plant ecological datasets with hundreds or thousands of species is principally determined by the taxonomic accuracy of their plant names. However, combining existing lists of species to assemble a harmonized dataset that is clean of taxonomic errors can be a difficult task for non-taxonomists. Here, we describe the range of taxonomic difficulties likely to be encountered during dataset assembly and present an easy-to-use taxonomic cleaning protocol aimed at assisting researchers not familiar with the finer details of taxonomic cleaning. The protocol produces a final dataset (FD) linked to a companion dataset (CD), providing clear details of the path from existing lists to the FD taken by each cleaned taxon. Taxa are checked off against ten categories in the CD that succinctly summarize all taxonomic modifications required. Two older, publicly-available lists of naturalized Asteraceae in Australia were merged into a harmonized dataset as a case study to quantify the impacts of ignoring the critical process of taxonomic cleaning in invasion ecology. Our FD of naturalized Asteraceae contained 257 species and infra-species. Without implementation of the full cleaning protocol, the dataset would have contained 328 taxa, a 28% overestimate of taxon richness by 71 taxa. Our naturalized Asteraceae CD described the exclusion of 88 names due to nomenclatural issues (e.g. synonymy), the inclusion of 26 updated currently accepted names and four taxa newly naturalized since the production of the source datasets, and the exclusion of 13 taxa that were either found not to be in Australia or were in fact doubtfully naturalized. This study also supports the notion that automated processes alone will not be enough to ensure taxonomically clean datasets, and that manual scrutiny of data is essential. In the long term, this will best be supported by increased investment in taxonomy and botany in university curricula.
Erasmus of Rotterdam was a scholar with a broad range of interests living in the Renaissance and Reformation period, and he has become the eponymous figurehead of a European university mobility programme initiated thirty years ago. With reference to the partnership between the University of Ostrava (Czech Republic) and the Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences (Germany), this paper demonstrates the key importance of this programme for university courses in translation studies, showing how the programme is implemented in line with Erasmus of Rotterdam's ideas and convictions.
OBJECTIVE: The role of supraglottic airway devices in emergency airway management is highlighted in international airway management guidelines. We evaluated the application of the new generation laryngeal tube suction (LTS-II/LTS-D) in the management of in-hospital unexpected difficult airway and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
METHODS: During a seven-year period, patients treated with a laryngeal tube who received routine anesthesia and had an unexpected difficult airway (Cormack Lehane Grade 3-4), who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside the operating room and had a difficult airway were evaluated. Successful placement of the LTS II/LTS-D, sufficient ventilation, time to placement, number of placement attempts, stomach content, peripheral oxygen saturation/end-tidal carbon dioxide development (SpO2/etCO2) over 5 minutes, subjective overall assessment and complications were recorded.
RESULTS: In total, 106 adult patients were treated using an LTS-II/LTS-D. The main indication for placement was a difficult airway (75%, n=80), followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (25%, n=26) or an overlap between both (18%, n=19). In 94% of patients (n=100), users placed the laryngeal tube during the first attempt. In 93% of patients (n=98), the tube was placed within 30 seconds. A significant increase in SpO2 from 97% (0-100) to 99% (5-100) was observed in the whole population and in cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients. The average initial etCO2 of 39.5 mmHg (0-100 mmHg) decreased significantly to an average of 38.4 mmHg (10-62 mmHg) after 5 minutes. A comparison of cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients with non-cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients regarding gastric contents showed no significant difference.
CONCLUSIONS: LTS-D/LTS-II use for in-hospital unexpected difficult airway management provides a secure method for primary airway management until other options such as video laryngoscopy or fiber optic intubation become available.
Mutualistic interactions between plants and animals can affect both plant and animal communities, and potentially leave imprints on plant demography. Yet, no study has simultaneously tested how trait variation in plant resources shapes the diversity of animal consumers, and how these interactions influence seedling recruitment. Here, we analyzed whether (i) phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity of fruiting plants were correlated with the corresponding diversity of frugivorous birds, and (ii) whether phylogenetic diversity and functional identity of plant and bird communities influenced the corresponding diversity and identity of seedling communities. We recorded mutualistic interactions between fleshy-fruited plants and frugivorous birds and seedling communities in 10 plots along an elevational gradient in the Colombian Andes. We built a phylogeny for plants/seedlings and birds and measured relevant morphological plant and bird traits that influence plant-bird interactions and seedling recruitment. We found that phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity of frugivorous birds were positively associated with the corresponding diversities of fruiting plants, consistent with a bottom-up effect of plants on birds. Moreover, the phylogenetic diversity of seedlings was related to the phylogenetic diversity of plants, but was unrelated to the phylogenetic diversity of frugivorous birds, suggesting that top-down effects of animals on seedlings were weak. Mean seed mass of seedling communities was positively associated with the mean fruit mass of plants, but was not associated with the mean avian body mass in the frugivore communities. Our study shows that variation in the traits of fleshy-fruited plants was associated with the diversity of frugivorous birds and affected the future trajectory of seedling recruitment, whereas the morphological traits of animal seed dispersers were unrelated to the phylogenetic and functional structure of seedling communities. These findings suggest that bottom-up effects are more important than top-down effects for seed-dispersal interactions and seedling recruitment in diverse tropical communities.
Bestimmung des klinischen Nutzens systemischer adjuvanter Therapien beim frühen Mammakarzinom
(2017)
Die onkologische Therapie befindet sich im Umbruch. Hohe Erwartungen sind mit einer Reihe innovativer zielgerichteter Medikamente verknüpft, die sich derzeit in der klinischen Entwicklung befinden. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfahren Diskussionen um die Begriffe klinischer Nutzen oder klinische Relevanz neue Aktualität. Dies gilt auch für die Weiterentwicklungen der adjuvanten systemischen Therapie des frühen Mammakarzinoms. In Anbetracht der kurativen Zielsetzung erfolgt die Beurteilung des klinischen Nutzens einer adjuvanten Therapie maßgeblich anhand von Wirksamkeitsendpunkten. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf Verbesserungen des krankheitsfreien Überlebens und des Rezidivrisikos. Eine Aussage zum Gesamtüberleben ist aufgrund der heute erreichten niedrigen Mortalitätsraten erst nach sehr langen Beobachtungszeiten möglich. Folgerichtig sollte neuen Medikamenten für die adjuvante Therapie ein klinischer Nutzen zugesprochen werden, wenn sie eine weitere Reduktion des Rezidivrisikos über den heutigen hohen Standard hinaus ermöglichen. Die Evidenz für etablierte adjuvante Therapiestandards beim frühen Mammakarzinom kann als objektiver Maßstab zum Vergleich herangezogen werden. Am Beispiel der adjuvanten endokrinen Therapie, der adjuvanten Polychemotherapie und der adjuvanten Anti-HER2-Therapie werden in diesem Übersichtsartikel die Anforderungen für den klinischen Nutzen neuer adjuvanter Therapien beim frühen Mammakarzinom abgeleitet.
Oncologic therapy is currently undergoing significant changes. A number of innovative targeted medications currently in clinical development have raised high expectations. With that in mind, discussions about terms such as "clinical benefit" and "clinical relevance" are highly topical. This also applies to further developments in the field of adjuvant systemic therapies for early-stage breast cancer. As the treatment aim is curative, assessment of the clinical benefit of adjuvant therapies must be largely based on efficacy outcomes. The focus must be on improving disease-free survival rates and lowering the risk of recurrence. Because of the current low mortality rates, statements about overall survival rates are only possible after very long observation periods. Consequently, new drugs in adjuvant therapies should be considered as offering a clinical benefit, if they reduce the risk of recurrence below current low levels of risk. The evidence for established adjuvant therapy standards in early-stage breast cancer can be used as objective criteria for comparison. This review article considers the requirements for clinical benefit of new adjuvant therapies for early breast cancer, based on examples from adjuvant endocrine therapy, adjuvant polychemotherapy and adjuvant anti-HER2 therapy.
Diskursive Praktiken, insbesondere Texte, bewegen sich in einem kulturellen Feld, das in raumtheoretischer Metaphorisierung als von der Trias Zentrum- Peripherie-Außenraum konstituiertes chronotopisches Feld bezeichnet werden kann, mindestens bi-, wahrscheinlich multidirektional und in unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten zwischen seinen beiden Polen verlaufend. Der in den Theologien etablierte Begriff des 'Apokryphen' ist demgegenüber kaum zufällig schon in seiner Semantik statisch und vermag nur die Situierung einer Schrift oder einer Wissenstradition 'im Verborgenen', nicht hingegen ihre Bewegung in Richtung dieses Bereichs, zu thematisieren. Dahinter steht bekanntlich das Anliegen einer Strukturierung epistemischer Bestände mit dem Ziel der Kanonisierung und Gewinnung von Autorität in der (im weitesten Sinne) gesellschaftlichen Kommunikation. Tatsächlich bildet das Konzept von kanonischer und apokrypher Literatur, nimmt man die Kategorie verbotener, indizierter Bücher im Sinne eines diskursiven Außenraums hinzu, auch die oben genannte Trias ab. Denn als 'Apokryphen' lassen sich dann Texte bezeichnen, die nicht kanonisch geworden sind, obwohl ihre inhaltlichen Potentiale das nicht a priori ausgeschlossen hätten. Apokryphe Texte stehen demnach in der diskursiven Peripherie. Grundsätzlich haben sie die Chance, zu einem ferneren Zeitpunkt kanonisch zu werden, sie könnten aber auch zu einer Existenz im Verbotenen verdammt werden.
Die deutschsprachige ästhetische und kulturtheoretisch-anthropologische Debatte des ausgehenden 18. Jahrhunderts thematisiert in unterschiedlichsten Kontexten immer wieder den Umgang mit Fremdheitserfahrung. Sie umfasst in diesem Zusammenhang unterschiedlichste theoretische Modelle der prekären Vermittlung zwischen gegensätzlichen Polen wie besonderer Einzelerfahrung und allgemeinem Erfahrungsganzem, zwischen Einzelphänomen und Kontext, zwischen Fragment und Totalität oder zwischen Singularität und Universalität. Entsprechende Fragestellungen rücken in der Zeit der Spätaufklärung vor allem mit Blick auf die Vermittlung (inter)kultureller Fremdheit in den Fokus des theoretischen und literarischen Interesses: Dies gilt vor allem für die Kulturpraxis inner- und außereuropäischer Reisen, die im Rahmen der zeitgenössischen 'Reisemode' zu Debatten über die Möglichkeit kosmopolitischen Weltbürgertums, über Modi interkultureller Begegnung oder die Legitimität kolonialer Expansion ebenso wie zur Entwicklung einer konkreten ethnopoetischen Reise- und Reisedarstellungspoetik Anlass gibt. Dieser philosophisch-theoretischen und literarischen Konjunktur von Reisediskursen korrespondieren gleichzeitig unterschiedliche Entwürfe einer transnationalen vergleichenden Kulturgeschichte, die immer wieder in kulturelle Hierarchisierungsmodelle münden, in denen europäischen Kulturen erwartungsgemäß eine wenn nicht qualitative oder normative, so doch immerhin strategische Überlegenheit zuerkannt wird. Hiermit verbinden sich drittens frühe Ansätze zur Theorie und Praxis 'weltliterarischer' Bildung sowie Appelle für eine grenzüberschreitende Beschäftigung mit literarischen und kulturellen Artefakten als Vorläufermodelle komparatistischer Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft.
Background/Aims: Alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) as significant contributor to traumatic injury is linked to suppressed inflammatory response, thereby influencing clinical outcomes. Alcohol-induced immune-suppression during acute inflammation (trauma) was linked to nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-ĸB). Here, we analyzed alcohol`s effects and mechanisms underlying its influence on NF-ĸB-signaling during acute inflammation in human lung epithelial cells. Methods: A549-cells were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β, or sera from trauma patients (TP) or healthy volunteers, with positive/negative blood alcohol concentrations (BAC), and subsequently exposed to EtOH (170 Mm, 1h). IL-6-release and neutrophil adhesion to A549 were analyzed. Specific siRNA-NIK mediated downregulation of non-canonical, and IKK-NBD-inhibition of canonical NF-ĸB signaling were performed. Nuclear levels of activated p50 and p52 NF-ĸB-subunits were detected using TransAm ELISA. Results: Both stimuli significantly induced IL-6-release (39.79±4.70 vs. 0.58±0.8 pg/ml) and neutrophil adhesion (132.30±8.80 vs. 100% control, p<0.05) to A549-cells. EtOH significantly decreased IL-6-release (22.90±5.40, p<0.05) and neutrophil adherence vs. controls (105.40±14.5%, p<0.05). IL-1β-induced significant activation of canonical/p50 and non-canonical/p52 pathways. EtOH significantly reduced p50 (34.90±23.70 vs. 197.70±36.43, p<0.05) not p52 activation. Inhibition of canonical pathway was further increased by EtOH (less p50-activation), while p52 remained unaltered. Inhibition of non-canonical pathway was unchanged by EtOH. Conclusion: Here, alcohol`s anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via decreasing nuclear levels of activated p50-subunit and canonical NF-ĸB signaling pathway.
The KER for electron capture of vibrational cooled HeH+ and H3 + ions at 20 keV from residual gas atoms has been measured in the Frankfurt Low Energy Storage Ring (FLSR). At a vacuum in the order of few 10-11 mbar, this residual gas consists to 99% of H2 molecules. For the identification of the recoil products of this reaction, a recoil spectrometer (with an MCP-detector with position and time sensitive read out) was installed at one of the focus points (IP) in the FLSR. The planned extension of this set up by a gas target to a full COLTRIMS reaction microscope will be discussed.
Some anaerobic archaea and bacteria live on substrates that do not allow the synthesis of one mol of ATP per mol of substrate via substrate level phosphorylation (SLP). Energy conservation in these cases is only possible by a chemiosmotic mechanism that involves the generation of an electrochemical ion gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane that then drives ATP synthesis via an ATP synthase. The minimal amount of energy required for ATP synthesis is thus dependent on the magnitude of the electrochemical ion gradient, the phosphorylation potential in the cell and the ion/ATP ratio of the ATP synthase. It was always thought that the minimum biological energy quantum is defined as the amount of energy required to translocate one ion across the cytoplasmic membrane. We will discuss the thermodynamics of the reactions involved in chemiosmosis and describe the limitations for ion transport and ATP synthesis that led to the proposal that at least −20 kJ/mol are required for ATP synthesis. We will challenge this hypothesis by arguing that the enzyme energizing the membrane may translocate net less than one ion: By using a primary pump connected to an antiporter module a stoichiometry below one can be obtained, implying that the minimum biological energy quantum that sustains life is even lower than assumed to date.
Objectives: There is promising evidence that mindfulness-based interventions are effective in reducing the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, until now, studies have often lacked a full clinical PTSD assessment, and interventions are often administered in addition to other interventions. This study examined the feasibility of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) as a standalone intervention in patients with PTSD who have experienced mixed traumatic events.
Method: Fourteen patients participated in 8 weeks of MBSR. The patients were assessed prior to treatment, post-treatment and at a 1-month follow-up through self-ratings (e.g., the Davidson Trauma Scale) and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale to determine the effects of the intervention. Furthermore, after the intervention, the patients participated in qualitative interviews regarding their experiences with MBSR and their ideas for future improvements.
Results: Nine patients finished the program, and these patients considered the exercises to be applicable and helpful. In the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, we found large effects regarding the reduction of PTSD symptoms among completers (Cohen's d = 1.2). In the Davidson Trauma Scale, the effect sizes were somewhat lower (Cohen's d = 0.6) but nevertheless confirmed the efficacy of MBSR in reducing PTSD symptoms. In the qualitative interviews, the patients reported an augmentation of wellbeing and improvement regarding the handling of difficult situations and more distance from the traumatic event.
Conclusion: Despite the large effects, the high dropout rates and the results of the post-treatment interviews suggest that the intervention should be better adapted to the needs of PTSD patients, e.g., by giving more information regarding the exercises and by including shorter exercises to manage acute distress.
Internationale Bibliographie der Sekundärliteratur zu Bertha von Suttner. Stand: Juni 2017. - Nicht aufgenommen wurden Rezensionen, Zeitungsartikel, Romanbiographien, Dramatisierungen von Leben und Romanen, Filmbiographien, Filmdokumentationen, einzelne Kapitel in übergreifenden Publikationen zum Nobelpreis, (Foto-)Portraits.
Background and Purpose: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature and elucidate open questions for future clinical trials concerning diagnostics and treatment modalities for cervical cancer of unknown primary (CUP).
Methods: A literature search for head and neck CUP was performed with focus on diagnostics and therapies as well as molecular markers.
Results: High level evidence on CUP is limited. However, it seems that a consensus exists regarding the optimal diagnostic procedures. The correct implementation of biomarkers for patient stratification and treatment remains unclear. An even greater dispute dominates about the ideal treatment with publications ranging from sole surgery to surgery with postoperative bilateral radiotherapy with inclusion of the mucosa and concomitant chemotherapy.
Conclusions: Cervical CUP represents a very heterogeneous malignant disease. On this account many aspects concerning treatment optimization remain unclear, despite a considerable number of publications in the past. Future research in form of prospective randomized trials is needed in order to better define patient stratification criteria and enable tailored treatment.