Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (30744)
- Part of Periodical (11923)
- Book (8316)
- Doctoral Thesis (5735)
- Part of a Book (3721)
- Working Paper (3388)
- Review (2878)
- Contribution to a Periodical (2369)
- Preprint (2205)
- Report (1544)
Language
- German (42603)
- English (29571)
- French (1067)
- Portuguese (723)
- Multiple languages (314)
- Croatian (302)
- Spanish (301)
- Italian (195)
- mis (174)
- Turkish (148)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (75723) (remove)
Keywords
- Deutsch (1038)
- Literatur (809)
- taxonomy (766)
- Deutschland (543)
- Rezension (491)
- new species (453)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Universität (341)
- Rezeption (325)
- Geschichte (292)
- Übersetzung (271)
Institute
- Medizin (7771)
- Präsidium (5232)
- Physik (4556)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (2710)
- Extern (2661)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (2378)
- Biowissenschaften (2196)
- Biochemie und Chemie (1978)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (1775)
- Center for Financial Studies (CFS) (1632)
Measurements of the production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in pp collisions at s√=13 TeV at midrapidity with the ALICE detector are presented down to a transverse momentum (pT) of 0.2 GeV/c and up to pT=35 GeV/c, which is the largest momentum range probed for inclusive electron measurements in ALICE. In p−Pb collisions, the production cross section and the nuclear modification factor of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays are measured in the pT range 0.5<pT<26 GeV/c at sNN−−−√=8.16 TeV. The nuclear modification factor is found to be consistent with unity within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. In both collision systems, first measurements of the yields of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in different multiplicity intervals normalised to the multiplicity-integrated yield (self-normalised yield) at midrapidity are reported as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle multiplicity estimated at midrapidity. The self-normalised yields in pp and p−Pb collisions grow faster than linear with the self-normalised multiplicity. A strong pT dependence is observed in pp collisions, where the yield of high-pT electrons increases faster as a function of multiplicity than the one of low-pT electrons. The measurement in p−Pb collisions shows no pT dependence within uncertainties. The self-normalised yields in pp and p−Pb collisions are compared with measurements of other heavy-flavour, light-flavour, and strange particles, and with Monte Carlo simulations.
Parallel global edge switching for the uniform sampling of simple graphs with prescribed degrees
(2023)
The uniform sampling of simple graphs matching a prescribed degree sequence is an important tool in network science, e.g. to construct graph generators or null-models. Here, the Edge Switching Markov Chain (ES-MC) is a common choice. Given an arbitrary simple graph with the required degree sequence, ES-MC carries out a large number of small changes, called edge switches, to eventually obtain a uniform sample. In practice, reasonably short runs efficiently yield approximate uniform samples.
In this work, we study the problem of executing edge switches in parallel. We discuss parallelizations of ES-MC, but find that this approach suffers from complex dependencies between edge switches. For this reason, we propose the Global Edge Switching Markov Chain (G-ES-MC), an ES-MC variant with simpler dependencies. We show that G-ES-MC converges to the uniform distribution and design shared-memory parallel algorithms for ES-MC and G-ES-MC. In an empirical evaluation, we provide evidence that G-ES-MC requires not more switches than ES-MC (and often fewer), and demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our parallel G-ES-MC implementation.
Highlights
• A proteomic analysis of the mandibular glands of Shinisaurius crocodilurus and Corucia zebrata, was performed.
• Scanning electron microscopy of S. crocodilurus' teeth revealed a sharp ridge on the anterior surface, but no grooves.
• Scanning electron microscopy of C. zebrata teeth showed a flattened crown with a pointed cusp.
• Proteomic analysis of gland extracts of S. crocodilurus and C. zebrata showed absence of venom-derived peptides or proteins.
• Our results strongly support the non-venomous character of both S. crocodilurus and C. zebrata.
Abstract
Based on its phylogenetic relationship to monitor lizards (Varanidae), Gila monsters (Heloderma spp.), and the earless monitor Lanthanotus borneesis, the Chinese crocodile lizard, Shinisaurus crocodilurus, has been assigned to the Toxicofera clade, which comprises venomous reptiles. However, no data about composition and biological activities of its oral secretion have been reported. In the present study, a proteomic analysis of the mandibular gland of S. crocodilurus and, for comparison, of the herbivorous Solomon Island skink Corucia zebrata, was performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the teeth from S. crocodilurus revealed a sharp ridge on the anterior surface, but no grooves, whereas those of C. zebrata possess a flattened crown with a pointed cusp. Proteomic analysis of their gland extracts provided no evidence of venom-derived peptides or proteins, strongly supporting the non-venomous character of these lizards. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD039424.
Production of inclusive charmonia in pp collisions at center-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV and p–Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of √sNN = 8.16 TeV is studied as a function of charged-particle pseudorapidity density with ALICE. Ground and excited charmonium states (J/ψ, ψ(2S)) are measured from their dimuon decays in the interval of rapidity in the center-of-mass frame 2.5 < ycms < 4.0 for pp collisions, and 2.03 < ycms < 3.53 and −4.46 < ycms < −2.96 for p–Pb collisions. The charged-particle pseudorapidity density is measured around midrapidity (|η| < 1.0). In pp collisions, the measured charged-particle multiplicity extends to about six times the average value, while in p-Pb collisions at forward (backward) rapidity a multiplicity corresponding to about three (four) times the average is reached. The ψ(2S) yield increases with the charged-particle pseudorapidity density. The ratio of ψ(2S) over J/ψ yield does not show a significant multiplicity dependence in either colliding system, suggesting a similar behavior of J/ψ and ψ(2S) yields with respect to charged-particle pseudorapidity density. Results for the ψ(2S) yield and its ratio with respect to J/ψ agree with available model calculations.
Establishing and maintaining protected areas (PAs) is a key action in delivering post-2020 biodiversity targets. PAs often need to meet multiple objectives, ranging from biodiversity protection to ecosystem service provision and climate change mitigation, but available land and conservation funding is limited. Therefore, optimizing resources by selecting the most beneficial PAs is vital. Here, we advocate for a flexible and transparent approach to selecting PAs based on multiple objectives, and illustrate this with a decision support tool on a global scale. The tool allows weighting and prioritization of different conservation objectives according to user-specified preferences as well as real-time comparison of the outcome. Applying the tool across 1,346 terrestrial PAs, we demonstrate that decision makers frequently face trade-offs among conflicting objectives, e.g., between species protection and ecosystem integrity. Nevertheless, we show that transparent decision support tools can reveal synergies and trade-offs associated with PA selection, thereby helping to illuminate and resolve land-use conflicts embedded in divergent societal and political demands and values.
Refraktives und visuelles Ergebnis nach Neuausrichtung von rotierten torischen Intraokularlinsen
(2023)
Hintergrund und Ziel der Studie
Das Ziel der Studie ist die Beurteilung des refraktiven und visuellen Ergebnisses von Patienten mit fehlausgerichteten torischen IOLs nach operativer Neuausrichtung, mit und ohne Rückberechnung der torischen Achse nach Implantation der IOL.
Methoden
Dies ist eine retrospektive Analyse von 39 Patienten, die sich von August 2013 bis Dezember 2019 an der Klinik für Augenheilkunde der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main einer zweiten Operation zur Neuausrichtung einer fehlausgerichteten torischen IOL unterzogen haben. Die zweite Operaton zur Korrektur der Achsenlage wurde auf zwei Weisen durchgeführt: In der ersten Gruppe wurde auf die primär berechnete Achse rotiert und in der zweiten Gruppe wurde die Rotation auf eine neu berechnete Achse mit dem Rückrechner von astigmatisfix.com vorgenommen.
Ergebnisse
In dieser retrospektiven Studie wurden 39 Augen von 39 Patienten eingeschlossen. Die Ergebnisse nach der ersten Operation (die Linsenoperation) zeigte eine Besserung der (BCVA) von 0,28 ± 0,22 logMAR (20/40) auf 0,15 ± 0,14 logMAR (20/32). Nach der Linsenoperation zeigten die torischen IOLs durchschnittlich eine postoperative Fehlstellung von 25,69° ± 26,06°. Verglichen vor und nach der Rotation der torischen IOL blieb der BCVA unverändert bei 0,14 ± 0,14 logMAR (20/32), während sich der UDVA signifikant von 0,39 ± 0,29 logMAR (20/50) auf 0,27 ± 0,18 logMAR (20/40) verbesserte. Das refraktive Ergebnis zeigte eine Reduktion sowohl in der Restsphäre sowie in dem Zylinder. Die Ergebnisse der Gruppenanalyse demonstrierte für die erste Gruppe (Neuausrichtung auf die präoperativ berechnete Achse) eine postoperative UDVA 0,24 ± 0,16 logMAR mit einem Zylinder von 0,90 ± 0,90 D. In der zweiten Gruppe (Ausrichtung auf eine zurückberechnete Achse) betrug die UDVA 0,32 ± 0,20 logMAR mit einem Zylinder von 0,76 ± 0,72 D. Die IOLs mit hoher Zylinderstärke (≥ 2 D) zeigten bei der Rückberechnung eine stärkere Abnahme des Restzylinders als IOL mit niedriger Zylinderstärke (< 2 D) (27 % vs. 9 %). Der mittlere sphärische Äquivalent-Vorhersagefehler der Rückberechnung betrug 0,54 ± 0,55 D.
Schlussfolgerung
Die Neuausrichtung von fehlausgerichteten torischen IOLs verbessert die Sehschärfe und reduziert verbleibende Brechungsfehler. Insbesondere bei IOL mit hoher Zylinderstärke kann ein besseres refraktives Ergebnis erzielt werden, wenn vor der Neuausrichtung eine Rückberechnung durchgeführt wird.
In the deep-sea, the interaction between benthic fauna and substrate mainly occurs through bioturbational processes which can be preserved as traces (i.e., lebensspuren). Lebensspuren are common features of deep seafloor landscapes and usually more abundant than the organism that produce them (i.e., tracemakers), rendering them promising proxies to infer biodiversity. The density and diversity relationships between lebensspuren and benthic fauna are to the present day unclear and contradicting hypotheses have been proposed suggesting negative, positive, or even null correlations. To test these hypotheses, in this study lebensspuren, tracemakers (specific epibenthic fauna that produce these traces), degrading fauna (benthic fauna that can erase lebensspuren), and fauna in general were characterized taxonomically at eight deep-sea stations in the Kuril Kamchatka Trench area. No general correlation (over-all study area) could be observed between diversities of lebensspuren, tracemakers, degrading fauna and fauna. However, a diversity correlation was observed between specific stations, showing both negative and positive correlations depending on: 1) the number of unknown tracemakers (especially significant for dwelling lebensspuren); and 2) the lebensspuren with multiple origins; and 3) tracemakers that can produce different lebensspuren. Lebensspuren and faunal density were not correlated. However, lebensspuren density was either positively or negatively correlated with tracemaker densities, depending on the lebensspuren morphotypes. A positive correlation was observed for resting lebensspuren (e.g., ophiuroid impressions, Actinaria circular impressions), while negative correlations were observed for locomotion-feeding lebensspuren (e.g., echinoid trails). In conclusion, lebensspuren diversity may be a good proxy for tracemaker biodiversity when the lebensspuren-tracemaker tandem can be reliable characterized; and lebensspuren-density correlations vary depending the specific lebensspuren residence time, tracemaker density and associated behaviour (rate of movement), but on a global scale abiotic and other biotic 42 factors may also play an important role.
Epigenetic neural glioblastoma enhances synaptic integration and predicts therapeutic vulnerability
(2023)
Neural-tumor interactions drive glioma growth as evidenced in preclinical models, but clinical validation is nascent. We present an epigenetically defined neural signature of glioblastoma that independently affects patients survival. We use reference signatures of neural cells to deconvolve tumor DNA and classify samples into low- or high-neural tumors. High-neural glioblastomas exhibit hypomethylated CpG sites and upregulation of genes associated with synaptic integration. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals high abundance of stem cell-like malignant cells classified as oligodendrocyte precursor and neural precursor cell-like in high-neural glioblastoma. High-neural glioblastoma cells engender neuron-to-glioma synapse formation in vitro and in vivo and show an unfavorable survival after xenografting. In patients, a high-neural signature associates with decreased survival as well as increased functional connectivity and can be detected via DNA analytes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in plasma. Our study presents an epigenetically defined malignant neural signature in high-grade gliomas that is prognostically relevant.
Elliptic flow of heavy-flavor decay electrons in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 27 and 54.4 GeV at RHIC
(2023)
We report on new measurements of elliptic flow (v2) of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.8) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 27 and 54.4\,GeV from the STAR experiment. Heavy-flavor decay electrons (eHF) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 54.4\,GeV exhibit a non-zero v2 in the transverse momentum (pT) region of pT< 2\,GeV/c with the magnitude comparable to that at sNN−−−√=200 \,GeV. The measured eHF v2 at 54.4\,GeV is also consistent with the expectation of their parent charm hadron v2 following number-of-constituent-quark scaling as other light and strange flavor hadrons at this energy. These suggest that charm quarks gain significant collectivity through the evolution of the QCD medium and may reach local thermal equilibrium in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√=54.4\,GeV. The measured eHF v2 in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√= 27\,GeV is consistent with zero within large uncertainties. The energy dependence of v2 for different flavor particles (π,ϕ,D0/eHF) shows an indication of quark mass hierarchy in reaching thermalization in high-energy nuclear collisions.