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Die folgenden Überlegungen verstehen sich als ein Versuch, Baltasar Graciáns von 1651 bis 1658 in drei Teilen veröffentlichten allegorischen Roman "Criticón" mittels eines close reading seiner ersten Kapitel auf die aktuelle Kulturtechnikforschung zu beziehen. Interessant könnte eine solche Lektüre im Hinblick auf das Thema "Graciáns Künste" vor allem deswegen sein, weil es mit ihr möglich wird, die Vielschichtigkeit dieser Künste als menschliche "artificios" zwischen "ars" und "techne" zu denken. Die Kulturtechnikforschung findet in Graciáns Texten nicht nur ein literarisches Erprobungsfeld für ihre theoretischen Ansatzpunkte, sondern sie erhält möglicherweise auch Einblick in einen Moment ihrer eigenen Genealogie, der wichtige ihrer Einsichten bereits vorwegnimmt, dabei aber auch auf ein zentrales Problem des Verhältnisses von Literatur und Kulturtechniken verweist, nämlich das Verhältnis zwischen Operationalität und Rhetorizität.
La primera parte del "Guzmán de Alfarache" nace justo cuando muere el siglo XVI, en 1599. En realidad, estaba terminada al cabo del año 1597, aunque no será hasta el último de la centuria cuando se ponga a la venta. Como dice uno de los editores modernos, José María Micó, tardó más en imprimirse que en hacerse famosa, porque bien pronto se multiplican las ediciones legales e ilegales del texto. En 1600, Alemán prepara una versión corregida de esa primera parte, cuando las aventuras del Pícaro, como se le llamará por antonomasia, podían leerse ya en Media Europa y en el Nuevo Mundo, según puso de manifiesto Maxime Chevalier, siguiendo la estela de los libros del Conquistador: un tal Juan de Ugarte, que llega en una nave española a Vera Cruz, es registrado por los comisarios de la Inquisición, y reconoce que llevó durante el viaje, "para divertirse", la "Arcadia" de Lope de Vega y el "Guzmán de Alfarache".
This note offers reflections on qualified market access (QMA) - the practice of linking trade agreements to values such as human rights, labour standards, or environmental protection. This idea has been suggested by political theorists as a way of fulfilling our duties to the global poor and of making the global economic system more just, and it has influenced a number of concrete policies, such as European Union (EU) trade policies. Yet, in order to assess its merits tout court, different perspectives and disciplines need to be brought together, such as international law, economics, political science, and philosophy. It is also worth reflecting on existing practices, such as those of the EU. This note summarises some insights about QMA by drawing such research together and considers the areas in which further research is needed, whilst reflecting also on the merits of interdisciplinary exchanges on such topics.
Gestern war in der Sendung kulturzeit auf 3sat ein interessanter Bericht zu sehen über einen Dokumentarfilm: Forbidden Voices. Dieser Film der Regiseurin Barbara Miller porträtiert drei Frauen, die in Blogs gegen die Unmenschlichkeit und Ungerechtigleit ihrer politischen Herrscher anschreiben. Mehr Informationen gibts hier.
Soil water potential is crucial to plant transpiration and thus to carbon cycling and biosphere–atmosphere interactions, yet it is difficult to measure in the field. Volumetric and gravimetric water contents are easy and cheap to measure in the field, but can be a poor proxy of plant-available water. Soil water content can be transformed to water potential using soil moisture retention curves. We provide empirically derived soil moisture retention curves for seven soil types in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Site-specific curves produced excellent estimates of soil water potential from soil water content values. Curves from soils derived from the same geological substrate were similar, potentially allowing for the use of one curve for basalt soils and another for granite soils. It is anticipated that this dataset will help hydrologists and ecophysiologists understand water dynamics, carbon cycling and biosphere–atmosphere interactions under current and changing climatic conditions in the region.
Buff, red, grey – these are common descriptions of pottery in archaeology. Colour is usually part of the recording of ceramic data, but these data are rarely used for more than the most general characterisation of pottery. Despite hesitations concerning the subjective nature of these observations and other factors involved in colour notation, is has been shown that the data can lead the way to broader interpretations, and careful recording with a standardised system such as the Munsell colour charts may reduce the effects of personal perception. A sample of colour notations of pottery from Tell Mozan, Syria, is presented here as an example of the possibilities; it is hoped that this study will provide comparative data for other sites in the region.
In den römischen Grabinschriften CIL XIII 8390 und 8849 aus Köln/CCAA muss ein Buchstabenornament als O(pto) s(it) t(ibi) t(erra) l(evis) gelesen werden, nicht als O(ssa) h(ic) s(ita) oder ähnlich. In Form eines medaillonartigen Monogramms kommt die Buchstabengruppe OSTTL vor allem in Pannonien vor.
The neuroanatomical connectivity of cortical circuits is believed to follow certain rules, the exact origins of which are still poorly understood. In particular, numerous nonrandom features, such as common neighbor clustering, overrepresentation of reciprocal connectivity, and overrepresentation of certain triadic graph motifs have been experimentally observed in cortical slice data. Some of these data, particularly regarding bidirectional connectivity are seemingly contradictory, and the reasons for this are unclear. Here we present a simple static geometric network model with distance-dependent connectivity on a realistic scale that naturally gives rise to certain elements of these observed behaviors, and may provide plausible explanations for some of the conflicting findings. Specifically, investigation of the model shows that experimentally measured nonrandom effects, especially bidirectional connectivity, may depend sensitively on experimental parameters such as slice thickness and sampling area, suggesting potential explanations for the seemingly conflicting experimental results.
Background: High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem-cell rescue (ASCR) is a treatment option for pediatric patients with relapsed nephroblastoma. We present long term results of 9 patients treated between 1993 and 2013 at our center.
Procedure: Reinduction therapy was carried out according to GPOH and SIOP recommendations. The conditioning regimen consisted of carboplatin (1 200 mg/m²), etoposide (800 mg/m² or 40 mg/kg) and melphalan (180 mg/m²). Purging of the grafts with immunomagnetic CD34 positive selection was performed in 5 patients.
Results: 8 of 9 Patients (90%) are alive without evidence of disease after a median follow-up of 8.5 years. Leukocyte engraftment occurred after a median of 10 days (range 8-12). Median numbers of 667/µl CD3+, 329/µl CD4+, 369/µl CD8+T cells and 949/µl B cells were reached after 180 days. No negative impact of CD34 selection was observed. No transplantation-related death occurred. Acute toxicity comprised mucositis III°-IV° in all and veno-occlusive disease in one patient. Long term effects probably related to treatment occurred in 3/7 evaluable patients and comprised hearing impairment, reduced renal phosphate reabsorption, mild creatinine elevation and hypothyroidism (n=1, each).
Conclusion: Thus, in our experience HDC with ASCR is an effective treatment of recurrent or refractory nephroblastoma with acceptable side effects. However, a randomized trial proving its efficiency with a high level of evidence is needed.
Dekorierte Straußenei-Behältnisse konnten bislang in zahlreichen Regionen des Mittelmeerraums nachgewiesen werden. Die Bearbeitung und Dekoration erfolgte meist individuell, sodass die Eier aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach eine Einbettung in den jeweiligen regionalen Kontext erfuhren und dort spezifische Funktionen innehatten. Da der Strauß jedoch nur in wenigen Regionen des Mittelmeerraums heimisch war, kann ein überregionaler Handel mit den Eiern angenommen werden.
In den römischen Grabinschriften CIL XIII 8356 und 8267b aus Köln muss entgegen der gängigen Meinung der Forschung der Buchstabe Q jeweils als q(uondam) gelesen werden, nicht als Q(uinti filia), <o(bitus)> oder <Θ>. Die Wendung wurde oftmals mit einem Q wiedergegeben und manchmal zwischen dem Gentiliz und dem Cognomen platziert. Nördlich der Alpen findet sich quondam vor allem in Pannonien.
Neste artigo pretendemos apresentar Sigmund Freud e Vilém Flusser não somente como dois intelectuais que dividem certas peculiaridades biográficas, mas como dois importantes pensadores de proposições convergentes. Ambos analisaram criticamente o mal-estar humano face às diferenças individuais e culturais mediadas pelo simbólico e ambos, cada qual ao seu modo, procuraram apresentar maneiras de lidar com tal questão enfatizando as capacidades criativas da linguagem e da tradução em ultrapassar os limites das diferenças, da intolerância e do mal-entendido. Pretendemos, portanto, discutir aqui as contribuições para o entendimento de cada um destes escritores a partir de uma leitura cruzada de suas obras.
Este artigo pretende analisar a diversidade do ódio na peça "Masaniello" de Christian Weise. Com seu projeto de teatro pedagógico, o autor deseja preparar seus estudantes para as futuras atividades políticas. Isso inclui o desenvolvimento da habilidade de imaginar outros horizontes argumentativos para antecipar possíveis reações. Este artigo se concentra na configuração estética do ódio e suas implicações para o discurso político, considerando o ódio experimentado pelo clero, pela nobreza e pelo povo.
El artículo examina un conjunto de obras de Siegfried Kracauer y Walter Benjamin con el propósito de reconstruir los aportes de ambos autores a una teoría crítica de los intelectuales. Situados entre los frentes, los dos ensayistas intentaron conjugar el compromiso social y político y la búsqueda de una politización de los intelectuales con la renuencia a aceptar y reproducir los dictados de una organización partidaria dogmática. Como término de comparación para el contexto de producción de ambos autores se considera el París de la Restauración, en el que un grupo de pensadores y escritores alemanes exiliados se constituyeron como los primeros intelectuales modernos, identificados con la figura de la conciencia desgarrada (zerrissenes Bewusstsein), tal como fue formulada por Hegel.
La influencia de Marcel Proust en el pensamiento de Benjamin fue tal que llevó al filósofo berlinés a plantearse el peligro de una pérdida de la independencia intelectual de su propio pensamiento. Benjamin no solamente tradujo parte de "À la recherche du temps perdu", sino que recuperó imágenes y conceptos del novelista que incorporó a su pensamiento filosófico. Es de una importancia destacada el rol de ciertos conceptos proustianos en "Das Passagen-Werk" en donde Benjamin recupera su noción de despertar en términos políticos. Este trabajo se propone mostrar entonces las continuidades y rupturas de la lectura benjaminiana del novelista francés, poniendo especial interés en su significación política.
O artigo apresenta o crítico literário Marcel Reich-Ranicki e também procura explicar o fenômeno de seu sucesso na Alemanha. Aprofunda algumas particularidades de sua crítica, sua relação com a mídia de massas e o entretenimento. Finalmente investiga o percurso incomum de sua vida como crítico judeu das literaturas de língua alemã nascido na Polônia e sua relação com a cultura alemã.
Autobiographie, Autofiktion, Metafiktion und Literatur : der Fall "Stadt der Engel" von Christa Wolf
(2014)
Hauptthema des "Buches Stadt der Engel" von Christa Wolf (1929-2011) ist die problematische Feststellung der Realität in unseren heutigen Tagen. Dieses Buch, ein Erzählrahmen funktioniert, der alle Diskurse im Text stützt: den romanhaften, den historischen, den autobiographischen. Sogar die surrealistische Figur eines Schutzengels wird dem Leser geboten, eine Figur, die der Protagonistin als Ausländerin in einem fremden Land hilft, Schicksalsschläge wie die "Entdeckung" der eigenen Vergangenheit als IM Margarete der Stasi zu überwinden. Absicht dieses Essays ist es zu zeigen, wie alle diese Diskurse im Text zu einem literarischen Gewebe artikuliert werden.
Walter Moers é um dos grandes autores da vertente fantástica dentro da literatura alemã atual. Desde a publicação de seu primeiro romance, em 1999, o escritor consagrou-se como autor de best-sellers. Nos seis romances publicados até a presente data tem-se um elemento comum, que serve de fio condutor às obras: o continente fictício de "Zamonien", um mundo maravilhoso criado por Moers. Esse mundo inventado é palco para inúmeras aventuras, lutas, jornadas, conquistas, mistérios, disputas, perigos, criaturas inusitadas e cenários desconhecidos. Se, por um lado, as obras fantásticas de Moers estão de acordo com as convenções do gênero da Fantasy; por outro, elas trazem consigo uma proposta literária inovadora, que rompe com algumas convenções desse gênero. É o caso da metaficcionalidade, presente de forma marcante em seus romances. Pretende-se nesse trabalho apresentar brevemente um romance de Walter Moers, 'Die Stadt der träumenden Bücher' (2004), discorrer sobre os elementos constitutivos que inserem a obra no gênero da Fantasy e, por fim, aprofundar-se nos aspectos da metaficcionalidade encontrados na obra em questão.
Introduction - Issue 7
(2014)
A recent trend in international development circles is "New Institutionalism". In a slogan, the idea is just that good institutions matter. The slogan itself is so innocuous as to be hardly worth comment. But the push to improve institutional quality has the potential to have a much less innocuous impact on aid efforts and other aspects of international development. This paper provides a critical introduction to some of the literature on institutional quality. It looks, in particular, at an argument for the conclusion that making aid conditional on good institutional quality will promote development by reducing poverty. This paper suggests that there is little theoretical or empirical evidence that this kind of conditionality is good for the poor.