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We compare different models for hadronic and quark phases of cold baryon rich matter in an attempt to find a deconfinement phase transition between them. For the hadronic phase we consider Walecka type mean field models which describe well the nuclear saturation properties. We also use the variational chain model which takes into account correlation effects. For the quark phase we consider the MIT bag model, the Nambu Jona-Lasinio and the massive quasiparticle models. By comparing pressure as a function of baryon chemical potential we find that crossings of hadronic and quark branches are possible only in some exceptional cases while for most realistic parameter sets these branches do not cross at all. Moreover, the chiral phase transition, often discussed within the framework of QCD motivated models, lies in the region where the quark phases are unstable with respect to the hadronic phase. We discuss possible physical consequences of these findings.
The high E(T) drop of J / psi to Drell-Yan ratio from the statistical c anti-c coalescence model
(2002)
The dependence of the J/psi yield on the transverse energy ET in heavy ion collisions is considered within the statistical c¯c coalescence model. The model fits the NA50 data for Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN SPS even in the high-ET region (ET >< 100 GeV). Here ET -fluctuations and ET -losses in the dimuon event sample naturally create the celebrated drop in the J/psi to Drell-Yan ratio.
The amount of proton stopping in central Pb+Pb collisions from 20 160 A·GeV as well as hyperon and antihyperon rapidity distributions are calcu- lated within the UrQMD model in comparison to experimental data at 40, 80 and 160 A·GeV taken recently from the NA49 collaboration. Further- more, the amount of baryon stopping at 160 A·GeV for Pb + Pb collisions is studied as a function of centrality in comparison to the NA49 data. We find that the strange baryon yield is reasonably described for central colli- sions, however, the rapidity distributions are somewhat more narrow than the data. Moreover, the experimental antihyperon rapidity distributions at 40, 80 and 160 A·GeV are underestimated by up to factors of 3 - depending on the annihilation cross section employed - which might be addressed to missing multi-meson fusion channels in the UrQMD model. PACS 25.75.+r
We study central collision of Pb + Pb at 20, 40, 80 and 160 A·GeV within the UrQMD transport approach and compare rapidity distributions of ,K+,K and with the recent measurements from the NA49 Collaboration at 40, 80 and 160 A·GeV. It is found that the UrQMD model reasonably describes the data, however, systematically overpredicts the yield by < 20%, whereas the K+ yield is underestimated by < 15%. The K yields are in a good agreement with the experimental data, the yields are also in a reasonable correspondence with the data for all energies. We find that hadronic flavour exchange reactions largely distort the information about the initial strangeness production mechanism at all energies considered. PACS: 25.75.+r
We discuss the possibility of producing a new kind of nuclear system by putting a few antibaryons inside ordinary nuclei. The structure of such systems is calculated within the relativistic mean field model assuming that the nucleon and antinucleon potentials are related by the G parity transformation. The presence of antinucleons leads to decreasing vector potential and increasing scalar potential for the nucleons. As a result, a strongly bound system of high density is formed. Due to the significant reduction of the available phase space the annihilation probability might be strongly suppressed in such systems.
The recently published experimental dependence of the J/psi suppression pattern in Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN SPS on the energy of zero degree calorimeter EZDC are analyzed. It is found that the data obtained within the minimum bias analysis (using theoretical Drell-Yan ) are at variance with the previously published experimental dependence of the same quantity on the transversal energy of neutral hadrons ET . The discrepancy is related to the moderate centrality region: 100 << Np << 200 (Np is the number of nucleon participants). This could result from systematic experimental errors in the minimum bias sample. A possible source of the errors may be contamination of the minimum bias sample by o -target interactions. The data obtained within the standard analysis (using measured Drell-Yan multiplicity) are found to be much less sensitive to the contamination.
The measured particle ratios in central heavy-ion collisions at RHIC-BNL are investigated within a chemical and thermal equilibrium chiral SU(3) theta - omega approach. The commonly adopted noninteracting gas calculations yield temperatures close to or above the critical temperature for the chiral phase transition, but without taking into account any interactions. Contrary, the chiral SU(3) model predicts temperature and density dependent e ective hadron masses and e ective chemical potentials in the medium and a transition to a chirally restored phase at high temperatures or chemical potentials. Three di erent parametrizations of the model, which show di erent types of phase transition behaviour, are investigated. We show that if a chiral phase transition occured in those collisions, freezing of the relative hadron abundances in the symmetric phase is excluded by the data. Therefore, either very rapid chemical equilibration must occur in the broken phase, or the measured hadron ratios are the outcome of the dynamical symmetry breaking. Furthermore, the extracted chemical freeze-out parameters di er considerably from those obtained in simple noninteracting gas calculations. In particular, the three models yield up to 35 MeV lower temperatures than the free gas approximation. The in-medium masses turn out di er up to 150 MeV from their vacuum values.
We calculate p, ±,K± and (+ 0) rapidity distributions and compare to experimental data from SIS to SPS energies within the UrQMD and HSD transport approaches that are both based on string, quark, diquark (q, ¯q, qq, ¯q ¯q) and hadronic degrees of freedom. The two transport models do not include any explicit phase transition to a quark-gluon plasma (QGP). It is found that both approaches agree rather well with each other and with the experimental rapidity distributions for protons, s, ± and K±. In- spite of this apparent agreement both transport models fail to reproduce the maximum in the excitation function for the ratio K+/ + found experimen- tally between 11 and 40 A·GeV. A comparison to the various experimental data shows that this failure is dominantly due to an insu cient description of pion rapidity distributions rather than missing strangeness . The modest di erences in the transport model results on the other hand can be attributed to di erent implementations of string formation and frag- mentation, that are not su ciently controlled by experimental data for the elementary reactions in vacuum.
A canonical partition function for the two-component excluded volume model is derived, leading to two di erent van der Waals approximations. The one is known as the Lorentz-Berthelot mixture and the other has been proposed recently. Both models are analysed in the canonical and grand canonical ensemble. In comparison with the one-component van der Waals excluded volume model the suppression of particle densities is reduced in these two-component formulations, but in two essentially di erent ways. Presently used multi-component models have no such reduction. They are shown to be not correct when used for components with di erent hard-core radii. For high temperatures the excluded volume interaction is refined by accounting for the Lorentz contraction of the spherical excluded volumes, which leads to a distinct enhancement of lighter particles. The resulting e ects on pion yield ratios are studied for AGS and SPS data.
The amount of proton stopping in central Pb+Pb collisions from 20–160 A GeV as well as hyperon and antihyperon rapidity distributions are calculated within the UrQMD model in comparison to experimental data at 40, 80, and 160 A GeV taken recently from the NA49 collaboration. Furthermore, the amount of baryon stopping at 160A GeV for Pb+Pb collisions is studied as a function of centrality in comparison to the NA49 data. We find that the strange baryon yield is reasonably described for central collisions, however, the rapidity distributions are somewhat more narrow than the data. Moreover, the experimental antihyperon rapidity distributions at 40, 80, and 160 A GeV are underestimated by up to factors of 3—depending on the annihilation cross section employed—which might be addressed to missing multimeson fusion channels in the UrQMD model. Pacs-Nr.: 25.75.2q, 24.10.Jv, 24.10.Lx
Im Rahmen einer Zusammenschau werden im hier vorliegenden Bericht landwirtschaftliche und den ländlichen Raum betreffende Entwicklungen eingeschätzt und, in Verbindung hiermit, künftige Umweltentlastungen sowie mögliche neue Umweltgefährdungen dargestellt. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtungen steht die Nahrungsmittelproduktion in Deutschland, wobei die Integration der deutschen Landwirtschaft in die europäische Landwirtschaft und die Weltwirtschaft und die hiermit einhergehenden äußeren Einflüsse einbezogen werden. Der Zeithorizont der Betrachtungen ist der Zeitraum bis 2030. ...
The lightest supersymmetric particle, most likely the lightest neutralino, is one of the most prominent particle candidates for cold dark matter (CDM). We show that the primordial spectrum of density fluctuations in neutralino CDM has a sharp cut-off, induced by two different damping mechanisms. During the kinetic decoupling of neutralinos, non-equilibrium processes constitute viscosity effects, which damp or even absorb density perturbations in CDM. After the last scattering of neutralinos, free streaming induces neutralino flows from overdense to underdense regions of space. Both damping mechanisms together define a minimal mass scale for perturbations in neutralino CDM, before the inhomogeneities enter the non- linear epoch of structure formation. We find that the very first gravitationally bound neutralino clouds ought to have masses above 10-6M , which is six orders of magnitude above the mass of possible axion miniclusters.
We study properties of compact stars with the deconfinement phase transition in their interiors. The equation of state of cold baryon-rich matter is constructed by combining a relativistic mean-field model for the hadronic phase and the MIT Bag model for the deconfined phase. In a narrow parameter range two sequences of compact stars (twin stars), which differ by the size of the quark core, have been found. We demonstrate the possibility of a rapid transition between the twin stars with the energy release of about 10 ^52 ergs. This transition should be accompanied by the prompt neutrino burst and the delayed gamma-ray burst.
A novel mechanism of H0 and strangelet production in hadronic interactions within the Gribov-Regge approach is presented. In contrast to traditional distillation approaches, here the production of multiple (strange) quark bags does not require large baryon densities or a QGP. The production cross section increases with center of mass energy. Rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of the H 0 are predicted for pp collisions at E_lab = 160 AGeV (SPS) and \sqrt s = 200 AGeV (RHIC). The predicted total H 0 multiplicities are of order of the Omega-baryon yield and can be accessed by the NA49 and the STAR experiments.
The production of multiple strange baryons in pp interactions is studied. Here one can directly probe the microscopic decay of color flux tubes, allowing to differentiate between different string models and a statistical description of the hadronization. To analyse the different stages of a heavy ion collision the time evolution of the elastic and inelastic collision rates in central Pb+Pb interactions are studied. The microscopic simulation supports the idea of separated phases (non-equilibrium -> chemical freeze-out -> kinetic freeze-out) in the evolution of the system. The spectra and abundances of Lambda(1520), K 0(892) and other resonances are used to study the break-up dynamics of the source between chemical and thermal freeze-out.
Untersuchung biochemischer Parameter des Lipidstoffwechsels bei chirurgischen Intensivpatienten
(2002)
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war, die biochemischen Zusammenhänge von häufig auftretenden Störungen des Fettstoffwechsels unter den Bedingungen der längerfristigen postoperativen Intensivtherapie zu untersuchen. In die Untersuchung eingeschlossen wurden Patienten mit einer Mindestaufenthaltsdauer auf der chirurgischen Intensivpflegestation von sieben Tagen, bei denen im Verlauf dieses Aufenthalts der prozentuale Anteil der alpha-Lipoproteine (elektrophoretisch) auf 20 % oder darunter bzw. der Cholesterinesterquotient auf 50 % oder darunter sank. Die Ergebnisse der Lipidelektrophorese korrelieren bei Seren von Gesunden gut mit Ergebnissen der Referenzmethode Ultrazentrifugation. Bei chirurgischen Intensivpatienten, die z. T. starke Veränderungen des Lipoproteinstoffwechsels aufweisen, ist die Lipidelektrophorese als Methode nur bedingt geeignet, denn es ergeben sich deutliche Abweichungen der Ergebnisse im Vergleich zu denen der Ultrazentrifugation. Bei den untersuchten Intensivpatienten, in deren Seren keine elektrophoretische Mobilität der alpha-Lipoproteine feststellbar war, konnten dennoch Lipoproteine mit hoher Dichte (HDL2 und HDL3) per Ultrazentrifugation nachgewiesen werden. Im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollpersonen waren in diesen Fraktionen allerdings die Konzentrationen von Apolipoprotein AI und auch die berechnete Gesamtmasse der Fraktionen signifikant vermindert. Mit der elektrophoretischen Trennmethode wurde der prozentuale beta-Lipoproteinanteil im Serum signifikant höher berechnet als der Anteil der Lipoproteine mit geringer Dichte (LDL) nach Trennung durch Ultrazentrifugation, der alpha-Lipoproteinanteil wurde signifikant niedriger berechnet als der HDL-Anteil. Nach Ultrazentrifugation der Patientenseren wurden stark veränderte Zusammensetzungen der einzelnen Lipoproteinfraktionen beobachtet. Der Anteil des freien Cholesterins war bei diesen Patienten in allen vier Lipoproteinfraktionen signifikant erhöht. Extrem niedrige Cholesterinesteranteile fanden sich in LDL- und HDL-Fraktionen. Da in diesen Fraktionen andererseits die Triglycerid-Anteile erhöht waren, wiesen die Lipoproteinpartikel im Vergleich zum Normbereich veränderte Kernzusammensetzungen auf. Bei den Intensivpatienten war der Quotient Kernbestandteile/Oberflächenbestandteile insbesondere in den beiden HDL-Fraktionen signifikant erniedrigt, woraus sich auf verkleinerte Lipoproteinpartikel schließen läßt. Erniedrigte Serumkonzentrationen von Cholesterinestern und abnormale Lipoproteinzusammensetzungen korrelierten mit signifikant verminderter, teils ganz fehlender in vitro Cholesterinveresterung. Zugleich lag Apolipoprotein AI, welches als Cofaktor des Enzyms Lecithin-Cholesteryl-Acyl-Transferase (LCAT) fungiert, in den HDL-Fraktionen nur in sehr niedrigen Konzentrationen vor. Bei den Patienten, in deren Serum keine LCAT-Aktivität nachweisbar war, konnten dennoch Cholesterinester in allen Fraktionen gemessen werden. Eine stark erniedrigte oder fehlende LCAT-Aktivität gilt als prognostisch ungünstig, kann aber reversibel sein. Signifikant erniedrigt war der prozentuale Anteil des Linolats an den Esterfettsäuren im Serum, während der prozentuale Anteil des Oleats signifikant erhöht war. Dadurch erhöhte sich auch der Quotient Oleat/Linolat (18:1 / 18:2) in signifikanter Weise. Der signifikant erhöhte Serumacylquotient (18:1 + 18:2) / 16:0 weist darauf hin, daß die Konzentrationen der freien ungesättigten C 18–Fettsäuren im Vergleich zur Palmitinsäure erhöht waren. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Komplexität des Fettstoffwechsels insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Entgleisungen bei intensivpflegepflichtigen chirurgischen Patienten.
Der Stern der Erlösung
(2002)
'Der Stern der Erlösung' von Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929) ist eines der klassischen Werke der deutschen Philosophie des 20. Jahrhunderts. Das Werk ist nach klassischen Schema Gott - Welt - Mensch angelegt. Es ist nicht nur (aber auch) als jüdisch-religionsphilosophische Schrift anzusehen, sondern steht zwischen dem deutschen Neukantinaismus, der Lebens- und der Existenz(ial)philosophie. Die digitale Neuausgabe entspricht dem Text der Druckversionen, normalisiert aber zwecks besserer Recherche einige eigenwillige oder fehlerhafte Schreibweisen (Egypten, Kierkegard). Die Publikation enthält eine Einführung in das Werk von Bernhard Casper.
The STAR Collaboration reports the first observation of exclusive rho 0 photoproduction, AuAu-->AuAu rho 0, and rho 0 production accompanied by mutual nuclear Coulomb excitation, AuAu-->Au [star] Au [star] rho 0, in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions. The rho 0 have low transverse momenta, consistent with coherent coupling to both nuclei. The cross sections at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV agree with theoretical predictions treating rho 0 production and Coulomb excitation as independent processes.
Inclusive transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons within 0.2<pT<6.0 GeV/c have been measured over a broad range of centrality for Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV. Hadron yields are suppressed at high pT in central collisions relative to peripheral collisions and to a nucleon-nucleon reference scaled for collision geometry. Peripheral collisions are not suppressed relative to the nucleon-nucleon reference. The suppression varies continuously at intermediate centralities. The results indicate significant nuclear medium effects on high-pT hadron production in heavy-ion collisions at high energy.