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The first measurement of ϕ-meson production in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV has been performed with the ALICE apparatus at the LHC. The ϕ-mesons have been identified in the dimuon decay channel in the transverse momentum (pT) range 1<pT<7 GeV/c, both in the p-going (2.03<y<3.53) and the Pb-going (−4.46<y<−2.96) directions, where y stands for the rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass. Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity are presented. The forward-backward asymmetry for ϕ-meson production is measured for 2.96<|y|<3.53, resulting in a factor ∼0.5 with no significant pT dependence within the uncertainties. The pT dependence of the ϕ nuclear modification factor RpPb exhibits an enhancement up to a factor 1.6 at pT = 3-4 GeV/c in the Pb-going direction. The pT dependence of the ϕ-meson cross section in pp collisions at s√ = 2.76 TeV, which is used to determine a reference for the p-Pb results, is also presented here for 1<pT<5 GeV/c and 2.5<y<4.
The first study of ϕ-meson production in p-Pb collisions at forward and backward rapidity, at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy sNN−−−√=5.02~TeV, has been performed with the ALICE apparatus at the LHC. The ϕ-mesons have been identified in the dimuon decay channel in the transverse momentum (pT) range 1<pT<7 GeV/c, both in the p-going (2.03<y<3.53) and the Pb-going (−4.46<y<−2.96) directions, where y stands for the rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass, the integrated luminosity amounting to 5.01±0.19~nb−1 and 5.81±0.20~nb−1, respectively, for the two data samples. Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity are presented. The forward-backward ratio for ϕ-meson production is measured for 2.96<|y|<3.53, resulting in a ratio ∼0.5 with no significant pT dependence within the uncertainties. The pT dependence of the ϕ nuclear modification factor RpPb exhibits an enhancement up to a factor 1.6 at pT = 3-4 GeV/c in the Pb-going direction. The pT dependence of the ϕ-meson cross section in pp collisions at s√ = 2.76 TeV, which is used to determine a reference for the p-Pb results, is also presented here for 1<pT<5 GeV/c and 2.5<y<4 for a 78±3~nb−1 integrated luminosity sample.
The first study of ϕ-meson production in p-Pb collisions at forward and backward rapidity, at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy sNN−−−√=5.02~TeV, has been performed with the ALICE apparatus at the LHC. The ϕ-mesons have been identified in the dimuon decay channel in the transverse momentum (pT) range 1<pT<7 GeV/c, both in the p-going (2.03<y<3.53) and the Pb-going (−4.46<y<−2.96) directions, where y stands for the rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass, the integrated luminosity amounting to 5.01±0.19~nb−1 and 5.81±0.20~nb−1, respectively, for the two data samples. Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity are presented. The forward-backward ratio for ϕ-meson production is measured for 2.96<|y|<3.53, resulting in a ratio ∼0.5 with no significant pT dependence within the uncertainties. The pT dependence of the ϕ nuclear modification factor RpPb exhibits an enhancement up to a factor 1.6 at pT = 3-4 GeV/c in the Pb-going direction. The pT dependence of the ϕ-meson cross section in pp collisions at s√ = 2.76 TeV, which is used to determine a reference for the p-Pb results, is also presented here for 1<pT<5 GeV/c and 2.5<y<4 for a 78±3~nb−1 integrated luminosity sample.
Der Impurismus ist eine literarische Strömung, die durch Jahrtausende geht, ein geistreiches, planvolles Spiel zur Produktion von hermetischer Literatur über ein tabuisiertes Thema (Sex). Zu dieser "littérature impure" gehört ein Geheimnis aus dem Urwissen der ältesten Kulturen, aus einer Zeit, in der Philosophie, Theologie und Kosmologie noch eins waren. Das alte Wissen wurde in den Bereichen konserviert, die bis heute von der konventionellen Wissenschaft als "esoterisch" ausgegrenzt werden (Astrologie, Kabbala, Tarot). Viele Autoren aber verschlüsseln ihre Texte mit der alten Lehre und verstecken sie hinter einer religiösen, spielerisch-humoristischen oder sozialkritisch engagierten Maske. Deshalb bleiben viele Texte trotz Interpretation hermetisch, besonders solche in der "Weltsprache der modernen Poesie" (Enzensberger). Eine neue Methode der literarischen Analyse (mit 57 Varianten der planvollen Verfremdung von Wörtern) kann die impuristische Literatur dekodieren. Dazu gehört als Raumordnung das alte "Weltbild der Windmühle". Dieses Literaturspiel wird als sublime Kulturtätigkeit aufgedeckt. Die Einzelseiten dieser Homepage können nur einige Einblicke in schwierige Zusammenhänge geben, die im langsamen Vortrag des Buches leichter zu verstehen sind. Auf beiden Wegen muß man sich Zeit nehmen und am besten einen philosophischen Wissenshunger mitbringen.
Der Große Höckerflohkrebs Dikerogammarus villosus und die Körbchenmuschel Corbicula fluminea zeigen in den Bundeswasserstraßen Rhein, Main, Donau, Neckar und Mosel seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre invasorische Ausbreitungstendenzen. Beide Arten wurden nun auch im Bodensee nachgewiesen. Zwischen Juni und November 2004 wurde ihre Ausbreitung im Rahmen des vorliegenden Untersuchungsprogramms dokumentiert. Mit Hilfe eines dichten Probestellennetzes konnten die aktuellen Verbreitungsgrenzen der beiden Arten unterschiedlich genau abgegrenzt werden. Durch flächenbezogene Proben und Proben aus verschiedenen Wassertiefen wurden Informationen über ihre relative Besiedlungsdichte und Biomasse gewonnen. Die Proben von Uferabschnitten außerhalb der aktuellen Verbreitung der beiden Arten lieferten Referenzdaten zur Zusammensetzung der bisherigen Benthosbiozönose. Die Überprüfung (Screening) bisher noch nicht bearbeiteter Proben von Dauerbeobachtungsstellen des Limnologischen Instituts der Universität Konstanz erbrachte, dass Dikerogammarus villosus bereits im Oktober 2002 bei Immenstaad am nördlichen Bodenseeufer mit wenigen Exemplaren vorkam. Auf der Westseite des Überlingersees (Wallhausen) wurde Dikerogammarus in Uferproben seit August 2003 nachgewiesen; hier wurde er jedoch bereits seit Februar 2003 lokal beobachtet. Dikerogammarus breitete sich seither über den gesamten nordwestlichen Teil des Bodensees aus. Seine westliche Ausbreitungsgrenze lag im November 2004 im Konstanzer Trichter oberhalb des Seerheins. Seit Februar 2004 zeigte diese Krebspopulation eine Arealvergrösserung von rund 4 km Uferlänge. Seine nordöstliche Verbreitungsgrenze liegt bei Langenargen, möglicherweise handelt es sich hier um eine zweite Inizialpopulation. Dikerogammarus zeigte innerhalb seiner Verbreitungsgrenzen eine auffällige Habitatkonkurrenz gegenüber anderen Benthosorganismen, vor allem gegenüber der bisher im See dominierenden Flohkrebsart Gammarus roeseli. Die durchschnittlichen Besiedlungsdichten von Dikerogammarus liegen zwar bisher unter denen der zuvor an gleicher Stelle siedelnden G. roeseli; auf geeignetem Substrat zeigte jedoch auch Dikerogammarus Massenvorkommen mit über 2000 Individuen/m2. Corbicula fluminea besiedelte im September 2004 am vorarlbergischen Rohrspitz einen Flachwasserbereich von rund 5 km Länge. Die Art kommt im ganzen Bodensee bisher nur in diesem Bereich vor und zeigt dort ohne ihre mindestens ebenso häufigen Individuen 2mm zu berücksichtigen, maximale Besiedlungsdichten von rund 600 Individuen/m2. Eine im Rahmen des vorliegenden Programms konzipierte Datenbankstruktur dient künftig dazu, recherchierte, aktuelle und gesammelte Informationen zur Neozoenausbreitung - auch über regionale Grenzen hinweg - zentral zusammenzustellen und mit Hilfe eines geografischen Informationssystems darzustellen. Mit dem Untersuchungsprogramm sollte die Grundlage für Langzeitbeobachtungen invasorischer Neozoen im Bodensee und seinem Einzugsgebiet bereitstellt werden. Neben den Benthosuntersuchungen am Bodenseeufer wurde auch begonnen, weitere Informationen über Bodensee-Neozoen zusammen zu stellen. Ein Informationsaustausch erfolgt seither mit allen namhaften Forschungsinstitutionen und Gewässerschutzfachstellen am Bodensee und in seinem Einzugsgebiet.
Zwei neu entdeckte Vorkommen von Dryopteris x deweveri (Jansen) Jansen et Wächter, der Hybride zwischen D. carthusiana und D. dilatata, in Nordrhein-Westfalen werden beschrieben, bei denen es sich offensichtlich um Erstnachweise für dieses Bundesland handelt. Hybridenbildung ist dort begünstigt, wo individuenreiche Populationen beider Elternarten zusammen vorkommen. Durch kriechende und sich verzweigende Rhizome ist D. x deweveri in der Lage, sich vegetativ zu vermehren und größere Bestände zu bilden. Beide Vorkommen liegen in potentiellen Wuchsgebieten artenarmer Eichen-Birkenwälder, die in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß durch Nutzung als Kiefernforsten verändert wurden. Cytologische Untersuchungen der Chromosomen in der Meiose ergaben n = ca. 41 + 82 und bestätigen damit die vermutete Abstammung der Hybriden.
We compare multiplicities as well as rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of protons, pions and kaons calculated within presently available transport approaches for heavy ion collisions around 1 AGeV. For this purpose, three reactions have been selected: Au+Au at 1 and 1.48 AGeV and Ni+Ni at 1.93 AGeV.
The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p–Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
Both, gas and particle scavenging contribute to the transport of organic compounds by ice crystals in the troposphere. To simulate these processes an experimental setup was developed to form airborne ice crystals under atmospheric conditions. Experiments were performed in a wall independent reactor (WIR) installed in a walk-in cold chamber maintained constantly at -20°C. Aerosol particles were added to the carrier gas of ambient air by an aerosol generator to allow heterogeneous ice formation. Temperature variations and hydrodynamic conditions of the WIR were investigated to determine the conditions for ice crystal formation and crystal growth by vapour deposition. In detail, the dependence of temperature variations from flow rate and temperature of the physical wall as well as temperature variations with an increasing reactor depth were studied. The conditions to provide a stable aerosol concentration in the carrier gas flow were also studied. The temperature distribution inside the reactor was strongly dependent on flow rate and physical wall temperature. At an inlet temperature of -20°C, a flow rate of 30 L•min exp -1 and a physical wall temperature of +5°C turned out to provide ideal conditions for ice formation. At these conditions a sharp and stable laminar down draft "jet stream" of cold air in the centre of the reactor was produced. Temperatures measured at the chamber outlet were kept well below the freezing point in the whole reactor depth of 1.0 m. Thus, melting did not affect ice formation and crystal growth. The maximum residence time for airborne ice crystals was calculated to at 40 s. Ice crystal growth rates increased also with increasing reactor depth. The maximum ice crystal growth rate was calculated at 2.82 mg• exp -1. Further, the removal efficiency of the cleaning device for aerosol particles was 99.8% after 10 min. A reliable particle supply was attained after a preliminary lead time of 15 min. Thus, the minimum lead time was determined at 25 min. Several test runs revealed that the WIR is suitable to perform experiments with airborne ice crystals.
The aim of the present overview article is to raise awareness of an essential aspect that is usually not accounted for in the modelling of electron transport for focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) of nanostructures: Surface excitations are on the one hand responsible for a sizeable fraction of the intensity in reflection-electron-energy-loss spectra for primary electron energies of up to a few kiloelectronvolts and, on the other hand, they play a key role in the emission of secondary electrons from solids, regardless of the primary energy. In this overview work we present a general perspective of recent works on the subject of surface excitations and on low-energy electron transport, highlighting the most relevant aspects for the modelling of electron transport in FEBID simulations.
Objectives: The aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to investigate safety and efficacy of direct acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in the rare subgroup of patients with HCV/HIV-coinfection and advanced liver cirrhosis on the liver transplant waiting list or after liver transplantation, respectively.
Methods: When contacting 54 German liver centers (including all 23 German liver transplant centers), 12 HCV/HIV-coinfected patients on antiretroviral combination therapy were reported having received additional DAA therapy while being on the waiting list for liver transplantation (patient characteristics: Child-Pugh A (n = 6), B (n = 5), C (n = 1); MELD range 7–21; HCC (n = 2); HCV genotype 1a (n = 8), 1b (n = 2), 4 (n = 2)). Furthermore, 2 HCV/HIV-coinfected patients were denoted having received DAA therapy after liver transplantation (characteristics: HCV genotype 1a (n = 1), 4 (n = 1)).
Results: Applied DAA regimens were SOF/DAC (n = 7), SOF/LDV/RBV (n = 3), SOF/RBV (n = 3), PTV/r/OBV/DSV (n = 1), or PTV/r/OBV/DSV/RBV (n = 1), respectively. All patients achieved SVR 12, in the end. In one patient, HCV relapse occurred after 24 weeks of SOF/DAC therapy; subsequent treatment with 12 weeks PTV/r/OBV/DSV achieved SVR 12. One patient underwent liver transplantation while on DAA treatment. Analysis of liver function revealed either stable parameters or even significant improvement during DAA therapy and in follow-up. MELD scores were found to improve in 9/13 therapies in patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation; in only 2 patients a moderate increase of MELD scores persisted at the end of follow-up.
Conclusion: DAA treatment was safe and highly effective in this nation-wide cohort of patients with HCV/HIV-coinfection awaiting liver transplantation or being transplanted.
We present first data on sub-threshold production of Ks0 mesons and Λ hyperons in Au+Au collisions at sNN=2.4 GeV. We observe an universal 〈Apart〉 scaling of hadrons containing strangeness, independent of their corresponding production thresholds. Comparing the yields, their 〈Apart〉 scaling, and the shapes of the rapidity and the pt spectra to state-of-the-art transport model (UrQMD, HSD, IQMD) predictions, we find that none of them can simultaneously describe these observables with reasonable χ2 values.
Objective. A study supported by the EULAR and the ACR being conducted to establish classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) will include ultrasound examination of the shoulders and hips. Ultrasound (US) depicts glenohumeral joint effusion, biceps tenosynovitis, subdeltoid bursitis, hip joint synovitis, and trochanteric bursitis in PMR. These findings may aid in distinguishing PMR from other diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess standards and US interreader agreement of participants in the PMR classification criteria study. Methods. Sixteen physicians in four groups examined shoulders and hips of 4 patients and 4 healthy adults with ultrasound. Overall agreement and interobserver agreement were calculated. Results. The overall agreement (OA) between groups was 87%. The OA for healthy shoulders was 88.8%, for healthy hips 100%, for shoulders with pathology 85.2%, and 74.3% for hips with pathology, respectively. Conclusion. There was a high degree of agreement found for the examination of healthy shoulders and pathologic hips. Agreement was moderate for pathologic shoulders and perfect for healthy hips. US of shoulder and hips performed by different examiners is a reliable and feasible tool for assessment of PMR related disease pathology and can be incorporated into a classification criteria study.
Partial wave analysis of the reaction p(3.5 GeV) + p → pK +Λ to search for the "ppK−" bound state
(2015)
Employing the Bonn–Gatchina partial wave analysis framework (PWA), we have analyzed HADES data of the reaction p(3.5 GeV) + p → pK +Λ. This reaction might contain information about the kaonic cluster “ppK −” (with quantum numbers J P = 0− and total isospin I = 1/2) via its decay into pΛ. Due to interference effects in our coherent description of the data, a hypothetical KNN (or, specifically “ppK −”) cluster signal need not necessarily show up as a pronounced feature (e.g. a peak) in an invariant mass spectrum like pΛ. Our PWA analysis includes a variety of resonant and non-resonant intermediate states and delivers a good description of our data (various angular distributions and two-hadron invariant mass spectra) without a contribution of a KNN cluster. At a confidence level of CLs = 95% such a cluster cannot contribute more than 2–12% to the total cross section with a pK +Λ final state, which translates into a production cross-section between 0.7 μb and 4.2 μb, respectively. The range of the upper limit depends on the assumed cluster mass, width and production process.
Methodik
(2002)
Die vegetationskundliche und strukturelle Zuordnung der Lebensraumtypen erfolgt nach der vorrangig von Braun-Blanquet entwickelten Vegetationsklassifizierung, einer hierarchischen Gliederung der Vegetationstypen (Syntaxonomie), die die Ebenen der Assoziation, des Verbandes, der Ordnung und der Klasse umfasst. Hierbei ist die Assoziation die grundlegende Einheit, in der die Pflanzengesellschaften zusammengefasst werden, die sich durch gleiche charakteristische Arten(gruppen)kombinationen auszeichnen. Der Verband vereinigt ähnliche Assoziationen. Das sind bereits umfassendere, jedoch standörtlich noch recht einheitliche Vegetationseinheiten. In Ordnungen werden ähnliche Verbände zusammengefasst. Die Klasse vereinigt ähnliche Ordnungen.
Impurismus ist eine uralte Weltanschauung und eine alte Poetik. Beides habe ich in meinem Buch von 2007 Illustrierte Poetik des Impurismus ausführlich dargestellt. Da ich mich nicht wiederholen will, kann ich die umfangreichen Funde zum Thema hier nicht erneut vortragen. Andererseits soll der Leser dieser Fortsetzung nicht ganz unvorbereitet in die Materie einsteigen. Deshalb will ich einige nackte Fakten als Erinnerung hier zusammenstellen, muß aber doch dringend auf die anschaulichen Grundlagen in dem genannten Buch verweisen, sonst verschreckt die in aller Kürze vorgetragene Ungeheuerlichkeit der ganzen Entdeckung manchen willigen Leser. ...
n this paper we report on the investigation of baryonic resonance production in proton-proton collisions at the kinetic energies of 1.25 GeV and 3.5 GeV, based on data measured with HADES. Exclusive channels npπ+ and ppπ0 as well as ppe+e− were studied simultaneously in the framework of a one-boson exchange model. The resonance cross sections were determined from the one-pion channels for Δ(1232) and N(1440) (1.25 GeV) as well as further Δ and N* resonances up to 2 GeV/c2 for the 3.5 GeV data. The data at 1.25 GeV energy were also analysed within the framework of the partial wave analysis together with the set of several other measurements at lower energies. The obtained solutions provided the evolution of resonance production with the beam energy, showing a sizeable non-resonant contribution but with still dominating contribution of Δ(1232)P33. In the case of 3.5 GeV data, the study of the ppe+e− channel gave the insight on the Dalitz decays of the baryon resonances and, in particular, on the electromagnetic transition form-factors in the time-like region. We show that the assumption of a constant electromagnetic transition form-factors leads to underestimation of the yield in the dielectron invariant mass spectrum below the vector mesons pole. On the other hand, a comparison with various transport models shows the important role of intermediate ρ production, though with a large model dependency. The exclusive channels analysis done by the HADES collaboration provides new stringent restrictions on the parameterizations used in the models.