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Progranulin deficiency in humans is associated with neurodegeneration. Its mechanisms are not yet fully understood. We performed a Yeast-2-Hybrid screen using human full-length progranulin as bait to assess the interactions of progranulin. Progranulin was screened against human fetal brain and human bone marrow libraries using the standard Matchmaker technology (Clontech). This article contains the full Y2H data table, including blast results and sequences, a sorted table according to selection criteria for likely positive, putatively positive, likely false and false preys, and tables showing the gene ontology terms associated with the likely and putative preys of the brain and bone marrow libraries. The interactions with autophagy proteins were confirmed and functionally analyzed in "Progranulin overexpression in sensory neurons attenuates neuropathic pain in mice: Role of autophagy" (C. Altmann, S. Hardt, C. Fischer, J. Heidler, H.Y. Lim, A. Haussler, B. Albuquerque, B. Zimmer, C. Moser, C. Behrends, F. Koentgen, I. Wittig, M.H. Schmidt, A.M. Clement, T. Deller, I. Tegeder, 2016).
Human GLUTs represent a family of specialized transporters that facilitate the diffusion of hexoses through membranes along a concentration gradient. The 14 isoforms share high sequence identity but differ in substrate specificity and affinity, and tissue distribution. According to their structure similarity, GLUTs are divided into three classes, with class 1 comprising the most intensively studied isoforms GLUTs1 4. An abnormal function of different GLUT members has been related to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Hence, GLUTs are the subject of intensive research, and efforts concentrate on identifying GLUT-selective ligands for putative medical purposes and their application in studies aiming to further unravel the metabolic roles of these transporters.
The hexose transporter deficient (hxt0) yeast strain EBY.VW4000 is devoid of all its endogenous hexose transporters and unable to grow on glucose or related hexoses. This strain has proven to be a valuable platform to investigate heterologous transporters due to its easy handling, increased robustness, and versatile applications. However, the functional expression of GLUTs in yeast requires certain modifications. Single point mutations of GLUT1 and GLUT5 led to their functional expression in EBY.VW4000, whereas the native GLUT1 was actively expressed in EBY.S7, a hxt0 strain carrying the fgy1 mutation that putatively reduces the phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) content in the plasma membrane. GLUT4 was only actively expressed in the hxt0 strain SDY.022, which also contains the fgy1 mutation and in which ERG4 is additionally deleted. Erg4 is one of the late enzymes in the ergosterol pathway, and therefore SDY.022 probably has an altered sterol composition in its membrane.
The goal of this thesis was to actively express GLUT2 and GLUT3 in a hxt0 yeast strain, providing a convenient system for their ligand screening. A PCR-derived amino acid exchange in the sequence of GLUT3 enabled its functional expression in EBY.VW4000 and the unmodified GLUT3 protein was active in EBY.S7. Functional expression of GLUT2 was achieved by rational design. The extracellular loop between the transmembrane regions 1 and 2 is significantly larger in GLUT2 than in other class 1 GLUTs. By truncating this loop by 34 amino acids and exchanging an alanine for a serine, a GLUT3-like loop was implemented. The resulting construct GLUT2∆loopS was functional in EBY.S7. With an additional point mutation in the transmembrane region 11, GLUT2∆loopS_Q455R was also actively expressed in EBY.VW4000. Inhibition studies with the known GLUT inhibitors phloretin and quercetin showed a reduced transporter activity for GLUT2 and GLUT3 in uptake assays and growth tests when inhibitors were present, demonstrating that both systems are amenable for ligand screening experiments.
The newly established GLUT2 yeast system was then used to screen a library of compounds pre-selected by in silico screening. Thereby, eleven identified GLUT2 inhibitors exhibited strong potencies with IC50 values ranging from 0.61 to 19.3 µM. By employing the other yeast systems, these compounds were tested for their effects on GLUT1, and GLUTs3-5, revealing that nine of the identified ligands were GLUT2-selective. In contrast, one was a pan-class 1 inhibitor (inhibiting GLUTs1-4), and one affected GLUT2 and GLUT5, the two fructose transporting isoforms. These compounds will serve as useful tools for investigations on the role of GLUT2 in metabolic diseases and might even evolve into pharmaceutical agents targeting GLUT2-associated diseases.
Due to the beneficial effect of the putatively changed sterol composition in SDY.022 (by ERG4 deletion) on the functional expression of GLUT4, it was hypothesized that the presence of the human sterol cholesterol, or cholesterol-like sterols, might have a beneficial effect on GLUT expression, too. Thus, it was attempted to generate hxt0 strains that synthesize these sterols by genetic modifications targeting the ergosterol pathway. In the scope of these experiments, several strains with different sterol compositions were generated. Drop tests on glucose medium with the different strains expressing GLUT1 or GLUT4 revealed that the deletion of ERG6 is clearly advantageous for a functional expression of GLUT1 (but not GLUT4). This indicates that the methyl group at the ergosterol side chain (introduced by Erg6 and reduced by Erg4) negatively influences GLUT1 activity. However, this effect on GLUT1 activity was less pronounced than the putative altered PI4P content in EBY.S7.
Additionally, in this thesis, a new tool to measure glucose transport rates of transporters expressed in the hxt0 yeast system was developed to facilitate their kinetic characterization. For this, the pH-sensitive GFP variant pHluorin was employed as a biosensor for the cytosolic pH (pHcyt) by measuring the ratio (R390/470) of emission intensities at 512 nm from two different excitation wavelengths (390 and 470 nm). Sugar-starved cells exhibit a slightly acidic pHcyt because ATP production is depleted, reducing the activity of ATP-dependent proton pumps.
...
Background: A number of scientific papers on yellow fever have been published but no broad scientometric analysis on the published research of yellow fever has been reported. The aim of the article based study was to provide an in-depth evaluation of the yellow fever field using large-scale data analysis and employment of bibliometric indicators of production and quantity.
Methods: Data were retrieved from the Web of Science database (WoS) and analyzed as part of the NewQis platform. Then data were extracted from each file, transferred to databases and visualized as diagrams. Partially by means of density-equalizing mapping makes the findings clear and emphasizes the output of the analysis.
Results: In the study period from 1900 to 2012 a total of 5,053 yellow fever-associated items were published by 79 countries. The United States (USA) having the highest publication rate at 42% (n = 751) followed by far from Brazil (n = 203), France (n = 149) and the United Kingdom (n = 113). The most productive journals are the "Public Health Reports", the "American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene" and the "Journal of Virology". The gender analysis showed an overall steady increase of female authorship from 1950 to 2011. Brazil is the only country of the five most productive countries with a higher proportion of female scientists.
Conclusions: The present data shows an increase in research productivity over the entire study period, in particular an increase of female scientists. Brazil shows a majority of female authors, a fact that is confirmed by other studies.
Yellow fever virus (YFV) represents a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen, transmitted by mosquito vectors to humans from primate reservoirs. Sporadic outbreaks of YFV occur in endemic tropical regions, causing a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) associated with high mortality rates. Despite a highly effective vaccine, no antiviral treatments currently exist. Therefore, YFV represents a neglected tropical disease and is chronically understudied, with many aspects of YFV biology incompletely defined including host range, host–virus interactions and correlates of host immunity and pathogenicity. In this article, we review the current state of YFV research, focusing on the viral lifecycle, host responses to infection, species tropism and the success and associated limitations of the YFV-17D vaccine. In addition, we highlight the current lack of available treatments and use publicly available sequence and structural data to assess global patterns of YFV sequence diversity and identify potential drug targets. Finally, we discuss how technological advances, including real-time epidemiological monitoring of outbreaks using next-generation sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 modification of vector species, could be utilized in future battles against this re-emerging pathogen which continues to cause devastating disease.
Survivin is a drug target and its suppressant YM155 a drug candidate mainly investigated for high-risk neuroblastoma. Findings from one YM155-adapted subline of the neuroblastoma cell line UKF-NB-3 had suggested that increased ABCB1 (mediates YM155 efflux) levels, decreased SLC35F2 (mediates YM155 uptake) levels, decreased survivin levels, and TP53 mutations indicate YM155 resistance. Here, the investigation of 10 additional YM155-adapted UKF-NB-3 sublines only confirmed the roles of ABCB1 and SLC35F2. However, cellular ABCB1 and SLC35F2 levels did not indicate YM155 sensitivity in YM155-naïve cells, as indicated by drug response data derived from the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP) and the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) databases. Moreover, the resistant sublines were characterized by a remarkable heterogeneity. Only seven sublines developed on-target resistance as indicated by resistance to RNAi-mediated survivin depletion. The sublines also varied in their response to other anti-cancer drugs. In conclusion, cancer cell populations of limited intrinsic heterogeneity can develop various resistance phenotypes in response to treatment. Therefore, individualized therapies will require monitoring of cancer cell evolution in response to treatment. Moreover, biomarkers can indicate resistance formation in the acquired resistance setting, even when they are not predictive in the intrinsic resistance setting.
You are what you eat!
(2019)
Nowadays almost everyone is aware of the link between high blood cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease. There are effective treatments that target blood cholesterol. his overview highlights some well known and some new mediators implicated in cardiovascular disease with the common theme that all of them can be influenced by the diet.
You reap what you sow! differences in knowledge exchange effectiveness between communication types
(2014)
FOR KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FINANCE INDUSTRY, AN EFFECTIVE KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE AMONG EMPLOYEES IS CRUCIAL FOR THE COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE. THEREFORE, COMPANIES INCREASINGLY RELY ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS TO FACILITATE COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION. TO ENHANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION IN ENTERPRISE SOCIAL MEDIA, WE APPLY HUMAN CODING AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS TO THE CONTENT AND TONE OF 15,505 ENTERPRISE MICROBLOGGING MESSAGES CREATED BY 1,166 EMPLOYEES OF AN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDER. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT A MORE FACTUAL-ORIENTED COMMUNICATION TYPE BENEFITS FROM A HIGHER KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE EFFECTIVENESS COMPARED TO A PRIMARILY SELF-DISCLOSING COMMUNICATION TYPE.
"… non do una traduzione" (Dieter Nörr). Das ist gut so. Denn das unverständliche punische Geplapper des Hanno: "ythemanethihychirsaelychotsithinaso" im "Poenulus" des Komödiendichters Plautus ist Teil der Komödie. Das zweite Buchstabenungetüm "uocationitantestaminigitur" können Kenner (so auch Gianfranco Lotito) hingegen schnell sezieren und ergänzen: (si in ius) vocat, ito. ni it, antestamino. igitur (em capito): "Wenn er vor Gericht lädt, soll er gehen.Wenn er nicht geht: vorher Zeugen rufen. Sodann ergreifen" – oder so ähnlich. Jedenfalls Tafel I 1 des Zwölftafelgesetzes aus dem 5. Jh. v. Chr., restituiert aus Porphyrios (3. Jh. n.Chr.). ...
Z-boson production in p-Pb collisions at √sNN = 8.16 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV
(2020)
Measurement of Z-boson production in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 8.16 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV is reported. It is performed in the dimuon decay channel, through the detection of muons with pseudorapidity −4 < ημ < −2.5 and transverse momentum pμT > 20 GeV/c in the laboratory frame. The invariant yield and nuclear modification factor are measured for opposite-sign dimuons with invariant mass 60 < mμμ < 120 GeV/c2 and rapidity 2.5 < yμμcms < 4. They are presented as a function of rapidity and, for the Pb-Pb collisions, of centrality as well. The results are compared with theoretical calculations, both with and without nuclear modifications to the Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs). In p-Pb collisions the center-of-mass frame is boosted with respect to the laboratory frame, and the measurements cover the backward (−4.46 < yμμcms < −2.96) and forward (2.03 < yμμcms < 3.53) rapidity regions. For the p-Pb collisions, the results are consistent within experimental and theoretical uncertainties with calculations that include both free-nucleon and nuclear-modified PDFs. For the Pb-Pb collisions, a 3.4σ deviation is seen in the integrated yield between the data and calculations based on the free-nucleon PDFs, while good agreement is found once nuclear modifications are considered.
Z-boson production in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 8.16 TeV and Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV
(2021)
Measurement of Z-boson production in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=8.16 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV is reported. It is performed in the dimuon decay channel, through the detection of muons with pseudorapidity −4<ημ<−2.5 and transverse momentum pμT>20 GeV/c in the laboratory frame. The invariant yield and nuclear modification factor are measured for opposite-sign dimuons with invariant mass 60<mμμ<120 GeVc2 and rapidity 2.5<yμμcms<4. They are presented as a function of rapidity and, for the Pb-Pb collisions, of centrality as well. The results are compared with theoretical calculations, both with and without nuclear modifications to the Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs). In p-Pb collisions the center-of-mass frame is boosted with respect to the laboratory frame, and the measurements cover the backward (−4.46<yμμcms<−2.96) and forward (2.03<yμμcms<3.53) rapidity regions. For the p-Pb collisions, the results are consistent within experimental and theoretical uncertainties with calculations that include both free-nucleon and nuclear-modified PDFs. For the Pb-Pb collisions, a 3.4σ deviation is seen in the integrated yield between the data and calculations based on the free-nucleon PDFs, while good agreement is found once nuclear modifications are considered.
Z-boson production in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 8.16 TeV and Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV
(2020)
Measurement of Z-boson production in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=8.16 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV is reported. It is performed in the dimuon decay channel, through the detection of muons with pseudorapidity −4<ημ<−2.5 and transverse momentum pμT>20 GeV/c in the laboratory frame. The invariant yield and nuclear modification factor are measured for opposite-sign dimuons with invariant mass 60<mμμ<120 GeVc2 and rapidity 2.5<yμμcms<4. They are presented as a function of rapidity and, for the Pb-Pb collisions, of centrality as well. The results are compared with theoretical calculations, both with and without nuclear modifications to the Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs). In p-Pb collisions the center-of-mass frame is boosted with respect to the laboratory frame, and the measurements cover the backward (−4.46<yμμcms<−2.96) and forward (2.03<yμμcms<3.53) rapidity regions. For the p-Pb collisions, the results are consistent within experimental and theoretical uncertainties with calculations that include both free-nucleon and nuclear-modified PDFs. For the Pb-Pb collisions, a 3.4σ deviation is seen in the integrated yield between the data and calculations based on the free-nucleon PDFs, while good agreement is found once nuclear modifications are considered.
Mutations in the Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene are the driving force in many forms of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and promote hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent tumor proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. Despite the progress that has already been made, ccRCC generally remain resistant to conventional therapies and ccRCC patients suffer from metastasis and acquired resistance, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic options. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) antagonists, like zafirlukast, are administered in bronchial asthma to control eicosanoid signaling. Intriguingly, long-term use of zafirlukast decreases cancer risk and leukotriene receptor antagonists inhibit tumor growth, but the mechanisms still remain unexplored. Therefore, we aim to understand the mechanisms of zafirlukast-mediated cell death in ccRCC cells. We show that zafirlukast induces VHL-dependent and TNFα-independent non-apoptotic and non-necroptotic cell death in ccRCC cells. Cell death triggered by zafirlukast could be rescued with antioxidants and the PARP-1 inhibitor Olaparib, and additionally relies on HIF-2α. Finally, MG-132-mediated proteasome inhibition sensitized VHL wild-type cells to zafirlukast-induced cell death and inhibition of HIF-2α rescued zafirlukast- and MG-132-triggered cell death. Together, these results highlight the importance of VHL, HIF and proteasomal degradation in zafirlukast-induced oxidative cell death with potentially novel therapeutic implications for ccRCC.
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 antagonists (CysLT1RA) are frequently used as add-on medication for the treatment of asthma. Recently, these compounds have shown protective effects in cardiovascular diseases. This prompted us to investigate their influence on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) activities, two targets known to play an important role in CVD and the metabolic syndrome. Montelukast, pranlukast and zafirlukast inhibited human sEH with IC50 values of 1.9, 14.1, and 0.8 μM, respectively. In contrast, only montelukast and zafirlukast activated PPARγ in the reporter gene assay with EC50 values of 1.17 μM (21.9% max. activation) and 2.49 μM (148% max. activation), respectively. PPARα and δ were not affected by any of the compounds. The activation of PPARγ was further investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Analysis of lipid accumulation, mRNA and protein expression of target genes as well as PPARγ phosphorylation revealed that montelukast was not able to induce adipocyte differentiation. In contrast, zafirlukast triggered moderate lipid accumulation compared to rosiglitazone and upregulated PPARγ target genes. In addition, we found that montelukast and zafirlukast display antagonistic activities concerning recruitment of the PPARγ cofactor CBP upon ligand binding suggesting that both compounds act as PPARγ modulators. In addition, zafirlukast impaired the TNFα triggered phosphorylation of PPARγ2 on serine 273. Thus, zafirlukast is a novel dual sEH/PPARγ modulator representing an excellent starting point for the further development of this compound class.
Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive type of brain tumor in adults. In contrast to epithelial cancers, glioblastomas do not metastasize. While the major treatment challenge in epithelial cancers is not the primary tumor but metastasis, glioblastoma patients die of the primary tumor.
However, there is a common theme which underlies the malignant properties of progressed epithelial cancers and glioblastoma: invasion from the primary tumor into the surrounding tissue. In the case of epithelial cancers this is the first and necessary step to metastasis, whereas invasion leads inevitably to tumor recurrence after resection in the case of glioblastoma, causing it to be incurable.
A cellular program which has been described in detail to promote the invasive phenotype in epithelial tumors, is the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). Differentiated neural cells are not epithelial, thus, strictly speaking, EMT does not occur in glioblastoma. However, the traits acquired in the process of EMT, especially invasiveness and stemness, are highly relevant to glioblastoma. One of the key transcription factors known to induce EMT in epithelial cancers is ZEB1, which has been described only marginally in the central nervous system so far. Here, I investigate the expression and function of ZEB1 in glioblastoma and during human fetal neural development.
ZEB1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in all histological types of glioma, including glioblastoma, when compared to normal brain. There was no correlation between ZEB1 mRNA levels and tumor grade. Immunohistochemical staining of glioma samples demonstrated that ZEB1 was highly expressed in the great majority of tumor cells. In the developing human brain, intense staining for ZEB1 could be observed in the ventricular and subventricular zone, where stem- and progenitor cells reside. ZEB1 positive cells included cells stained with stem- and progenitor markers like PAX6, GFAP and Nestin. In contrast, ZEB1 was never found in early neuronal cells as identified by TUBB3 staining.
To gain insight into ZEB1 function I generated a human fetal neural stem cell line and a glioblastoma cell line with ZEB1 knockdown, which were compared with their respective control cell lines. First, I found that ZEB1 does not regulate the micro RNA 200 family in either cell line, which has been described as an essential ZEB1 target in epithelial cancers. Second, regulated target genes were identified with a genome wide microarray. The third approach was to directly identify genomic binding sites of ZEB1 by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). All three approaches showed that the ZEB1 transcriptional program is surprisingly similar in the neural stem cell line and the glioblastoma cell line. In contrast, it bears only little resemblance to the program described in epithelial cancers.
The most interesting, previously unrecognized ZEB1 target gene identified in this study is integrin b1. It was regulated after ZEB1 knockdown detected by microarray analysis, and has a ZEB1 binding site in its promoter region detected by ChIP-seq. Finally, I addressed the question whether ZEB1 influences tumor growth and invasiveness in a glioblastoma model. After intracranial xenotransplantation in mice, ZEB1 knockdown glioblastoma cells formed significantly smaller and less invasive tumors than control glioblastoma cells.
This study demonstrates that ZEB1 is widely expressed in glioma and relevant for glioblastoma growth and invasion. In contrast to what is known about ZEB1 function in epithelial cancers, ZEB1 is not associated with glioma progression, but instead seems to be an early and necessary event in tumorigenesis. Also with regard to ZEB1 target genes, ZEB1 functions differently in glioblastoma than in epithelial cancers. The two most important ZEB1 targets in epithelial cancers are E-cadherin and the miR-200 family members. Both are not relevant to ZEB1 function in glioblastoma. Interestingly, while the ZEB1 transcriptional program is different from the one described in epithelial cancers, it is highly similar in glioblastoma cells and fetal neural stem cells. This suggests that an embryonic pathway restricted to stem- and progenitor cells during development is reactivated in glioblastoma.
Previously known ZEB1 target genes were tissue specific and therefore seemed unlikely to mediate ZEB1 function in the central nervous system. However, the newly identified ZEB1 target gene integrin b1 is well known to play pivotal roles in both glioblastoma tumorigenesis and invasion as well as in neural stem cells. Additionally, integrin b1 is widely expressed and seems a likely ZEB1 target in other organs than the brain.
Taken together, I demonstrate that ZEB1 is a new regulator of glioblastoma growth and invasion. The transcriptional program of ZEB1 differs from the one in epithelial cancers but is strikingly similar to the one in neural stem cells. The newly identified ZEB1 target gene integrin b1 is likely to mediate crucial ZEB1 functios. Thus, this study identifies ZEB1 as a yet unrecognized player in glioblastoma and neural development. Furthermore, it sets the stage for more research which will help to deepen our understanding of ZEB1 function in the central nervous system and beyond.
Zebrafish
(2019)
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a ligand that activates, through co-receptor GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRα1) and receptor tyrosine kinase “RET”, several signaling pathways crucial in the development and sustainment of multiple neuronal populations. We decided to study whether non-mammalian orthologs of these three proteins have conserved their function: can they activate the human counterparts? Using the baculovirus expression system, we expressed and purified Danio rerio RET, and its binding partners GFRα1 and GDNF, and Drosophila melanogaster RET and two isoforms of co-receptor GDNF receptor-like. Our results report high-level insect cell expression of post-translationally modified and dimerized zebrafish RET and its binding partners. We also found that zebrafish GFRα1 and GDNF are comparably active as mammalian cell-produced ones. We also report the first measurements of the affinity of the complex to RET in solution: at least for zebrafish, the Kd for GFRα1-GDNF binding RET is 5.9 μM. Surprisingly, we also found that zebrafish GDNF as well as zebrafish GFRα1 robustly activated human RET signaling and promoted the survival of cultured mouse dopaminergic neurons with comparable efficiency to mammalian GDNF, unlike E. coli-produced human proteins. These results contradict previous studies suggesting that mammalian GFRα1 and GDNF cannot bind and activate non-mammalian RET and vice versa.
Die Winkelabhängigkeit des ZEEMAN-Effektes der Kernquadrupolresonanzen (35Cl) eines Einkristalls von ortho-Dichlorbenzol wurde bei — 35°C vermessen. Das Kristallsystem ist monoklin. Die z-Achsen der Feldgradiententensoren im Molekül bilden einen Winkel von (64,7 ±0,5)°. Der Asymmetrieparameter des Feldgradienten hat einen Wert von 0,100 ± 0,01. Die Winkelmeßeinrichtung wird beschrieben.
Zehn Jahre Mitmenschlichkeit
(2024)
Künstliche Intelligenz mit Vorurteilen oder falsch zugeordnete Gräber von Wikingerinnen – Geschlecht und Vielfalt können ganz unterschiedliche und mitunter unerwartete Bedeutung für die Forschung entfalten. Um dem gerecht zu werden, will die Goethe-Universität die Reflexion von Geschlecht und Vielfalt noch stärker als bisher in ihren Forschungsaktivitäten verankern. Dafür wurde ein Zehn-Punkte-Papier erarbeitet, das universitätsintern mit externen Fachleuten diskutiert wurde.