Universitätspublikationen
Refine
Year of publication
- 2020 (2525) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1462)
- Doctoral Thesis (233)
- Part of Periodical (215)
- Preprint (173)
- Contribution to a Periodical (140)
- Working Paper (115)
- Book (88)
- Review (58)
- Bachelor Thesis (11)
- Master's Thesis (11)
Language
- English (1726)
- German (767)
- Portuguese (11)
- French (6)
- Spanish (4)
- Italian (3)
- Multiple languages (3)
- slo (3)
- Turkish (2)
Keywords
- Capital Markets Union (25)
- Financial Markets (25)
- Coronavirus (24)
- ECB (24)
- COVID-19 (23)
- inflammation (18)
- SARS-CoV-2 (15)
- coronavirus (15)
- Financial Institutions (13)
- Banking Regulation (12)
- Banking Union (10)
- Comments disabled (10)
- ESMA (10)
- Macro Finance (10)
- Banking Supervision (9)
- Zeitgenössische Kunst (9)
- quality of life (9)
- Ausstellung (8)
- Digitalisierung (8)
- EBA (8)
- Household Finance (8)
- Monetary Policy (8)
- Quality of life (8)
- cancer (8)
- Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) (7)
- Inklusion (7)
- biomarker (7)
- climate change (7)
- macrophage (7)
- obesity (7)
- populism (7)
- ADHD (6)
- Adorno (6)
- Consumers (6)
- EEG (6)
- Fiscal Policy (6)
- Frankfurt am Main (6)
- Inflation (6)
- Low Interest Rates (6)
- Machine learning (6)
- depression (6)
- Covid-19 (5)
- Critical Theory (5)
- European Union (5)
- Financial Stability (5)
- Frankfurt School (5)
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt (5)
- Inclusion (5)
- MRI (5)
- NMR spectroscopy (5)
- Professionalisierung (5)
- Systemic Risk (5)
- autophagy (5)
- cognition (5)
- immunotherapy (5)
- migration (5)
- pain (5)
- polytrauma (5)
- stress (5)
- stroke (5)
- ACLF (4)
- Children (4)
- Clearing (4)
- Datenschutz (4)
- Depression (4)
- Epilepsy (4)
- Europe (4)
- Federal Reserve (4)
- Fotografie (4)
- Germany (4)
- Heavy Ion Experiments (4)
- Hochschuldidaktik (4)
- Household Crisis Barometer (4)
- Household income (4)
- Inflammation (4)
- Investments (4)
- Moderne Kunst (4)
- NMR (4)
- Phylogeny (4)
- Private Investment (4)
- Professionalization (4)
- RNA (4)
- Rare diseases (4)
- Solution NMR-spectroscopy (4)
- Stroke (4)
- Sustainable Finance (4)
- TAVI (4)
- Treatment (4)
- aortic stenosis (4)
- bipolar disorder (4)
- bladder cancer (4)
- breast cancer (4)
- crystal structure (4)
- cytokines (4)
- democracy (4)
- drug resistance (4)
- exercise (4)
- iron (4)
- miRNA (4)
- microbiome (4)
- portal hypertension (4)
- schizophrenia (4)
- tumor microenvironment (4)
- 3D printing (3)
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm (3)
- Aging (3)
- Algorithmic Discrimination (3)
- Angewandte Kunst (3)
- Aortic stenosis (3)
- Artificial Intelligence (3)
- Ausnahmezustand (3)
- Berlin (3)
- Biomarkers (3)
- Bitcoin (3)
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (3)
- Cirrhosis (3)
- Corona Bonds (3)
- Covid19-NMR (3)
- Cryoelectron microscopy (3)
- DNA methylation (3)
- DNA-PAINT (3)
- Diagnostics (3)
- Diagnostik (3)
- EZB (3)
- Education (3)
- Embryos (3)
- Endovascular repair (3)
- Epidemiology (3)
- Freshwater (3)
- Geldpolitik (3)
- Gesundheitsökonomie (3)
- HIV (3)
- Health economics (3)
- Heart failure (3)
- Heavy-ion collision (3)
- Household finance (3)
- Human behaviour (3)
- Hypoxia (3)
- Infections (3)
- Innovation (3)
- Installation (3)
- Internet (3)
- Investor Protection (3)
- Klangkunst (3)
- Macrophages (3)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (3)
- Malerei (3)
- Mittelalter (3)
- Mortality (3)
- NASH (3)
- Non-structural protein (3)
- Offene Versorgung (3)
- Open repair (3)
- Oxidoreductases (3)
- PBPK (3)
- Pandemic (3)
- Peri-implantitis (3)
- Postural control (3)
- Preventive medicine (3)
- Quantitative Easing (3)
- Register (3)
- Registries (3)
- Registry (3)
- Religion (3)
- Strength training (3)
- Städel Museum Frankfurt (3)
- Teacher Training (3)
- Verhältnismäßigkeit (3)
- Wissenschaft (3)
- acute-on-chronic liver failure (3)
- adequate translations (3)
- apoptosis (3)
- attention (3)
- banks (3)
- child (3)
- chimeric antigen receptor (3)
- complications (3)
- concurrency (3)
- confirmatory factor analysis (3)
- crude oil (3)
- cytotoxicity (3)
- development (3)
- epilepsy (3)
- evolution (3)
- eye-tracking (3)
- financial stability (3)
- flow cytometry (3)
- fluorescence (3)
- functional programming (3)
- glioblastoma (3)
- glioma (3)
- heat stress (3)
- hippocampus (3)
- inflation (3)
- integrins (3)
- machine learning (3)
- macrophages (3)
- mesenchymal stromal cells (3)
- microRNA (3)
- monetary policy (3)
- neuroblastoma (3)
- neurodegeneration (3)
- oil price (3)
- outcome (3)
- ovarian cancer (3)
- photochemistry (3)
- physical activity (3)
- pi-calculus (3)
- precision medicine (3)
- prevalence (3)
- prevention (3)
- proliferation (3)
- prostate cancer (3)
- proteostasis (3)
- psoriasis (3)
- reactive oxygen species (3)
- sulforaphane (3)
- toxicity (3)
- transcriptome (3)
- validity (3)
- working memory (3)
- 3D rapid prototyping (2)
- ABC transporters (2)
- ALICE (2)
- AML (2)
- ATP (2)
- ATR-FTIR (2)
- Abdominelles Aortenaneurysma (2)
- Adolescents (2)
- Agroecology (2)
- Algorithmic Feedback Loops (2)
- Alzheimer’s disease (2)
- Annuity (2)
- Anthropocene (2)
- Architektur (2)
- Artificial intelligence (2)
- Ascites (2)
- Ataxia telangiectasia (2)
- Atmosphere (2)
- Autism spectrum disorder (2)
- Autoritarismus (2)
- BMI (2)
- Bacterial physiology (2)
- Bacterial structural biology (2)
- Bank Lending (2)
- Bayesian Analysis (2)
- Benin (2)
- Bibliometrics (2)
- Bildung (2)
- Biochemistry (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biogeography (2)
- Bladder cancer (2)
- Borrelia (2)
- Brandenburger Tor <Berlin, Motiv> (2)
- Business Cycle (2)
- Bénin (2)
- CD19 (2)
- CD44 (2)
- CNN (2)
- Cancer (2)
- Cardiology (2)
- Carl Schmitt (2)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (2)
- Chemistry (2)
- Child abuse (2)
- China (2)
- Clinical decision support systems (2)
- Cognitive archeology (2)
- Cognitive evolution (2)
- Cohort studies (2)
- Collateral Policy (2)
- Computer-assisted diagnosis (2)
- Conservation (2)
- Corporate Bonds (2)
- Corporate Debt Structure (2)
- Corporate Finance (2)
- Critical care (2)
- DDR (2)
- DNA (2)
- DSGE Estimation (2)
- DTI (2)
- Database searching (2)
- Dementia (2)
- Derivatives (2)
- Diffraction (2)
- Digital Humanities (2)
- Digital currency (2)
- Digitalization (2)
- Digitization (2)
- Disclosure (2)
- Downy mildew (2)
- Druckgrafik (2)
- EDIS (2)
- EGFR (2)
- EU (2)
- Ecological modelling (2)
- Ecology (2)
- Educação (2)
- Eligibility premium (2)
- Emergency room (2)
- Endoscopy (2)
- Endovaskuläre Behandlung (2)
- Entrepreneurship (2)
- Erweiterter Suizid (2)
- Escola de Frankfurt (2)
- Euro (2)
- European Portuguese (2)
- Expertise (2)
- Extended suicide (2)
- Extremismus (2)
- Feldforschung (2)
- Feminismus (2)
- FinTech (2)
- Financial stability (2)
- Fintech (2)
- Framing (2)
- G-protein-coupled receptors (2)
- Gemeinschaftliche Selbsttötung (2)
- Gender (2)
- Gene expression (2)
- Gene regulation (2)
- General practice (2)
- Genetics (2)
- Geschichte / Schulbuch (2)
- Glioma (2)
- Gymnasiale Oberstufe (2)
- HIV-1 (2)
- Haloferax volcanii (2)
- Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (2)
- Health care (2)
- Healthy adults (2)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (2)
- Histology (2)
- Horkheimer (2)
- IDH mutation (2)
- IL-10 (2)
- INS (2)
- Identification (2)
- Identität (2)
- Immunohistochemistry (2)
- Immunological methods (2)
- Immunologische Methoden (2)
- Immunology (2)
- In vitro (2)
- Inflationsmessung (2)
- Infrastructure (2)
- Integration (2)
- Interest Rates (2)
- International Economics (2)
- Interview (2)
- Invasive species (2)
- Islam (2)
- Klebsiella pneumoniae (2)
- Klinische Ergebnisse (2)
- Knochenersatzmaterial (2)
- Kohärenz (2)
- Konzeptualisierung (2)
- Kooperation (2)
- Kunstpädagogik (2)
- Language (2)
- Lebensqualität (2)
- Linguistik (2)
- Liver diseases (2)
- Liver transplantation (2)
- Long-term potentiation (2)
- MSD (2)
- Machine Learning (2)
- Medical research (2)
- Medicinal chemistry (2)
- Medien (2)
- Meta-analysis (2)
- Metaanalysis (2)
- Metabolic engineering (2)
- Methodenbericht (2)
- Mindfulness (2)
- Mobilität (2)
- Morbidity (2)
- Morphology (2)
- Motivation (2)
- Multiple sclerosis (2)
- Myocardial perfusion (2)
- NADPH oxidase (2)
- NAFLD (2)
- Neurology (2)
- Neurons (2)
- Niche construction (2)
- Notaufnahme (2)
- Object vision (2)
- Open Access (2)
- Optogenetics (2)
- Outcome (2)
- PCR (2)
- PISA (2)
- Palaeoceanography (2)
- Palaeoclimate (2)
- Papyri (2)
- Particle and resonance production (2)
- Patient blood management (2)
- Patients (2)
- Performance (2)
- Physical oceanography (2)
- Pneumonia (2)
- Politik (2)
- Privacy (2)
- Protein drugability (2)
- Public Private Partnership (2)
- Public health (2)
- RNA structures (2)
- Radiomics (2)
- Rechtsgeschichte (2)
- Rechtswissenschaft (2)
- Reflexionskompetenz (2)
- Remuneration (2)
- Representation (2)
- Respiration (2)
- Retail investors (2)
- Searle (2)
- Seizure (2)
- Self-control (2)
- Senescence (2)
- Shear viscosity (2)
- Skulptur (2)
- Sprache (2)
- Studium (2)
- Suicide pact (2)
- Surveys (2)
- Teoria Crítica (2)
- Theodor Adorno (2)
- Trading (2)
- Transfusion (2)
- Treatment outcome (2)
- Trichoptera (2)
- Trypanosoma brucei (2)
- Validation (2)
- Vergütung (2)
- Vertragsklausel (2)
- Viral infection (2)
- Virtual Reality (2)
- Vollstreckung (2)
- Walter Benjamin (2)
- Wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (2)
- Weiterbildung (2)
- Wirecard (2)
- Women (2)
- Zeichnung (2)
- Zentralbankpolitik (2)
- Zero Lower Bound (2)
- abundance (2)
- acetogens (2)
- action-effect association (2)
- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2)
- adaptation (2)
- adolescents (2)
- adult (2)
- aging (2)
- algorithms (2)
- alveolar ridge augmentation (2)
- animal experiment (2)
- antiepileptic drugs (2)
- atonality (2)
- auditory cortex (2)
- augmentation (2)
- banking (2)
- bibliometrics (2)
- biodiversity (2)
- biomarkers (2)
- biopolitics (2)
- body mass index (2)
- bulk viscosity (2)
- cardiac surgery (2)
- causality (2)
- cell-free expression (2)
- cerebral hemorrhage (2)
- cerebral venous thrombosis (2)
- chemoresistance (2)
- children (2)
- chloroplasts (2)
- cirrhosis (2)
- cleaning (2)
- climate (2)
- clinical studies (2)
- coagulopathy (2)
- combination therapy (2)
- comparative analysis (2)
- complement (2)
- comprehension (2)
- connectedness to nature (2)
- connection to nature (2)
- connective tissue (2)
- continuous performance test (2)
- corporate finance (2)
- curcumin (2)
- cystic fibrosis (2)
- cytomegalovirus (2)
- dark energy (2)
- data science (2)
- decision making (2)
- decompensated liver cirrhosis (2)
- delirium (2)
- democratic backsliding (2)
- density functional theory (2)
- dental education (2)
- dental implants (2)
- dental profession (2)
- dentoalveolar surgery (2)
- diabetes mellitus (2)
- direct-acting antivirals (2)
- distress (2)
- dodecaphony (2)
- drug discovery (2)
- education (2)
- elderly (2)
- electroencephalography (2)
- environmental tobacco smoke (2)
- executive function (2)
- expectations (2)
- exploratory structural equation modeling (2)
- fMRI (2)
- fascia (2)
- fibroblasts (2)
- fibrosis (2)
- financial markets (2)
- fiscal policy (2)
- fluorine (2)
- frontal cortex (2)
- gait analysis (2)
- gasoline price (2)
- gender (2)
- gene expression (2)
- global justice (2)
- grit (2)
- growth (2)
- heavy-ion collisions (2)
- hepatic encephalopathy (2)
- hepatocellular carcinoma (2)
- higher education (2)
- histology (2)
- hyperactivity (2)
- hypoxia (2)
- immunity (2)
- immunosuppression (2)
- impulsivity (2)
- inclusion (2)
- inclusive education (2)
- inequality (2)
- infection (2)
- innate immunity (2)
- institutions (2)
- integration (2)
- integrin (2)
- invariance testing (2)
- joint contact forces (2)
- journalism (2)
- kidney (2)
- law (2)
- liver (2)
- liver cirrhosis (2)
- local-field potentials (2)
- loss (2)
- lung cancer (2)
- lung function (2)
- lymphocytes (2)
- mTOR (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- memory (2)
- mental health (2)
- metformin (2)
- mice (2)
- minerals (2)
- mitochondria (2)
- molecular dynamics (2)
- molecular machines (2)
- motivation (2)
- multilingualism (2)
- multiple sclerosis (2)
- musculoskeletal disorders (2)
- musculoskeletal modeling (2)
- natural killer cells (2)
- neural oscillations (2)
- neurocognition (2)
- oncology (2)
- oral and maxillofacial surgery (2)
- pancreatic cancer (2)
- patient blood management (2)
- periodontitis (2)
- polygenic risk score (2)
- positive psychological coaching (2)
- positive psychological interventions (2)
- post-translational modifications (2)
- prediction (2)
- privacy (2)
- prognosis (2)
- protein degradation (2)
- protein synthesis (2)
- proteome (2)
- proteomics (2)
- psychometric properties (2)
- public debt (2)
- public health (2)
- questionnaire (2)
- recapitalization (2)
- reductases (2)
- renal cell carcinoma (2)
- resistance training (2)
- rhodesain (2)
- risk factors (2)
- risk prediction (2)
- risk-taking (2)
- screening (2)
- security (2)
- sepsis (2)
- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2)
- short-sales (2)
- simulation training (2)
- social isolation (2)
- solid-state NMR (2)
- solidarity (2)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate (2)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (2)
- sphingosine kinase (2)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (2)
- spinal dural leaks (2)
- stock market (2)
- structural biology (2)
- superficial siderosis (2)
- surgery (2)
- survival (2)
- survivin (2)
- thrombosis (2)
- thymus (2)
- trace elements (2)
- transcriptomics (2)
- transnationalism (2)
- transplantation (2)
- tumor growth (2)
- tumor progression (2)
- ubiquitin (2)
- visual attention (2)
- von Willebrand factor (2)
- welfare state (2)
- öffentlich-medialer Diskurs (2)
- (cardiac) surgery (1)
- 1,4-naphthoquinone (1)
- 11N45 (1)
- 14-3-3 gene family (1)
- 14N10 (secondary) (1)
- 16 segment AHA model (1)
- 16. Jahrhundert (1)
- 16S rRNA sequencing (1)
- 1968 (1)
- 1969 (1)
- 19F (1)
- 19F MR spectroscopy (1)
- 1H MR spectroscopy (1)
- 2'-deoxyguanosine riboswitch (1)
- 2-aminobenzimidazole (1)
- 2-hydroxyglutarate (1)
- 2019-nCoV (1)
- 3' UTR (1)
- 3,4-DCA; biotransformation (1)
- 3-alkylphenols (1)
- 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (1)
- 30F30 (1)
- 32G15 (primary) (1)
- 3D printed cell-free scaffold (1)
- 3D reconstruction and image processing (1)
- 3D-Druck (1)
- 4-fluoroamphetamine (1)
- 401(k) plan (1)
- 5-lipoxygenase (1)
- 5-lipoxygenase; (1)
- 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (1)
- 9-HODE (1)
- A-FFIP (1)
- A. thaliana (1)
- A2BP1 (1)
- AAA+ disaggregase (1)
- ABC proteins, ribosome recycling (1)
- ABCB1 (1)
- ABCC1 (1)
- ACE-Bestimmung (1)
- AChE (1)
- ADAMTS-13 (1)
- ADAMTS13 (1)
- ADGRE1 (1)
- ADHD differential diagnosis (1)
- ADHS (1)
- AKI (1)
- ALL (1)
- AM-PM noise conversion (1)
- AMH (1)
- AML – acute myeloid leukemia (1)
- APCO (1)
- API (1)
- ARDS (1)
- ART (1)
- ASD-specific (1)
- ASPECTS (1)
- ATP binding (1)
- ATPases (1)
- Abductor pollicis longus (1)
- Ablation (1)
- Abrasion (1)
- Absenteeism (1)
- Absorption modeling (1)
- Abundance (1)
- Abusive head trauma (AHT) (1)
- Acacia (1)
- Accelerators & Beams (1)
- Accelerators & storage rings (1)
- Access (1)
- Accumulated degree days (1)
- Acellular dermis (1)
- Acoustic signals (1)
- Acoustics (1)
- Action potentials (1)
- Acute HIV infection (1)
- Acute appendicitis (1)
- Acute elbow dislocation (1)
- Acute hospital (1)
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1)
- Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (1)
- Acute-on-chronic subdural hematoma (1)
- Addison’s disease (1)
- Adenosine (1)
- Adherence (1)
- Adipose tissue (1)
- Administrative claims data (1)
- Adorno et Sartre (1)
- Adorno Theodor (1)
- Adorno and Sartre (1)
- Adorno e Sartre (1)
- Advanced breast cancer (1)
- Adverse drug reaction (1)
- Advertising (1)
- Aesthetics (1)
- Affektregime (1)
- African Sleeping Sickness (1)
- Afrikanische Schlafkrankheit (1)
- Age (1)
- Age determination (1)
- Age determination by skeleton (1)
- Age groups (1)
- Aggregate outcomes (1)
- Aging society (1)
- Akazie (1)
- Albania (1)
- Albanija (1)
- Albert Londres (1)
- Albumin ratio (1)
- Algorithms (1)
- Alkaloid (1)
- Allergic rhinitis (1)
- Allgemeinmedizin (1)
- Allocative Effciency (1)
- Allogeneic (1)
- Alloy (1)
- Alpha oscillations (1)
- Alternative zum Westen (1)
- Altruism (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Amisulpride (1)
- Amitriptyline (1)
- Amplification (1)
- Anaerobic bacteria (1)
- Anandamide (1)
- Anatomy (1)
- Anderson–Fabry (1)
- Andesites (1)
- Andropogon virginicus (1)
- André Gide (1)
- Aneignung (1)
- Anforderungsbearbeitung (1)
- Angiogenesis (1)
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (1)
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (1)
- Animal model (1)
- Animal personality (1)
- Anionic boranes (1)
- Annotation (1)
- Annuities (1)
- Anselm Kiefer (1)
- Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (1)
- Anti-CMV IgG (1)
- Anti-inflammatory (1)
- Anti-rheumatic agents (1)
- Antibiotic resistance (1)
- Anticholinergic (1)
- Anticoagulant (1)
- Anticoagulant therapy (1)
- Anticoagulants (1)
- Anticoagulation (1)
- Antidepressiva (1)
- Antigen carrier (1)
- Antigens/Peptides/Epitopes (1)
- Antihormone therapy (1)
- Antinomien (1)
- Antiviral immune response (1)
- Aortic input function (1)
- Apache Spark (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- App (1)
- App ecosystem (1)
- Appendectomy (1)
- Applied microbiology (1)
- Appraisal rights (1)
- Appropriation (1)
- Aquilegia (1)
- Arbeit und Subjektivität (1)
- Arbeitsgedächtnis (1)
- Arbeitsorientierungen (1)
- Arbeitssoziologie (1)
- Archaea (1)
- Archaeogeophysics (1)
- Archaeology (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Argentinean Historiography (1)
- Argumentative theory of reasoning (1)
- Arithmetic-geometric exponentials (1)
- Arousal (1)
- Arrhythmia syndromes (1)
- Art-education (1)
- Artenschutz (1)
- Arthroplasty (1)
- Article 7 (1)
- Artificial Intelligence, (1)
- Asien (1)
- Asset Price Bubbles (1)
- Asset allocation (1)
- Assistive technology (1)
- Ataxia score (1)
- Atg8 (1)
- Athletes (1)
- Atm (1)
- Atmospheric chemistry (1)
- Atmospheric science (1)
- Atomic & molecular beams (1)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics (1)
- Atomic, Molecular & Optical (1)
- Atrial fibrillation (1)
- Attention deficit (1)
- Attitude face au travail (1)
- Audio-podcast (1)
- Auditing (1)
- Auditory cortex (1)
- Auditory midbrain (1)
- Auditory system (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitsleistung (1)
- Ausbildung (1)
- Ausgangssperre (1)
- Austen Jane (1)
- Austin (1)
- Autoimmune vasculopathy (1)
- Autologous biomaterial (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Autopsy (1)
- Awareness campaign (1)
- Axiography (1)
- B and Sr isotopes (1)
- B cells (1)
- B-cell lymphoma (1)
- B-cell receptor (1)
- BAG3 (1)
- BCL6 (1)
- BCS phase (1)
- BCX7353 (1)
- BDNF (1)
- BESIII (1)
- BET inhibitor (1)
- BEZ235 (1)
- BFIS (1)
- BG-index (1)
- BIRC5 (1)
- BK channel (1)
- BMC (1)
- BMP signaling (1)
- BRD4 (1)
- BRICS (1)
- BRICS-Staaten (1)
- Bacterial abundance (1)
- Bacterial genetics (1)
- Bacteriology (1)
- Bagatelltrauma (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Bakterientest (1)
- Balloon-expandable TAVI (1)
- Bank regulation (1)
- Bankenunion (1)
- Banking Crisis (1)
- Banking Supervision, (1)
- Banks (1)
- Bantu (1)
- Base metal sulphides (1)
- Batch Learning (1)
- Bathyergidae (1)
- Bats (1)
- Bauchaortenaneurysma (1)
- Bayern (1)
- Bayesian Estimation (1)
- Bayesian Statistics (1)
- Bayesian inference (1)
- Beam loss (1)
- Bee venom allergy (1)
- Begriffsbestimmung (1)
- Behandlungskapazität (1)
- Behandlungsvollzug (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Behavior change (1)
- Behavioral disorders (1)
- Behavioral reaction norms (1)
- Behavioral specialization (1)
- Behavioral syndromes (1)
- Behavioral type (1)
- Behavioural ecology (1)
- Behavioural methods (1)
- Behinderungserfahrung (1)
- Beitragsgarantien (1)
- Belastung (1)
- Bell theorem (1)
- Benefits (1)
- Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces (BESS) (1)
- Benign pulmonary diseases (1)
- Benigne Lungenerkrankungen (1)
- Berkovich spaces (1)
- Berufliche Bildung (1)
- Bestimmungsmethoden (1)
- Bestrahlung (1)
- Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung (1)
- Bewegungsanalyse mit Inertialsensoren (1)
- Bewegungsstörung (1)
- Bhabha (1)
- Biel (1)
- Bildgebung (1)
- Bildungsfachkräfte (1)
- Bilingualism (1)
- Bilingualität (1)
- Binding Kinetics (1)
- Binding kinetic (1)
- BioID (1)
- Bioacoustics (1)
- Bioavailability prediction (1)
- Biocatalysis (1)
- Biodiversity Data (1)
- Biodiversity loss (1)
- Bioenergetics (1)
- Bioequivalence (1)
- Biogeochemistry (1)
- Biologging (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomineralization (1)
- Biomonitoring (1)
- Biophysik (1)
- Biopolitik (1)
- Biopsy (1)
- Biosecurity (1)
- Biota (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Biowaiver (1)
- Black Lipid Membrane (1)
- Blastocysts (1)
- Bleeding (1)
- Blindheit und Sehbehinderung (1)
- Blocked occlusion (1)
- Blood flow (1)
- Board of Directors (1)
- Body limbs (1)
- Body measurements (1)
- Body modification (1)
- Body temperature (1)
- Boidae (1)
- Bolivia (1)
- Bone defect (1)
- Bone regeneration (1)
- Bone remodelling (1)
- Bone substitute (1)
- Bone tissue engineering (1)
- Botanical Collections (1)
- Brain asymmetry (1)
- Brain injuries (1)
- Brain size I (1)
- Brain structure (1)
- Brain tumor surgery (1)
- Brain tumors (1)
- Brain-stimulus synchrony (1)
- Brassicales (1)
- Breast cancer survivers (1)
- Breathing (1)
- Brexit (1)
- Brics (1)
- Brittany (1)
- Bromeliads (1)
- Bronzestatuetten (1)
- Bruno Latour (1)
- Brustkrebs (1)
- Buchner, Franz Xaver (1)
- Built environment (1)
- Burden (1)
- Burden of illness (1)
- Business Cycles (1)
- Business lending (1)
- Business psychology (1)
- Bürgerbeteiligung (1)
- Büroangestellte (1)
- C-mannosylation (1)
- C-value (1)
- C1 inhibitor (1)
- C2 domain (1)
- CAD/CAM (1)
- CAKUT (1)
- CAR (1)
- CCL2 (1)
- CD107-Assay (1)
- CD3 (1)
- CD34 + cells (1)
- CD4 binding site (1)
- CD41 (1)
- CD49d (1)
- CD62P (1)
- CD8+ T cell (1)
- CDI (1)
- CDK9 (1)
- CEBPD (1)
- CEP-1 (1)
- CIE-11 (1)
- CIRS (1)
- CLP (1)
- CMU (1)
- CMVepidemiology (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CO2 fertilization (1)
- CO2-Steuer (1)
- COINS (1)
- COMP (1)
- COVID 19 pandemic (1)
- COVID-19 news (1)
- COVID19-NMR (1)
- CPT1A (1)
- CRE-dependent transcription (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CSR (1)
- CUE domain (1)
- CUELA system (1)
- CXCL10 (1)
- CXCR3 (1)
- Calathea (1)
- Calculation (1)
- Callous-unemotional traits (1)
- Calpain (1)
- Camera trapping (1)
- Cancer check up (1)
- Cancer treatment (1)
- Candida spp (1)
- Cannabidiol (1)
- Capital theory (1)
- Capnography (1)
- Carbanions (1)
- Carbonate (1)
- Carbonated apatite (1)
- Cardiac acoustic biomarkers (1)
- Cardiac arrest (1)
- Cardiac masses (1)
- CardioMEMS™ HF system (1)
- Careers (1)
- Carl Schmit (1)
- Carl von Clausewitz (1)
- Caspase-8 (1)
- Caudate nucleus (1)
- Cell death and immune response (1)
- Cell differentiation (1)
- Cell staining (1)
- Cell-based therapies (1)
- Cellular microbiology (1)
- Cellular neuroscience (1)
- Central nervous system (1)
- Cerebellum (1)
- Cerebral cortex (1)
- Cerebral hypoperfusion (1)
- Cerebrovascular disorders (1)
- Ceteris paribus laws (1)
- Cezanne (1)
- Chad (1)
- Challenge and hindrance stressors (1)
- Charge-transfer collisions (1)
- Charmed mesons (1)
- Checkpoint inhibitor (1)
- Chemical dispersant (1)
- Chemical tools (1)
- Chemicals of emerging concern (1)
- Chemoradiation (1)
- Chemotherapie (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Child (1)
- Child health (1)
- Children and adolescents (1)
- Chimiothérapie (1)
- Chiquitano Dry Forest (1)
- Chiral symmetry (1)
- Chiral symmetry restoration (1)
- Chirurgie (1)
- Choice experiments (1)
- Chromatin accessibility (1)
- Chromatin conformation (1)
- Chronic conditions (1)
- Chronic depression (1)
- Chronic inflammation (1)
- Chronology of disease (1)
- Chrysops (1)
- Circular accelerators (1)
- Citizenship (1)
- Citizenship Law (1)
- Claims on land (1)
- Classification (1)
- Clavien–Dindo classification (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Climate inequity (1)
- Clinical genetics (1)
- Clinical relevant dissolution specification (1)
- Clinical trial (1)
- Clinical trials (1)
- Clostridium (1)
- Clumped isotopes (1)
- Clustering coefficients (1)
- CoVaR (1)
- Coagulation (1)
- Coagulopathy management (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- Cognitive impairment (1)
- Cognitive neurology (1)
- Cognitive neuroscience (1)
- Cognitive science (1)
- Cold hardiness (1)
- Cold tolerance (1)
- Collagen-based biomaterial (1)
- Collective Action (1)
- Collective Expulsion (1)
- Collectivity (1)
- Colonic neoplasms (1)
- Combo® DTS (1)
- Common Agricultural Policy (1)
- Common humanity (1)
- Communication (1)
- Comovements (1)
- Compact stars (1)
- Companion-type robots (1)
- Company founders (1)
- Comparators (1)
- Compassionate writing exercises (1)
- Compatibility (1)
- Complete survey (1)
- Complications (1)
- Compression stocking (1)
- Computational Biology (1)
- Computational biophysics (1)
- Computational modelling (1)
- Computed axial tomography (1)
- Computer hardware (1)
- Computer science (1)
- Computer software (1)
- Computer-aided drug design (1)
- Computers (1)
- Comunicación (1)
- Concept paper (1)
- Conduct disorder (1)
- Conduct problems (1)
- Confinement (1)
- Conflict (1)
- Conflict-driven memory enhancements (1)
- Conflicts (1)
- Congenital CMVinfection (1)
- Congenital anomalies (1)
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (1)
- Connectivity (1)
- Connectomics (1)
- Conservative treatment (1)
- Constitution (1)
- Consumer credit (1)
- Consumer demand (1)
- Consumption (1)
- Contemporary History (1)
- Continuous Process Verification (1)
- Control (1)
- Cooperation (1)
- Copy number (1)
- Corona Constitutional (1)
- Corona-Krise (1)
- Corona-Steuerhilfegesetz (1)
- Coronary artery disease (1)
- Corporate Social Responsibility (1)
- Corporate governance (1)
- Corporate law (1)
- Correlation (1)
- Cortical degeneration (1)
- Cortical thickness (1)
- Cortisol im Speichel (1)
- Cortisol secretion (1)
- Costa Rica (1)
- Covid-19-Crisis (1)
- Cp (1)
- Cpk (1)
- Craniomaxillofacial injuries (1)
- Cratonic lithosphere (1)
- Creditor Rights (1)
- Critical Online Reasoning Assessment (1)
- Critical size (1)
- Critique of Value (1)
- Croatia (1)
- Crohn's disease (1)
- Crohn’s disease (1)
- Crustacea (1)
- Cryptocurrencies (1)
- Crítica do Valor (1)
- CspA (1)
- CspZ (1)
- Cultura (1)
- Cultural Studies (1)
- Cultural evolution (1)
- Culture (1)
- Curriculum (1)
- Cybersecurity (1)
- Cybersicherhheit (1)
- Cyclization (1)
- Cyp46a1 (1)
- CysLTR1 (1)
- Cysteine‐Rich Domain (CRD) (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- Cytokines (1)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (1)
- DA (1)
- DAMPs (1)
- DBS (1)
- DDC (1)
- DEER or PELDOR (1)
- DFNB9 (1)
- DILI (1)
- DIPSHIFT (1)
- DNA G-quadruplex (1)
- DNA barcoding (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA damage response (1)
- DNA pulldown (1)
- DNA sequence analysis (1)
- DNA-LNA mixmers (1)
- DNA-protein-interactions (1)
- DNase1-seq (1)
- DRG (1)
- DSM-5 (1)
- DSM5 (1)
- DST (1)
- DYRK1A (1)
- Darunavir (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Data protection (1)
- Data quality (1)
- Data science (1)
- Datenverarbeitung (1)
- Datong coalfield (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Decontamination (1)
- Deductive logic (1)
- Deep learning (1)
- Deep vein thrombosis (1)
- Default (1)
- Defibrillation (1)
- Degrowth (1)
- Dehnen (1)
- Delegation (1)
- Demand estimation (1)
- Demenz (1)
- Democracia Liberal (1)
- Democracy (1)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (1)
- Demokratie (1)
- Density equalizing mapping (1)
- Density-equalizing mapping (1)
- Dental air (1)
- Dental casts (1)
- Dental implant (1)
- Dental implants (1)
- Dental practice (1)
- Dental students (1)
- Deposit Insurance (1)
- Dermal fat (1)
- Design (1)
- Design functions (1)
- Determination method (1)
- Deutsch als Zweitsprache (1)
- Developmental biology (1)
- Developmental disorders (1)
- Dewey Decimal Classification (1)
- DgkA (1)
- DiSSCo (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Diagnosis (1)
- Diagnosis related groups (1)
- Diagnostic algorithm (1)
- Diagnostic error (1)
- Diagnostic markers (1)
- Diatomophthora (1)
- Dicellomyces (1)
- Dicer (1)
- Dickeya (1)
- Differential diagnosis (1)
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (1)
- Digital Specimen (1)
- Digital media (1)
- Digital technologies (1)
- Digitale Technologien (1)
- Digitalität (1)
- Dimerization domain (1)
- Direct estimation (1)
- Disabilities (1)
- Disaster victim identification (1)
- Disc herniation (1)
- Discount Rates (1)
- Discourse (1)
- Diseases (1)
- Disengagement research (1)
- Disintegration (1)
- Diskriminierung (1)
- Diskurs (1)
- Diskurstheorie (1)
- Dispersal capacity (1)
- Display advertising (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Dissolution (1)
- Distress screening (1)
- Distributed Computing (1)
- Distributed System of Scientific Collections (1)
- Distribution limits (1)
- Dividends (1)
- Dokumentarische Methode (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Doppler radar (1)
- Doris Salcedo (1)
- Double suicide (1)
- Double-blind placebo-controlled trial (1)
- Douleur (1)
- Drag-along rights (1)
- Dravet syndrome (1)
- Drogenhandel (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Drug permeability (1)
- Drug screening (1)
- Drug susceptibility testing (1)
- Dual cone (1)
- Duelo (1)
- Dunkelziffer (1)
- Dural onlays (1)
- Duration of Civil Proceedings (1)
- Dynamic Pricing (1)
- Dynamic covalent chemistry (1)
- Dynamic pricing (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- Dysphagia (1)
- Désir d’enfant (1)
- E-NTPDase (1)
- E3 ligase (1)
- EBM (1)
- EEG reference choices (1)
- EGFR pathway (1)
- EGFRvIII mutation (1)
- EGR1-dependent transcription (1)
- ELISA (1)
- EMR1 (1)
- EMT (1)
- EPR spectroscopy (1)
- EQIP (1)
- ERAD (1)
- ERBB2 (HER2/neu) (1)
- ERK3 (1)
- EROD (1)
- ES (1)
- ESG (1)
- ESG Rating Agencies (1)
- ESMO-MCBS (1)
- EU Parliament (1)
- EU Recovery Funds (1)
- Early Permian (1)
- Early intervention (1)
- Eating disorders (1)
- Ebola virus (1)
- Echo-Räume (1)
- Echolocation (1)
- Echovirus-30 (1)
- Econometrics (1)
- Economic Governance (1)
- Economic and Monetary Union (1)
- Economics (1)
- Ecosystem Services (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Ecosystems (1)
- Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (1)
- Ectrogella (1)
- Edoxaban (1)
- Educational texttechnology (1)
- Educação musical (1)
- Effective Field Theories (1)
- Effective hadron theories (1)
- Effective lower bound (1)
- Efflux system (1)
- Eilrechtsschutz (1)
- Einkaufszentren (1)
- Einlagensicherung (1)
- Einstellungen (1)
- Einwilligungsfähigkeit (1)
- Eisenmangel (1)
- Ejection fraction (1)
- Elastic scattering (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Electrical stimulation (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Electronic transitions (1)
- Electroweak interaction (1)
- Eleştirel Kuram (1)
- Elfenbein (1)
- Email (1)
- Embodied performances (1)
- Embryo toxicity (1)
- Emergency treatment (1)
- Emotional memory (1)
- Emotionale Kompetenz (1)
- Emotions (1)
- Employee well-being (1)
- Employé.e.s hautement qualifié.e.s (1)
- Enantioselektive Katalyse (1)
- End-of-life decisions (1)
- Endemis-mus (1)
- Endocrinology (1)
- Endometrial carcinoma (1)
- Endometriome (1)
- Endométriomes (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelial protein C receptor (1)
- Endovaskuläre Versorgung (1)
- Endpoints (1)
- Energiewettbewerb (1)
- Energy conservation (1)
- Energy metabolism (1)
- Energy reserves (1)
- Enforcement (1)
- Englischunterricht (1)
- Enseñanza universitaria (1)
- Enterobacteriaceae (1)
- Entomology (1)
- Entry and exit (1)
- Entscheidungsassistenz (1)
- Entstellung (1)
- Envelope (1)
- Eocene; pit organs (1)
- Ephemeroptera (1)
- Epidemiologic model (1)
- Epidemiological data (1)
- Epidemiologisches Modell (1)
- Epidural abscess (1)
- Epigenetics (1)
- Epilepsie (1)
- Episodic memory (1)
- Epistemologie (1)
- Epstein-Barr virus (1)
- Equation of state (1)
- Equity fund (1)
- Erasmianismus (1)
- Erasmus von Rotterdam (1)
- Erasmus, Desiderius (1)
- Erdnussallergie (1)
- Ergonomic analysis (1)
- Ergonomie am Arbeitsplatz (1)
- Ergonomische Analyse (1)
- Erregerspektrum der Tonsillitis (1)
- Erwachsene (1)
- Erwerb der Satzstruktur (1)
- Estética (1)
- Ethik (1)
- Ethiopia (1)
- Ethnizität (1)
- European Alps (1)
- European Commission (1)
- European Green Deal (1)
- European electricity grid (1)
- Europoeic media (1)
- Eurozone (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Evidence based medicine (1)
- Evidence-based dentistry (1)
- Evidence-based medicine (1)
- Evidenzbasierte Medizin (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Ewing sarcoma (1)
- Excess sensitivity (1)
- Excitatory balance (1)
- Exercise challenge (1)
- Exercise therapy (1)
- Exercise-induced asthma (1)
- Exhaled nitric oxide (1)
- Expectation formation (1)
- Expected credit losses (1)
- Experience (1)
- Experimental Economics (1)
- Experts (1)
- External-/self-assessment (1)
- Extremhabitat (1)
- Eye movements (1)
- Eye tracking (1)
- F4/80 (1)
- F508del homozygous (1)
- FBDD (1)
- FBK-R23 (1)
- FBS (1)
- FDM (1)
- FET (1)
- FEV1 (1)
- FFF (1)
- FHIR (1)
- FIH1 (1)
- FLT3-ITD (1)
- FM radar (1)
- FTAM and OX063 (1)
- FTMT (1)
- Fabclavine (1)
- Fachlichkeit (1)
- Factor H (1)
- Fahrradstraße (1)
- Fahrradstraßen (1)
- Failed states (1)
- Fair value (1)
- Fair value accounting (1)
- Far from equilibrium (1)
- Fasting (1)
- Fat layer (1)
- Fecundity (1)
- Feedback (1)
- Feedback loop (1)
- Felidae (1)
- Female subjects (1)
- Ferritinophagy (1)
- Ferroptose (1)
- Ferroptosis (1)
- Fertilität (1)
- Fertilité (1)
- Fibromyalgia (1)
- Fictional expectations (1)
- Fiktive Erwartungen (1)
- Film (1)
- Film communication (1)
- Film culture (1)
- Film heritage (1)
- Film theory (1)
- Filmtheorie (1)
- Finance (1)
- Finance and Employment (1)
- Financial Crises (1)
- Financial Integration (1)
- Financial Reporting (1)
- Financial crisis (1)
- Financial literacy (1)
- Financing Constraints (1)
- Financing Costs (1)
- Finevo (1)
- Fingolimod (1)
- Finite-temperature QFT (1)
- Fire Sales (1)
- Firm value (1)
- First-line regimen (1)
- Fiscal Policies (1)
- Fiscal Solidarity (1)
- Fiscal Stimulus Program (1)
- Five-Konzept (1)
- Fixed-Income (1)
- Flavin homeostasis (1)
- Fluctuations of conserved charges (1)
- Fluid therapy (1)
- Fokusgruppe (1)
- Food effect (1)
- Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (1)
- Foreign language (1)
- Forensic Architecture (1)
- Forensic entomology (1)
- Forensic examination (1)
- Formation and Education (1)
- Formação e Educação (1)
- Forschungsmethoden (1)
- Fortbildung (1)
- Forward physics (1)
- Fourier analysis (1)
- Fractional Laplacian (1)
- Fracture (1)
- Fracture type (1)
- Fragebogenentwicklung (1)
- Fragebogenerstellung (1)
- Fragile Staaten (1)
- Fragile states (1)
- Fragment (1)
- Frankfurt (1)
- Frankfurt Okulu (1)
- Frankfurt School of Philosophy (1)
- Frankfurt school (1)
- Frankfurter Schule (1)
- Frauenrechte im Islam (1)
- Freedom of research (1)
- Freiheit (1)
- French (1)
- Fresh frozen plasma (1)
- Freshwater ecology (1)
- Frictions (1)
- Friedrich I., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser (1)
- Full waveform (1)
- Functional characterization (1)
- Functional clustering (1)
- Functional mitral regurgitation (1)
- G protein-coupled receptors (1)
- G quadruplex helicase RHAU (1)
- G-CSF (1)
- G-Quadruplex (1)
- G-quadruplexes (1)
- G2A receptor (1)
- GABA (1)
- GABARAP (1)
- GABAergic (1)
- GC content (1)
- GCM (1)
- GCN (1)
- GDPR (1)
- GFAP (1)
- GHQ-28 (1)
- GIRD (1)
- GIS (1)
- GLA deficiency (1)
- GMM Estimation (1)
- GPCR (1)
- GWAS (1)
- Gait analysis (1)
- Gale-dual pairs (1)
- Game Theory (1)
- Gas gangrene (1)
- Gastrocnemius muscles (1)
- Gastroschisis (1)
- Gaussian Processes (1)
- Geistiges Eigentum (1)
- Geld (1)
- Gender-Normen (1)
- Gene expression prediction (1)
- Generation Cryo (1)
- Genetic heart disease (1)
- Genetic syndromes (1)
- Genetic variation (1)
- Genre (1)
- Geoffrey Burnstock (1)
- Geographical disparities (1)
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1)
- George Bernard Shaw (1)
- German Romanticism (1)
- German science council (1)
- Germany Neolithic (1)
- Gerontologie (1)
- Geschichte (1)
- Geschichte 1500-1600 (1)
- Geschichtsschreibung (1)
- Geschlecht (1)
- Gesellschaft (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Gesundheitsamt (1)
- Gesundheitsberichterstattung (1)
- Gesundheitsbildung (1)
- Gesundheitserziehung (1)
- Gesundheitsförderung (1)
- Gesundheitswissenschaften (1)
- Gewalt gegen Frauen (1)
- Gewerbesteuer (1)
- Gig economy (1)
- Glauber and Giessen Boltzmann–Uehling–Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) models (1)
- Glioblastom (1)
- Global Citizenship Education (1)
- Global positioning system (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Globular textures (1)
- Goethe Johann Wolfgang von (1)
- Gouvernementalität (1)
- Governmentality (1)
- Graminicolous downy mildews (1)
- Graph generation (1)
- Graph theory (1)
- Gravitational waves (1)
- Gray matter volume (1)
- Great Recession (1)
- Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) (1)
- Greenhouse effect (1)
- Grobstrukturanalyse (1)
- Groomed jet radius (1)
- Growth (1)
- Großprojekte (1)
- Grundrechte (1)
- Grundschullehrkräfte (1)
- Guided bone regeneration (GBR) (1)
- Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) (1)
- Guidelines (1)
- Gut microbiome (1)
- Gymnasium (1)
- Gαq/11 (1)
- H/ACA-RNP (1)
- HADS (1)
- HAE (1)
- HBV filaments (1)
- HBV genotypes (1)
- HBV surface protein (1)
- HCC (1)
- HCC recurrence (1)
- HCV (1)
- HDAC (1)
- HDAC and BET inhibitor (1)
- HDAC inhibitor (1)
- HDAC4 (1)
- HEUS (1)
- HEV (1)
- HFrEF (1)
- HHUSD (1)
- HHole (for Mannheim) (1)
- HIBCPP cells (1)
- HIFT (1)
- HILI (1)
- HIV-1 escape restriction (1)
- HIV-positive Literatur (1)
- HIV-positive literature (1)
- HIV/AIDS (1)
- HLA DQ haplotypes (1)
- HLA class I (1)
- HNSCC (1)
- HOSO (1)
- HRM (1)
- Hadron Spectroscopy (1)
- Haematocrit (1)
- Haematopota (1)
- Haemodynamic monitoring (1)
- Halogenation (1)
- Handlungswissen von Lehrpersonen (1)
- Handwriting (1)
- Hassrede (1)
- Hausarztmangel (1)
- Haushalte mit Kindern (1)
- Haushaltskrisenbarometer (1)
- Hawkes processes (1)
- HbA1c (1)
- HeLa cells (1)
- Health care sector (1)
- Health education and awareness (1)
- Health literacy (1)
- Health policy (1)
- Health services (1)
- Healthcare costs (1)
- Healthcare resource utilization (1)
- Health‐related quality of life (1)
- Heat dissipation (1)
- Heat shock protein 27 (1)
- Heavy Ion Phenomenology (1)
- Heavy baryons (1)
- Heavy ion collisions (1)
- Heavy-ion collisions (1)
- Heavy-ion physics (1)
- Heavy-quark symmetry (1)
- Helicoptergeld (1)
- Hematologic malignancies (1)
- Hematoxylin staining (1)
- Hemispheric specialization (1)
- Hemodynamics (1)
- Hepatic encephalopathy (1)
- Hepatitis C virus (1)
- Herbaria (1)
- Herdenimmunität (1)
- Heregulin (1)
- Hermann Schmitz (1)
- Hessen (1)
- Heterocycles (1)
- Heterogeneity (1)
- Heterogenität (1)
- HiC (1)
- HiChIP (1)
- High oblique sagittal osteotomy (1)
- High-Level-Forum (1)
- High-Speed photography (1)
- Higher education (1)
- Highly qualified workers (1)
- Highly siderophile elements (1)
- Hippocampal excitability (1)
- Hippocampus (1)
- Histological analysis (1)
- Histoplasma qPCR (1)
- Historiografia Argentina (1)
- Historische Diskursanalyse (1)
- History (1)
- História Contemporânea (1)
- História Intelectua (1)
- Hmox1 (1)
- HoLEP (1)
- Hochqualifizierte (1)
- Hochschulentwicklung (1)
- Hochschullehre (1)
- Hochschulschrift (1)
- Hodge bundle (1)
- Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- Hodgkin’s lymphoma (1)
- Holography (1)
- Holzhausen-Porträtsammlung (1)
- Holznutzung (1)
- Homicide-suicide (1)
- Homizid-Suizid (1)
- Hope (1)
- Hospital case volume (1)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Host jump (1)
- House dust mite allergy (1)
- Household Consumption (1)
- Hsp70 (1)
- Human (1)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1)
- Human well-being (1)
- Hybrid Markets (1)
- Hybrid model (1)
- Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (1)
- Hyperactivity (1)
- Hyperscanning (1)
- Hypochondriasis (1)
- Hyponatremia (1)
- Hypothetical bias (1)
- Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) (1)
- Höchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung (1)
- Höhle (1)
- I/O efficiency (1)
- ICAM-1 (1)
- ICD (1)
- ICD-11 (1)
- ICD11 (1)
- ICT (1)
- ICT Engagement (1)
- IDH1 inhibitor (1)
- IDO1 (1)
- IFA (1)
- IFN-γ expression (1)
- IKKε (1)
- IL-1β (1)
- IL-6 (1)
- IS post-adoption (1)
- ISPCE (1)
- ISR (1)
- IT infrastructure (1)
- IV estimation (1)
- IV iron (1)
- IVD degeneration (IVDD) (1)
- Ibagué (1)
- Identifikation (1)
- Identifizierung von Katastrophenopfern (1)
- Idiopathische Dystonie (1)
- IgG (1)
- Illegal wildlife trade (1)
- Image (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Image processing (computer-assisted) (1)
- Imam (1)
- Immune function (1)
- Immune suppression (1)
- Immune system (1)
- Immunity (1)
- Immunomodulatory agents (1)
- Immunotherapy (1)
- Implant osseointegration (1)
- Implementación (1)
- Implementation (1)
- Impostor phenomenon (1)
- In situ burning (1)
- In vivo (1)
- Incentives (1)
- Incremental validity (1)
- Incurred loss model (1)
- Index effect (1)
- Index investing (1)
- Index rebalancing (1)
- Individual (1)
- Individual investors (1)
- Indivíduo (1)
- Induced membrane technique (1)
- Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (1)
- Induction chemotherapy (1)
- Industrial psychologists (1)
- Inequality (1)
- Inertial motion capture (1)
- Infectious diseases (1)
- Infektionen (1)
- Infektionsdynamik (1)
- Inferior colliculus (1)
- Inflammatory bowel disease (1)
- Inflammatory pattern (1)
- Information Frictions (1)
- Infrastruktur (1)
- Inhibitory balance (1)
- Inhibitory interneurons (1)
- Injury (1)
- Injury Severity Score (ISS) (1)
- Inklusive Bildung (1)
- Inklusive Hochschule (1)
- Innate immunity (1)
- Innenstadtverträglichkeit (1)
- Institutionelle Diskriminierung (1)
- Instructional quality (1)
- Instrumentalism (1)
- Integral Geometry (1)
- Integrated Pulmonary Index (1)
- Integritätsschutz (1)
- Intellectual History (1)
- IntelliCage (1)
- Intelligence (1)
- Intensive care (1)
- Interdealer Brokerage (1)
- Interdisciplinary research (1)
- Interdisziplinarität (1)
- Interferons (1)
- Interim Report (1)
- Internal Controls (1)
- International Law (1)
- International cooperation (1)
- International relations (1)
- Internationale Beziehungen (1)
- Internationale Institutionen (1)
- Internationalisierung (1)
- Interoperability (1)
- Interposition (1)
- Interpretation (1)
- Interstitial pneumonia (1)
- Intoxication (1)
- Intoxikation (1)
- Intravenous antibiotic therapy (1)
- Intravenous injections (1)
- Inversion (1)
- Invertebrates (1)
- Investor behavior (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ion transport (1)
- Ipomoea beninensis (1)
- Iran (1)
- Ireb2 (1)
- Iron (1)
- Islamische Religionspädagogik (1)
- Islamische Theologie (1)
- Islamismus (1)
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase (1)
- Issue congruence (1)
- Izu-Bonin forearc (1)
- JIP-test (1)
- JNK (1)
- Japan (1)
- Jeanne d’Arc (1)
- Jet substructure (1)
- Job Match Quality (1)
- Jobticket (1)
- Joint actions (1)
- Joint loading (1)
- Journalismus (1)
- Jumping (1)
- Justification (1)
- K-homology RNA-binding domain (1)
- KI (1)
- KOOS IV (1)
- Kalkulation (1)
- Kampagne (1)
- Kamu Yönetimi (1)
- Karité (1)
- Kategorienarten (1)
- Ki-67/MIB1 (1)
- Ki67 transgenic c‐myc/TGFα mice (1)
- Kidney diseases (1)
- Kidney neoplasm (1)
- Kierkegaard (1)
- Kinase inhibitors (1)
- Kinder (1)
- Kinderbonus (1)
- Kinderrechte (1)
- Kinderrechtskonvention (1)
- Kinderwunsch (1)
- Kinematic analysis (1)
- Knees (1)
- Kognitive Beeinträchtigungen (1)
- Kohäsion (1)
- Kompetenzmodell (1)
- Konflikt (1)
- Konjunkturpolitik (1)
- Konsum (1)
- Kontexteinheit (1)
- Konzeptpapier (1)
- Kooperationsmodell (1)
- Kordyana (1)
- Krahl (1)
- Krankenhausfallaufkommen (1)
- Krankheit (1)
- Krankheitskosten (1)
- Krise (1)
- Kritische Theorie (1)
- Kultur (1)
- Kunstgeschichte (1)
- Kunstkritik (1)
- Kunstmarkt (1)
- Kur River Basin (1)
- Kursbuch (1)
- König, Johann (1)
- Körpermaße (1)
- Körpermodifizierung (1)
- K–12 (1)
- L-DOPA (1)
- LBP (1)
- LC3 (1)
- LETKF (1)
- LILBID-MS (1)
- LIR interaction, (1)
- LIR motif (1)
- LPS (1)
- Labor Income Risk (1)
- Lactobacillus (1)
- Lagos (1)
- Lamb waves (1)
- Land cover (1)
- Landarztprogramm (1)
- Langstreckige Knochendefekte (1)
- Language delay (1)
- Late gadolinium enhancement (1)
- Lattice Quantum Field Theory (1)
- Lauterkeitsrecht (1)
- Law (1)
- Law Enforcement (1)
- Law and Finance (1)
- Law and economics (1)
- Law and finance (1)
- Law enforcement (1)
- Learner goals (1)
- Learning analytics dashboard (1)
- Lebensstil (1)
- Lebenszeitverlust (1)
- Left hemisphere (1)
- Legal considerations (1)
- Legitimacy (1)
- Legs (1)
- Lehramt (1)
- Lehramtsausbildung (1)
- Lehrer*innenbildung (1)
- Lehrerbildung (1)
- Lehrerfortbildung (1)
- Lehrerprofession (1)
- Lenkungsabgabe (1)
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (1)
- Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments) (1)
- Lernen mit Videos (1)
- Leukemia (1)
- Leukämie (1)
- Leverage (1)
- Liberal Democracy (1)
- Liberdade Social (1)
- Life cycle saving (1)
- Life insurance (1)
- Life-Cycle Model (1)
- Life-Satisfaction (1)
- Ligands (1)
- Light (anti-)(hyper-)nuclei production (1)
- Limonene-3-hydroxylase (1)
- Linkages (1)
- Lipodystrophy (1)
- Lipoxygenase (1)
- Liquid immiscibility (1)
- Liquidity Facilities (1)
- Literatur und Wissen (1)
- Literaturdidaktik (1)
- Literature review (1)
- Liver transplant (1)
- Loan loss accounting (1)
- Loan losses (1)
- Local IgE (1)
- Local allergic rhinitis (1)
- Locally advanced (1)
- Lockdown (1)
- Loco-regional control (1)
- Lodi Vecchio (1)
- Long non-coding RNAs (1)
- Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids (1)
- Longevity (1)
- Longevity risk (1)
- Longitudinal study (1)
- Loranthaceae (1)
- Louis Althusser (1)
- Loving kindness meditation (1)
- Low & intermediate-energy accelerators (1)
- Low-copy nuclear gene (1)
- Low-dose ionizing radiation (1)
- Low-dose radiation therapy (1)
- Lower back pain (1)
- Ludwig Boltzmann (1)
- Lung cancer (1)
- Lung development (1)
- Lung function (1)
- Lung ultrasound (1)
- Lungenerkrankungen (1)
- Luther, Martin (1)
- Lymph nodes (1)
- Lymphocytes (1)
- Lymphoma (1)
- Lysophosphatidic acids (1)
- Längsschnitt (1)
- M. Intracellulare (1)
- M. avium (1)
- M. avium complex (1)
- M. chimaera (1)
- MAGGIC score (1)
- MAPK6 (1)
- MCAO (1)
- MET (1)
- MFS-type tripartite system (1)
- MHC (1)
- MICA (1)
- MM-121 (1)
- MMP14 (1)
- MODY (1)
- MR-spectroscopy (1)
- MS (1)
- MVPA (1)
- MYC (1)
- Machine learning algorithms (1)
- Machine teaching (1)
- Machine-learning (1)
- Macroautophagy (1)
- Macrodomain (1)
- Macroeconomics (1)
- Macrophage polarization (1)
- Mailand (1)
- Mainz (1)
- Malaria (1)
- Mammakarzinom (1)
- Management (1)
- Managerial roles (1)
- Marantaceae (1)
- Marcuse (1)
- Marke (1)
- Markeninszenierung (1)
- Marker genes (1)
- Market Access (1)
- Market Integrity (1)
- Market Microstructure (1)
- Market Oversight (1)
- Market research (1)
- Marketing (1)
- Martin Luther (1)
- Marxian economics (1)
- Masquelet technique (1)
- Mass disaster (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Mass-elite (1)
- Massenkatastrophe (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends (MACE) (1)
- Master Plan 2020 (1)
- Masterplan 2020 (1)
- Materialitäten (1)
- MathCityMap (1)
- Mathematical models (1)
- Mathematics teaching (1)
- Mathematikdidaktik (1)
- Mathematikunterricht (1)
- Mathtrails (1)
- Max Weber (1)
- Maxillofacial surgery (1)
- Maßnahme (1)
- Mdm2 (1)
- Mean erythrocyte volume (1)
- Meaning of work (1)
- Meaningful work (1)
- Meaningful work-role fit (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Mechanistic (1)
- Media Temporality (1)
- Medialität (1)
- Medical education (1)
- Medical implants (1)
- Medical law (1)
- Medical risk factors (1)
- Medical studies (1)
- Medienbildung (1)
- Mediennutzungsforschung (1)
- Medienwissenschaft (1)
- Medienästhetik (1)
- Medizin (1)
- Medizinrecht (1)
- Medizinstudierende (1)
- Medizinstudium (1)
- Mehrwertsteuersenkung (1)
- Meinungsfreiheit (1)
- Meldepflicht (1)
- Membrane potential (1)
- Membrane proteins (1)
- Memoiren (1)
- Memory (1)
- Memory consolidation (1)
- Memory quality (1)
- Menschenrechte (1)
- Menschenwürde (1)
- Mental health (1)
- Mental health and psychiatry (1)
- Mental imagery (1)
- Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) (1)
- Mesh (1)
- Mesoporous silica (1)
- Messel Formation (1)
- Messenger RNA (1)
- Metabolic diseases (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metapher (1)
- Metasomatism (1)
- Metastatic (1)
- Methoden (1)
- Methodenpluralismus (1)
- Methodological pluralism (1)
- Methodologie (1)
- Metta (1)
- Mexico (1)
- Mexiko (1)
- Michael acceptor (1)
- Michel Leiris (1)
- Michelsberg (1)
- Micro-Processes (1)
- MicroRNA-181a (1)
- Microbial Rhodopsins (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Microbiome (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Microglial cells (1)
- Microparticles (1)
- Microphysiological models (1)
- Microplastic (1)
- Microstates (1)
- Microthlaspi erraticum (1)
- Middle Miocene (1)
- Midwifery (1)
- Mika Rottenberg (1)
- Mimesis (1)
- Minima Moralia (1)
- Minimally invasive surgical procedures (1)
- Minor injury (1)
- Minutis rectis laws (1)
- Mississippi basin (1)
- Mitigation (1)
- Mitochondrial dysfunction (1)
- Mitophagy (1)
- MitraClip (1)
- Mixed Method Research (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- Mobile (1)
- Mobile Learning (1)
- Mobile platforms (1)
- Mobility design (1)
- Mobilitätsdesign (1)
- Mobilitätserhebung (1)
- Mobilitätsverhalten (1)
- Mobilization (1)
- Model (1)
- Modellierung situationsspezifischer Fähigkeigkeiten (1)
- Modern societies (1)
- Modulprüfung (1)
- Mole-rat (1)
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell Membrane (1)
- Molecular autopsy (1)
- Molecular biology (1)
- Molecular diagnostic testing (1)
- Molecular neuroscience (1)
- Mollusks (1)
- Monetary incentive delay (1)
- Money (1)
- Mongolian spot (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monocytes (1)
- Monoterpenoid (1)
- Monoterpenoid tolerance (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (1)
- Morena, Otto (1)
- Morphologie (1)
- Motivational situation (1)
- Motivationslage (1)
- Motor control (1)
- Motor cortex (1)
- Mouse models (1)
- Mucomaix® matrix (1)
- Muji (1)
- Multidrug-resistance (1)
- Multilateralism (1)
- Multimedication (1)
- Multimorbidity (1)
- Multiparametric MRI (1)
- Multiplate (1)
- Multiple Sklerose (1)
- Multiple stressors (1)
- Multiple-indication review (1)
- Mundellian trilemma (1)
- Mundhöhlenkarzinome (1)
- Muscle functions (1)
- Musculoskeletal diseases (1)
- Museum Giersch Frankfurt (1)
- Museum studies (1)
- Music (1)
- Musical education (1)
- Muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen (1)
- Mutation databases (1)
- Muttermilch (1)
- Mutual information (1)
- Myanmar (1)
- Myocardial infarction (MI) (1)
- Myocardial injury (1)
- Myocardial segmentation (1)
- Myonecrosis (1)
- Música (1)
- Mφs (1)
- N-glycoproteome (1)
- N2 (1)
- N400 (1)
- NAFL (1)
- NATO (1)
- NAV-price-spread (1)
- NCOA4 (1)
- NCoR1 (1)
- NDBI (1)
- NF-κB (1)
- NF-κB pathway (1)
- NF-кB (1)
- NGOs und Machtverhältnisse (1)
- NGS (1)
- NHC (1)
- NIRS (1)
- NK-ZELL-BASIERTER IMMUNTHERAPIE (1)
- NK-ZELLEN (1)
- NKG2D (1)
- NLP (1)
- NLRP3 inflammasomes (1)
- NMES (1)
- NMR solution structure (1)
- NOTCH (1)
- NPH insulin (1)
- NREM sleep (1)
- NRPS engineering (1)
- NS1608 (1)
- NSE (1)
- NSU (1)
- NTM (1)
- Nachtschattengewächs (1)
- Nachwuchsförderung (1)
- Nahes Ausland (1)
- Narendra Modi (1)
- Nascent ventures (1)
- National Socialist Underground (1)
- Nationalsozialismus (1)
- Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund (1)
- Nationalversammlung (1)
- Natur (1)
- Natur und Umwelt (1)
- Natural hazards (1)
- Natural products (1)
- Natural sounds (1)
- Nature Contributions to People (1)
- Nature Valuation (1)
- Nature reserve (1)
- Necrotizing fasciitis (1)
- Negative appendectomy rate (1)
- Nek1 (1)
- Neonatal brain damage (1)
- Neonatal surgery outcome (1)
- Neostriatum (1)
- Nephrectomy (1)
- Nesplora Aquarium (1)
- Network models (1)
- Network motifs (1)
- Networking (1)
- NetzDG (1)
- Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz (1)
- Neue Kriege (1)
- Neural circuits (1)
- Neural networks (1)
- Neurath (1)
- Neurocognition (1)
- Neurodegeneration (1)
- Neurodevelopmental disorders (1)
- Neuron (1)
- Neuronal plasticity (1)
- Neuropathic pain (1)
- Neurophysiology (1)
- Neuropsychological testing (1)
- Neuropsychology (1)
- Neuroscience (1)
- Neurosurgery (1)
- Neurotransmitter (1)
- Nevus of Ito (1)
- Nevus of Ota (1)
- New Development Bank (1)
- New Great Game (1)
- New host (1)
- New product development processes (1)
- New wars (1)
- Next-generation sequencing (1)
- Nf2 (1)
- Niche (1)
- Nichteinmischung (1)
- Nicotine (Nicotiana tabacum/ Nicotiana rustica) (1)
- Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (1)
- Niedrigzinsen (1)
- Nikotin (Nicotiana tabacum/ Nicotiana rustica) (1)
- Nikotinerge Acetylcholinrezeptoren (1)
- Nivolumab (1)
- Nok Culture (1)
- Non Refoulement (1)
- Non-Monetary Surplus Values (1)
- Non-abusive head trauma (NAHT) (1)
- Non-allergic-rhinitis (1)
- Non-apoptotic functions (1)
- Non-clear cell renal cell cancer (1)
- Non-invasive sampling (1)
- Non-motorised travel (1)
- Non-small cell lung cancer (1)
- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (1)
- Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (1)
- Nonlinear Bayesian Estimation (1)
- Nonlocal Neumann conditions (1)
- Nonlocal normal derivative (1)
- Nordic questionnaire (1)
- Normabweichung (1)
- Normal distribution (1)
- Normative Orders (1)
- Normative Ordnung (1)
- Normative Ordnungen (1)
- Normative modeling (1)
- Normative reconstruction (1)
- Normativität (1)
- Notch signaling (1)
- Novel Object Test (1)
- NoxO1 (1)
- Nucleic acid-binding domain (1)
- Nucleocapsid (1)
- Nukleinsäuren (1)
- Number of platelets (1)
- Nutzung (1)
- Nutzungskriterien (1)
- N‐fixer (1)
- O-CAS assay (1)
- OEP80 (1)
- OGTT (1)
- OR time (1)
- OSA (1)
- OTC Markets (1)
- OTSC Proctology (1)
- OTU domain-containing protein 7B (OTUD7B) (1)
- OVKS (1)
- Obduktion (1)
- Oberstufe (1)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (1)
- Obstetrics (1)
- Occurrence (1)
- Offender treatment (1)
- Offline advertising (1)
- Olpidiopsis (1)
- Omar Mukhtar (1)
- Omphalocele (1)
- Oncology (1)
- Online-Forschung (1)
- Online-Umfrage (1)
- Onlineforschung (1)
- Oocytes (1)
- Oomycetes (1)
- Open-end real estate funds (1)
- OpenStreetMap (1)
- Opioids (1)
- Oppositional defant disorder (1)
- Optical properties and devices (1)
- Optimal matching techniques (1)
- Oral anticoagulation (1)
- Oral cancer (1)
- Organisationsentwicklung (1)
- Organische Synthese (1)
- Organizational injustice (1)
- Organoboranes (1)
- Organoids (1)
- Organokatalyse (1)
- Orphan nuclear receptor (1)
- Orthognathic surgery (1)
- Oryctolagus cuniculus (1)
- OspE (1)
- Osteoarthritis (1)
- Osteonecrosis (1)
- Otto, Frisingensis (1)
- Outcomes (1)
- Ovarian cancer treatment (1)
- Ovarielle Reserve (1)
- Ovaries (1)
- Ovartoxizität (1)
- Overwintering (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- PARK2 (1)
- PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) (1)
- PBPK/PD (1)
- PCA (1)
- PD-1 inhibitor (1)
- PDE inhibition (1)
- PDE‐5‐inhibitor (1)
- PEA-15 (1)
- PELDOR/DEER spectroscopy (1)
- PEPP (1)
- PHGDH (1)
- PI3K/mTor inhibition (1)
- PKD (1)
- PKD/IC (1)
- PLSC (1)
- PPEP (1)
- PRNT (1)
- PROM (1)
- PROTAC (1)
- PRRT2 (1)
- PSA screening (1)
- PSA-Screening (1)
- PV loop (1)
- PWI (1)
- PYGL (1)
- Paediatric trauma patients (1)
- Paid search advertising (1)
- Pain (1)
- Pain management (1)
- Pain sensation (1)
- Paleoclimate (1)
- Palliative care (1)
- Panama (1)
- Panthera onca (1)
- Pantürkismus (1)
- Parasitismus (1)
- Parasympathetic (1)
- Paris (1)
- Parking policy (1)
- Parking restrictions (1)
- Parking space (1)
- Parkinson's disease (1)
- Partial chemical equilibrium (1)
- Particle correlations and fluctuations (1)
- Partizipative Lehre (1)
- Passeriformes (1)
- Passive investment (1)
- Patch Clamp (1)
- Patents (1)
- Pathogenesis (1)
- Pathologists (1)
- Patient information materials (1)
- Patient outcome assessment (1)
- Patient reported outcomes (1)
- Patient safety (1)
- Pb isotopes (1)
- Pb–Pb (1)
- Peanut allergy (1)
- Pediatric patients (1)
- Peer Learning (1)
- Peer review (1)
- Pelvic (1)
- Peracarida (1)
- Perception (1)
- Percolation theory (1)
- Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (1)
- Perfect graphs (1)
- Perfectionism (1)
- Perfectionistic concerns (1)
- Perfectionistic strivings (1)
- Performance Metrics (1)
- Pericardial effusion (1)
- Pericarditis (1)
- Periodontitis grades B and C (1)
- Periprocedural anticoagulation (1)
- Permeation and transport (1)
- Peronospora belbahrii (1)
- Peronospora lamii (1)
- Peronospora salviae-officinalis (1)
- Peronosporaceae (1)
- Perrault syndrome (1)
- Persistent and Transitory Income Shocks (1)
- Persistent depressive disorder (1)
- Personal (1)
- Personality traits (1)
- Persönlichkeit (1)
- Pexophagy (1)
- Pgrmc1 (1)
- Phalangeal fractures (1)
- Pharma Management (1)
- Pharmaceutical (1)
- Pharmacology (1)
- Phase I clinical trial (1)
- Phase II trial (1)
- Phase rotors (1)
- Phase transitions (1)
- Phenotypic plasticity (1)
- Philemon and Baucis (1)
- Philemon und Baucis (1)
- Phosphoproteome (1)
- Photon counting (1)
- Physical activity (1)
- Physical chemistry (1)
- Physician-assisted suicide (1)
- Physicians (1)
- Physics (1)
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling (1)
- Pim-1 (1)
- Plant collections (1)
- Plantagearbeiter (1)
- Plantation workers (1)
- Plasma transfusion (1)
- Plasma usage (1)
- Plastic polymers (1)
- Platelet-rich fibrin (1)
- Platinum-group elements (1)
- Plecoptera (1)
- Pliocene–Pleistocene (1)
- Podospora anserina (1)
- Poecilia (1)
- Pokémon Go (1)
- Policy Analysis (1)
- Policy Effects (1)
- Policy measures in the EU (1)
- Policy preferences (1)
- Policy recommendations (1)
- Political violence (1)
- Politikberatung (1)
- Politikwissenschaft (1)
- Politische Gewalt (1)
- Politische Kollektivität (1)
- Politische Soziologie (1)
- PolySUMOylation (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polygenic risk score (1)
- Polypedates (1)
- Polypharmacy (1)
- Polysomnography (1)
- Polytrauma (1)
- Pond snail (1)
- Poor literacy (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Populismus (1)
- Portable XRF (1)
- Portal hypertension (1)
- Portal veins (1)
- Portfolio (1)
- Position of Antecedent strategy (1)
- Positive polynomials (1)
- Positive reinforcement training (1)
- Post mortem interval (1)
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (1)
- Postdemokratie (1)
- Posture (1)
- Postwachstum (1)
- Potential analysis (1)
- Pp (1)
- Ppk (1)
- Praktisches Jahr (1)
- Pre-service PE teacher education (1)
- PreS1 deletion (1)
- Precipitation inhibition (1)
- Preclinical drug development (1)
- Predictability (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Predictive Policing (1)
- Predictive coding (1)
- Predictive validity (1)
- Preference Stability (1)
- Preference for early resolution of uncertainty (1)
- Preisdifferenzierung (1)
- Preisdiskriminierung (1)
- Premotor cortex (1)
- Presidential Debate (1)
- Pressure distribution (1)
- Pressure measuring plate (1)
- Prevalence (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Pre‐Ligand Assembly Domain (PLAD) (1)
- Price differentiation (1)
- Price discrimination (1)
- Pricing (1)
- Primary breast lymphoma (1)
- Primary care (1)
- Primary health care (1)
- Private Altersvorsorge (1)
- Private equity (1)
- Private ordering (1)
- Privatsphäre (1)
- Privatwirtschaft (1)
- Privileg (1)
- Probability density (1)
- Probability distribution (1)
- Procalcitonin (1)
- Procedural skills (1)
- Proceduralism (1)
- Process Capability (1)
- Process Performance (1)
- Process Validation (1)
- Productivity and Growth (1)
- Profession (1)
- Professional competence (1)
- Professional development program (1)
- Professionelle Handlungskompetenz (1)
- Professions (1)
- Profits and distribution (1)
- Progestatifs synthétiques (1)
- Prolonged grief disorder (1)
- Promoting young researchers (1)
- Prostata-specific antigen (1)
- Prostataspezifisches Antigen (1)
- Prostate cancer (1)
- Protease inhibitor therapy (1)
- Proteasome inhibitor (1)
- Protein Kinase (1)
- Protein Structure and Dynamics (1)
- Protein druggability (1)
- Protein folding (1)
- Protein translation (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Protest (1)
- Protestantism (1)
- Proton-proton collisions (1)
- Prototypes (1)
- Proust (1)
- Prudential filter (1)
- Prudential oversight (1)
- Präanalytik (1)
- Prävention (1)
- Pseudomonas putida (1)
- Pseudoprogression (1)
- Pseudouridine (1)
- Pseudouridylation (1)
- Psycho-oncology (1)
- Psychological and psychosocial issues (1)
- Psychological disorders (1)
- Psychological stress (1)
- Psychologische Beeinträchtigung (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Psychopharmaka (1)
- Psychosocial impact (1)
- Pteridine (1)
- Public Administration (1)
- Public Transport (1)
- Public-Private Partnerships (1)
- Pulmonary edema (1)
- Pulmonary embolism (1)
- Pulmonary hypertension (1)
- Pulmonary hypoplasia (1)
- Puromycin (1)
- Put-back (1)
- Pyramidal neurons (1)
- Pyrolysis GC–MS (1)
- Pädagogische Professionalität (1)
- Pérdida (1)
- QCA (1)
- QCD Phenomenology (1)
- QCD equation of state (1)
- QOL (1)
- Qb-Test (1)
- QbTest® (1)
- Qualitative research (1)
- Quality Control (1)
- Quality control (1)
- Quality indicators (1)
- Qualitätsindikatoren (1)
- Quantenphysik (1)
- Quantitative (q)T2 mapping (1)
- Quantitative easing (1)
- Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- Quantitative research (1)
- Quantra (1)
- Quarantine (1)
- Questionnaire (1)
- Questionnaires (1)
- Quinolones (1)
- R406 (1)
- RAS (1)
- RBC (1)
- RBFOX1 (1)
- RDA, Digital Object Architecture (1)
- RDoC (1)
- REM sleep (1)
- RIPK1 (1)
- RNA chaperone (1)
- RNA induced silencing complex (1)
- RNA recognition (1)
- RNA therapeutics (1)
- RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) (1)
- RNA-protein complex (RNP) (1)
- RNA-seq (1)
- RNAseq analysis (1)
- RNF4 (1)
- RNP dynamics (1)
- RRMS (1)
- RUCAM (1)
- RULA (1)
- Rab27a (1)
- Radiation exposure (1)
- Radical cystectomy (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Radiothérapie (1)
- Rain (1)
- Rainer Forst (1)
- Ramadan (1)
- Random graphs (1)
- Randomised trial (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Randomized controlled trials (1)
- Randomized trial (1)
- Rapid diagnostic test (1)
- Rapid rotation (1)
- Rational agency (1)
- Raum (1)
- Raunkiær (1)
- Reaction times (1)
- Real-time phase contrast (1)
- Realismus (1)
- Reallabor (1)
- Reallocation (1)
- Reason (1)
- Reasoning (1)
- Recht (1)
- Rechtliche Würdigung (1)
- Rechtsschutz (1)
- Recognition memory (1)
- Recolonization (1)
- Reconstrução normativa (1)
- Rectal cancer (1)
- Reference values (1)
- Referenzwerte (1)
- Referrals (1)
- Reflections (1)
- Reflexive polytopes (1)
- Reflexivität (1)
- Reflexões (1)
- Refractory ALL (1)
- Refractory AML (1)
- Refugee Protection (1)
- RegJoint™ (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Region Hannover (1)
- Regional Laplacian (1)
- Regret (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Regulatory Affairs (1)
- Reintroduction (1)
- Relativistic heavy-ion collisions (1)
- Relaxometrie (1)
- Relações sociais e políticas (1)
- Reliability (1)
- Religionspädagogik (1)
- Renaissance (1)
- Renal replacement therapy (1)
- Representación (1)
- Reproduktionszahlen (1)
- Repräsentationen (1)
- Republican coinage (1)
- Requirements (1)
- Rescue medication (1)
- Research & Development (1)
- Research Data Alliance (1)
- Research Data Management rights copyright (1)
- Research Infrastructure (1)
- Research and market linkages (1)
- Research investment (1)
- Research methods (1)
- Resolution (1)
- Respiratory distress syndrome (1)
- Resting-state (1)
- Retinal diseases (1)
- Retinoic acid (1)
- Retirement (1)
- Retirement Welfare (1)
- Retrospective studies (1)
- Return to work (1)
- Review (1)
- Reward (1)
- Rezension (1)
- Rezidiv (1)
- Rhabdomyosarkom (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- Rhodococcus rhodnii (1)
- Ribonucleoproteins (1)
- Riester-Rente (1)
- Right hemisphere (1)
- Risk Attitudes (1)
- Risk Aversion (1)
- Risk Pooling (1)
- Risk Preferences (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Risk factors (1)
- Risk sharing (1)
- Risk-stratification (1)
- Robert Kurz (1)
- Robot acceptance (1)
- Robotik (1)
- RogueBlock (1)
- Romanistik (1)
- Rome (1)
- Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (1)
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (1)
- Rule of Law (1)
- Running (1)
- Rush protocol (1)
- Russland (1)
- Récidive (1)
- République romaine (1)
- Réserve ovarienne (1)
- Rücklaufquote (1)
- S100b (1)
- S1P lyase (1)
- S1P receptors (1)
- S1P1–5 (1)
- S1PR4 (1)
- SAR (1)
- SARS‐CoV‐2 (1)
- SCA2 (1)
- SCN5A (1)
- SEAP (1)
- SENP (1)
- SENP6 (1)
- SF-36 (1)
- SIDS (1)
- SIRS (1)
- SKI II (1)
- SLC20A1 (1)
- SLUG (1)
- SMAD (1)
- SMART targets (1)
- SNORD95 (1)
- SOFI (1)
- SOZ (1)
- SPAD (1)
- SPAdes (1)
- SPC (1)
- SPR (1)
- SPSS (1)
- STAT3 (1)
- STS (1)
- SUMO (1)
- SUMO chains (1)
- SWOT (1)
- Safety (1)
- Saha equation (1)
- Sales (1)
- Sammelalben (1)
- Sammelbilder (1)
- Sammlungsgeschichte (1)
- Sarcoidosis (1)
- Sarcomas (1)
- Sarkoidose (1)
- Saudi Arabia (1)
- Scaffold (1)
- Scales (1)
- Schadensindex (1)
- Schibutterbaum (1)
- Schizokinen (1)
- Schlaganfall (1)
- Schmerz (1)
- Schule (1)
- Schulentwicklung (1)
- Schulforschung (1)
- Schulleitung (1)
- Schwefelwasserstoff (1)
- Schweiz (1)
- Schädel-MRT (1)
- Schüler (1)
- Search Frictions (1)
- Seattle heart failure model (1)
- Second Law of Thermodynamics (1)
- Second Punic War (1)
- Second donation (1)
- Second-order cone (1)
- Secondary market (1)
- Secular trend (1)
- Security (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Selbstmordpakt (1)
- Self-Congruity Theory (1)
- Self-compassion (1)
- Self-esteem (1)
- Self-expandable TAVI (1)
- Self-kindness (1)
- Self-regulated learning (1)
- Seltene Erkrankungen (1)
- Semantics (1)
- Semitendinosus tendon autograft (1)
- Sens du travail (1)
- Sense-making (1)
- Sensitivität (1)
- Sensorimotor processing (1)
- Sensory processing (1)
- Sentiment Analysis (1)
- Sepsis (1)
- Sequence analyses (1)
- Sequence motif analysis (1)
- Seribantumab (1)
- Serin (1)
- Serious injured children (1)
- Seroconverter (1)
- Seroprevalence (1)
- Serum biomarker (1)
- Sex (1)
- Sexual offenders (1)
- Sexualstraftäter (1)
- Sharp injuries (1)
- Shea (1)
- Shopping centres (1)
- Shotgun sequencing (1)
- Shoulder injury (1)
- Shoulder luxation (1)
- Sialic acid (1)
- Sialinsäure (1)
- Sicherheit (1)
- Side effects (1)
- Siegfried Kracauer (1)
- Signal inhibition (1)
- Signal intensity (1)
- Signed Birkhoff polytopes (1)
- Signs and symptoms (1)
- Silacyclobutenes (1)
- Silanide (1)
- Silicon (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silylation (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Single question approach (1)
- Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) (1)
- Sinn in der Arbeit (1)
- Sinnvolle Arbeit (1)
- Skewness (1)
- Skin morphology (1)
- Slc11a2 (1)
- Slc25a37 (1)
- Sleep (1)
- Sleep deprivation (1)
- Smac mimetic (1)
- Small molecules (1)
- Smart City (1)
- Smart Contracts (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Social Networks (1)
- Social System (1)
- Social and political relations (1)
- Social anxiety disorder (1)
- Social behaviour (1)
- Social brain (1)
- Social differences (1)
- Social freedom (1)
- Social information processing (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Social participation (1)
- Social signaling (1)
- Social stressors (1)
- Social support (1)
- Sociedade Administrada (1)
- Sociedades modernas (1)
- Society Administered (1)
- Socio-economic analysis (1)
- Socioeconomic analysis (1)
- Socioeconomic indices (1)
- Sociologie du travail (1)
- Sociology (1)
- Sociology of work (1)
- Sodium transport (1)
- Soft tissue infection (1)
- SoftDrop (1)
- Software tools (1)
- Software updates (1)
- Solanaceae (1)
- Solanum lycopersicum (1)
- Solanum lycopersicum L. (1)
- Solid Oral Dosage Forms (1)
- Solid dispersion (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Sorting nexins (1)
- Southeast Asia (1)
- Southern Ndebele (1)
- Southern Ocean (1)
- Sovereign credit risk (1)
- Soziale Bewegungen (1)
- Soziale Interaktionen (1)
- Sozialontologie (1)
- Sozialwissenschaften (1)
- Spanien (1)
- Spanish (1)
- Spanish reproductive bioeconomy (1)
- Speech (1)
- Spezifität (1)
- Spine fractures (1)
- Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (1)
- Splitting function (1)
- Sportlehrkräftebildung (1)
- Sports and exercise medicine (1)
- Sprachbiographie (1)
- Spracherwerb (1)
- Sprachförderkompetenz (1)
- Sprachförderung (1)
- Sprachkompetenz (1)
- Sraffian economics (1)
- StUbL (1)
- Staatsangehörigkeitsrecht (1)
- Staatskollaps (1)
- Staatszerfall (1)
- Stadt (1)
- Stadtentwicklung (1)
- Stage at presentation (1)
- Stage model (1)
- Stages (1)
- Staging mobilities (1)
- Standard dataset (1)
- Standard reference values (1)
- Standard value (1)
- Stanley Cavell (1)
- Start-ups (1)
- State collapse (1)
- State of Control (1)
- Statisitcal Control (1)
- Statisitcal Process Control Chart (1)
- Statistical data (1)
- Statistical multifragmentation models (1)
- Statistical theory and fluctuations (1)
- Status epilepticus (1)
- Stauferzeit (1)
- Stay-Home (1)
- Stem cell (1)
- Stem cells (1)
- Stereoelektroenzephalographie (1)
- Stereotaxie (1)
- Sternenbild (1)
- Sterols (1)
- Steuer (1)
- Stichtagserhebung (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Stock Markets (1)
- Stock market wealth (1)
- Stockholding (1)
- Stratosphere (1)
- Streptokokken (1)
- Stress (1)
- Striatum (1)
- Stroke genetics (1)
- Structural biology (1)
- Structural protein (1)
- Structured retail products (1)
- Student-facing learning analytics (1)
- Studienentscheidung (1)
- Studierende (1)
- Städtische soziale Bewegungen (1)
- Störfaktoren (1)
- Sub-segmentation (1)
- Sub-zero exposure (1)
- Subjective Well-Being (1)
- Subterranean (1)
- Subvalent compounds (1)
- Sudden death (1)
- Sudden infant death syndrome (1)
- Sums of non-negative circuit polynomials (1)
- Sunitinib (1)
- Supersaturation (1)
- Supervisory Achitecture (1)
- Supported Decision-making (1)
- Supreme court ruling (1)
- Surface range (1)
- Surface water (1)
- Surgeons (1)
- Surgery (1)
- Surgical and invasive medical procedures (1)
- Surgical therapy (1)
- Surrealism (1)
- Survey (1)
- Suspension (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainable Investments (1)
- Svalbard (1)
- Swallowing (1)
- Swimming behavior (1)
- Syllables (1)
- Symbolik des Bösen (1)
- Sympathetic (1)
- Symptome (1)
- Synaptic plasticity (1)
- Synaptic transmission (1)
- Synchronization (1)
- Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (1)
- Synthetic methods (1)
- Synthetische Gestagene (1)
- Systematic reviews (1)
- Systematics (1)
- Systematik (1)
- Szientometrie (1)
- Säkularer Trend (1)
- T cell receptor (1)
- T cells (1)
- T-Zellen (1)
- T-cell receptor (1)
- T-tubule system (1)
- T1 and T2 mapping (1)
- T2 (1)
- TAMs (1)
- TAPSE (1)
- TBK1 (1)
- TBSS (1)
- TDM (1)
- TGF-beta (1)
- TGF-β (1)
- TGFβ (1)
- TGR(mREN2)27 (1)
- THV (1)
- THz detection (1)
- TIC (1)
- TLR2/6 (1)
- TPACK (1)
- TPSC (1)
- TRIMs (1)
- TRPA1 (1)
- TSC22D3 (1)
- TVT (1)
- Tabakkonsum (1)
- Tabanidae (1)
- Tabanus (1)
- Tagging (1)
- Tamponade (1)
- Target validation (1)
- Targeted sequencing (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Tchad (1)
- Teacher-Education (1)
- Teachers’ Beliefs (1)
- Technik (1)
- Technique (1)
- Temsirolimus (1)
- Tendon incontinence repair (1)
- Tendon transplantation (1)
- Tendons (1)
- Tennis player (1)
- Teoria do Cinema (1)
- TeraFET (1)
- Terahertz optics (1)
- Terminology (1)
- Terpenoid (1)
- Terrorismus (1)
- Test assay (1)
- Testung situationsspezifischer Fähigkeiten (1)
- Text Annotation (1)
- Text2Scene (1)
- TextAnnotator (1)
- Textverstehen (1)
- Tfrc (1)
- Theater (1)
- Themenklassifikation (1)
- Theodor W. Adorno (1)
- Theologie (1)
- Theorie (1)
- Theorie-Praxis-Verzahnung (1)
- Therapie (1)
- Therapies (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thermoanaerobacter kivui (1)
- Thermoregulation (1)
- Thin slices ratings (1)
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (1)
- Thrombozytenkonzentrat (1)
- Thrombozytentransfusion (1)
- Thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (1)
- Tigers (1)
- Tigray (1)
- Time Preferences (1)
- Tissue engineering (1)
- Toc75-V (1)
- Tocilizumab (1)
- Todesart (1)
- Toll-like receptor (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Tonsillitis (1)
- Tontines (1)
- Topologische Zustände (1)
- Torque (1)
- Total hip arthroplasty (1)
- Touchscreen (1)
- Toxic units (1)
- Toxicité ovarienne (1)
- Trade sales (1)
- Trading restrictions (1)
- Trading strategy (1)
- Training history (1)
- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (1)
- Transcription regulation (1)
- Transcriptional regulatory elements (1)
- Transcriptome analysis (1)
- Transferzahlungen (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transformation problem (1)
- Transfusion practice (1)
- Transfusionszwischenfall (1)
- Transgenic mice (1)
- Transitional cell carcinoma (1)
- Translation proteomics (1)
- Transportation (1)
- Trastorno de duelo complejo persistente (1)
- TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) (1)
- Travail et subjectivité (1)
- Travail intéressant (1)
- Travel behaviour (1)
- Treatment costs (1)
- Treatment effectiveness (1)
- Treatment modification (1)
- Treatment rates (1)
- Treg (1)
- Treg cell (1)
- Trend Analysis (1)
- Triatominae (1)
- Triel (1)
- Tropical geometry (1)
- Trump (1)
- Trustworthiness (1)
- Trypanosoma cruzi (1)
- Tumor marker (1)
- Tumor microenvironment (1)
- Tumormarker (1)
- Tumormikromilieu (1)
- Type 2 diabetes (1)
- Type of death (1)
- Typicality (1)
- Técnica (1)
- Türkei (1)
- Türkenwelt (1)
- U2-OS (1)
- UBA domain (1)
- UBL (1)
- UDRP (1)
- UGP-Richtlinie (1)
- ULK4 (1)
- UPPS (1)
- USA (1)
- USP28 (1)
- UV/Vis spectroscopy (1)
- UWG (1)
- Ubiquitin (1)
- Ubiquitin ligase (1)
- Ubiquitinome (1)
- Udachnaya pipe (1)
- Ulcerative colitis (1)
- Ultra-rush protocol (1)
- Ultrakalte Quantengase (1)
- Umfrage (1)
- Umpolung (1)
- Umweltfreundliche Stadtpolitik (1)
- Unc-51-like kinase (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Unconditional polytopes (1)
- Unconventional Monetary policy (1)
- Undergraduate education (1)
- Undergraduates (1)
- Unfälle (1)
- Unimodular triangulations (1)
- Uniqlo (1)
- Unity (1)
- Universität (1)
- Unternehmen (1)
- Unterrichtsvideos (1)
- Upper body posture (1)
- Urban Studies (1)
- Urban development (1)
- Urban neighborhood (1)
- Urbanism (1)
- Urca processes (1)
- Urheberpersönlichkeitsrecht (1)
- Urmia Lake (1)
- Urnfield Culture (1)
- Urothelial cancer (1)
- Ursus arctos (1)
- Utopy (1)
- VHH (1)
- VIGALL (1)
- VIH/sida (1)
- VIM (1)
- VLA4 (1)
- VLCC (1)
- Validitätsbedrohungen (1)
- Valuation Theory (1)
- Valuation on functions (1)
- Value (1)
- Values (1)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (1)
- Vascularization (1)
- Veins (1)
- Venous thromboembolism (1)
- Ventricular arrhythmia (1)
- Ventricular arrhythmias (1)
- Venture capital (1)
- Venue Choice (1)
- Verdopplungszeit (1)
- Verfahren der Zeichenprozessierung (1)
- Verfassung (1)
- Verfassungskultur (1)
- Verhalten (1)
- Verkehrsverhalten (1)
- Verlustrücktrag (1)
- Vernakularisierung und Aushandlungsprozesse (1)
- Verstehen (1)
- Vertrauen (1)
- Vespid venom allergy (1)
- Videorasterstereography (1)
- Vietnam (1)
- Vincentius, Pragensis (1)
- Visual analysis (1)
- Visual word recognition (1)
- Vmem (1)
- Vocalization (1)
- Volk (1)
- Vollerhebung (1)
- Volmer–Weber growth (1)
- Volume therapy (1)
- Volumetrie (1)
- Volunteer donor (1)
- Vorsorgeuntersuchung (1)
- Vorstellungen von Lehrkräften (1)
- Voting advice applications (1)
- Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) (1)
- WAF (1)
- WIPO Alert (1)
- WaterGAP (1)
- Watertight Dural closure (1)
- Wealth shocks (1)
- Wearable cardioverter‐defibrillator (1)
- Web (1)
- Weimarer Reichsverfassung (1)
- Well-being (1)
- Werbung (1)
- Werkbegriff (1)
- Werkvernichtung (1)
- Western Kenya (1)
- Western Mediterranean (1)
- Western blot (1)
- Western diet (1)
- Wiederherstellungsansprüche (1)
- Wilhelm von Bode (1)
- Willingness to pay (1)
- Winter survival (1)
- Wirtschaft (1)
- Wissen und Wahrnehmung der Einheimischen (1)
- Wissenschaftsrat (1)
- Wissenschaftstheorie (1)
- Wohnungspolitik (1)
- Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (1)
- Word2vec (1)
- Work and subjectivity (1)
- Work engagement (1)
- Work orientations (1)
- Workplace ergonomics (1)
- World Health Organization (WHO) (1)
- Wound care (1)
- Wound healing (1)
- Wounds (1)
- Wundversorgung (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- XRF analysis (1)
- Xenorhabdus (1)
- X‐ray diffraction (1)
- YM155 (1)
- YWHAE (1)
- YWHAZ (1)
- Year of practical training (1)
- Yeast (1)
- Yellow fluorescent protein (1)
- ZF-L (1)
- Zajonc (1)
- Zentralasien (1)
- Zigarettenalben (1)
- Zigarettenbilder (1)
- Zink (1)
- Ziviler Ungehorsam (1)
- Zivilgesellschaft (1)
- Zolpidem (1)
- Zulu (1)
- [18F]FET PET (1)
- aDGVM (1)
- aDGVM2 (1)
- abduction (1)
- abelian differentials (1)
- abnormality detection (1)
- abuse (1)
- abuso (1)
- academic medicine (1)
- accessibility hierarchy (1)
- acculturation (1)
- acetogen (1)
- acetylation (1)
- acetylcholine (1)
- acetylcholinesterase (1)
- acid dentine lysate (1)
- acidosis (1)
- acoustic emission (1)
- acquired drug resistance (1)
- acquisition of sentence structure (1)
- actin dynamics (1)
- action sounds (1)
- actionism (1)
- activated clotting time measurement (1)
- activities of daily life (1)
- activity-based benefits (1)
- acupuncture (1)
- acute coronary syndromes (1)
- acute decompensation (1)
- acute decompensation of cirrhosis (1)
- acute kidney injury (1)
- acute myeloid leukaemia (1)
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (1)
- acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) (1)
- acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (1)
- adaptive cardiac remodelling (1)
- adaptive immunity (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- adenovirus (1)
- adhesion (1)
- adiabatic saturation (1)
- adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (1)
- adjuncts (1)
- adjuvante Krebstherapie (1)
- admixture inference (1)
- adolescentes (1)
- adoptive cancer immunotherapy (1)
- adrenoceptors (1)
- adult and elderly patients (1)
- advanced care planning (1)
- adverse events (1)
- advertising (1)
- aerobic exercise (1)
- aerodynamics (1)
- aesthetic reasons (1)
- aesthetics (1)
- affect (1)
- affective disorder (1)
- affective disorders (1)
- affective flexibility (1)
- affinity purification (1)
- aftercare structures (1)
- agaricomycetes (1)
- age (1)
- age differences (1)
- agency (1)
- agent-based modeling (1)
- aggressiveness (1)
- agriculture (1)
- air flow (1)
- alcohol use disorder (1)
- alcoholic hepatitis (1)
- aldehydes (1)
- aleatoric (1)
- algebraic cluster model (1)
- algorithm (1)
- alirocumab (1)
- alkaloid (1)
- alkylation (1)
- allergy (1)
- allocation (1)
- allogeneic donor (1)
- allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (1)
- alpha power (1)
- alpha-galactosidase A deficiency (1)
- alpharetroviral vector (1)
- alpine valley (1)
- alteración por descarga (1)
- alternative Bewertungsformen (1)
- alternative matrices (1)
- alternative oxidase (1)
- alternative performance assessments (1)
- altitude-for-latitude (1)
- ambiguity (1)
- amblyopia (1)
- ames fluctuation assay (1)
- amino acid PET (1)
- amlexanox (1)
- amorphous solid dispersions (1)
- amyloid beta-peptides (1)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (1)
- anabelian geometry (1)
- anaemia walk-in clinic (1)
- anaerobic energy metabolism (1)
- anaerobic metabolism (1)
- anal cancer (1)
- anchor (1)
- anemia (1)
- angiography (1)
- angiokeratoma diffuse (1)
- aniline blue (1)
- animacy (1)
- animal (1)
- animal model (1)
- animal personality (1)
- annual bleeding rate (1)
- anomaly (1)
- anthropology (1)
- anti-chronic myeloid leukemia (1)
- anti-diabetes (1)
- anti-immigrant sentiments (1)
- anti-inflammatory agents (1)
- anti-inflammatory drug (1)
- anti-inflammatory effects (1)
- anti-skin aging (1)
- anti-tumor activity (1)
- antibiotic treatment (1)
- antibody tests (1)
- anticoagulation (1)
- anticolonialism (1)
- anticolonialisme (1)
- antifungals (1)
- antigen (1)
- antigen processing and presentation (1)
- antigenic variation (1)
- antigens of infectious origin (1)
- antilocality (1)
- antioxidant defense (1)
- antioxidants (1)
- antireflux surgery (1)
- antiresorptive agents (1)
- antiseizure (1)
- antiviral (1)
- antiviral peptide (1)
- anxiety disorder (1)
- análisis histórico del discurso (1)
- application programming interface (1)
- aprotinin (1)
- aptamers (1)
- arachidonate 12/15-lipoxygenase (Alox12/15) (1)
- archaeology of Fars (1)
- archeological modeling (1)
- argan trees (1)
- argonaute protein (1)
- argumentation (1)
- arithmetic geometry (1)
- arousal (1)
- art criticism (1)
- artesunate (ART) (1)
- artificial intelligence (1)
- artificial ribonuclease (1)
- ascites (1)
- aspect (1)
- aspiration (1)
- aspirin (1)
- assessment of/for learning (1)
- asset pricing (1)
- asset purchases (1)
- assisted reproductive technologies-ARTs (1)
- asthma (1)
- asthma phenotypes (1)
- astrogliosis (1)
- asylum (1)
- asymptomatic (1)
- ataxia telangiectasia (1)
- athletes (1)
- atopy (1)
- attention module (1)
- attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1)
- attentional focus (1)
- attitudes (1)
- attractive crops (1)
- atypical MAPK kinase (1)
- atypical work (1)
- audience (1)
- audience targeting; (1)
- auditory action effects (1)
- auditory fMRI (1)
- auditory prediction (1)
- auditory processing (1)
- autism (1)
- autism spectrum disorder (1)
- autobiographical reasoning (1)
- autobiography (1)
- autograft (1)
- autoimmune diabetes (1)
- autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (1)
- autoimmune thyroiditis (1)
- autoinhibition (1)
- automatic scoring (1)
- autonomy (1)
- autonomy education (1)
- autoreactivity (1)
- azo compounds (1)
- b-barrel membrane protein (1)
- back pain diagnosis (1)
- background risk (1)
- bacteria (1)
- bacterial microcompartment (1)
- bacterial translocation (1)
- bailout (1)
- balance (1)
- balloon pulmonary angioplasty (1)
- bank capital (1)
- barbell training (1)
- barrel cortex (1)
- barstar (1)
- basal insulin (1)
- baseline (1)
- bed-sharing (1)
- behavioral adverse events (1)
- behavioural syndrome (1)
- benchmark standards (1)
- bereavement (1)
- berotralstat (1)
- beta-diversity turnover (1)
- bicycle use (1)
- biglycan (1)
- bilin-binding photoreceptors (1)
- bio imaging (1)
- bio-enabling formulations (1)
- bioactive lipids (1)
- bioavailability (1)
- biobank (1)
- biocommodities (1)
- biodiversity loss (1)
- bioengineering (1)
- biofuel (1)
- biofuels (1)
- biogeography (1)
- biografia (1)
- biographie (1)
- biography (1)
- biohydrogen (1)
- biological maturation (1)
- biologicals (1)
- bioluminescence (1)
- biomarker study (1)
- biome shifts and transitions (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- biometric risks (1)
- biophysical investigation (1)
- biopolítica (1)
- biopsy naïve (1)
- biotechnology (1)
- biotin (1)
- bio‐enabling formulations (1)
- bipolare Störung (1)
- bladder cancer (BCa) (1)
- bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (1)
- blinatumomab (1)
- blindness and visual impairment (1)
- blood (1)
- blood flow recovery (1)
- blood flow restriction (1)
- blood loss (1)
- blood pressure (1)
- blood transfusion (1)
- blood-brain barrier (1)
- blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (1)
- body dysmorphic disorder (1)
- body plethysmography (1)
- bois d’œuvre (1)
- bone healing (1)
- bone marrow (1)
- bone marrow mononuclear cells (1)
- bone tissue regeneration (1)
- borane (1)
- border control (1)
- boron (1)
- boron heterocycles (1)
- bounded rationality (1)
- brain (1)
- brain anatomy (1)
- brain function (1)
- brain metastases (1)
- brain shift (1)
- brain tumor (1)
- brain-derived neurotrophic factor (1)
- brainstem (1)
- broad-range qPCR (1)
- broadly neutralizing antibodies (1)
- bromeliads (1)
- bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (1)
- buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty (1)
- bundle (1)
- bunker fuel (1)
- burial (1)
- burnout (1)
- business equity (1)
- butyrylcholinesterase (1)
- bypass (1)
- cART (1)
- cBioPortal (1)
- cHL (1)
- caddisflies (1)
- caesarean scar (1)
- caesarean section (1)
- caged ATP (1)
- caged diacylglycerol (1)
- calcium handling (1)
- calcium-sensor (1)
- calentamiento climático (1)
- cancer associated fibroblasts (1)
- cancer immunobiology (1)
- cancer information (1)
- cancer specific survival (1)
- candidates (1)
- candidemia (1)
- canine cancer (1)
- cannabidiol (1)
- cannabinoids (1)
- cannabis (1)
- canonical divisors (1)
- capital liquidations (1)
- capsaicin (1)
- captive management (1)
- capture processes (1)
- car use reduction (1)
- carbapenem resistance (1)
- carbapenemase (1)
- carbon (1)
- carbon capture (1)
- carbon dioxide reduction (1)
- carbon stocks (1)
- carbonates (1)
- carcinoma (1)
- cardiac (1)
- cardiac I/R injury (1)
- cardiac ischaemia‐reperfusion (1)
- cardiac magnetic (1)
- cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- cardiothoracic surgery (1)
- care (1)
- career promotion (1)
- cartel damages (1)
- cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (1)
- caste (1)
- catastrophe bond (1)
- catheter (1)
- cell and focal adhesion (1)
- cell death (1)
- cell fractionation (1)
- cell motility (1)
- cell proliferation (1)
- cell survival (1)
- cells (1)
- cellular immunology (1)
- cellular reaction (1)
- cellular therapy (1)
- central bank independence (1)
- central bank information effect (1)
- central nervous system (1)
- central place (1)
- central vowels (1)
- centralisation (1)
- centralni prostor (1)
- ceramides (1)
- cerebellum (1)
- cerumen (1)
- cervical cancer (1)
- cetuximab-bevacizumab therapy sequence (1)
- champ littéraire (1)
- changes immune activation (1)
- chaperone (1)
- chaperones (1)
- charge transfer (1)
- checklist (1)
- chelation therapy (1)
- chemokine receptor 4 (1)
- chemokines (1)
- chemoprotection (1)
- chemotaxis (1)
- chemotherapeutics-treated (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- chest trauma (1)
- childhood and experience (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- chlorophyta (1)
- cholestasis (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- cholinesterase (1)
- christians (1)
- chromium (1)
- chromosomal aberrations (1)
- chromosome number (1)
- chronic coronary artery disease (1)
- chronic illness (1)
- chronic inflammation (1)
- chronic kidney disease (1)
- chronic liver disease (1)
- chronic low back pain (1)
- chronic metabolic acidosis (1)
- chronic myeloid leukemia (1)
- chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (1)
- chronic total occlusion (1)
- chronische Niereninsuffizienz (1)
- chronische metabolische Azidose (1)
- chronotype (1)
- circuit analysis (1)
- circular dichroism (1)
- circulation (1)
- cisplatin resistance (1)
- cisplatin sensitivity (1)
- cities (1)
- citizenship (1)
- civic education (1)
- class separation (1)
- classical Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- climate warming (1)
- clinical (1)
- clinical benefit (1)
- clinical history (1)
- clinical immunology (1)
- clinical pathways (1)
- clinical study (1)
- clinically important restrictions and symptoms (1)
- cloacal malformation (1)
- clock genes (1)
- clopidogrel (1)
- clustering (1)
- co-crystal (1)
- co-crystallization (1)
- co-sleep (1)
- coaching model (1)
- coaching psychology (1)
- coagulation (1)
- coal (1)
- cochlear implant (1)
- cockroach (1)
- coffee (1)
- cognitive aging (1)
- cognitive conflict (1)
- cognitive decline (1)
- cognitive flexibility (1)
- coherence (1)
- coin hoards (1)
- collaboration (1)
- collagen type I (1)
- collagen-based matrix (1)
- collateral growth (1)
- collective flow (1)
- colon carcinoma (1)
- colorectal cancer (1)
- colorectal cancer (CRC) (1)
- combinatorial biosynthesis (1)
- combined therapy (1)
- commodity (1)
- common genetic variation (1)
- common variants (1)
- communication (1)
- community assembly (1)
- community composition (1)
- comparative oncology (1)
- comparative pathology (1)
- comparison (1)
- competition (1)
- competition fear (1)
- complement; patients (1)
- complex IV (1)
- complex problem-solving (1)
- complicity (1)
- composite structures (1)
- computational biology (1)
- computational chemistry (1)
- computational methods (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- computational neuroimaging (1)
- computational thinking (1)
- computed tomography (1)
- computer vision (1)
- computer-aided diagnosis (1)
- computer-assisted (1)
- conceptual accessibility (1)
- conduct disorder (1)
- confidence (1)
- conflict (1)
- conflict mitigation (1)
- confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- conformation analysis (1)
- connaissances et perceptions locales (1)
- connectedness to nature scale (1)
- consequence (1)
- consequences (1)
- conservation (1)
- consolidation treatment (1)
- constituency (1)
- constituency campaigns (1)
- constitution (1)
- consumption-portfolio decisions (1)
- conséquence (1)
- conséquences (1)
- contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPS) (1)
- contamination (1)
- content analysis (1)
- context unit (1)
- continuing education (1)
- continuous vocational education and training (1)
- continuous vocational education training (1)
- contralateral delay activity (1)
- controversy (1)
- coordinated and multiple views (1)
- coping (1)
- copyright (1)
- corona bonds (1)
- corona crisis (1)
- coronary artery bypass surgery (1)
- coronary artery disease (1)
- coronavirus disease 2019 (1)
- corporate governance (1)
- correlated electrons (1)
- correspondence (1)
- cortex (1)
- cortex, gray matter (1)
- cortical folding (1)
- cortisol (1)
- cortisol secretion (1)
- cosmopolitanism (1)
- cost-of-illness (1)
- coupon collector problem (1)
- covalent drugs (1)
- covalent inhibitors (1)
- covalent reversible inhibition (1)
- cox2 (1)
- cranberry (1)
- creativity (1)
- credit funds (1)
- crepitation (1)
- crepitus (1)
- crisis (1)
- critical care (1)
- critical theory (1)
- critical thinking (1)
- cross fitness (1)
- cross-border political access (1)
- cross-frequency coupling (1)
- cross-section of expected stock returns (1)
- cross-section of stock returns (1)
- cross-valley flow (1)
- crosslinguistic influence (1)
- crowdfunding (1)
- crowding (1)
- cryo-EM (1)
- cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- cryo-electron tomography (1)
- cryogenic electron microscopy (1)
- crystal growth (1)
- cultural imperialism (1)
- culture (1)
- cupriavidus necator (1)
- cycle streets (1)
- cyclin Y (1)
- cyclooxygenase 2 (1)
- cyclophosphamide (1)
- cytarabin (1)
- cytochromes (1)
- cytokine gene expression (1)
- cytokine storm (1)
- cytokine-induced killer cells (1)
- cytotoxic lymphocytes (1)
- damage memory (1)
- dapagliflozin (1)
- dark matter (1)
- data (1)
- data acquisition; high energy physics; FPGA; CBM; FLES (1)
- data assimilation (1)
- data production (1)
- data projection (1)
- data structures (1)
- day clinic (1)
- deadwood experiments (1)
- debris (1)
- deception (1)
- decision support systems (1)
- decision-making (1)
- declaration of tobacco ingredients (1)
- declinación rápida de abundancia (1)
- decomposition (1)
- decorin (1)
- deep fascia (1)
- deep learning (1)
- deep mutational scanning (1)
- deep sedation (1)
- deferred treatment (1)
- delayed auditory feedback (1)
- delayed treatment (1)
- deletion mutant (1)
- deliberation (1)
- deliberative democracy (1)
- deliberative systems (1)
- delta oscillations (1)
- demineralized bone matrix (1)
- democratic equality (1)
- democratic legitimacy (1)
- demography (1)
- dendritic cells (1)
- density maps (1)
- density oscillations (1)
- density visualization (1)
- dental assistants (1)
- dental emergency treatment (1)
- dentin adhesives (1)
- dentist (1)
- dentistry (1)
- dentists (1)
- depressive symptoms (1)
- depressive symptoms clusters (1)
- desired affect (1)
- detoxification (1)
- deubiquitinase (DUB) (1)
- deubiquitinating enzyme (1)
- deubiquitylation (deubiquitination) (1)
- developers (1)
- developmental stages (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diabetes therapy (1)
- diagenesis (1)
- diagnosis (1)
- diagnostic algorithm (1)
- diagnostic test (1)
- dialectal variation (1)
- dialectics (1)
- dialectique (1)
- dielectrons (1)
- diet (1)
- differential scanning fluorimetry (1)
- differentiation (1)
- diffusion of norms (1)
- diffusion tensor imaging (1)
- digital communications (1)
- digital pathology (1)
- digital space (1)
- dignity (1)
- dignité (1)
- dihydroceramide (1)
- dimension reduction (1)
- dimuon (1)
- direct objects (1)
- directors (1)
- disability studies (1)
- disadvantaged groups (1)
- discharge alteration (1)
- discrimination (1)
- disease modelling (1)
- disease models (1)
- dislocation (1)
- dispersal (1)
- disproportionate information processing (1)
- dissipation (1)
- distality (1)
- distribution pattern (1)
- diuretics (1)
- diurnal cycle (1)
- diversity (1)
- divorce (1)
- docking domains (1)
- docking studies (1)
- documentary method (1)
- dog study (1)
- domination (1)
- donor safety (1)
- doppelt-hermeneutische Perspektive (1)
- dorsal root ganglia (1)
- double hierarchical model (1)
- doubling time (1)
- drought (1)
- drought index (1)
- drug abstinence (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug‐resistant epilepsy (1)
- drug–drug interaction (DDI) (1)
- družbena teorija (1)
- dryland environments (1)
- dual BET/HDAC inhibitor (1)
- dual antiplatelet therapy (1)
- dual focus (1)
- dynamical Higgs effect (1)
- dynamics (1)
- dysbiosis (1)
- dysferlin (1)
- dysferlinopathy (1)
- dysphagia (1)
- e-Health (1)
- e-health (1)
- e-scooter (1)
- eHealth (1)
- ePortfolio (1)
- early detection (1)
- early myocardial damage (EMD) (1)
- early recognition (1)
- early second language acquisition (1)
- early warning signs (1)
- earnings (1)
- eclogite (1)
- ecology of fear (1)
- econometrics (1)
- economic burden (1)
- economic nationalism (1)
- economic sanctions (1)
- economics (1)
- education for sustainable development (ESD) (1)
- educational adequacy (1)
- educational aims (1)
- educational equality (1)
- educational justice (1)
- educational qualification (1)
- educational resources (1)
- effect mechanism (1)
- effectiveness (1)
- efficacy (1)
- effort (1)
- egalitarian liberalism (1)
- eggs-öocytes (1)
- eight disorders (1)
- elderly patients (1)
- electoral systems (1)
- electric scooter (1)
- electricity (1)
- electrochemical CO2 reduction (1)
- electroencephalography (EEG), EEG reference choices, event-related potentials (ERP), independent component analysis (ICA), pain research, contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPS) (1)
- electrolytic cleaning (1)
- electromagnetic probes (1)
- electromyostimulation (1)
- electron transport (1)
- electron transport chain (1)
- electronic adherence measurement (1)
- electrophilic fatty acids (1)
- elephant damage (1)
- elephant‐safe stores (1)
- elimination rate constant (1)
- elite athlete (1)
- elites (1)
- embolization (1)
- emergence (1)
- emergency loans (1)
- emergency powers (1)
- emotion regulation (1)
- emotional competency (1)
- emotional exhaustion (1)
- emotionality (1)
- emotions (1)
- empagliflozin (1)
- employees (1)
- employers (1)
- encoding (1)
- encoding/decoding (1)
- end of life care (1)
- endemism (1)
- endocannabinoids (1)
- endolysosomal system (1)
- endometrial cancer (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- endémisme (1)
- energy (1)
- energy balance (1)
- enfance et expérience (1)
- engagement (1)
- engagement politique (1)
- ensemble simulations (1)
- enterovirus (1)
- entrepreneurship (1)
- environmental behavior (1)
- environmental conditions (1)
- environmental education (1)
- environmental knowledge (1)
- environmental variables (1)
- enzymes (1)
- eph receptor tyrosin kinase family (1)
- ephrins (1)
- epidemics (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epidermal growth factor receptor (1)
- epididymitis (1)
- epigenetic (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- epileptic encephalopathy (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- epistemic capabilities (1)
- epistemic injustice (1)
- epistemic network analysis (1)
- epithelial cells (1)
- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (1)
- epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (1)
- epitope mapping (1)
- equality (1)
- equation of state (1)
- equity (1)
- erectile dysfunction (1)
- ergodic subspace analysis (1)
- ergodicity (1)
- ergonomics (1)
- erosion (1)
- erps (1)
- erythropoietin (EPO) (1)
- escape mutations (1)
- essential tremor (1)
- eta meson (1)
- ethnographic knowledge production (1)
- ethnographie (1)
- ethnography (1)
- ethyl pyruvate (1)
- etravirine (1)
- euro area (1)
- euro crisis (1)
- euthymic (1)
- evaluation (1)
- event (1)
- event logs (1)
- event-related potentials (1)
- event-related potentials (ERP) (1)
- everolimus (1)
- evidence-based policy (1)
- ex vivo model (1)
- ex-Gaussian analysis (1)
- exchange rate (1)
- exchange rate response to monetary policy (1)
- excited nuclei (1)
- exercise on prescription (1)
- exercise therapy (1)
- exercise treatment (1)
- exertion (1)
- experiences (1)
- experimental geomorphology (1)
- experimental human pain models (1)
- experimental pain models (1)
- expertise (1)
- exploration (1)
- exports (1)
- exposure (1)
- extensively drug-resistant (1)
- external fixation (1)
- external joint moments (1)
- external memory (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extracellular stimuli (1)
- extraction islands (1)
- extraction socket healing (1)
- extraversion (1)
- extremity (1)
- fMRT (1)
- face inversion effect (1)
- facial nerve functional outcome (1)
- facilitation (1)
- factor VIII (FVIII) (1)
- familial infantile epilepsy (1)
- fasting (1)
- fatigue (1)
- faultlines (1)
- feedback-based flexibility (1)
- feeder cells (1)
- felsic detrital (1)
- felt body (1)
- felt‐bodily communication (1)
- female refugees (1)
- female workers (1)
- feminism (1)
- feminist epistemology (1)
- femoral artery ligation (1)
- fenfluramine (1)
- fermentation (1)
- ferric carboxymaltose (1)
- fibromodulin (1)
- fiduciary (1)
- film curating (1)
- film studies (1)
- financial decision support (1)
- financial disasters (1)
- financial frictions (1)
- financial industry (1)
- financial stablity (1)
- financial sustainability (1)
- financial technology (1)
- finanzielle Armut (1)
- fingolimod (1)
- firm value (1)
- fish bones (1)
- fisheries policy (1)
- fixation (1)
- fixed-links modeling (1)
- flash crashes (1)
- flat surfaces (1)
- flavonoid (1)
- flexible bilingualism (1)
- flow allocation (1)
- fluid reasoning (1)
- fluorescence dye (1)
- focal cortical dysplasia (1)
- focal seizures (1)
- focus movement (1)
- focused electron beam (1)
- for-profit schools (1)
- force transmission (1)
- forensic entomology (1)
- forest management (1)
- form (1)
- forma (1)
- formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples (1)
- formate (1)
- formation length (1)
- forms of knowledge (1)
- forward guidance (1)
- fourth (1)
- fractional anisotropy (1)
- fractionation (1)
- fracture (1)
- fragile-X-associated tremor-ataxia syndrome (1)
- fragment-based design (1)
- fragment-based drug design (1)
- fragment-based screening (1)
- fragmentation (1)
- framework transition (1)
- free gingival graft (1)
- free will (1)
- freshwater ecosystems (1)
- fronto-temporal lobar dementia (1)
- fronto-temporal-lobar-dementia (1)
- frühes Zweitspracherwerb (1)
- fully human (1)
- fumonisin B1 (1)
- functional approach to interpretations (1)
- functional connectivity (1)
- functional coupling (1)
- functional genetics (1)
- functional imaging (1)
- fundoplication (1)
- furcation involvement (1)
- further education (1)
- fusion (1)
- game (1)
- game theory (1)
- gamma oscillations (1)
- gap junction protein alpha 4-genotype (1)
- garbage (1)
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- gastric surgery (1)
- gastrocnemius (1)
- gastroesophageal reflux (1)
- gaze-contingent protocol (1)
- geistiges Eigentum (1)
- gender difference (1)
- gender inequality (1)
- gene loss (1)
- gene regulation (1)
- gene therapy (1)
- general equilibrium (1)
- generalized additive model (1)
- generic tasks (1)
- genetic code expansion (1)
- genetic diversity (1)
- genetic generalized epilepsy (1)
- genetic phenotypes (1)
- genetic polymorphisms (1)
- genetic predisposition (1)
- genome-wide association study (1)
- genomics (1)
- geopolitische Rivalität (1)
- geoprostorski statistični podatki (1)
- geospatial data visualization (1)
- geospatial statistics (1)
- geriatric patients (1)
- geriatrischer Ultraschall (1)
- germ cell tumors (1)
- giraffe (1)
- glioblastoma cells (1)
- global (1)
- global care chains (1)
- global democracy (1)
- global educational justice (1)
- global fire modelling (1)
- global real activity (1)
- global water model (1)
- globalism (1)
- globalization (1)
- globalized labor markets (1)
- glucose (1)
- glucose metabolism (1)
- glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase (1)
- glycoproteins (1)
- glycosaminoglycan (1)
- goals (1)
- governmentality (1)
- gradient (1)
- graft (1)
- grain‐size evolution (1)
- grammar (1)
- grammatical aspect (1)
- grammaticalization (1)
- granular metals (1)
- graph theory (1)
- graph understanding (1)
- gray zone of turbulence (1)
- grey matter volume (1)
- groundwater (1)
- growth inhibition (1)
- guanidine analogs (1)
- guarding behavior (1)
- guideline catalog (1)
- gyrification (1)
- habitat filter (1)
- hadron gas (1)
- hadronic events (1)
- haematologic malignancies (1)
- haemophilia A (1)
- haemophilic arthropathy (1)
- haemostasis (1)
- harmine (1)
- hawkes processes (1)
- health (1)
- health care (1)
- health-related quality of life (1)
- healthcare workers (1)
- healthy subjects (1)
- hearing nerve (1)
- heavy-flavour production (1)
- hemadsorption (1)
- hematoma (1)
- hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (1)
- heme-regulated inhibitory kinase (1)
- hemiplegic migraine (1)
- hemispherotomy (1)
- hemodynamic (1)
- hemodynamic instability (1)
- hemophilia A (1)
- hemorrhage (1)
- hemorrhagic transformation (1)
- hepatic fibrosis (1)
- hepatic stellate cells (1)
- hepatitis C virus (1)
- hepatitis C virus (HCV) (1)
- hepatitis E (1)
- hepatocellular cancer (1)
- hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (1)
- herb induced liver injury (1)
- herd immunity (1)
- hereditary angioedema (1)
- hereditary dystopic lipidosis (1)
- herpes simplex virus (1)
- heterologous expression (1)
- heteronuclear detection (1)
- hiPSC (1)
- high dimensional complex data (1)
- high surgical risk (1)
- high-Tc superconductivity (1)
- high-frequency data (1)
- high-frequency traders (HFTs) (1)
- high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- high-pressure X-ray diffraction (1)
- high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction (1)
- high-throughput nucleotide sequencing (1)
- high-throughput screening (1)
- higher education teachin (1)
- high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) (1)
- hip joint (1)
- histological outcomes (1)
- histological technic (1)
- histomorphometry (1)
- histone modifications (1)
- histoplasmosis (1)
- historical analysis of discourse (1)
- historical perspectives on sustainability (1)
- history of meteorology (1)
- history of science (1)
- holdout litigation (1)
- home-based (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- homogeneous catalysis (1)
- honey bee classification (1)
- hospitalization (1)
- host-pathogen interaction (1)
- hotochromism (1)
- household finance (1)
- household survey (1)
- household-portfolio shares (1)
- huCAR19 (1)
- human action sounds (1)
- human decellularized dermis (1)
- human footprint (1)
- human genomics (1)
- human lymph node (1)
- human sera (1)
- human values (1)
- human-body radiation (1)
- humanized mice (1)
- humanized mouse model (1)
- human‐wildlife interactions (1)
- human–elephant conflict (1)
- human–environment interaction (1)
- hybrid abutment (1)
- hydrogen oxidation (1)
- hydrogen storage (1)
- hydrogen-dependent carbon dioxide reductase (1)
- hydrology (1)
- hydrothermal fluids (1)
- hydroxamate (1)
- hydroxylation (1)
- hydroxynaphthoquinone (1)
- hyperarousal (1)
- hyperexcitability (1)
- hyperglycemia (1)
- hyperhomocysteinemia (1)
- hyperkalemia (1)
- hyperons (1)
- hypertension (1)
- hypoglycaemia (1)
- hypophosphataemia (1)
- iDILI (1)
- iDrug induced liver injury (1)
- ice coverage (1)
- ideology (1)
- image-based risk modelling (1)
- imageability (1)
- imagery (1)
- images of foreign peoples and places (1)
- imaging (1)
- imbrication (1)
- immersive analytics (1)
- immigration (1)
- immun (1)
- immune checkpoint (1)
- immune checkpoint inhibitors (1)
- immune defense (1)
- immune evasion (1)
- immune response (1)
- immuno-oncotherapy (1)
- immunoprecipitation (1)
- implied volatility (1)
- improvement in quality of life (1)
- in vitro (1)
- in vitro in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) (1)
- in vitro models (1)
- in vivo model of critical size defects (1)
- incidence (1)
- inclusive physical education (1)
- incomplete design (1)
- independent component analysis (ICA) (1)
- index of lost lifetime (1)
- individual identification (1)
- individual investor (1)
- indoor air pollution (1)
- induced membrane (1)
- induction (1)
- induction chemotherapy (1)
- inertial motion capture (1)
- infant (1)
- infants (1)
- infection dynamics (1)
- infectious diseases (1)
- inferential processes (1)
- inferior frontal gyrus (1)
- infertility (1)
- inflammatory bowel disease (1)
- inflammatory cytokines (1)
- inflammatory markers (1)
- influences of participation in CVET (1)
- informacijska asimetrija (1)
- informal CVET (1)
- information asymmetry (1)
- information landscape (1)
- information structure (1)
- infrared (1)
- infrastructural power (1)
- infância e experiência (1)
- inhibitor design (1)
- inhibitors (1)
- injury (1)
- inklusiver Sportunterricht (1)
- innate and adaptive immune response (1)
- inner ear therapy (1)
- inositol signaling (1)
- insect abundance (1)
- insomnia (1)
- institutional investors (1)
- institutioneller Diskurs (1)
- instructional interventions (1)
- insulator–semiconductor transition (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- insulitis (1)
- integrated stress response (1)
- intellectual property (1)
- inter-individual variability (1)
- interaction partners (1)
- interactive data analysis (1)
- interactome (1)
- interdisciplinary (1)
- interest in animals (1)
- interferon type III (1)
- intergenerational persistence (1)
- interleukin-6 (1)
- interleukins (1)
- intermediaries (1)
- internal gravity waves (1)
- interoperability (1)
- interpretative authority (1)
- intertextual similarity (1)
- intervertebral disc (IVD) (1)
- interview (1)
- interview study (1)
- intracellular stimuli (1)
- intratextual similarity (1)
- intrinsic drug resistance (1)
- invasion (1)
- invasive mold infection (1)
- inverse dynamics (1)
- investigational (1)
- inflammation (1)
- inflammatory pain (1)
- ion translocation (1)
- ion–atom collisions (1)
- ion–molecule collisions (1)
- iron deficiency (1)
- iron overload versus deprivation (1)
- iron starvation (1)
- iron supplements (1)
- irradiation (1)
- irrigation efficiency (1)
- ischaemia (1)
- island (1)
- islands of divergence (1)
- isohydricity (1)
- isolation (1)
- isospin (1)
- isotope labeling (1)
- isotope tracking model (1)
- item design (1)
- jade axe-head (1)
- jeu (1)
- job non‐routinization (1)
- jobseekers (1)
- joint bleeding (1)
- joint inference (1)
- joint loading (1)
- joint moments (1)
- journalisme (1)
- justification (1)
- juvenile brain lesion (1)
- kaatsu training (1)
- kallikrein inhibitor (1)
- keratinized mucosa (1)
- ketogenic (1)
- ketone body (1)
- kidney formation (1)
- kidney function (1)
- kimberlite (1)
- kinase inhibitors (1)
- kinematics (1)
- kinetic approaches to dense matter (1)
- kinetic fingerprint (1)
- knee adduction moment (1)
- knee joint (1)
- knee noise (1)
- knee sound (1)
- knockout (1)
- knowledge graphs (1)
- kognitive Kompetenz (1)
- kultura žarnih grobišč (1)
- kynureninase (1)
- kynurenine (1)
- labelfree quantitative mass spectrometry (1)
- labeling (1)
- labor supply (1)
- lacosamide (1)
- lactate (1)
- lamotrigine (1)
- land surface temperature (1)
- landscape fragmentation (1)
- land‐use planning (1)
- land–atmosphere coupling (1)
- language acquisition (1)
- language ideologies (1)
- language production (1)
- large eddy simulation (1)
- large functional RNAs (1)
- late Republican civil wars (1)
- latent class analysis (1)
- lateral line (1)
- lattice QCD (1)
- lawsHeavy-ion collisions (1)
- layer-by-layer (LbL) (1)
- lead stannate (Pb2SnO4) (1)
- leaf water potential (1)
- left ventricular non-compaction (1)
- left ventricular trabeculation (1)
- leg alignment (1)
- legal (1)
- legal transplants (1)
- legislative behavior (1)
- legitimation crisis (1)
- lentiviral vector (1)
- letter spacing (1)
- leukocytes (1)
- leukopenia (1)
- leukotriene (1)
- levetiracetam (1)
- lexical aspect (1)
- lexicon (1)
- liability (1)
- liberalism (1)
- liberty (1)
- lichen extracts (1)
- lichen symbiosis (1)
- light microscopy (1)
- light nuclei production (1)
- limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) (1)
- limited attention (1)
- limits to arbitrage (1)
- linguistic relativity (1)
- lion of the desert movie (1)
- lipid (1)
- lipid raft (1)
- lipidomic analysis (1)
- lipocalin-2 (1)
- lipoxin A4 (1)
- liquid PRF (1)
- liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (1)
- liquidity (1)
- liquidity provision (1)
- literary field (1)
- literatura seropositiva (1)
- literature education (1)
- lithium (1)
- lithography (1)
- lithospheric mantle (1)
- litter (1)
- liver fibrosis (1)
- liver transplantation (1)
- liver transplantation center (1)
- local inflammation (1)
- lockdown costs (1)
- locked nucleic acids (1)
- locus coeruleus (1)
- log data (1)
- long reads (1)
- long-term observations (1)
- long-term outcome (1)
- long-term potentiation (1)
- long-term prophylaxis (1)
- long-term research (1)
- long-term success (1)
- long-term survival (1)
- longevity (1)
- longitudinal follow-up after epilepsy surgery (1)
- loss function (1)
- loss index (1)
- losses (1)
- low doses (1)
- low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- low-fee private schools (1)
- low-risk (1)
- lower critical field (1)
- lower extremity arterial disease (1)
- lumbago (1)
- lumbalgia (1)
- lumbar spinal canal stenosis (1)
- lumican (1)
- lump sum (1)
- lung disease phenotype (1)
- lying (1)
- lymphoma (1)
- lysosomes (1)
- mHealth (1)
- mRNA (1)
- mRNA and protein expression (1)
- mRNA surveillance (1)
- macroecology (1)
- macrohabitat (1)
- macromolecular machines (1)
- macrophage polarization (1)
- magentoencephalography (MEG) (1)
- magic angle spinning (1)
- magnesite-II (1)
- magnesium transporters (1)
- magnetic fields (1)
- magnetic nanowires (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (1)
- main group elements (1)
- maintenance (1)
- major adverse cardiovascular events (1)
- major depression (MD) (1)
- major depressive disorder (1)
- major depressive disorder (MDD) (1)
- mammary carcinomas (1)
- management (1)
- mandatory reporting (1)
- many-body method (1)
- marginalization (1)
- market making (1)
- market rate of interest (1)
- market supervision (1)
- marxism-leninism (1)
- masculinities (1)
- matching (1)
- materiality (1)
- maternal tobacco smoke (1)
- mathematical modeling (1)
- mathematics (1)
- matrikine (1)
- matrix metalloproteinases (1)
- matroids, online algorithm (1)
- mayflies (1)
- mean diffusivity (1)
- mean response function (1)
- meaning made (1)
- meaning making (1)
- measure (1)
- measurement of situation-specific skills, (1)
- measurement properties (1)
- mechanism of action (1)
- mechanistic oral absorption modeling (1)
- medial shaping (1)
- mediale Durchformung (1)
- mediality (1)
- median response function (1)
- mediation (1)
- medical training (1)
- medicalization (1)
- medication adherence rate (1)
- medicina (1)
- medicine (1)
- melanoma (1)
- melting (1)
- membrane potential (1)
- membrane protein (1)
- membrane proteins (1)
- membrane repair (1)
- memory and learning tests (1)
- mental distress (1)
- mesenchymal stem cell (1)
- mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (1)
- mesopore (1)
- messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- metabolic reprogramming (1)
- metabolic syndrome (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metagenome assembly (1)
- metal–organic frameworks (1)
- metaphor (1)
- metasomatism (1)
- meteorological radar (1)
- method of historical hermeneutic (1)
- methodological situationism (1)
- methodology (1)
- methyltransferase (1)
- metodologija (1)
- metáfora (1)
- miR-142-3p (1)
- miR-181 (1)
- miR-6862-5p (1)
- micro CT (1)
- microbial electrosynthesis (1)
- microdialysis (1)
- microlesions (1)
- micromorphology (1)
- micronucleus assay (1)
- microsurgical treatment (1)
- mid-IR spectroscopy (1)
- migrant rights (1)
- migration and invasion (1)
- migration management (1)
- millimeter wave radar (1)
- mineralized tissues (1)
- mini gastric bypass (1)
- minimal clinically important difference (1)
- minimal residual disease (1)
- mir-148a (1)
- missing data (1)
- missing disinflation (1)
- mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) (1)
- mitochondrial dysfunction (1)
- mitochondrial metabolism (1)
- mitochondrial morphology (1)
- mitochondrial respiration (1)
- mixed lineage kinase domain-like (1)
- mobile augmented reality applications (1)
- mobile health (1)
- modal model (1)
- model (1)
- model development (1)
- model psychosis (1)
- modeling and simulation (1)
- modeling of situation-specific skills (1)
- modes of textual presentation (1)
- modi di presentazione testuale (1)
- module test (1)
- moduli spaces (1)
- molecular adaptation (1)
- molecular biology (1)
- molecular politics (1)
- molecular switch (1)
- molecular tumor board (1)
- molecular typing (1)
- monetary institutions (1)
- monetary law (1)
- monetary policy strategy (1)
- monoamine oxidase A (1)
- monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) (1)
- mononuclear cell (1)
- monotype abutment (1)
- monsoon (1)
- morphogenesis (1)
- morphological filtering (1)
- morphometry (1)
- mortality (1)
- mortality analysis (1)
- mortality risk (1)
- mortgages (1)
- motion analysis (1)
- motivations (1)
- motives (1)
- motor control exercise (1)
- mouse (1)
- mouse model (1)
- mouse models (1)
- movement (1)
- movement pattern (1)
- movement profile (1)
- mtDNA haplotypes (1)
- multi-network (1)
- multi-stem architecture (1)
- multi-task learning (1)
- multimodal complex treatment (1)
- multimorbidity (1)
- multiple texts (1)
- multiple trauma (1)
- multipledocument comprehension (1)
- multiscale entropy (1)
- multitarget drugs (1)
- multivariate analyses (1)
- murine model (1)
- muscle (1)
- muscle contraction (1)
- muscle disease (1)
- muscular dystrophy (1)
- musculoskeletal (1)
- musculoskeletal inflammation (1)
- musculoskeletal pain (1)
- musculoskeletal radiographs (1)
- museum (1)
- music neoclassicism (1)
- musical form (1)
- muslims (1)
- mutational antigenic profiling (1)
- mutualist-mediated effects (1)
- myocardial perfusion (1)
- myofascial (1)
- myofascial chains (1)
- myofascial force transmission (1)
- myoferlin (1)
- myotonia congenita (1)
- n,p,π and Λ+Σ0 production (1)
- n400 (1)
- nanobodies (1)
- nanodiscs (1)
- nanofabrication (1)
- nanomagnetism (1)
- narrative content analysis (1)
- narrative economics (1)
- narrative identity (1)
- narrative medicine (1)
- narrative structure (1)
- natives (1)
- natriuretic peptide (1)
- natural beauty (1)
- natural cytotoxicity (1)
- natural killer cell (1)
- natural products (1)
- naturalism (1)
- naturalismo (1)
- naturalistic sample (1)
- nature (1)
- necrosis (1)
- negative Praktiken (1)
- negative practices (1)
- negative-stain electron microscopy (1)
- neglect (1)
- negligencia (1)
- neoliberalism (1)
- neonate (1)
- neonates (1)
- neonatology (1)
- neoplasms (1)
- nerve (1)
- nerve injury (1)
- network effect (1)
- network similarity measurement (1)
- networks (1)
- neurexin (1)
- neurogenesis (1)
- neurological impairment (1)
- neuromodulation (1)
- neuronal maturation (1)
- neuronal morphology (1)
- neuropathic pain (1)
- neuropathy (1)
- neurophysiology (1)
- neuropsychology (1)
- neuroticism (1)
- neurovascular bundle preservation (1)
- neutral mesons (1)
- neutral pion (1)
- neutralization (1)
- neutralizing antibodies (1)
- neutrino-trapping (1)
- neutron microtomography (1)
- neutron star mergers (1)
- neutron stars; (1)
- new phenomenology (1)
- newborn (1)
- newborn screening (1)
- next-generation sequencing (1)
- nitroalkylation (1)
- niños (1)
- nocturnal behavior (1)
- nomos of the earth (1)
- non-bank financial intermediation (1)
- non-canonical amino acid (1)
- non-coding RNAs (1)
- non-compliance (1)
- non-formal CVET (1)
- non-formal music (1)
- non-malignant hematological diseases (1)
- non-natural nucleotide (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- nonbreeding (1)
- noninterventional (1)
- noninvasive blood glucose analysis (1)
- nonlinear dynamical systems (1)
- nonribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- nonspecific (1)
- non‐selective beta‐blocker (1)
- nostalgia (1)
- nuclear collective model (1)
- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1)
- nuclear modification (1)
- nuclear receptor (1)
- nucleophilic addition (1)
- nucleophilic boron (1)
- nucleotide analogue (1)
- nucleotide metabolism (1)
- null object stage (1)
- null subjects (1)
- numbers (1)
- nursing (1)
- nutrient endocytosis (1)
- object-scene inconsistency effect (1)
- objects (1)
- observaciones a largo plazo (1)
- observational study (1)
- occupational health (1)
- odločanje (1)
- off-pump surgery (1)
- oil demand elasticity (1)
- oil inventories (1)
- oil supply elasticity (1)
- oligonucleotides (1)
- omega stringer (1)
- oncogenic signaling (1)
- oncological gastrectomy (1)
- oncological outcome (1)
- one anastomosis gastric bypass (1)
- online borrowing (1)
- online information processing (1)
- online nakupovanje (1)
- online purchasing (1)
- online reasoning (1)
- online reasoning patterns (1)
- online survey (1)
- oocyte death (1)
- open content (1)
- open data (1)
- open economy macro-finance modeling (1)
- open guided waves (1)
- open materials (1)
- open science (1)
- operative (1)
- optical coherence tomography (1)
- optimal stopping (1)
- order/disorder (1)
- ordinary language (1)
- ordine/disordine (1)
- organellar ploidy levels (1)
- organizational identification (1)
- orgueil (1)
- orientation (1)
- orthopaedic patients (1)
- oscillations (1)
- oscillators (1)
- osteoarthritis (1)
- osteogenic sarcoma cells (1)
- osteoimmunological changes (1)
- other-report (1)
- otoferlin (1)
- ouabain (1)
- outcomes (1)
- outgroup derogation (1)
- outside-in signaling (1)
- ovary (1)
- overcommitment (1)
- overweight (1)
- own-face perception (1)
- oxidases (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxidised lipids (1)
- p14ARF (1)
- p38 (1)
- p53 (1)
- p53 family (1)
- p63 (1)
- p73 (1)
- pacemaker implantation (1)
- packaging (1)
- packing problem (1)
- pain questionnaire (1)
- pain research (1)
- pain screening (1)
- paleoaltimetry (1)
- paleoanthropology (1)
- paleoclimate (1)
- paleoclimate modeling (1)
- paleoenvironment modeling (1)
- paleoenvironment reconstruction (1)
- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (1)
- pancreatic surgery (1)
- pandemic economics (1)
- pandemic insurance (1)
- pandemics (1)
- pandemics and memory (1)
- parametrization (1)
- parasites Tapinanthus (1)
- parasitism (1)
- parathyroid hormone 2 (1)
- parkinson’s disease (1)
- participation (1)
- participatory education (1)
- partisanship (1)
- passive imaging (1)
- passive immunization (1)
- passive smoke (1)
- passthrough (1)
- patent paradox (1)
- patent system (1)
- patents (1)
- patient centered care (1)
- patient preferences (1)
- patient questionnaire (1)
- patient triage (1)
- patient-reported outcome measure (1)
- patient’s decree (1)
- patient’s perspective (1)
- pauli principle (1)
- paxilline (1)
- peanut allergy (1)
- pedagogical professionalism (1)
- pediatric (1)
- pediatric epilepsy (1)
- pediatric eye screening (1)
- pediatrics (1)
- pelvic packing (1)
- pelvic ring fracture (1)
- peptide antibiotics (1)
- peptide transport (1)
- perception (1)
- perceptual closure (1)
- perceptual priming (1)
- performance assessment (1)
- performance enhancement (1)
- performance tests (1)
- peri-implantitis (1)
- pericytes (1)
- periimplantitis (1)
- perineurium (1)
- periodismo (1)
- periodontal disease progression (1)
- periodontal risk assessment (1)
- periodontal risk calculator (1)
- periodontal risk factors (1)
- perioperative outcome (1)
- perioperative period (1)
- peripheral arterial disease (1)
- peri‐implantitis (1)
- peri‐implantitis therapy (1)
- persistent complex bereavement disorder (1)
- person-oriented approach (1)
- personalised therapy (1)
- personality (1)
- personalization (1)
- pet rabbit (1)
- phage (1)
- phage display (1)
- phage lysis proteins (1)
- phage therapy (1)
- pharmacogenetics (1)
- pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) (1)
- pharmacoresistance (1)
- phase noise (1)
- phase-amplitude coupling (1)
- phenotype/genotype relation (1)
- phenotypic spectrum (1)
- phenylpropanoid (1)
- philosophical style (1)
- phosphate (1)
- phosphorus (1)
- photobleaching (1)
- photoisomerization (1)
- photolabile protecting groups (1)
- photopharmacology (1)
- photopolymerization (1)
- photoschalbare (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- photosystem maintenance (1)
- photothermal detection (1)
- phylogenetic signal (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- physical activity counseling (1)
- physical training (1)
- physiological coupling (1)
- physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling (1)
- piezoresistivity (1)
- pigs (1)
- pinning control (1)
- placenta (1)
- planimetric measurement (1)
- planned missing data design (1)
- plant functional traits (1)
- plant life-form (1)
- plant life‐forms (1)
- plant-hydraulics (1)
- plasma (1)
- plasma-derived factor VIII concentrate, prophylaxis (1)
- plasmid (1)
- plasticity (1)
- ploidy (1)
- pluralism (1)
- pneumocystis (1)
- point inversion (1)
- point of care (1)
- policy (1)
- policy intervention (1)
- policy measures in the EU (1)
- policy rules (1)
- political communication in television (1)
- political ecology (1)
- political engagement (1)
- politische Kommunikation im Fernsehen (1)
- politische Ästhetik (1)
- polo-like kinase 1 (1)
- poly(A)-tail (1)
- polyacetylenes (1)
- polyhydroxy (1)
- polyines (1)
- polyketide synthase (1)
- polylactide (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polyomavirus (1)
- polypharmacology (1)
- polysomnography (1)
- polyynes (1)
- polémica (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- portable fluorimeter (1)
- portfolio (1)
- portosystemic shunt (1)
- positive organizational e-interventions (1)
- positive organizational intervention (1)
- positive organizational interventions (1)
- positivity bias (1)
- positivity preserving property (1)
- post-caesarean uterus (1)
- post-exercise hypotension (1)
- post-liver transplantation management (1)
- post-transcriptional gene regulation (1)
- post-traumatic (1)
- postcolonial studies (1)
- posterior fossa tumor (1)
- posterior risk (1)
- postmonsoon (1)
- postmortem interval (1)
- postoperative complications (1)
- postoperative delirium (1)
- postsecondary education (1)
- posttranslational modification (PTM) (1)
- posttransnational modification (1)
- posttraumatic inflammation (1)
- posttraumatic stress disorder (1)
- postural control (1)
- potassium (1)
- pottery analysis (1)
- power system analysis; (1)
- ppi1 (1)
- practical knowledge of teachers (1)
- practice theory (1)
- pratiques négatives (1)
- praxis (1)
- pre-rationality (1)
- pre-school asthma (1)
- precision weighting (1)
- predation risk (1)
- prediabetes (1)
- predictability (1)
- predictive coding (1)
- prejudice (1)
- prepotent response inhibition (1)
- preregistered (1)
- preschool (1)
- preschool health examination (1)
- presidential debate (1)
- pressure sensors (1)
- pressure-induced phase transition (1)
- preventive medicine (1)
- price discovery (1)
- price stability (1)
- pride (1)
- primary active transporters (1)
- primary biliary cirrhosis (1)
- primary sclerosing cholangitis (1)
- principle of charity (1)
- principles-based regulation (1)
- privacy concerns (1)
- privacy engineering (1)
- privacy-enhancing technologies (1)
- private ordering (1)
- pro-domain (1)
- pro-enzyme (1)
- proanthocyanidin (1)
- problem solving (1)
- procedures of sign processing (1)
- process data (1)
- process mining (1)
- processing (1)
- prodrug (1)
- profession (1)
- professional and organizational development (1)
- profits (1)
- prognostic marker (1)
- prognostic value (1)
- programme sémantique (1)
- proinflammatory microenvironment (1)
- proline isomerization (1)
- prominence (1)
- promotion index (1)
- propanediol utilization (1)
- propensity to patent (1)
- property damage (1)
- prophylactic vaccine (1)
- prophylaxis (1)
- proportionality (1)
- proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition (1)
- prosodic integration (1)
- prosody (1)
- prostate volume (1)
- protease (1)
- protease inhibitor (1)
- protein folding (1)
- protein import (1)
- protein membrane insertion (1)
- protein quality control (1)
- protein structure (1)
- protein turnover (1)
- protein-protein interaction (1)
- proteins (1)
- proteoglycan (1)
- proximal tubule (1)
- prudential supervision (1)
- préjugé (1)
- pseudokinase (1)
- psoriatic arthritis (1)
- psychischer Stress (1)
- psycho-oncology (1)
- psychology (1)
- psychosocial adjustment (1)
- psychotherapy (1)
- public adult education (1)
- public goods (1)
- public health department (1)
- public mental health (1)
- public private partnership (1)
- public sphere (1)
- pull-down (1)
- punctuated equilibrium theory (1)
- pupillometry (1)
- purification of protein complexes (1)
- p–Pb (1)
- qRT-PCR (1)
- qRT-PCR detection (1)
- qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (1)
- qualitative content analysis (1)
- quality (1)
- quality control (1)
- quality of care (1)
- quantitative MRT (1)
- quantitative easing (1)
- quantitative methods (1)
- quantitative proteomics (1)
- quantitative sensory testing (1)
- quantum cascade laser (QCL) (1)
- quantum measurement (1)
- quantum mechanics (1)
- quark-gluon plasma (1)
- quintessence (1)
- radar detection (1)
- radar imaging (1)
- radar signal processing (1)
- radar wind profiler (1)
- radiation oncology (1)
- radical prostatectomy (1)
- radioimmunotherapy (1)
- radiomic (1)
- radiosensitization (1)
- radiotherapy (1)
- radon therapy (1)
- rain (1)
- range of motion (1)
- range predictions (1)
- rapid abundance decline (1)
- rare disease (1)
- rare diseases (1)
- rare variants (1)
- rat femur critical size defect (1)
- ratiometric (1)
- ray-tracing (1)
- rct (1)
- re-osseointegration (1)
- re-transplantation (1)
- reaction (1)
- reaction time (1)
- reading comprehension (1)
- readmission rates (1)
- realism (1)
- reality docu (1)
- reasons and barriers (1)
- rebound effect (1)
- receptor cross-interaction (1)
- receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinases (1)
- recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus‐Zaire ebolavirus (1)
- reconciliation (1)
- recruitment (1)
- referee (1)
- reference damage (1)
- reference resolution in production and comprehension (1)
- refined fuels (1)
- reflexivity (1)
- regioisomers (1)
- regulatory T cell (1)
- regulatory T cells (1)
- regulatory T helper cells (1)
- regulatory arbitrage (1)
- regurgitation pellets (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- reification (1)
- relapsing fever (1)
- relational values (1)
- relationship quality (1)
- relative clause (1)
- relative performance feedback (1)
- relaxometry (1)
- reliable change index (1)
- religion (1)
- religious intellectualism (1)
- remodelling (1)
- remote sensing by radar (1)
- renal cell cancer (1)
- renal transplantation (1)
- renal tubular cells (1)
- renal tubular epithelial cells (1)
- repeat biopsy (1)
- repeated (1)
- reperfusion injury (1)
- repetition suppression (RS) (1)
- repetitive firing (1)
- replication (1)
- replicative fitness (1)
- representaciones (1)
- representation (1)
- representations (1)
- reproduction number (1)
- reproductive isolation (1)
- repsonse process patterns (1)
- request processing (1)
- requirements analysis (1)
- resective surgery (1)
- resident’ knowledge and perceptions (1)
- residual intra‐individual variability (1)
- resiliency (1)
- resistance (1)
- resistance mutation (1)
- resolution (1)
- resolution of inflammation (1)
- resonance (1)
- resonances (1)
- resting EEG (1)
- resting site (1)
- resumptive pronouns (1)
- reticulocyte haemoglobin (1)
- retinal (1)
- retinoid X receptor (1)
- retirement age (1)
- reverse mortgage (1)
- revised universal soil loss equation (1)
- revision (1)
- revisión (1)
- rhabdomyosarcoma (1)
- rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- rhodopsin (1)
- rhythmanalysis (1)
- ribosome-associated quality control (1)
- ridge preservation (1)
- rifiuti (1)
- right heart catheter (1)
- rights (1)
- risk factor (1)
- risk score (1)
- risk sharing (1)
- robo-advice (1)
- rotational thromboelastometry (1)
- ryanodine receptor (1)
- römische Republik (1)
- sCD163 (1)
- sCD206 (1)
- sable water isotopes (1)
- safety (1)
- sage downy mildew (1)
- sarcoma (1)
- sarcopenia (1)
- sarcoplasmic reticulum (1)
- satellite altimetry (1)
- savanna (1)
- scale validation (1)
- scanner noise (1)
- scarto (1)
- scavenger receptor (1)
- scene knowledge (1)
- scene processing (1)
- schiff base (1)
- school closures (1)
- school development (1)
- school leadership, (1)
- schriftliche Haushaltsbefragung (1)
- sciatic nerve (1)
- science studies (1)
- scientific reasoning (1)
- sea-ice meiofauna (1)
- seasonal migration (1)
- seawater influence (1)
- second-best justifications (1)
- second-hand smoke (1)
- secretary problem (1)
- section conjecture (1)
- securities markets (1)
- security management (1)
- sediment budget (1)
- seedling (1)
- seizures (1)
- selection (1)
- selective autophagy receptor (1)
- selective isotopic labeling (1)
- self (1)
- self-tracking (1)
- self‐expanding (1)
- semantic programme (1)
- semantics (1)
- semiexclusive processes (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensorimotor (1)
- sensory attenuation (1)
- sensory coding (1)
- sensory neuropathy (1)
- sentence processing (1)
- sequence alignment (1)
- sequence analysis (1)
- sequencing error (1)
- serialism (1)
- serine protease (NS3-4A) (1)
- serology (1)
- serum (1)
- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (1)
- severe asthma (1)
- severe congenital neutropenia (1)
- severely injured (1)
- severity (1)
- sex (1)
- shadow banking (1)
- shape-shifting representation (1)
- shareholderism (1)
- shipping (1)
- shock filter (1)
- short linear motifs (SLiMs) (1)
- shrinkage (1)
- shrub encroachment (1)
- shrub-tree dynamics (1)
- shrubs (1)
- shunt (1)
- sialitis (1)
- sickle cell anemia (1)
- siderophore (1)
- signal transduction (1)
- signaling (1)
- silent reading (1)
- silica (1)
- silver coinage (1)
- simbólica del mal (1)
- single-molecule förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) spectroscopy (1)
- single-molecule localization microscopy (1)
- single-particle cryoEM (1)
- single-particle tracking (1)
- site-directed spin labeling (1)
- site-specific labeling (1)
- situation (1)
- skeletal muscle (1)
- slave-making ants (1)
- sleepiness (1)
- smFRET (1)
- small molecule inhibitor (1)
- small protein (1)
- smart home (1)
- smart living (1)
- smart phones (1)
- smarte Ordnungen (1)
- smartphone apps (1)
- smoking in pregnancy (1)
- snoRNAs (1)
- soccer (1)
- social (1)
- social change (1)
- social determinants (1)
- social engineering (1)
- social facilitation (1)
- social identity (1)
- social identity theory (1)
- social inhibition (1)
- social introduction (1)
- social justice (1)
- social justice pedagogy (1)
- social media (1)
- social modelling (1)
- social norms (1)
- social security (1)
- social stratification (1)
- social survey (1)
- social theory (1)
- sociality (1)
- socioeconomic status (1)
- sociology (1)
- soft drinks (1)
- soil bacteria communities (1)
- soil degradation (1)
- soil moisture deficit (1)
- soluble MICA (1)
- solvate (1)
- sonography (1)
- sovereign debt litigation (1)
- sovereign debt restructuring (1)
- sovereign debt standstill (1)
- sovereignty (1)
- sozial-ökologische Transformation (1)
- soziale Exklusion (1)
- soziale Kämpfe (1)
- soziale Netzwerke (1)
- sp2-carbonates (1)
- sp3-carbonates (1)
- sparse imaging (1)
- spatial learning (1)
- spatio-temporal analysis (1)
- spazzatura (1)
- specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) (1)
- speciation (1)
- species inventory (1)
- specific learning disorder (1)
- specificity (1)
- speech act (1)
- speech acts (1)
- sphingosine 1-phoshate (1)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate antagonistst/inhibitors (1)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism (1)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling (1)
- spin crossover (1)
- spin labeling (1)
- spinal cord (1)
- spintronics (1)
- spiral ganglion cells (1)
- spirochetes (1)
- spirometry (1)
- spliceosome (1)
- spontaneous portosystemic shunt (1)
- sport (1)
- sports (1)
- sports performance (1)
- spreading (1)
- squamous cell carcinoma (1)
- sset pricing (1)
- stabilization (1)
- stage-based models (1)
- stakeholders (1)
- standardization (1)
- standardized regression-based change norms (1)
- starvation (1)
- state (1)
- state of exception (1)
- statische/dynamische Freiheit (1)
- statistical model (1)
- statistical testing (1)
- steady-state condition (1)
- stearic acid (1)
- steatosis (1)
- stem cell transplantation (1)
- stem cells (1)
- steroid control of aging (1)
- stewardship codes (1)
- stiripentol (1)
- stoneflies (1)
- storage (1)
- strain (1)
- strain localization (1)
- strain‐dependent weakening (1)
- strategies (1)
- strategy review (1)
- streamflow deficit (1)
- strength training (1)
- strengths based development (1)
- strengths-based coaching (1)
- streptozotocin (1)
- stress response (1)
- stretching (1)
- stromal-derived factor 1 (1)
- structural VAR (1)
- structural choices (1)
- structural health monitoring (1)
- structural investigation (1)
- structural priming (1)
- structuralism (1)
- structure constraints (1)
- structure narrative (1)
- structure–activity relationships (1)
- strutturalismo (1)
- student movements (1)
- studi scientifici (1)
- subgroups (1)
- subject-only resumption (1)
- subjectivity (1)
- subsistence consumption (1)
- substance abuse disorder (1)
- subtomogram averaging (1)
- subvalent compounds (1)
- succulence (1)
- suicidality (1)
- suicide (1)
- super-resolution microscopy (1)
- superdeterminism (1)
- supervision (1)
- supervisión (1)
- supplementary motor area (1)
- supportive periodontal therapy (1)
- suprapubic catheter (1)
- surface chemistry (1)
- surface-mounted metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs) (1)
- surfactant (1)
- surgical margin (1)
- surgical procedures (1)
- sustainability transformations (1)
- sustainable development goals (SDGs) (1)
- sustainable travel (1)
- swallowing (1)
- sway analysis (1)
- switching (1)
- symbiosis (1)
- symbolic of evil (1)
- sympathicus (1)
- symptoms (1)
- synaesthesia (1)
- synaptic plasticity (1)
- synaptic scaling (1)
- synaptogenesis (1)
- synchronization (1)
- synergistic interaction (1)
- synovium (1)
- synthetic aperture radar (1)
- synuclein (1)
- system analysis and design (1)
- systematic biopsy (1)
- systematic scoping review (1)
- systemic risk (1)
- tailored treatment schedule (1)
- talent development (1)
- talent identification (1)
- talent management (1)
- tanker (1)
- taphonom (1)
- taphonomy (1)
- targeted biopsy (1)
- targeted therapy (1)
- targeting (1)
- tauopathies (1)
- tauopathy (1)
- taxes (1)
- tea (1)
- teacher education (1)
- teacher training (1)
- teachers' attitudes (1)
- technical (1)
- technique (1)
- technology-based assessment (1)
- telemedicine (1)
- telomerase (1)
- temperature jump (1)
- temporality (1)
- tension type headache (1)
- terahertz (1)
- terapia cognitivo conductual enfocada en trauma (1)
- terrestrial carbon cycle (1)
- terrestrial mammal (1)
- terrestrial water storage (1)
- terrigenous (1)
- test design (1)
- test protocol (1)
- testis (1)
- tetrahydrocannabinol (1)
- tetramerization (1)
- thalassemia (1)
- the Spanish Flu (1)
- the Weddell Sea (1)
- the evolution of religious knowledge (1)
- therapeutic practice (1)
- therapy monitoring (1)
- therapy resistance (1)
- thermophiles (1)
- thermostatic policy change (1)
- thermotolerance (1)
- theta oscillations (1)
- thiazolidine and perhydrothiazine derivatives of aldophosphamide and I-aldophosphamide (1)
- thin films (1)
- third (1)
- threats (1)
- three-dimensional analysis (1)
- three-level topic model (1)
- three‐dimensional analysis (1)
- thrombopenia (1)
- thrombotic microangiopathy (1)
- thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (1)
- thylakoid membrane biogenesis (1)
- tick (1)
- timber (1)
- time charter (1)
- time-lapse imaging (1)
- time-resolved spectroscopy (1)
- tissue slice co-cultures (1)
- tissue specificity (1)
- tobacco control (1)
- tobacco products (1)
- toc64 (1)
- tooth (1)
- tooth autotransplantation (1)
- tooth loss (1)
- tooth transplantation (1)
- topological states (1)
- torsion function (1)
- total body score (1)
- total hip replacement (1)
- tracking (1)
- trademark (1)
- trading (1)
- trading behavior (1)
- traditional Chinese medicine (1)
- traffic accident (1)
- trafficking (1)
- training effects (1)
- trait trade-off (1)
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) (1)
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), aortic valve stenosis (AS) (1)
- transcription (1)
- transcriptional activity (1)
- transference of reproductive capacity-TRCs (1)
- transferrin (1)
- transformation (1)
- transformational leadership (1)
- transforming growth factor-β (1)
- transfusion (1)
- transgenically augmented CAR NK cell (1)
- transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) (1)
- transjugular portosystemic intrahepatic (1)
- translanguaging (1)
- translational medical research (1)
- translational medicine (1)
- translational reseach (1)
- translatome (1)
- translocon (1)
- transmission cost allocation (1)
- transmission routes (1)
- transnational education (1)
- transnational populism (1)
- transperspectivism (1)
- transportation (1)
- transrectal prostate biopsy (1)
- transurethral catheter (1)
- transverse axis (1)
- trastorno de duelo prolongado (1)
- trauma (1)
- trauma registry (1)
- traumafocused cognitive behavioural therapy (1)
- traumatic brain injury (1)
- traumatic brain injury (TBI) (1)
- traumatic events (1)
- traumaticbraininjury(TBI) (1)
- travel behavior change (1)
- treatment capacity (1)
- treatment-related changes (1)
- triadic wave–wave interaction (1)
- trigeminal pain (1)
- trigger efficiency (1)
- trophoblast (1)
- tropical Africa (1)
- tropics (1)
- truth (1)
- trypan blue (1)
- tryptophan (1)
- tsetse fly (1)
- tumor adhesion (1)
- tumor angiogenesis (1)
- tumor hypoxia (1)
- tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (1)
- tumor invasion (1)
- tumor migration (1)
- tumor pain (1)
- tumor perfusion (1)
- tumor stroma (1)
- tumor xenograft (1)
- tumor-associated macrophages (1)
- turbulence length scale (1)
- twelve-tone method of composition (1)
- two factor model of environmental values model (1)
- two-pillar system (1)
- type 1 diabetes (1)
- type 2 diabetes (1)
- type-1-diabetes (1)
- types of categories (1)
- tyrosinase inhibitor (1)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (1)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (1)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (1)
- tyrosine kinase receptor signaling (1)
- ubiquitin chain conformation (1)
- ubiquitin hydrolase (1)
- ubiquitin receptor (1)
- ubiquitination (1)
- ultracold quantum gases (1)
- ultraperipheral and central heavy ion collisions (1)
- ultrasonic cleaning (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- unanticipated (1)
- uncertainties (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- unconfirmed cases (1)
- unconventional T cell (1)
- unconventional superconductor (1)
- under-ice fauna (1)
- understanding (1)
- unilateral hip osteoarthritis (1)
- universalism (1)
- university (1)
- university didactics (1)
- unlautere Geschäftspraktiken (1)
- unspecific low back pain (1)
- urban extent (1)
- urban waste (1)
- urbanicity (1)
- urbanization (1)
- urethral stricture (1)
- urethroplasty (1)
- urinary tract development (1)
- usage (1)
- uterine wall (1)
- utilisations (1)
- vaccination (1)
- vacuuming (1)
- valence (1)
- valley wind (1)
- valproic acid (1)
- value frameworks (1)
- value-added chemicals (1)
- values (1)
- variability (1)
- variable selection (1)
- variable silent delay (1)
- vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (1)
- vascular surgery (1)
- vector (1)
- vegetation modelling (1)
- venous occlusion (1)
- ventralis intermedius nucleus (1)
- venturesomeness (1)
- verb placemen (1)
- vertical transmission (1)
- vestibular schwannoma (1)
- vibroarthrographic (1)
- vigilance (1)
- vincristine (1)
- viral constructions of space (1)
- viral infection (1)
- virtual environments and data visualization (1)
- virtual reality (1)
- viruses (1)
- vision (1)
- visual field loss (1)
- visual priming (1)
- visual processing (1)
- visual programming (1)
- visual search (1)
- vitamin B deficiency (1)
- vitamin B12 (1)
- vitamin D (1)
- vitamin D deficiency (1)
- vitamin D metabolites (1)
- vitamin k antagonists (1)
- vocational education (1)
- volatile sedation (1)
- volatility clustering (1)
- von Willebrand diseases (1)
- voyage (1)
- vulture creditors (1)
- waiting time (1)
- walking (1)
- waste (1)
- water abstraction (1)
- water governance (1)
- water resources management (1)
- water stress (1)
- water temperature (1)
- water use efficiency (1)
- water-saving strategies assessment framework (1)
- wave modulation (1)
- weakly supervised learning (1)
- wealth inequality (1)
- wearables (1)
- web of things (1)
- web-based portfolio (1)
- weight loss (1)
- welfare (1)
- western marxism (1)
- wheezing (1)
- white matter hyperintensity (1)
- whole abdominal radiotherapy (1)
- whole genome sequencing (1)
- whole slide image (1)
- wild boar carcass (1)
- wildfires (1)
- wind (1)
- wind energy (1)
- wind erosion (1)
- wind turbines (1)
- wing geometric morphometrics (1)
- women problem (1)
- wood-inhabiting fungi (1)
- word order in Italian and Greek (1)
- workaholism (1)
- workplace health promotion (1)
- x-ray techniques (1)
- xefoampeptides (1)
- xenograft (1)
- yeast fatty acid synthase (1)
- yellow flags (1)
- young people (1)
- youth football (1)
- youth policy (1)
- youth transition regimes (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zebrafish development (1)
- zinc finger (1)
- zoo education (1)
- zooplankton (1)
- zymogen (1)
- µ-protein (1)
- Ältere Menschen (1)
- École de Francfort (1)
- ÖPNV (1)
- Öffentlichkeit (1)
- Übertragungswege (1)
- öffentliche Erwachsenenbildung (1)
- öffentlicher Raum (1)
- öffentlicher Verkehr (1)
- ΔNp63 (1)
- α-amylase inhibitor (1)
- α-particles (1)
- β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex (1)
- γ‐H2AX (1)
- η/s (1)
- 失去; 丧亲 (1)
- 延长哀伤障碍 (1)
- 持续性复 杂丧亲障碍 (1)
- fibrogenesis (1)
- field-effect transistor (1)
- fingolimod (1)
- 𝒮-cone (1)
Institute
- Medizin (742)
- Präsidium (278)
- Physik (269)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (216)
- Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe (SAFE) (167)
- Biowissenschaften (159)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (152)
- Informatik (117)
- Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie (104)
- Neuere Philologien (95)
Vor zwei Monaten traf ich Sascia Bailer, die Künstlerischen Leiterin des M.1 der Arthur Boskamp-Stiftung in Hohenlockstedt, um über ihr Programm "Care" zu sprechen. Seitdem haben die dramatischen Geschehnisse uns gezwungen, die Realität neu zu überdenken. Bailers Konzept hat in der gegenwärtigen Krise nur an Aktualität gewonnen: Wir alle werden uns noch lange erinnern, wie sich die Care-Arbeitenden – Krankenschwestern, Pfleger*innen, Ärzt*innen und Sozialarbeiter*innen – in den Zeiten der höchsten Not, um uns gekümmert haben. Das Programm in der Ausstellungshalle M.1 hat das Ziel, die Unsichtbarkeit der Fürsorge und ihre Überlastung zu thematisieren und dieser entgegenzuwirken. Im Moment sind die Räume des M.1 sowie alle anderen Museen in Deutschland geschlossen, es lohnt sich aber, genau hinzuschauen, wie neue Dialoge in unserer Gemeinschaft hergestellt werden und welche Rolle dabei die Kunst spielen kann.
Biominerals fossilisation: fish bone diagenesis in plio–pleistocene african hominid sites of Malawi
(2020)
Fish fossilisation is relatively poorly known, and skeletal element modifications resulting from predation, burial and diagenesis need to be better investigated. In this article, we aim to provide new results about surface, structural and chemical changes in modern and fossil fish bone. Fossil samples come from two distinct localities of roughly the same age in the Pliocene–Pleistocene Chiwondo Beds adjacent to Lake Malawi. Optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were carried out on three categories of fish bones: (i) fresh modern samples collected in the lake, (ii) extracted from modern fish eagle regurgitation pellets, and (iii) fossils from Malema and Mwenirondo localities. A comparison of these data allowed us to detect various modifications of bone surfaces and structure as well as composition changes. Some differences are observed between fresh bones and modern pellets, and between pellets and fossils. Moreover, fossil fish bone surface modifications, crystallinity, and chemical composition from Malema and Mwenirondo differ despite their chronological and spatial proximities (2.5–2.4 Ma, 500 m). In both sites, the post-predation modifications are strong and may hide alterations due to the predation by bird of prey such as the fish eagle. The combination of the used methods is relevant to analyses of diagenetic alterations in fish bones.
Thermal leptogenesis, in the framework of the standard model with three additional heavy Majorana neutrinos, provides an attractive scenario to explain the observed baryon asymmetry in the universe. It is based on the out-of-equilibrium decay of Majorana neutrinos in a thermal bath of standard model particles, which in a fully quantum field theoretical formalism is obtained by solving Kadanoff-Baym equations. So far, the leading two-loop contributions from leptons and Higgs particles are included, but not yet gauge corrections. These enter at three-loop level but, in certain kinematical regimes, require a resummation to infinite loop order for a result to leading order in the gauge coupling. In this work, we apply such a resummation to the calculation of the lepton number density. The full result for the simplest “vanilla leptogenesis” scenario is by O(1) increased compared to that of quantum Boltzmann equations, and for the first time permits an estimate of all theoretical uncertainties. This step completes the quantum theory of leptogenesis and forms the basis for quantitative evaluations, as well as extensions to other scenarios.
Bei Suizidformen mit mehreren Suizidenten und Opfern werden teilweise in Literatur und Rechtsprechung eine unterschiedliche Nomenklatur und Interpretation der Begrifflichkeiten vorgenommen. Der Beitrag analysiert die Begrifflichkeiten und befasst sich im Speziellen mit dem Phänomen des Doppelsuizids. Historische Fälle von Doppelsuiziden werden angeführt. Anhand von Fallkonstellationen werden rechtliche Bewertungen vorgenommen, die beim einseitig fehlgeschlagenen Doppelsuizid praxisrelevant werden können. Dabei werden die mitunter konträren Auffassungen in der einschlägigen Literatur und der Rechtsprechung dargestellt und Lösungsansätze aufgezeigt. Zudem verdeutlichen die Fallkonstellationen die Relevanz einer umfassenden Tatortarbeit und einer tatnahen Klärung der Motivationslage bei dem Überlebenden bzw. den Verstorbenen.
Disagreement among philosophers over the proper justification for political institutions is far from a new phenomenon. Thus, it should not come as a surprise that there is substantial room for dissent on this matter within democratic theory. As is well known, instrumentalism and proceduralism represent the two primary viewpoints that democrats can adopt to vindicate democratic legitimacy. While the former notoriously derives the value of democracy from its outcomes, the latter claims that a democratic decision-making process is inherently valuable. This article has two aims. First, it introduces three variables with which we can thoroughly categorise the aforementioned approaches. Second, it argues that the more promising version of proceduralism is extrinsic, rather than intrinsic, and that extrinsically procedural accounts can appeal to other values in the justification of democracy without translating into instrumentalism. This article is organised as follows. I present what I consider to be the ‘implicit view’ in the justification of democracy. Then, I analyse each of the three variables in a different section. Finally, I raise an objection against procedural views grounded in relational equality, which cannot account for the idea that democracy is a necessary condition for political legitimacy.
This paper investigates how French signals prominence in prosody in the post-verbal domain of sentences with two objects or two adjuncts that vary in information status and prosodic length. The information status of particular interest here is dual focus, defined as the presence of two foci in a mono-clausal sentence, but other information states are investigated as well. The controlled production experiment we report on allows for a detailed examination of prosodic prominence. High boundary tones at the end of non-final prosodic phrases are pervasive, as has been documented in many studies before the present one. An important but less documented result is the variation in different prosodic curs, in particular in the number and position of high tones, as well as the particular scaling relationship between them, providing a powerful tool for the expression of (dual) focus. We also report on a perception experiment with our data, showing a clear tendency for French listeners to select the intended context question, recognizing dual focus better than other information states. Overall, this article provides elements of answers as to why French prosody is so difficult to pin down, and why contradictory results and analyses have been proposed for this language.
Remote sensing data are essential for monitoring the Earth’s surface waters, especially since the amount of publicly available in-situ data is declining. Satellite altimetry provides valuable information on the water levels and variations of lakes, reservoirs and rivers. In combination with satellite imagery, the derived time series allow the monitoring of lake storage changes and river discharge. However, satellite altimetry is limited in terms of its spatial resolution due to its measurement geometry, only providing information in the nadir direction beneath the satellite’s orbit. In a case study in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB), this study investigates the potential and limitations of past and current satellite missions for the monitoring of basin-wide storage changes. For that purpose, an automated target detection is developed and the extracted lake surfaces are merged with the satellites’ tracks. This reveals that the current altimeter configuration misses about 80% of all lakes larger than 0.1 km2 in the MRB and 20% of lakes larger than 10 km2, corresponding to 30% and 7% of the total water area, respectively. Past altimetry configurations perform even more poorly. From the larger water bodies represented by a global hydrology model, at least 91% of targets and 98% of storage changes are captured by the current altimeter configuration. This will improve significantly with the launch of the planned Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission.
Purpose: We evaluated efficacy and safety profile of patients with anticoagulation therapy (AT) undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP).
Methods: Within our prospective institutional database (11/2017 to 11/2019), we analyzed functional outcomes and 30-day complication rates of HoLEP patients according to Clavien–Dindo classification (CLD), stratified according to specific AT vs. no AT. Further analyses consisted of uni- and multivariate logistic regression models (LRM) predicting complications.
Results: Of 268 patients undergoing HoLEP, 104 (38.8%) received AT: 25.7% were treated with platelet aggregation inhibitors (PAI), 8.2% with new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) and 4.9% with AT-combinations or coumarins bridged with low molecular weight heparins (LMWH/combination). Patients receiving AT were significantly more comorbid (p < 0.01). Pre- and postoperative maximal flow rates, residual void urine and IPSS at 3 months after surgery were invariably improved after HoLEP for patients with/ without AT. Overall complication rate was 19.5% in patients with no AT vs. 26.1% vs. 27.3 vs. 46.2%, respectively, in patients with PAI, NOAC and LMWH/combination (p < 0.01). Major complications (CLD ≥ 3b) occurred in 6.1% of no AT patients vs. 4.3% vs. 4.5 vs. 0% in patients with PAI, NOAC and LMWH/combination, respectively (p < 0.01). In multivariate LRM, AT was not significantly associated with higher complication rates, whereas high ASA status (OR 2.2, p = 0.04), age (OR 1.04, p = 0.02) and bioptical or incidental prostate cancer (OR 2.5, p = 0.01) represented independent risk factors.
Conclusion: Despite higher overall complication rates in AT patients, major complications were not more frequent in AT patients. HoLEP is safe and effective in anticoagulated patients.
Objective: Relative to urban populations, rural patients may have more limited access to care, which may undermine timely bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosis and even survival.
Methods: We tested the effect of residency status (rural areas [RA < 2500 inhabitants] vs. urban clusters [UC ≥ 2500 inhabitants] vs. urbanized areas [UA, ≥50,000 inhabitants]) on BCa stage at presentation, as well as on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other cause mortality (OCM), according to the US Census Bureau definition. Multivariate competing risks regression (CRR) models were fitted after matching of RA or UC with UA in stage-stratified analyses.
Results: Of 222,330 patients, 3496 (1.6%) resided in RA, 25,462 (11.5%) in UC and 193,372 (87%) in UA. Age, tumor stage, radical cystectomy rates or chemotherapy use were comparable between RA, UC and UA (all p > 0.05). At 10 years, RA was associated with highest OCM followed by UC and UA (30.9% vs. 27.7% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.01). Similarly, CSM was also marginally higher in RA or UC vs. UA (20.0% vs. 20.1% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.01). In stage-stratified, fully matched CRR analyses, increased OCM and CSM only applied to stage T1 BCa patients.
Conclusion: We did not observe meaningful differences in access to treatment or stage distribution, according to residency status. However, RA and to a lesser extent UC residency status, were associated with higher OCM and marginally higher CSM in T1N0M0 patients. This observation should be further validated or refuted in additional epidemiological investigations.
Climate change is influencing some environmental variables in the Southern Ocean (SO) and this will have an effect on the marine biodiversity. Peracarid crustaceans are one of the dominant and most species-rich groups of the SO benthos. To date, our knowledge on the influence of environmental variables in shaping abundance and species composition in the SO’s peracarid assemblages is limited, and with regard to ice coverage it is unknown. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of sea ice coverage, chlorophyll-a, and phytoplankton concentrations on abundance, distribution and assemblage structure of peracarids. In addition, the influence of other physical parameters on peracarid abundance was assessed, including depth, temperature, salinity, sediment type, current velocity, oxygen, iron, nitrate, silicate and phosphate. Peracarids were sampled with an epibenthic sledge (EBS) in different areas of the Atlantic sector of the SO and in the Weddell Sea. Sampling areas were characterized by different regimes of ice coverage (the ice free South Orkney Islands, the seasonally ice-covered Filchner Trough and the Eastern Antarctic Peninsula including the Prince Gustav Channel which was formerly covered by a perennial ice shelf). In total 64766 individuals of peracarids were collected and identified to order level including five orders: Amphipoda, Cumacea, Isopoda, Mysidacea, and Tanaidacea. Amphipoda was the most abundant taxon, representing 32% of the overall abundances, followed by Cumacea (31%), Isopoda (29%), Mysidacea (4%), and Tanaidacea (4%). The Filchner Trough had the highest abundance of peracarids, while the South Orkney Islands showed the lowest abundance compared to other areas. Ice coverage was the main environmental driver shaping the abundance pattern and assemblage structure of peracarids and the latter were positively correlated with ice coverage and chlorophyll-a concentration. We propose that the positive correlation between sea ice and peracarid abundances is likely due to phytoplankton blooms triggered by seasonal sea ice melting, which might increase the food availability for benthos. Variations in ice coverage extent and seasonality due to climate change would strongly influence the abundance and assemblage structure of benthic peracarids.
Objectives: To review systematically the past 10 years of research activity into the healthcare experiences (HCX) of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in Germany, in order to identify research foci and gaps and make recommendations for future research. Design: In this scoping review, six databases and grey literature sources were systematically searched for articles reporting HCX of patients with CHF in Germany that were published between 2008 and 2018. Extracted results were summarised using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. Results: Of the 18 studies (100%) that met the inclusion criteria, most were observational studies (60%) that evaluated findings quantitatively (60%). HCX were often concerned with patient information, global satisfaction as well as relationships and communication between patients and providers and generally covered ambulatory care, hospital care and rehabilitation services. Overall, the considerable heterogeneity of the included studies’ outcomes only permitted relatively trivial levels of synthesis. Conclusion: In Germany, research on HCX of patients with CHF is characterised by missing, inadequate and insufficient information. Future research would benefit from qualitative analyses, evidence syntheses, longitudinal analyses that investigate HCX throughout the disease trajectory, and better reporting of sociodemographic data. Furthermore, research should include studies that are based on digital data, reports of experiences gained in under-investigated yet patient-relevant healthcare settings and include more female subjects.
Ehrenmord : ein Phänomen zwischen Obskurantismus, Angst und wirtschaftlichem Kalkül : ein Essay
(2020)
Ehrenmord ist ein komplexes Phänomen, in dem sich diverse psychologische, historische, religiöse, ethnologische, juristische, wirtschaftliche und soziologische Vorstellungen und Interessen explosiv aufeinandertreffen. Um die Ehrenmordmotive zu verstehen, sollten die Menge der Faktoren und Beweggründe differenziert und jedes der Motive sowohl einzeln als auch im Zusammenwirken betrachtet werden. Generell sind herbei zwei Aspekte besonders hervorzuheben: verdrängte sozial-tabuisierte Sexualität einerseits und wirtschaftlicher Kalkül andererseits. Die islamischen Inhalte begründen zwar Ehrenmord nicht direkt, untermauern aber an einigen Punkten konservative Vorstellungen innerhalb der Stammesmentalität, die zu einem Ehrenmord als logisch erscheinende Konsequenz führen können. Voraussetzung dafür ist jedoch eine extrem konservative Leseart der islamischen Quellen.
Functional genomics studies in model organisms and human cell lines provided important insights into gene functions and their context-dependent role in genetic circuits. However, our functional understanding of many of these genes and how they combinatorically regulate key biological processes, remains limited. To enable the SpCas9-dependent mapping of gene-gene interactions in human cells, we established 3Cs multiplexing for the generation of combinatorial gRNA libraries in a distribution-unbiased manner and demonstrate its robust performance. The optimal number for combinatorial hit calling was 16 gRNA pairs and the skew of a library’s distribution was identified as a critical parameter dictating experimental scale and data quality. Our approach enabled us to investigate 247,032 gRNA-pairs targeting 12,736 gene-interactions in human autophagy. We identified novel genes essential for autophagy and provide experimental evidence that gene-associated categories of phenotypic strengths exist in autophagy. Furthermore, circuits of autophagy gene interactions reveal redundant nodes driven by paralog genes. Our combinatorial 3Cs approach is broadly suitable to investigate unexpected gene-interaction phenotypes in unperturbed and diseased cell contexts.
Background: Blunt chest (thoracic) trauma (TxT) and haemorrhagic shock with subsequent resuscitation (H/R) induce strong systemic and local inflammatory response, which is closely associated with apoptotic cell loss and subsequently impaired organ function. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, therefore, the treatment of patients suffering from TxT+H/R is challenging. In our recent studies, we have demonstrated local anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl pyruvate (EtP) in lung and liver after TxT+H/R. Here, the therapeutic potential of a reperfusion regime with EtP on the early post-traumatic systemic inflammatory response and apoptotic changes after TxT followed by H/R were investigated.
Methods: Female Lewis rats underwent TxT followed by haemorrhagic shock (60 min). Resuscitation was performed with own blood transfusion and either lactated Ringers solution (LR) or LR supplemented with EtP (50 mg/kg). Sham group underwent the surgical procedures. After 2 h blood as well as lung and liver tissues were obtained for analyses. Systemic activation of neutrophils (expression of CD11b and CD62L), leukocyte phagocytosis, apoptosis (caspase-3/7 activation), pyroptosis (caspase-1 activation) and NF-κB p65 activity were assessed. p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: TxT+H/R-induced systemic activation of neutrophils (increased CD11b and reduced CD62L expression) was significantly reduced by EtP. Trauma-induced delayed neutrophil apoptosis was further reduced by EtP reperfusion but remained unaltered in monocytes. Reperfusion with EtP significantly increased the phagocytizing capacity of granulocytes. Trauma-induced inflammasome activation, which was observed in monocytes and not in neutrophils, was significantly reduced by EtP in both cell entities. NF-κB p65 activation, which was increased in neutrophils and monocytes was significantly decreased in monocytes.
Conclusion: TxT+H/R-induced systemic activation of both neutrophils and monocytes concomitant with increased systemic inflammation was reduced by a reperfusion with EtP and was associated with a down-regulation of NF-κB p65 activation.
Hintergrund: Das genaue Wissen um die Umstände eines jeden tödlichen Arbeitsunfalls ist Voraussetzung für die Identifizierung von Unfallschwerpunkten und ermöglicht eine effektive Präventionsarbeit. Mit dieser rechtsmedizinischen Studie zum Arbeitsunfallgeschehen soll ein Beitrag dazu geleistet werden, die Zahl tödlicher Arbeitsunfälle in Deutschland zu senken.
Material und Methode: Zur Untersuchung kamen die tödlichen Arbeitsunfälle, die sich im Einzugsbereich des rechtsmedizinischen Instituts Frankfurt am Main in den Jahren von 2005 bis 2016 ereigneten. Ausgewertet wurden Obduktionsprotokolle sowie die dem Institut zur Verfügung gestellten staatsanwaltschaftlichen Ermittlungsakten.
Ergebnisse: Es fanden sich 87 tödliche Arbeitsunfälle in dem genannten Zwölfjahreszeitraum. Die Altersstruktur reichte vom jugendlichen Alter bis in das Rentenalter. Betroffen waren zum größten Teil männliche Arbeiter (96,6 %, p < 0,0001), verhältnismäßig häufig ausländischer Nationalität (34,5 %). Die meisten Unfälle ereigneten sich in der 2. Jahreshälfte (58,6 %), an Montagen (26,4 %), kurz vor und nach der Mittagspause. In 3 Fällen lag die Blutalkoholkonzentration über 0,5‰. Die Baubranche (55,2 %) war der unfallträchtigste Wirtschaftszweig. Der Absturz (28,7 %) war der häufigste Unfallmechanismus und das Polytrauma (39,1 %) gemeinsam mit dem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (24,1 %) gemäß dem ISS die häufigste Todesursache.
Diskussion: Nach den Ergebnissen dieser Studie sollten Alter der Arbeiter sowie die Tages‑, Wochen- und Jahreszeit bei der Ausführung risikoreicher Arbeiten im Baugewerbe berücksichtigt werden. Besonderes Augenmerk sollten Arbeitgeber auf die Kontrolle von Sicherheitsvorkehrungen bei Arbeiten in der Höhe sowie auf die Durchsetzung der Helmpflicht gerade auch bei ausländischen Arbeitnehmern legen.
Despite the great success of antiretroviral therapy, both in the treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection, a vaccine is still urgently needed to end the epidemic. According to UNAIDS, in 2018, about 35% of HIV-1 infected persons did not receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), resulting in 1.7 million new infections in that year...
Despite the great success of antiretroviral therapy, both in the treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection, a vaccine is still urgently needed to end the epidemic. According to UNAIDS, in 2018, about 35% of HIV-1 infected persons did not receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), resulting in 1.7 million new infections in that year. One major reason for actual HIV-1 transmissions is the fact that about 20% of HIV- 1 infected persons do not know about their HIV-positive status and therefore are not on ART despite the potential high viral load linked to high risk of virus transmission. Therefore, in particular in countries with high HIV incidence, a preventive vaccine is required to reduce HIV transmissions in the general population. In this special issue of Vaccines, invited experts contribute a series of articles to the current understanding of antibody-based HIV-1 vaccine development. ...
Inhibitoren der Apoptose (IAP, inhibitor of apoptosis) Proteine spielen eine wichtige Rolle in Bezug auf Zelltodregulation und es ist anzunehmen, dass eine Dysregulation dieser Proteine zu einer Tumorentwicklung und Tumorprogression beiträgt. Erhöhte Expressionslevel von IAP Proteinen verhindern die Aktivierbarkeit des Zelltodprogrammes von Tumorzellen und eine Reihe von Studien konnte bereits erhöhte IAP Level in Tumorzelllinien sowie in primären Tumorproben nachweisen. Des Weiteren korrelieren erhöhte Expressionslevel von IAPs in Tumoren mit Behandlungsresistenzen und schlechten Prognosen für die Patienten.
Das diffuse großzellige B-Zell Lymphom (DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) zählt zu den häufigsten Subtypen der Non-Hodgkin Lymphome (NHL) mit 40 % aller neu diagnostizierten NHL Fälle. DLBCL ist eine sehr heterogene Erkrankung die in drei verschiedene Gruppen klassifiziert wurde: aktivierter B-Zell Typ (ABC, activated B-cell), Keimzentrum B-Zell Typ (GCB, germinal center B-Cell) und Mediastinaler großzelliger B-Zell Typ (PMBL, primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma). Erhöhte Expressionslevel von zellulärem IAP1 (cIAP, cellular IAP) und cIAP2 wurden ebenfalls in primären Tumorproben von DLBCL Patienten nachgewiesen. Smac mimetics wurden entwickelt, um IAPs zu antagonisieren und stellen damit eine Behandlungsstrategie für DLBCL Patienten dar, denn ca. 40 % aller DLBCL Patienten entwickeln ein Rezidiv oder erreichen gar keine Remission unter Standardtherapie. Jedoch ist der Effekt von Smac mimetics in einer Einzelbehandlung limitiert, weswegen Kombinationstherapien mit Smac mimetics eine vielversprechende Strategie für ihren klinischen Einsatz darstellen. Aus diesem Grund haben wir in dieser Arbeit den Effekt von Smac mimetic in Kombination mit Proteasom-Inhibitoren analysiert und einen speziellen Fokus auf den molekularen Mechanismus des ausgelösten Zelltodsignalweges gelegt.
Die Kombination verschiedener Konzentrationen des Smac mimetics BV6 mit dem Proteasom-Inhibitor carfilzomib (CFZ) löst in allen drei getesteten DLBCL Subtypen (ABC, GCB und PMBL) Zelltod aus. Die Kalkulation des Kombinationsindexes (CI, combination index) sowie des Bliss Scores, zwei quantitative Parameter zur Bestimmung eines Synergismus, zeigen, dass fast alle getesteten Kombinationen einen Synergismus aufweisen. Dies verdeutlicht, dass eine Co-Behandlung von BV6 und CFZ eine wirksame Kombination ist um Zelltod in DLBCL Zelllinien auszulösen. Außerdem zeigt eine Kombination von BV6 mit anderen Proteasom-Inhibitoren wie ixazomib (IXA) oder oprozomib (OPR), ebenfalls eine synergistische Reduktion der Zellviabilität. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der detektierte Effekt nicht auf eine Substanz limitiert ist, sondern, dass ein genereller Effekt von Smac mimetic und Proteasom-Inhibitoren vorliegt, um Zellviabilität in DLBCL zu reduzieren. BV6 und CFZ induzieren einen apoptotischen Zelltod, da sie die Spaltung und Aktivierung von Initiator- und Effektorcaspasen (Caspasen-3, -7, -8 und -9) initiieren und sich der induzierte Zelltod mit Hilfe des Caspasen-Inhibitors zVAD.fmk verhindern lässt. Die Behandlung mit BV6 und CFZ führt zu einer Akkumulation von NIK, ein Protein welches zur Aktivierung des non-kanonischen NF-kB Signalweges benötigt wird. Weitere Untersuchungen zeigen jedoch, dass NIK nicht an der Zelltodinduktion beteiligt ist, da eine siRNA-basierte Herunterregulierung des NIK Proteins keinen Einfluss auf die Zelltodinduktion nimmt. Ebenfalls ist der Zelltod unabhängig von dem TNFa Signalweg, da weder eine Behandlung mit dem TNFa Inhibitor Enbrel den Zelltod verringern kann noch eine zusätzliche Gabe von TNFa den Zelltod erhöht. Weitere mechanistische Studien zeigen eine kritische Rolle der mitochondrialen Apoptose für den BV6/CFZ-vermittelten Zelltod. Unter Behandlung mit BV6/CFZ wurde eine Aktivierung von BAX und BAK nachgewiesen, welche beide mit verantwortlich für die Porenbildung in der mitochondrialen Membran sind. Eine Herunterregulation dieser beiden Proteine mittels siRNA reduziert signifikant den durch BV6/CFZ-induzierten Zelltod auf ein Minimum. Gleichzeitig löst eine Co-Behandlung mit BV6/CFZ einen Verlust des mitochondrialen Membranpotentials (LOMMP, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential) aus. In Übereinstimmung mit den vorherigen Experimenten, zeigen wir eine Akkumulation von mitochondrialen reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies (ROS; reactive oxygen species), sowie einen generellen Anstieg des allgemeinen ROS Levels. Eine Behandlung mit BV6/CFZ zeigt eine deutliche Akkumulation des pro-apoptotischen Proteins NOXA. Um dessen funktionelle Relevanz zu überprüfen, wurde die Proteinmenge von NOXA mittels siRNA stark reduziert. Eine Behandlung mit der Kombination aus BV6 und CFZ zeigt daraufhin eine signifikant reduzierte Zelltodinduktion, was die funktionelle Relevanz von NOXA für den BV6/CFZ-vermittelten Zelltod unterstreicht. Immunopräzipitationsstudien zeigen, dass in RIVA und U2932 Zellen NOXA konstitutiv an seinen anti-apoptotischen Bindungspartner MCL-1 gebunden ist, was die Zellen bereits darauf vorbereitet Apoptose zu durchlaufen. Dieses sogenannte „primen“ für Apoptose wird durch die Behandlung mit BV6 und CFZ weiter verstärkt, da es die Bindung zwischen NOXA und MCL-1 weiter erhöht. Dadurch wird die Balance zwischen pro- und anti-apoptotischen Proteinen zu Gunsten der pro-apoptotischen Proteine verschoben und die Induktion von Apoptose begünstigt.
Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass DLBCL Zelllinien sensitiv auf eine Behandlung mit Smac mimetic und Proteasom-Inhibitor reagieren und damit eine mögliche neue Behandlungsstrategie für diese heterogene Tumorerkrankung darstellt.
The efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer is often limited by the development of drug resistance. In most ovarian cancer cells, cisplatin activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling. Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes (PEA-15) is a ubiquitously expressed protein, capable of sequestering ERK1/2 in the cytoplasm and inhibiting cell proliferation. This and other functions of PEA-15 are regulated by its phosphorylation status. In this study, the relevance of PEA-15 phosphorylation state for cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells was examined. The results of MTT-assays indicated that overexpression of PEA-15AA (a non-phosphorylatable variant) sensitised SKOV-3 cells to cisplatin. Phosphomimetic PEA-15DD did not affect cell sensitivity to the drug. While PEA-15DD facilitates nuclear translocation of activated ERK1/2, PEA-15AA acts to sequester the kinase in the cytoplasm as shown by Western blot. Microarray data indicated deregulation of thirteen genes in PEA-15AA-transfected cells compared to non-transfected or PEA-15DD-transfected variants. Data derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that the expression of seven of these genes including EGR1 (early growth response protein 1) and FLNA (filamin A) significantly correlated with the therapy outcome in cisplatin-treated cancer patients. Further analysis indicated the relevance of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signalling for the favourable effect of PEA-15AA on cisplatin sensitivity. The results warrant further evaluation of the PEA-15 phosphorylation status as a potential candidate biomarker of response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
This paper studies the impact of financial sector size and leverage on business cycles and risk-free rates dynamics. We model a general equilibrium productive economy where financial intermediaries provide costly risk mitigation to households by pooling the idiosyncratic risks of their investment activities. We find that leverage amplifies variations of intermediaries’ relative size, but may also mitigate the business cycle. Moreover, it makes risk-free rates pro-cyclical. Households benefit the most when the financial sector is neither too small, thus avoiding high consumption fluctuations and costly mitigation, nor too big, so that fewer resources are lost after intermediation costs.
Nach knapp vier Monaten Corona-Krise stellen sich auch der Wissenschaft viele Fragen: Sind bestimmte Teile der Gesellschaft stärker von den Folgen betroffen, klafft eine Gerechtigkeitslücke? Öffnen sich vielleicht aber auch Wege für neue medizinische, gesellschaftliche, wirtschaftliche und ökologische Ansätze? Forscherinnen und Forscher der Goethe-Universität aus verschiedenen Disziplinen wagen eine Zwischenbilanz und einen Ausblick.
This paper explores the many interesting implications for oscillator design, with optimized phase-noise performance, deriving from a newly proposed model based on the concept of oscillator conjugacy. For the case of 2-D (planar) oscillators, the model prominently predicts that only circuits producing a perfectly symmetric steady-state can have zero amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) noise conversion, a so-called zero-state. Simulations on standard industry oscillator circuits verify all model predictions and, however, also show that these circuit classes cannot attain zero-states except in special limit-cases which are not practically relevant. Guided by the newly acquired design rules, we describe the synthesis of a novel 2-D reduced-order LC oscillator circuit which achieves several zero-states while operating at realistic output power levels. The potential future application of this developed theoretical framework for implementation of numerical algorithms aimed at optimizing oscillator phase-noise performance is briefly discussed.
In partially molten regions inside the earth melt buoyancy may trigger upwelling of both solid and fluid phases, i.e. diapirism. If the melt is allowed to move separately with respect to the matrix, melt perturbations may evolve into solitary porosity waves. While diapirs may form on a wide range of scales, porosity waves are restricted to sizes of a few times the compaction length. Thus, the size of a partially molten perturbation controls whether a diapir or a porosity wave will emerge. We study the transition from diapiric rise to solitary porosity waves by solving the two-phase flow equations of conservation of mass and momentum in 2D with porosity dependent matrix viscosity. We systematically vary the initial size of a porosity perturbation from 1 to 100 times the compaction length. If the perturbation is much larger than a regular solitary wave, its Stokes velocity is large and therefore faster than the segregating melt. Consequently, the fluid is not able to form a porosity wave and a diapir emerges. For small perturbations solitary waves emerge, either with a positive or negative vertical matrix velocity inside. In between the diapir and solitary wave regimes we observe a third regime of solitary wave induced focusing of melt. In these cases, diapirism is dominant but the fluid is still fast enough to locally build up small solitary waves which rise slightly faster than the diapir and form finger like structures at the front of the diapir. In our numerical simulations the width of these fingers is controlled by the compaction length or the grid size, whichever is larger. In cases where the compaction length becomes similar to or smaller than the grid size the finger-like leading solitary porosity waves are no more properly resolved, and too big and too fast waves may be the result. Therefore, one should be careful in large scale two-phase flow modelling with melt focusing especially when compaction length and grid size are of similar order.
Makorins are evolutionary conserved proteins that contain C3H-type zinc finger modules and a RING E3 ubiquitin ligase domain. In Drosophila, maternal Makorin 1 (Mkrn1) has been linked to embryonic patterning but the mechanism remained unsolved. Here, we show that Mkrn1 is essential for axis specification and pole plasm assembly by translational activation of oskar (osk). We demonstrate that Mkrn1 interacts with poly(A) binding protein (pAbp) and binds specifically to osk 3’ UTR in a region adjacent to A-rich sequences. Using Drosophila S2R+ cultured cells we show that this binding site overlaps with a Bruno1 (Bru1) responsive element (BREs) that regulates osk translation. We observe increased association of the translational repressor Bru1 with osk mRNA upon depletion of Mkrn1, indicating that both proteins compete for osk binding. Consistently, reducing Bru1 dosage partially rescues viability and Osk protein level in ovaries from Mkrn1 females. We conclude that Mkrn1 controls embryonic patterning and germ cell formation by specifically activating osk translation, most likely by competing with Bru1 to bind to osk 3’ UTR.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain microenvironment from external damage. It is formed by endothelial cells (ECs) lining the brain vessels, expressing tight junctions and having reduced transcytosis, resulting in a very low paracellular and transcellular passage of substances, respectively (low permeability). The specific BBB phenotype is maintained by Wnt molecules secreted by astrocytes (ACs) that bind to receptors in ECs, and start a molecular cascade that leads to β-catenin translocating to the nucleus and activating the transcription of BBB genes.
An increasing number of studies report BBB dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although the topic is currently under debate. AD is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by brain depositions of Aβ aggregates and Tau neurofibrillary tangles. The aetiology of AD is unknown, although round 5% of all AD cases have a genetic origin. Mutations in APP or PSEN1/2 can lead to Aβ over-production and accumulation, causing familiar AD. There is no cure for AD, as all clinical trials failed during the past years. Consequently, I studied the role of the BBB in AD, aiming to investigate if a BBB dysfunction occurs in AD, and to identify by transcriptomic analysis novel gene regulations happening at the BBB in AD. The final objective was to evaluate the potential of identified BBB genes as therapeutical target.
I used transgenic mice expressing the human APP mutations Swiss, Dutch and Iowa under the control of the neuronal promoter Thy1 (Thy1-APPSwDI) as AD model. In this AD mouse model, I could detect Aβ deposits and memory loss by immunofluorescence (IF) and behavioural tests. Importantly, I identified an increase of BBB permeability to 3-4 kDa dextrans in 6 months, 9-12 months, and 18 months or older AD mice compared to age-matched control wild types (WT), indicating BBB dysfunction in AD mice.
In order to study the BBB transcriptional changes in AD, I sequenced the RNA from 6 and 18 months old AD and WT mouse brain microvessels (MBMVs), as well as of FACS-sorted ECs, mural cells (MuCs), ACs, and microglia (MG) in collaboration with GenXPro, a company specialized in 3’ RNA sequencing. Currently, no transcriptomic datasets of ECs and MuCs are publicly available, suggesting that this is the first study sequencing those cell types in the context of AD.
The analysis of sequencing data from MBMVs and ECs revealed a Wnt/β-catenin repression, and an increase of inflammatory genes like Ccl3 in ECs, that could explain the BBB dysfunction observed in AD mice. Furthermore, the sequencing data from MuCs identified a set of 11 genes strongly regulated in both 6 and 18 month AD groups. Three of those 11 genes are known to be involved in inflammatory processes, demonstrating that inflammation affects and plays an important role in MuCs and ECs during AD.
Thanks to published sequencing data, some up-regulated MG genes in AD are well known and recognized, such as Trem2 and Apoe. Those genes were found in the FACS-sorted MG data as well, validating the AD model and with it, the other novel sequenced datasets. Importantly, one of the most strongly AD-regulated genes in MBMV and MG samples was Dkk2, a member of the Dickkopf family of secreted proteins known to be involved in Wnt signalling modulation. Importantly, a dual luciferase reporter assay proved that Dkk2 is a Wnt inhibitor. A preliminary immunohistochemistry examination of DKK2 in human brain autopsy tissue from an AD patient and age-matched control revealed a stronger DKK2 immunoreactivity in the AD brain.
In order to answer the question whether a rescue of BBB function would ameliorate AD symptoms, I made use of a tamoxifen-inducible transgenic mouse line to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway specifically in ECs, leading to a gain of function (GOF) condition (Cdh5-CreERT2+/–/Ctnnb1(Ex3)fl/fl). This mouse line was then crossed with the AD line, creating AD/GOF and AD/control groups.
AD/GOF mice performed better in a Y-Maze memory test than AD/controls when the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was induced before AD onset, indicating a protective effect. Moreover, the finding implies that shielding BBB functioning in AD further protects the brain from AD toxic effects, suggesting an important role of brain vasculature in AD and its potential as therapeutic target.
Die Zigarettenalben entwickelten sich in den 1930er Jahren zu einem vitalen Instrument der Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftskommunikation. Da sowohl die Zigarettenindustrie als auch das NS-Regime manipulativ auf soziale Gruppen einwirken wollten, war es folgerichtig, dass Wirtschaft und Politik das beliebte Massenmedium als Kommunikationsinstrument einsetzten, um von dem propagandistischen Synergieeffekt zu profitieren. In den Zigarettenbildern mit NS-Inhalten manifestiert sich die Assimilation ökonomischer und propagandistischer Interessen, die seit Beginn der Professionalisierung von Werbung und Propaganda eingesetzt hatte. Die NS-Propaganda knüpfte bei der strategischen und operativen Planung an die Forschung der Weimarer Zeit an, die sich mit den sozialpsychologischen Grundlagen der Propaganda, Massenkommunikation und Werbewirkung sowie der Propaganda der Entente während des Ersten Weltkrieges auseinandergesetzt hatte.
Die kommunikationspolitische Allianz zwischen Politik und Wirtschaft beruhte nicht auf gesellschaftspolitischer Konformität, sondern auf einem vielschichtigen, beidseitigen Abhängigkeitsverhältnis. Die Beteiligung der Zigarettenindustrie an der NS-Propaganda war bis auf wenige Ausnahmen kein Ausdruck einer politischen Gesinnung, sondern rein monetären Motiven geschuldet oder wie bei Reemtsma auch unternehmenspolitische Strategie. Letztendlich profitierten die Zigarettenfabrikanten wirtschaftlich, denn sie konnten an dem gesellschaftpolitischen Interesse der Bevölkerung in Bezug auf NS-Themen im Rahmen der Sammelwerke partizipieren. Aber auch das NS-Regime profitierte wirtschaftlich. Neben den finanziellen Vorteilteilnahmen und der Multiplikation der NS-Ideologie profitierte das NS-Regime von den Zigarettenbildern auch als psychologisches Instrument der Truppenbetreuung, denn das Oberkommando der Wehrmacht erachtete die Zigarettenbilder für die Betreuung der Soldaten als unerlässlich.
Mit der Nutzung der Zigarettenalben begab sich aber auch das NS-Regime in Abhängigkeit zur Zigarettenindustrie, denn Populärkultur erfordert effektive Produktionsmittel und Distributionskanäle, die die Multiplikation der Medien gewährleisten sowie ambitionierte Unternehmer, die eine Gewinnmaximierung verfolgen. Das RMVP musste der Wirtschaft daher einen gewissen Freiraum bei der Themenwahl belassen, damit das Medium insgesamt nicht an Akzeptanz bei der Bevölkerung verlor. Angesichts der Tatsache, dass die so genannte Bekenntnisliteratur bei der Bevölkerung nie auf große Resonanz gestoßen und ab 1934 kaum noch nachgefragt war, bildeten die Zigarettenalben eine der wenigen Plattformen, auf der das NS-Regime über soziale Schichten hinweg Bevölkerung erreichen konnte. Die Einflussnahme des NS-Regimes war damit ebenso begrenzt, wie die der Unternehmen, denn beide mussten den sozialpsychologischen Bedürfnissen der Bevölkerung Rechnung tragen. Sowohl Wirtschaft als auch Politik mussten, um Akzeptanz zu finden, die Themen bedienen, die vom Rezipienten nachgefragt wurden.
Die Untersuchungen belegen, dass die Zigarettenalben, die in den 1930er Jahren publiziert wurden, nicht ausschließlich zur Verbreitung nationalsozialistischer Propaganda verwendet wurden, sondern auch von Gemeinschaften genutzt wurden, die ihre spezifischen politischen und ideologischen Interessen vertreten wollten. Neben den Vertretern des sozialistischen Lagers war es die SA, die die Zigarettenalben als Sprachrohr für ihre eigenen Interessen in Anspruch nahm. Bei der Parteiarmee war es insbesondere der sozialistisch geprägte Flügel um Ernst Röhm, der mit den Alben der sympathisierenden Firma Sturm seine Interessen vertrat, die primär darin bestanden, eine Partizipation an der Macht zu legitimieren und einzufordern. Darüber hinaus boten die Zigarettenalben der Parteiarmee die Möglichkeit, die eigene Historie in der deutschen Geschichte zu verorten und eine Traditionslinie bis zu den Freiheitskriegen zu ziehen. Damit konnte die SA mit den Sturm-Alben sowohl eine faschistische Bewegungskultur etablieren, als auch eine eigene Historie installieren. Die SA und ihre Mitglieder erhielten so einen Identifikationsraum, der ihnen die Möglichkeit bot, sich als selbstbewusste und eigenständige Organisation zu definieren.
Die Lenkungshoheit über die Medien und die nationalen Symbole erlaubte es dem NS-Regime, die kommunikationspolitischen Maßnahmen stringent nach den eigenen politischen Zielen auszurichten. Da die Autonomie des Öffentlichkeitssystems völlig aufgehoben und alle Publikationen der staatlichen Kontrolle unterlagen, mussten auch die Zigarettenfabrikanten die Inhalte der Sammelalben regimekonform ausrichten. Den-noch konnten weder Politik noch Industrie bei der Kommunikationspolitik völlig autark agieren, denn aufgrund der Wechselbeziehung zwischen Kommunikator und Rezipient waren beide Parteien gezwungen, die Bedürfnisse der Bevölkerung und ihre sozialpsychologischen Identifikationsräume zu berücksichtigen. Die Propaganda des Nationalsozialismus war daher, wie in den Kommunikationswissenschaften vielfach dargestellt, kein dispositionales Konzept, bei dem das Individuum einem Reiz-Reaktions-Schema folgt.
Die Berücksichtigung der sozialpsychologischen Bedürfnisse der Rezipienten wurde insbesondere bei der Integrationspropanda verfolgt.
Objective: To evaluate the benefit of resective surgical periodontal therapy (root amputation or resection, root separation, tunnelling) in periodontitis patients exhibiting class II and III furcation involvement (FI) compared with non‐surgical treatment (SRP) or open flap debridement (OFD).
Material: Outcomes were tooth survival (primary), vertical probing attachment gain, and reduction in probing pocket depth (secondary) evidenced by randomized clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies and case series with ≥ 12 months of follow‐up. Search was performed on 3 electronic databases from January 1998 to December 2018.
Results: From a total of 683 articles, 66 studies were identified for full‐text analysis and 7 studies finally included. Six hundred sixty‐seven patients contributed 2,021 teeth with class II or III FI. Data were very heterogeneous regarding follow‐up and distribution of FI. A total of 1,515 teeth survived 4 to 30.8 years after therapy. Survival ranged from 38%–94.4% (root amputation or resection, root separation), 62%–67% (tunnelling), 63%–85% (OFD) and 68%–80% (SRP). Overall, treatment provided better results for class II FI than class III.
Conclusion: Within their limits, the data indicate that in class II and III FI, SRP and OFD may result in similar survival rates as root amputation/resection, root separation or tunnelling.
Background: Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal-recessive multisystem disorder characterized by pronounced cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia, cancer predisposition and altered body composition. In addition, evidence is rising for endocrine dysfunction.
Objectives: To determine the evolution of diabetes and its prevalence in a larger A-T cohort.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of the patient charts of 39 subjects from the Frankfurt A-T cohort was performed between August 2002 and 2018 concerning HbA1c and oral glucose tolerance (OGTT). The median follow-up period was 4 years (1–16 years). In addition, in 31 A-T patients aged 1 to 38 years HbA1c and fasting glucose were studied prospectively from 2018 to 2019.
Results: In the retrospective analysis, we could demonstrate a longitudinal increase of HbA1c. The prospective analysis showed a significant increase of HbA1c and fasting glucose with age (r = 0.79, p ≤ 0.0001). OGTT has a good sensitivity for insulin resistance screening, whereas HbA1c can be used to evaluate individual courses and therapy response. Seven out of 39 (17.9%) patients suffered from diabetes. Metformin did not always lead to sufficient diabetes control; one patient was treated successfully with repaglinide.
Conclusion: Diabetes is a common finding in older A-T patients and often starts in puberty. Our data clearly demonstrate the need for an annual diabetes screening in patients > 12 years.
Objective: Children with pre-school asthma suffer disproportionally more often from severe asthma exacerbations with emergency visits and hospital admissions compared to school children. Despite this high disease burden, there are only a few reports looking at this particular severe asthma cohort. Similarly, there is little real-life research on the distribution of asthma phenotypes and personalized treatment at discharge in this age group. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the electronic charts of all children aged 1–5 years with asthma hospitalizations (ICD J45) at the Frankfurt University between 2008 and 2017. An acute severe asthma exacerbation was defined as dyspnea, oxygen demand, and/or systemic steroid therapy. Age, gender, duration of hospitalization, asthma phenotype, treatment, and readmission rate were analyzed. Results: Of 572 patients, 205 met the definition of acute severe asthma. The phenotypic characterization showed 56.1% had allergic asthma, 15.2% eosinophilic asthma and 28.7% non-allergic asthma. Of these patients, 71.7% were discharged with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or ICS + long-acting-beta-agonists (LABA), 15.1% with leukotriene antagonists (LTRA) and 7.3% salbutamol on demand. The rate of emergency presentations (emergency department and readmission) within 12 months after discharge was high (n = 42; 20.5%). No phenotype tailored treatment was detectable. Neither the number of eosinophils (>300/μl) nor the treatment at discharge had an effect on emergency visits and readmission rate. Conclusion: Despite protective therapy with ICS, ICS + LABA, or LTRA, the readmission rate was high. Thus, current care and treatment strategies should be reevaluated continuously, in order to better control asthma in pre-school children and prevent hospitalization.
Ende November hat Bundesjustizministerin Christine Lamprecht (SPD) vorgeschlagen, das Grundgesetz zu ändern und darin ausdrücklich Kinderrechte zu verankern. Der Vorschlag befindet sich derzeit in der Ressortabstimmung. Auf dem Verfassungsblog hat sich Friederike Wapler kritisch mit diesem Entwurf auseinandergesetzt und am Ende empfohlen, statt einer schlechten Grundgesetzänderung lieber gar keine zu verabschieden. Ich hingegen halte eine solche Grundgesetzänderung für ebenso sinnvoll wie möglich.
Decades of work have demonstrated that mRNAs are localized and translated within neuronal dendrites and axons to provide proteins for remodeling and maintaining growth cones or synapses. It remains unknown, however, whether specific forms of plasticity differentially regulate the dynamics and translation of individual mRNA species. To address these issues, we targeted three individual synaptically-localized mRNAs, CamkIIa, Beta actin, Psd95, and used molecular beacons to track endogenous mRNA movements and reporters and Crispr-Cas9 gene editing to track their translation. We found widespread alterations in mRNA behavior during two forms of synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). Changes in mRNA dynamics following plasticity resulted in an enrichment of mRNA in the vicinity of dendritic spines. Both the reporters and tagging of endogenous proteins revealed the transcript-specific stimulation of protein synthesis following LTP or LTD. The plasticity-induced enrichment of mRNA near synapses could be uncoupled from its translational status. The enrichment of mRNA in the proximity of spines allows for localized signaling pathways to decode plasticity milieus and stimulate a specific translational profile, resulting in a customized remodeling of the synaptic proteome.
Downsizing of animal communities due to defaunation is prevalent in many ecosystems. Yet, we know little about its consequences for ecosystem functions such as seed dispersal. Here, we use eight seed-dispersal networks sampled across the Andes and simulate how downsizing of avian frugivores impacts structural network robustness and seed dispersal. We use a trait-based modeling framework to quantify the consequences of downsizing-relative to random extinctions-for the number of interactions and secondary plant extinctions (as measures of structural robustness) and for long-distance seed dispersal (as a measure of ecosystem function). We find that downsizing leads to stronger functional than structural losses. For instance, 10% size-structured loss of bird species results in almost 40% decline of long-distance seed dispersal, but in less than 10% of structural loss. Our simulations reveal that measures of the structural robustness of ecological networks underestimate the consequences of animal extinction and downsizing for ecosystem functioning.
Eine mobile Welt, Lebensläufe, die uns mal hierhin, mal dorthin führen und dann noch die globale Pandemie: Auch kleine Kunstprojekte müssen sich damit auseinandersetzen, wie sie ihren kreativen Prozess in räumlicher Entfernung organisieren. Welche digitalen Werkzeuge können helfen? Was das Projekt vi·son in den letzten Monaten über kreative Online-Zusammenarbeit gelernt hat.
Digitale Technik schafft neue Verhältnisse zwischen Musik und Kunst: Daten werden komprimiert und berechenbar, Qualitäten und Merkmale von Musik und Gemälden lassen sich nicht mehr nur interpretieren, sondern auch präzise analysieren. Warum nun ein Kunstprojekt, das sich diesem Verhältnis annimmt? Drei Inspirationen.
Self-compassion has been theorized to have three components, each with a positive pole and a negative pole: self-kindness versus self-judgment, common humanity versus isolation, and mindfulness versus over-identification. Neff (Self Identity 2:85–101, 2003a) proposes that they mutually influence each other, however, this proposition has not been tested yet. We conducted a pilot study to see if improvements from training one component spilled over to the other two—and whether these trainings had an impact on well-being. 80 participants completed 8 weeks of self-compassionate writing exercises to enhance either self-kindness, common humanity, or mindfulness. Trait self-compassion was assessed using the six-factor model of the self-compassion scale. To address issues of alpha-error-inflation, the false discovery rate was fixed at 5%, and critical p values were adjusted accordingly. Participants in the mindfulness condition reported increased total self-compassion (p = .009), which was accompanied by increased self-kindness (p = .027) and lower isolation (p = .045). Participants in the common humanity condition reported improved total self-compassion (p = .018), lower over-identification (p = .045), and higher life-satisfaction (p = .049). The training in self-kindness failed to improve self-kindness or any other factor. These findings provide initial evidence that the components of self-compassion mutually enhance each other. They also emphasize the importance of mindfulness within the conceptualization of self-compassion.
This contribution develops a defence of a universalist conception of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) against three prominent critiques, which are, among others, put forward by postcolonial scholars. The first critique argues that GCE is essentially a project of globally minded elites and therefore expressive both of global educational injustices and of the values and lifestyles of a particular class or milieu. The second critique assumes that GCE is based on genuinely ‘Western values’ (e.g., in the form of a conception of human rights or conceptions of rationality or the self), which are neither universally accepted nor universally valid and therefore unjustly forced on members of non-Western cultures and societies. GCE, according to this critique, is assumed to be another version of the educational justification of a hegemonic and unjust global Western regime. The third critique focuses on the epistemological preconditions of GCE. It assumes that GCE relies on a particular, culturally embedded ‘Western epistemology,’ which perpetuates historically grown global educational and epistemic injustices by dominating and subjugating alternative epistemological approaches. With respect to the first critique I argue that it is to a certain extent sociologically plausible, but wrong when it is applied to the educational and political legitimacy of GCE. The second critique overestimates the consensus within the ‘Western tradition’ and underestimates the transnational dissemination of universalist ideals and values as well as its own reliance on universalist validity claims. I argue that in order to provide a plausible criticism of historically grown global educational and political injustices, it is imperative for GCE to integrate central insights provided by the postcolonial critique, without giving up on universalist ideals and values. The third critique is, according to my argumentation, based on flawed epistemological assumptions, which do not withstand critical scrutiny. Instead of identifying epistemic and scientific claims as the expressions of a particular ‘culture’ or geographical location (the ‘West’), I defend the position that philosophical and scientific research should ideally be conceived as a democratic and universalist project, whose emancipatory potential can only be realized on the basis of a universalist epistemology.
Most sRNA biogenesis mechanisms involve either RNAseIII cleavage or ping-pong amplification by different Piwi proteins harboring slicer activity. Here, we follow the question why the mechanism of transgene-induced silencing in the ciliate Paramecium needs both Dicer activity and two Ptiwi proteins. This pathway involves primary siRNAs produced from non-translatable transgenes and secondary siRNAs from endogenous remote loci. Our data does not indicate any signatures from ping-pong amplification but Dicer cleavage of long dsRNA. We show that Ptiwi13 and 14 have different preferences for primary and secondary siRNAs but do not load them mutually exclusive. Both Piwis enrich for antisense RNAs and Ptiwi14 loaded siRNAs show a 5′-U signature. Both Ptiwis show in addition a general preference for Uridine-rich sRNAs along the entire sRNA length. Our data indicates both Ptiwis and 2’-O-methylation to contribute to strand selection of Dicer cleaved siRNAs. This unexpected function of two distinct vegetative Piwis extends the increasing knowledge of the diversity of Piwi functions in diverse silencing pathways. As both Ptiwis show differential subcellular localisation, Ptiwi13 in the cytoplasm and Ptiwi14 in the vegetative macronucleus, we conclude that cytosolic and nuclear silencing factors are necessary for efficient chromatin silencing.
Background/Objectives: Sharing the bed with a partner is common among adults and impacts sleep quality with potential implications for mental health. However, hitherto findings are contradictory and particularly polysomnographic data on co-sleeping couples are extremely rare. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a bed partner's presence on individual and dyadic sleep neurophysiology.
Methods: Young healthy heterosexual couples underwent sleep-lab-based polysomnography of two sleeping arrangements: individual sleep and co-sleep. Individual and dyadic sleep parameters (i.e., synchronization of sleep stages) were collected. The latter were assessed using cross-recurrence quantification analysis. Additionally, subjective sleep quality, relationship characteristics, and chronotype were monitored. Data were analyzed comparing co-sleep vs. individual sleep. Interaction effects of the sleeping arrangement with gender, chronotype, or relationship characteristics were moreover tested.
Results: As compared to sleeping individually, co-sleeping was associated with about 10% more REM sleep, less fragmented REM sleep (p = 0.008), longer undisturbed REM fragments (p = 0.0006), and more limb movements (p = 0.007). None of the other sleep stages was significantly altered. Social support interacted with sleeping arrangement in a way that individuals with suboptimal social support showed the biggest impact of the sleeping arrangement on REM sleep. Sleep architectures were more synchronized between partners during co-sleep (p = 0.005) even if wake phases were excluded (p = 0.022). Moreover, sleep architectures are significantly coupled across a lag of ± 5min. Depth of relationship represented an additional significant main effect regarding synchronization, reflecting a positive association between the two. Neither REM sleep nor synchronization was influenced by gender, chronotype, or other relationship characteristics.
Conclusion: Depending on the sleeping arrangement, couple's sleep architecture and synchronization show alterations that are modified by relationship characteristics. We discuss that these alterations could be part of a self-enhancing feedback loop of REM sleep and sociality and a mechanism through which sociality prevents mental illness.
Background: Many patients suffering from exercise-induced asthma (EIA) have normal lung function at rest and show symptoms and a decline in FEV1 when they do sports or during exercise-challenge. It has been described that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) could exert a protective effect on EIA.
Methods: In this study the protective effect of supplementation with a special combination of n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA (sc-LCPUFA) (total 1.19 g/ day) were investigated in an EIA cold air provocation model. Primary outcome measure: Decrease in FEV1 after exercise challenge and secondary outcome measure: anti-inflammatory effects monitored by exhaled NO (eNO) before and after sc-LCPUFA supplementation versus placebo.
Results: Ninety-nine patients with exercise-induced symptoms aged 10 to 45 were screened by a standardized exercise challenge in a cold air chamber at 4 °C. Seventy-three patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of a FEV1 decrease > 15% and were treated double-blind placebo-controlled for 4 weeks either with sc-LCPUFA or placebo. Thirty-two patients in each group completed the study. Mean FEV1 decrease after cold air exercise challenge and eNO were unchanged after 4 weeks sc-LCPUFA supplementation.
Conclusion: Supplementation with sc-LCPUFA at a dose of 1.19 g/d did not have any broncho-protective and anti-inflammatory effects on EIA.
Trial registration: Clinical trial registration number: NCT02410096. Registered 7 February 2015 at Clinicaltrial.gov
Hintergrund: Die LCPUFA der Zellmembran sind Ausgangspunkt für die Synthese von Lipidmediatoren und können je nach freigesetzter Fettsäure von der Zelle in pro- oder antientzündliche Mediatoren verstoffwechselt werden. LCPUFA können das Reaktionsprofil von Zellen beeinflussen, indem sie selbst oder die aus ihnen entstandenen Lipidmediatorderivate an Rezeptoren binden oder auf Genebene ihre Wirkung entfalten. Sowohl das antientzündliche Potenzial der Einzelfettsäuren EPA, DHA, GLA und SDA als auch die Wirkung des n-6/n-3-Verhältnisses wurden bereits in zahlreichen Studien gezeigt. Jedoch wurde noch nicht ausführlich auf den Einfluss einer Kombination verschiedener LCPUFA eingegangen, die sich im Hinblick auf die Verstoffwechselung von n-3- und n-6-Fettsäuren durch gleiche Enzyme wechselseitig beeinflussen können.
Zielsetzung: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es deshalb, den Einfluss von mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren allein und in Kombination auf die COX-2-abhängige Inflammation in A549-Lungenepithelzellen zu untersuchen. Die Inkubation der Zellen mit den Einzelfettsäuren EPA, DHA, GLA und SDA wurde einem LCPUFA-Mix aus diesen vier Fettsäuren gegenübergestellt. Es wurde die IL-6-Produktion und die COX-2-Expression in CM1-stimulierten A549-Zellen als Marker einer Entzündung mittels CBA bzw. Durchflusszytometrie gemessen.
Ergebnisse: Durch die Oberflächencharakterisierung der A549-Zellen mittels Durchflusszytometrie konnte ihre Funktion im Immunsystem hervorgehoben werden. Die Inkubation mit den LCPUFA führte zur Aufnahme in die Zellmembran und zur weiteren Verstoffwechselung der Fettsäuren, wie sich gaschromatographisch nachweisen ließ. Der LCPUFA-Mix (0,02 pmol/Zelle) konnte die CM1 induzierte COX-2-Expression nur tendenziell erniedrigen. Im Gegensatz dazu ließ sich die COX-2-Expression durch eine gleiche Menge an EPA (0,02 pmol/Zelle) sehr signifikant (von 26,81% ± 2,78 auf 16,43% ± 1,45, p < 0,01) reduzieren. Die CM1-induzierte IL-6-Produktion wurde weder durch eine Einzellfettsäure EPA, DHA, GLA oder SDA noch den LCPUFA-Mix signifikant gesenkt.
Diskussion: In Übereinstimmung mit Corbière et al. wurden phänotypische Oberflächenmarker auf den A549-Zellen mittels Durchflusszytometrie gemessen, die sie zur Antigenpräsentation gegenüber T-Lymphozyten befähigen und zeigen, dass sie Teil des Immunsystems sind.[76] Im Gegensatz zum LCPUFA-Mix inhibierte EPA die COX-2-Expression. Zwar ist EPA die Hauptkomponente des LCPUFA-Mixes, dieser enthält aber zusätzlich DHA, GLA und SDA. Eine der vorgenannten drei Fettsäuren könnte den hemmenden Effekt des EPAs auf die COX-2 gemindert haben. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass eine Interaktion der verschiedenen Fettsäuren zu einer geringeren Hemmung geführt hat. Auch andere Forschungsergebnisse bestätigen, dass die Stärke des Effektes von Fettsäuren abhängig von ihrer Kombination und Konzentration ist. Es stellt sich ein Wirkmaximum auf die Genexpression ein, das durch weitere Erhöhung der Fettsäuren nicht gesteigert werden kann und eventuell sogar ins Gegenteil umschlagen könnte. Gleissman et al. stellten erhöhte Spiegel an AA und COX-2 sowie einen geringeren Anteil an EPA und DHA in Tumorgeweben fest.[37] Für die A549-Zellen zeigten sich in der gaschromatographischen Messung ebenfalls im Vergleich zum AA-Anteil (5,72% ± 0,09) ein geringerer EPA- (0,95% ± 0,37) und DHA-Anteil (0,60% ± 0,07). Für COX-2-Inhibitoren konnten bereits antineoplastische Eigenschaften nachgewiesen werden.[94] Dies könnte ein Grund für die eingeschränkte Zellviabilität im XTT-Test bei höheren Fettsäure-Konzentrationen sein.
Fazit: Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass im Gegensatz zu DHA, GLA, SDA und dem LCPUFA-Mix nur EPA eine signifikante antiinflammatorische Wirkung auf die COX-2 ausübte. Jedoch konnte kein signifikanter antiinflammatorischer Effekt hinsichtlich der Produktion des proinflammatorischen Cytokins IL-6 festgestellt werden. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass weder einer alleinigen Fettsäure noch dem LCPUFA-Mix eine überlegene antiinflammatorische Wirkung auf alle hier untersuchten Parameter zugeordnet werden konnte.
The present study considered the entire leg alignment and links static parameters to the external joint moments during gait in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Eighteen patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis were measured using the EOS® system. Clinical leg alignment and femoral parameters were extracted from the 3D reconstruction of the EOS images. A 3D gait analysis was performed and external knee and hip adduction moments were computed and compared to 18 healthy controls in the same age group. The knee adduction moments of the involved leg were strongly correlated to the femoral offset and the varus/valgus alignment. These parameters alone explained over 50% of the variance in the knee adduction moments. Adding the pelvic drop of the contralateral side increased the model of femoral offset and varus/valgus alignment and explained 78% of the knee adduction moment during the first half of the stance phase. The hip adduction moments were best associated with the hip kinematics and not the leg alignment.
Reduced external knee adduction moments in the second half of stance after total hip replacement have been reported in hip osteoarthritis patients. This reduction is thought to shift the load from the medial to the lateral knee compartment and as such increase the risk for knee osteoarthritis. The knee adduction moment is a surrogate for the load distribution between the medial and lateral compartments of the knee and not a valid measure for the tibiofemoral contact forces which are the result of externally applied forces and muscle forces. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the distribution of the tibiofemoral contact forces over the knee compartments in unilateral hip osteoarthritis patients 1 year after receiving a primary total hip replacement differs from healthy controls. Musculoskeletal modeling on gait was performed in OpenSim using the detailed knee model of Lerner et al. (2015) for 19 patients as well as for 15 healthy controls of similar age. Knee adduction moments were calculated by the inverse dynamics analysis, medial and lateral tibiofemoral contact forces with the joint reaction force analysis. Moments and contact forces of patients and controls were compared using Statistical Parametric Mapping two-sample t-tests. Knee adduction moments and medial tibiofemoral contact forces of both the ipsi- and contralateral leg were not significantly different compared to healthy controls. The contralateral leg showed 14% higher medial tibiofemoral contact forces compared to the ipsilateral (operated) leg during the second half of stance. During the first half of stance, the lateral tibiofemoral contact force of the contralateral leg was 39% lower and the ratio 32% lower compared to healthy controls. In contrast, during the second half of stance the forces were significantly higher (39 and 26%, respectively) compared to healthy controls. The higher ratio indicates a changed distribution whereas the increased lateral tibiofemoral contact forces indicate a higher lateral knee joint loading in the contralateral leg in OA patients after total hip replacement (THR). Musculoskeletal modeling using a detailed knee model can be useful to detect differences in the load distribution between the medial and lateral knee compartment which cannot be verified with the knee adduction moment.
Objective: TGF-β2 (TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta), the less-investigated sibling of TGF-β1, is deregulated in rodent and human liver diseases. Former data from bile duct ligated and MDR2 knockout (KO) mouse models for human cholestatic liver disease suggested an involvement of TGF-β2 in biliary-derived liver diseases.
Design: As we also found upregulated TGFB2 in liver tissue of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), we now fathomed the positive prospects of targeting TGF-β2 in early stage biliary liver disease using the MDR2-KO mice. Specifically, the influence of TgfB2 silencing on the fibrotic and inflammatory niche was analysed on molecular, cellular and tissue levels.
Results: TgfB2-induced expression of fibrotic genes in cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cellswas detected. TgfB2 expression in MDR2-KO mice was blunted using TgfB2-directed antisense oligonucleotides (AON). Upon AON treatment, reduced collagen deposition, hydroxyproline content and αSMA expression as well as induced PparG expression reflected a significant reduction of fibrogenesis without adverse effects on healthy livers. Expression analyses of fibrotic and inflammatory genes revealed AON-specific regulatory effects on Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl5, Mki67 and Notch3 expression. Further, AON treatment of MDR2-KO mice increased tissue infiltration by F4/80-positive cells including eosinophils, whereas the number of CD45-positive inflammatory cells decreased. In line, TGFB2 and CD45 expression correlated positively in PSC/PBC patients and localised in similar areas of the diseased liver tissue.
Conclusions: Taken together, our data suggest a new mechanistic explanation for amelioration of fibrogenesis by TGF-β2 silencing and provide a direct rationale for TGF-β2-directed drug development.
In this proceeding, we review our recent work using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify the nature of the QCD transition in a hybrid modeling of heavy-ion collisions. Within this hybrid model, a viscous hydrodynamic model is coupled with a hadronic cascade “after-burner”. As a binary classification setup, we employ two different types of equations of state (EoS) of the hot medium in the hydrodynamic evolution. The resulting final-state pion spectra in the transverse momentum and azimuthal angle plane are fed to the neural network as the input data in order to distinguish different EoS. To probe the effects of the fluctuations in the event-by-event spectra, we explore different scenarios for the input data and make a comparison in a systematic way. We observe a clear hierarchy in the predictive power when the network is fed with the event-by-event, cascade-coarse-grained and event-fine-averaged spectra. The carefully-trained neural network can extract high-level features from pion spectra to identify the nature of the QCD transition in a realistic simulation scenario.
'THIS ISN'T ME!': the role of age-related self- and user images for robot acceptance by elders
(2020)
Although companion-type robots are already commercially available, little interest has been taken in identifying reasons for inter-individual differences in their acceptance. Elders’ age-related perceptions of both their own self (self-image) and of the general older robot user (user image) could play a relevant role in this context. Since little is known to date about elders’ companion-type robot user image, it is one aim of this study to investigate its age-related facets, concentrating on possibly stigmatizing perceptions of elder robot users. The study also addresses the association between elders’ age-related self-image and robot acceptance: Is the association independent of the user image or not? To investigate these research questions, N = 28 adults aged 63 years and older were introduced to the companion-type robot Pleo. Afterwards, several markers of robot acceptance were assessed. Actual and ideal self- and subjective robot user image were assessed by a study-specific semantic differential on the stereotype dimensions of warmth and competence. Results show that participants tended to stigmatize elder robot users. The self-images were not directly related to robot acceptance, but affected it in the context of the user image. A higher fit between self- and user image was associated with higher perceived usefulness, social acceptance, and intention to use the robot. To conclude, elders’ subjective interpretations of new technologies play a relevant role for their acceptance. Together with elders’ individual self-images, they need to be considered in both robot development and implementation. Future research should consider that associations between user characteristics and robot acceptance by elders can be complex and easily overlooked.
Inhibitors against the NS3-4A protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have proven to be useful drugs in the treatment of HCV infection. Although variants have been identified with mutations that confer resistance to these inhibitors, the mutations do not restore replicative fitness and no secondary mutations that rescue fitness have been found. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the lack of fitness compensation, we screened known resistance mutations in infectious HCV cell culture with different genomic backgrounds. We observed that the Q41R mutation of NS3-4A efficiently rescues the replicative fitness in cell culture for virus variants containing mutations at NS3-Asp168. To understand how the Q41R mutation rescues activity, we performed protease activity assays complemented by molecular dynamics simulations, which showed that protease-peptide interactions far outside the targeted peptide cleavage sites mediate substrate recognition by NS3-4A and support protease cleavage kinetics. These interactions shed new light on the mechanisms by which NS3-4A cleaves its substrates, viral polyproteins and a prime cellular antiviral adaptor protein, the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein MAVS. Peptide binding is mediated by an extended hydrogen-bond network in NS3-4A that was effectively optimized for protease-MAVS binding in Asp168 variants with rescued replicative fitness from NS3-Q41R. In the protease harboring NS3-Q41R, the N-terminal cleavage products of MAVS retained high affinity to the active site, rendering the protease susceptible for potential product inhibition. Our findings reveal delicately balanced protease-peptide interactions in viral replication and immune escape that likely restrict the protease adaptive capability and narrow the virus evolutionary space.
Extensive black shale deposits formed in the Early Cretaceous South Atlantic, supporting the notion that this emerging ocean basin was a globally important site of organic carbon burial. The magnitude of organic carbon burial in marine basins is known to be controlled by various tectonic, oceanographic, hydrological, and climatic processes acting on different temporal and spatial scales, the nature and relative importance of which are poorly understood for the young South Atlantic. Here we present new bulk and molecular geochemical data from an Aptian–Albian sediment record recovered from the deep Cape Basin at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 361, which we combine with general circulation model results to identify driving mechanisms of organic carbon burial. A multi-million year decrease (i.e. Early Aptian–Albian) in organic carbon burial, reflected in a lithological succession of black shale, gray shale, and red beds, was caused by increasing bottom water oxygenation due to abating tectonic restriction via South Atlantic-Southern Ocean gateways. These results emphasize basin evolution and ocean gateway development as a decisive primary control on enhanced organic carbon preservation in the Cape Basin at geological time scales (>1 Myr). The Early Aptian black shale sequence comprises alternations of shales with high (>5%) and relatively low (~3%) organic carbon content of marine sources, the former being deposited during the global Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a, as well as during repetitive events before and after OAE 1a. In all cases, these short-term events of enhanced organic carbon burial coincided with strong influxes of sediments derived from the proximal African continent, indicating closely coupled climate–land–ocean interactions. Supported by our model results, we propose that fluctuations in weathering-derived nutrient input from the southern African continent, linked to fluctuations in pCO2 and/or orbitally driven humidity/aridity, were the underlying drivers of short-term organic carbon burial in the deep Cape Basin. These results suggest that deep marine environments of emerging ocean basins responded sensitively and directly to short term fluctuations in riverine nutrient fluxes. We explain this relationship by the lack of wide and mature continental shelf seas that could have acted as a barrier or filter for nutrient transfer from the continent into the deep ocean.
Bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are severe mood disorders that belong to the most debilitating diseases worldwide. Differentiating both mood disorders often poses a major clinical challenge, leading to frequent misdiagnoses. Objective biomarkers able to differentiate individuals with BD and MDD therefore represent a psychiatric research field of utmost importance. Recent studies have applied resting-state fMRI paradigms and found promising results differentiating both disorders based on the acquired data. However, most of these studies have focused their efforts on acutely depressed patients. Thus, it remains unclear whether the aberrations remain in a symptomless disease state.
The here presented study addresses these issues by evaluating the ability to differentiate both disorders from one another by conducting a between-group comparison of functional brain network connectivity (FNC) obtained from resting-state fMRI data. Data were collected from 20 BD, 15 MDD patients and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). Graph theoretical analyses were applied to detect differences in functional network organization between the groups on a global and regional network level.
Network analysis detected frontal, temporal and subcortical nodes in emotion regulation areas such as the limbic system and associated regions exhibiting significant differences in network integration and segregation in BD compared to MDD patients and HC. Participants with MDD and HC only differed in frontal and insular network centrality.
These results indicate that a significantly altered brain network topology in the limbic system might be a trait marker specific to BD. Brain network analysis in these regions may therefore be used to differentiate euthymic BD not only from HC but also from patients with MDD.
Visual scene perception is mediated by a set of cortical regions that respond preferentially to images of scenes, including the occipital place area (OPA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA). However, the differential contribution of OPA and PPA to scene perception remains an open research question. In this study, we take a deep neural network (DNN)-based computational approach to investigate the differences in OPA and PPA function. In a first step we search for a computational model that predicts fMRI responses to scenes in OPA and PPA well. We find that DNNs trained to predict scene components (e.g., wall, ceiling, floor) explain higher variance uniquely in OPA and PPA than a DNN trained to predict scene category (e.g., bathroom, kitchen, office). This result is robust across several DNN architectures. On this basis, we then determine whether particular scene components predicted by DNNs differentially account for unique variance in OPA and PPA. We find that variance in OPA responses uniquely explained by the navigation-related floor component is higher compared to the variance explained by the wall and ceiling components. In contrast, PPA responses are better explained by the combination of wall and floor, that is scene components that together contain the structure and texture of the scene. This differential sensitivity to scene components suggests differential functions of OPA and PPA in scene processing. Moreover, our results further highlight the potential of the proposed computational approach as a general tool in the investigation of the neural basis of human scene perception.
In der aktuellen Zeit gibt es eine Vielzahl an annotierten Texten und anderen Medien. Genauso gibt es verschiedenste Möglichkeiten neue Texte zu annotieren, sowohl manuell als auch automatisch. Es gibt Systeme, die diese Annotationen in andere, visuell ansprechendere Medien umwandeln. Zu diesen Systemen gehören auch die Text2Scene Systeme, dort wird ein annotierter Text in eine dreidimensionale Szene umgewandelt. Ein Teil dieser Text2Scene Systeme können auch Personen durch Modelle von Menschen darstellen, aber bis jetzt gibt es noch kein System, dass Avatar Modelle selber synthetisieren kann.
Der Fokus dieser Arbeit liegt sowohl darauf eine Schnittstelle bereitzustellen, mit der Avatare mit bestimmten Parametern erstellt werden können, als auch die Möglichkeit diese Avatare in der virtuellen Realität anzuzeigen und zu bearbeiten. Man kann in einer virtuellen Szene die Eigenschaften bestimmter Körperteile anpassen und die Kleidung der Avatare auswählen.
The production of light (anti-)nuclei and (anti-)hypernuclei in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, but also in more elementary collisions as proton–proton and proton–nucleus collisions, became recently a focus of interest. In particular, the fact that these objects are all loosely bound compared to the temperature and energies, e.g. the kinetic energies involved, is often stressed out to be special for their production. The binding energies of these (anti-)nuclei is between 130 keV (Λ separation energy in the hypertriton) and about 8 MeV per nucleon. Whereas the connected temperatures are of the order of 100 to 160 MeV. This lead to some difficulties in the interpretation of the usually discussed production models, i.e. coalescence and statistical-thermal models, as will be discussed here. In this brief review we discuss selected highlights of the production of light (anti-)nuclei, such as (anti-)deuteron, (anti-)helium and (anti-)alpha nuclei. In addition, we will discuss the current status of the highly debated lifetime of the (anti-)hypertriton and connected measurements and model results.
Background: More than 170 species of tabanids are known in Europe, with many occurring only in limited areas or having become very rare in the last decades. They continue to spread various diseases in animals and are responsible for livestock losses in developing countries. The current monitoring and recording of horseflies is mainly conducted throughout central Europe, with varying degrees of frequency depending on the country. To the detriment of tabanid research, little cooperation exists between western European and Eurasian countries.
Methods: For these reasons, we have compiled available sources in order to generate as complete a dataset as possible of six horsefly species common in Europe. We chose Haematopota pluvialis, Chrysops relictus, C. caecutiens, Tabanus bromius, T. bovinus and T. sudeticus as ubiquitous and abundant species within Europe. The aim of this study is to estimate the distribution, land cover usage and niches of these species. We used a surface-range envelope (SRE) model in accordance with our hypothesis of an underestimated distribution based on Eurocentric monitoring regimes.
Results: Our results show that all six species have a wide range in Eurasia, have a broad climatic niche and can therefore be considered as widespread generalists. Areas with modelled habitat suitability cover the observed distribution and go far beyond these. This supports our assumption that the current state of tabanid monitoring and the recorded distribution significantly underestimates the actual distribution. Our results show that the species can withstand extreme weather and climatic conditions and can be found in areas with only a few frost-free months per year. Additionally, our results reveal that species prefer certain land-cover environments and avoid other land-cover types.
Conclusions: The SRE model is an effective tool to calculate the distribution of species that are well monitored in some areas but poorly in others. Our results support the hypothesis that the available distribution data underestimate the actual distribution of the surveyed species.
The Culex pipiens complex encompasses five species and subspecies of the genus Culex. Over time, a multitude of morphologically indistinguishable species has been assigned to this complex with several species being classified as important vectors for different diseases. Some species of this complex hibernate in subterranean habitats, and it has been proven that viruses can survive this phase of hibernation. However, studies focusing on the environmental requirements, ecology and spatial and temporal distribution patterns of mosquitos in underground habitats are sparse. Here, we investigate the main environmental factors and dependencies of Culex, considering the number of individuals and survival probabilities in underground habitats during the winter months. Methods. Since the State of Hesse, Germany harbors about 3500 to 4000 subterranean shelters ample availability of subterranean habitats there provides a good opportunity to conduct detailed investigations of the Culex pipiens complex. In this study, we identified a sample of 727 specimens of overwintering females within the Culex pipiens complex from 52 different underground sites collected over a period of 23 years using qPCR. A complete data set of samplings of hibernating mosquitos from 698 subterranean habitats in Central Germany over the same period was available to study the spatial and temporal patterns and the effect of temperature and precipitation conditions on these hibernating populations using a generalized linear model (GLM). Results. Our qPCR-results show, similar to aboveground studies of mosquitos, that Culex pipiens pipiens and Culex torrentium occur sympatrically. On the other hand, Culex pipiens molestus occurred very rarely. The GLM revealed no shifts in species composition over time, but different preferences for subterranean hibernacula, chemical effects on overwintering populations as well as effects of annual and seasonal mean temperature and precipitation during the active phase from March to November. Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. torrentium are the most common species within Hessian caves and other underground habitats during winter. They co-occur with different frequency without any patterns in species composition. Weather conditions influence the number of overwintering mosquitos during the activity phase. Depending on cave parameters, the number of mosquitos decreases during the winter months.
Pathogenic variants in PRRT2, encoding the proline-rich transmembrane protein 2, have been associated with an evolving spectrum of paroxysmal neurologic disorders. Based on a cohort of children with PRRT2-related infantile epilepsy, this study aimed at delineating the broad clinical spectrum of PRRT2-associated phenotypes in these children and their relatives. Only a few recent larger cohort studies are on record and findings from single reports were not confirmed so far. We collected detailed genetic and phenotypic data of 40 previously unreported patients from 36 families. All patients had benign infantile epilepsy and harbored pathogenic variants in PRRT2 (core cohort). Clinical data of 62 family members were included, comprising a cohort of 102 individuals (extended cohort) with PRRT2-associated neurological disease. Additional phenotypes in the cohort of patients with benign sporadic and familial infantile epilepsy consist of movement disorders with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia in six patients, infantile-onset movement disorders in 2 of 40 individuals, and episodic ataxia after mild head trauma in one girl with bi-allelic variants in PRRT2. The same girl displayed a focal cortical dysplasia upon brain imaging. Familial hemiplegic migraine and migraine with aura were reported in nine families. A single individual developed epilepsy with continuous spikes and waves during sleep. In addition to known variants, we report the novel variant c.843G>T, p.(Trp281Cys) that co-segregated with benign infantile epilepsy and migraine in one family. Our study highlights the variability of clinical presentations of patients harboring pathogenic PRRT2 variants and expands the associated phenotypic spectrum.
Light is one of the most important abiotic factors for plant physiological processes. In addition to light intensity, the spectral quality of light can also influence the plant morphology and the content of secondary metabolites. In the horticultural industry, artificial light is used in to enable year-round production of herbs, ornamental plants and vegetables in winter terms.
Until today, discharge lamps like high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, emitting predominantly orange and red light and high amounts of infrared radiation, are the most common lamp systems in greenhouses. In the last decades, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emerged as an efficient alternative light source. LEDs have the advantage of distinct adjustments to the light spectrum. For a usage in horticultural industry LEDs are often too expensive. Furthermore, reduced plant growth can occur due to incorrectly adjusted light spectra and lower leaf temperatures caused by the lack of infrared radiation.
In a research project (LOEWE, funding no. 487/15-29) funded by the Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Arts, Microwave plasma lamps (MPL) were tested as new light sources for horticultural industry and plant research. The electrodeless lamp systems emit light in similar properties like sun light. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of artificial sunlight of the MPL on the accumulation of secondary metabolites, plant architecture and plant physiology of three different species (coleus, basil and potted roses). The MPL was compared with other light systems such as commercial HPS lamps, LEDs or ceramic metal halide lamps (CDM). In addition to morphological parameters such as plant height, internode length or fresh and dry weight, the phenolic content of leaves grown under the respective light sources were examined.
Overall an increased far-red light content in the emission spectra of the MPL showed high influence on the plant architecture which was observed in all three plant species. Artificial sunlight from MPL induced stem elongation in coleus and basil plants, compared to the other tested light sources. In potted roses a reduced branching degree was observed under MPL light compared to HPS grown plants.
In addition to the impact of far-red light also the blue light content of the emission spectra was found to be a strong influencing factor for plant physiological processes. A positive correlation between blue light content and leaf thickness was determined in coleus cultivated under MPL, LED, HPS and CDM lamps. Low blue light content in HPS emission spectra resulted in shade-adapted leaves with low photosynthetic capacity and susceptibility to high irradiances. Blue light was assumed to increase phenolic metabolites in basil and rose leaves. Furthermore, the different light treatments resulted in an alteration of the composition of essential oils of basil.
Experiments with coleus plants demonstrated that besides light color also the infrared radiation, had an influence on secondary metabolites by causing different leaf temperatures. Coleus plants grown with MPL showed the lowest content of phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid per dry weight. Infrared radiation resulted in a faster plant development indicated by increased biomass production and higher leaf formation rate as observed in coleus and basil plants.
The results obtained in this study show that the influence of leaf temperature should always be considered when comparing different lamp systems. Especially when LEDs are compared to discharge lamps an overestimation of light color can be a consequence since also infrared radiation influences the content of phenolic compounds and plant growth.
Protein turnover, the net result of protein synthesis and degradation, enables cells to remodel their proteomes in response to internal and external cues. Previously, we analyzed protein turnover rates in cultured brain cells under basal neuronal activity and found that protein turnover is influenced by subcellular localization, protein function, complex association, cell type of origin, and by the cellular environment (Dörrbaum et al., 2018). Here, we advanced our experimental approach to quantify changes in protein synthesis and degradation, as well as the resulting changes in protein turnover or abundance in rat primary hippocampal cultures during homeostatic scaling. Our data demonstrate that a large fraction of the neuronal proteome shows changes in protein synthesis and/or degradation during homeostatic up- and down-scaling. More than half of the quantified synaptic proteins were regulated, including pre- as well as postsynaptic proteins with diverse molecular functions.
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) catalyzes the conversion of GTP to dihydroneopterin triphosphate (H2NTP), the initiating step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Besides other roles, BH4 functions as cofactor in neurotransmitter biosynthesis. The BH4 biosynthetic pathway and GCH1 have been identified as promising targets to treat pain disorders in patients. The function of mammalian GCH1s is regulated by a metabolic sensing mechanism involving a regulator protein, GCH1 feedback regulatory protein (GFRP). GFRP binds to GCH1 to form inhibited or activated complexes dependent on availability of cofactor ligands, BH4 and phenylalanine, respectively. We determined high-resolution structures of human GCH1−GFRP complexes by cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). Cryo-EM revealed structural flexibility of specific and relevant surface lining loops, which previously was not detected by X-ray crystallography due to crystal packing effects. Further, we studied allosteric regulation of isolated GCH1 by X-ray crystallography. Using the combined structural information, we are able to obtain a comprehensive picture of the mechanism of allosteric regulation. Local rearrangements in the allosteric pocket upon BH4 binding result in drastic changes in the quaternary structure of the enzyme, leading to a more compact, tense form of the inhibited protein, and translocate to the active site, leading to an open, more flexible structure of its surroundings. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity is not a result of hindrance of substrate binding, but rather a consequence of accelerated substrate binding kinetics as shown by saturation transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) and site-directed mutagenesis. We propose a dissociation rate controlled mechanism of allosteric, noncompetitive inhibition.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumor in humans and one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The pathogenesis of CRC follows a multistage process which together with somatic gene mutations is mainly attributed to the dysregulation of signaling pathways critically involved in the maintenance of homeostasis of epithelial integrity in the intestine. A growing number of studies has highlighted the critical impact of members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family on most types of human malignancies including CRC. In accordance, abundant expression of many TRIM proteins has been observed in CRC tissues and is frequently correlating with poor survival of patients. Notably, some TRIM members can act as tumor suppressors depending on the context and the type of cancer which has been assessed. Mechanistically, most cancer-related TRIMs have a critical impact on cell cycle control, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and inflammation mainly through directly interfering with diverse oncogenic signaling pathways. In addition, some recent publications have emphasized the emerging role of some TRIM members to act as transcription factors and RNA-stabilizing factors thus adding a further level of complexity to the pleiotropic biological activities of TRIM proteins. The current review focuses on oncogenic signaling processes targeted by different TRIMs and their particular role in the development of CRC. A better understanding of the crosstalk of TRIMs with these signaling pathways relevant for CRC development is an important prerequisite for the validation of TRIM proteins as novel biomarkers and as potential targets of future therapies for CRC.
Proteine sind die Maschinen der Zellen. Um die Funktionalität von zahlreichen zellulären Prozessen zu gewährleisten, müssen Kommunikationssignale innerhalb von Proteinen weitergeleitet werden. Die Weiterleitung einer Störung an einem Ort im Protein zu einer entfernten Stelle, an welcher sie strukturelle und/oder dynamische Änderungen auslöst, wird Allosterie genannt. Zunächst wurde Allosterie hauptsächlich mit großräumigen Konformationsänderungen in Verbindung gebracht, aber später entwickelte sich ein dynamischerer Blickwinkel auf Allosterie in Abwesenheit dieser großräumigen Konformationsänderungen. Die Idee eines allosterischen Pfades bestehend aus konservierten und energetisch gekoppelten Aminosäuren, welche die Signalweiterleitung zwischen entfernten Stellen im Protein vermitteln, entstand. Diese allosterischen Pfade wurden durch zahlreiche theoretische Studien in Zusammenhang mit Pfaden effizienten anisotropen Energieflusses gebracht. Der Energiefluss entlang dieser Netzwerke verknüpft allosterische Signalübertragung mit Schwingungsenergietransfer (VET - vibrational energy transfer). Die Großzahl der Forschungsarbeiten über dynamische Allosterie basiert auf theoretischen Methoden, weil nur wenige geeignete experimentelle Verfahren existieren. Um diesen essentiellen biologischen Prozess der Informationsübertragung besser verstehen zu können, ist die Entwicklung neuer und leistungsstarker experimenteller Instrumente und Techniken daher dringend erforderlich. Die vorliegende Dissertation setzt sich dies zum Ziel.
VET in Proteinen ist aufgrund der Proteingeometrie inhärent anisotrop. Alle globulären Proteine besitzen Kanäle effizienten Energieflusses, von denen vermutet wird, dass sie wichtig für Proteinfunktionen, wie die schnelle Ableitung von überschüssiger Wärme, Ligandenbindung und allosterische Signalweiterleitung, sind. VET kann mit zeitaufgelöster Infrarot (IR) Spektroskopie untersucht werden, bei welcher ein Femtosekunden Anregepuls eines Lasers Schwingungsenergie in ein molekulares System an einer bestimmten Stelle injiziert und ein, nach einem veränderbarem Zeitintervall folgender, IR Abfragepuls die Ausbreitung dieser Schwingungsenergie detektiert. Ein protein-kompatibler und universell einsetzbarer Chromophor, der die Energie eines sichtbaren Photons in Schwingungsenergie konvertiert, wird als Heizelement benötigt um langreichweitige VET Pfade in Proteinen kartieren zu können. Der Azulen (Azu) Chromophor eignet sich dafür, weil er nach Photoanregung des ersten elektronischen Zustandes durch ultraschnelle interne Konversion fast die gesamte injizierte Energie innerhalb von einer Picosekunde in Schwingungsenergie umwandelt. Eingebettet in die nicht-kanonische Aminosäure (ncAA - non-canonical amino acid) ß-(1-Azulenyl)-L-Alanine (AzAla), kann der Azu Rest in Proteine eingebaut werden. Die Ankunft der injizierten Schwingungsenergie an einer bestimmten Stelle im Protein kann mithilfe eines IR Sensors detektiert werden. Die Kombination aus Azu als VET Heizelement und Azidohomoalanine (Aha) als VET Sensor mit transienter IR (TRIR) Spektroskopie wurde schon erfolgreich an kleinen Peptiden in der Dissertation von H. M. Müller-Werkmeister getestet, die der vorliegenden Dissertation in den Laboren der Bredenbeck Gruppe vorausging.
Die Schwingungsfrequenz chemischer Bindungen ist hochempfindlich auf selbst kleine Änderungen der Konformation und Dynamik in der unmittelbaren Umgebung und kann mit IR Spektroskopie gemessen werden, z. B. mit Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) Spektroskopie. IR Spektroskopie bietet eine außergewöhnlich gute Zeitauflösung, die es ermöglicht, dynamische Prozesse in Molekülen auf einer Zeitskala von wenigen Picosekunden zu beobachten, wie z. B. die ultraschnelle Weiterleitung von Schwingungsenergie. Mit zweidimensionaler (2D)-IR Spektroskopie können die Relaxation von schwingungsangeregten Zuständen und strukturelle Fluktuationen um die schwingende Bindung untersucht werden. Allerdings geht die herausragende Zeitauflösung mit limitierter spektraler Auflösung einher. In größeren Molekülen mit zahlreichen Bindungen überlagern sich die Schwingungsbanden und die Ortsauflösung geht verloren. Um diese Limitierung zu überwinden, können IR Marker benutzt werden, chemische Gruppen, die in einer spektral durchsichtigen Region des Protein/Wasser Spektrums (1800 bis 2500 cm-1) absorbieren. Als ncAA können sie kotranslational in Proteine an einer gewünschten Stelle eingebaut werden und so ortsspezifische Informationen aus dem Proteininneren liefern. Aufgrund ihrer geringen Größe, eines relativ großen Extinktionskoeffizientens (350-400 M-1cm-1) und einer hohen Empfindlichkeit auf Änderungen in der lokalen Umgebung sind organische Azide (N3) wie zum Beispiel Aha besonders geeignete IR Marker. Aha kann als Methionin Analogon ins Protein eingebaut werden.
...
We use the quantum null energy condition in strongly coupled two-dimensional field theories (QNEC2) as diagnostic tool to study a variety of phase structures, including crossover, second and first order phase transitions. We find a universal QNEC2 constraint for first order phase transitions with kinked entanglement entropy and discuss in general the relation between the QNEC2-inequality and monotonicity of the Casini-Huerta c-function. We then focus on a specific example, the holographic dual of which is modelled by three-dimensional Einstein gravity plus a massive scalar field with one free parameter in the self-interaction potential. We study translation invariant stationary states dual to domain walls and black branes. Depending on the value of the free parameter we find crossover, second and first order phase transitions between such states, and the c-function either flows to zero or to a finite value in the infrared. Strikingly, evaluating QNEC2 for ground state solutions allows to predict the existence of phase transitions at finite temperature.
We use the quantum null energy condition in strongly coupled two-dimensional field theories (QNEC2) as diagnostic tool to study a variety of phase structures, including crossover, second and first order phase transitions. We find a universal QNEC2 constraint for first order phase transitions with kinked entanglement entropy and discuss in general the relation between the QNEC2-inequality and monotonicity of the Casini-Huerta c-function. We then focus on a specific example, the holographic dual of which is modelled by three-dimensional Einstein gravity plus a massive scalar field with one free parameter in the self-interaction potential. We study translation invariant stationary states dual to domain walls and black branes. Depending on the value of the free parameter we find crossover, second and first order phase transitions between such states, and the c-function either flows to zero or to a finite value in the infrared. Strikingly, evaluating QNEC2 for ground state solutions allows to predict the existence of phase transitions at finite temperature.
This working paper suggests to analyse agencification as a double process of institutional and policy centralisation. To that end, it develops a categorisation of agencies that incorporates these two dimensions. More specifically, it is argued that mixed outcomes where the levels of institutional and policy centralisation diverge can be expected to be the rule rather than the exception, in line with the hybrid nature of EU agencies as inbetweeners. Moreover, the fiduciary setting hits important legal constraints given the limits to delegation in the EU context. Against this backdrop a process whereby institutional centralisation develops incrementally and remains limited, yet is accompanied by a process of substantial policy centralisation, appears as the most promising path for EU agencification. A fiduciary setting, where a strong agency enjoys a high degree of independence and operates in a centralised policy space, by contrast, should be the exception. The comparative study of the process of agencification in the energy and banking sector is insightful in the light of these expectations. The incremental nature of institutional change in energy exemplifies the usual path of agencification, which is conducive to a weak agency operating in a relatively centralised policy space. Agencification in banking, by contrast, has led to a rather unusual outcome where the strong agency model combines with a fragmented policy context.
Following the financial crash and the subsequent recession, European policymakers have undertaken major reforms regarding the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Yet, the success rate is mixed. Several reform proposals have either completely failed due to opposition forces or are still pending, sometimes for years. This article provides an overview of reforms in four major policy fields: financial stabilisation, economic governance, fiscal solidarity, and cooperative dissolution. Building on the conceptual foundation of policy analysis, it distinguishes between policy outputs and outcomes. Policy output refers to legislation being adopted or agreement on treaty changes, while policy outcomes depict the result from the implementation process.
The morbidity and mortality of severely injured patients are commonly affected by multiple factors. Especially, severe chest trauma has been shown to be a significant factor in considering outcome. Contemporaneously, weight-associated endocrinological, haematological, and metabolic deviations from the norm seem to have an impact on the posttraumatic course. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of body weight on severely injured patients by emphasizing chest trauma. A total of 338 severely injured patients were included. Multivariate regression analyses were performed on patients with severe chest trauma (AIS ≥ 3) and patients with minor chest trauma (AIS < 3). The influence of body weight on in-hospital mortality was evaluated. Of all the patients, 70.4% were male, the median age was 52 years (IQR 36–68), the overall Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 24 points (IQR 17–29), and a median BMI of 25.1 points (IQR 23–28) was determined. In general, chest trauma was associated with prolonged ventilation, prolonged ICU treatment, and increased mortality. For overweight patients with severe chest trauma, an independent survival benefit was found (OR 0.158; p = 0.037). Overweight seems to have an impact on the mortality of severely injured patients with combined chest trauma. Potentially, a nutritive advantage or still-unknown immunological aspects in these patients affecting the intensive treatment course could be argued.
Active efficient coding explains the development of binocular vision and its failure in amblyopia
(2020)
The development of vision during the first months of life is an active process that comprises the learning of appropriate neural representations and the learning of accurate eye movements. While it has long been suspected that the two learning processes are coupled, there is still no widely accepted theoretical framework describing this joint development. Here we propose a computational model of the development of active binocular vision to fill this gap. The model is based on a new formulation of the Active Efficient Coding theory, which proposes that eye movements, as well as stimulus encoding, are jointly adapted to maximize the overall coding efficiency. Under healthy conditions, the model self-calibrates to perform accurate vergence and accommodation eye movements. It exploits disparity cues to deduce the direction of defocus, which leads to co-ordinated vergence and accommodation responses. In a simulated anisometropic case, where the refraction power of the two eyes differs, an amblyopia-like state develops, in which the foveal region of one eye is suppressed due to inputs from the other eye. After correcting for refractive errors, the model can only reach healthy performance levels if receptive fields are still plastic, in line with findings on a critical period for binocular vision development. Overall, our model offers a unifying conceptual framework for understanding the development of binocular vision.
Active efficient coding explains the development of binocular vision and its failure in amblyopia
(2020)
The development of vision during the first months of life is an active process that comprises the learning of appropriate neural representations and the learning of accurate eye movements. While it has long been suspected that the two learning processes are coupled, there is still no widely accepted theoretical framework describing this joint development. Here, we propose a computational model of the development of active binocular vision to fill this gap. The model is based on a formulation of the active efficient coding theory, which proposes that eye movements as well as stimulus encoding are jointly adapted to maximize the overall coding efficiency. Under healthy conditions, the model self-calibrates to perform accurate vergence and accommodation eye movements. It exploits disparity cues to deduce the direction of defocus, which leads to coordinated vergence and accommodation responses. In a simulated anisometropic case, where the refraction power of the two eyes differs, an amblyopia-like state develops in which the foveal region of one eye is suppressed due to inputs from the other eye. After correcting for refractive errors, the model can only reach healthy performance levels if receptive fields are still plastic, in line with findings on a critical period for binocular vision development. Overall, our model offers a unifying conceptual framework for understanding the development of binocular vision.
Purpose: The prevalence of "ocal allergic rhinitis" within individuals suffering from perennial rhinitis remains uncertain, and patients usually are diagnosed with non-allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of a potential "local allergic rhinitis" in subjects suffering from non-allergic rhinitis in a non-selected group of young students.
Methods: 131 students (age 25.0 ± 5.1 years) with a possible allergic rhinitis and 25 non-allergic controls without rhinitis symptoms (age 22.0 ± 2.0 years) were recruited by public postings. 97 of 131 students with rhinitis were tested positive (≥3 mm) to prick testing with 17 frequent allergens at visit 1. Twenty-four 24 subjects with a house dust mite allergy, 21 subjects with a non-allergic rhinitis, and 18 non-allergic controls were further investigated at visit 2. Blood samples were taken, and nasal secretion was examined. In addition, all groups performed a nasal provocation test with house dust mite (HDM).
Results: In serum and nasal secretion, total IgE and house dust mite specific IgE significantly differed between HDM positive subjects and controls. However, no differences between non-allergic subjects and control subjects were quantifiable. Neither a nasal provocation test nor a nasal IgE to HDM allergens showed a measurable positive response in any of the non-allergic rhinitis subjects as well as the healthy controls, whilst being positive in 13 subjects with HDM allergy.
Conclusions: Nasal IgE is present in subjects with HDM allergy, but not in non-allergic rhinitis. In the investigated non-selected population, exclusive local production of IgE is absent. By implication, therefore, our findings challenge the emerging concept of local allergic rhinitis.
Study identifier at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT 02810535.
Populists in the EU often call for restrictions on EU immigrants’ access to welfare rights. These calls are often demagogic and parochial. This paper aims to show what exactly is both distinct and problematic with these populist calls from a normative point of view while not necessarily reducible to demagogy and parochialism. The overall aim of the paper is not to argue that all populists call for such restrictions nor to claim that all calls for such restrictions are populist. The purpose of the paper is rather humble. It only aims to show that populist calls for restrictions on EU immigrants’ access to welfare rights are characterised by two normatively problematic arguments that target two different subsets of the citizenry: what I dub for the purpose of this paper the moralists and the immoralists. It is the way populists address these two subsets of the citizenry, as well as the fact that they could simultaneously appeal to the concerns of both groups, that makes populist approaches to welfare rights both conceptually distinct to other approaches as well as potentially politically appealing to a more diverse population of voters.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a neoplastic disorder of blood cells of the lymphoid lineage, is the most frequent childhood cancer. In spite of increasing survival rates, the outcome for adults, infants or relapsed patients is still less favorable, highlighting the need for novel treatment options. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules that are involved in a variety of cellular pathways. As high ROS levels lead to oxidative stress and irreversible oxidation of cellular macromolecules, the production and elimination of ROS is tightly controlled. Therefore, cells express several antioxidant molecules and enzymes, including glutathione, catalase and the thioredoxin (Trx) system, to balance ROS levels. As cancer cells were found to have increased ROS levels that could contribute to tumor progression and metastasis, they rely strongly on these antioxidant systems to prevent oxidative damage, making cancer cells especially vulnerable to ROS-inducing treatments. ROS and oxidative stress have been shown to induce programmed cell death via different pathways, however the exact mechanisms that couples oxidative signaling and cell death is not completely understood.
As a disturbance of the cellular redox homeostasis was reported during leukemia development and progression, we wanted to determine the potential of Trx inhibitors for ALL therapy. Additionally, we aimed to further understand the role of ROS and subsequent protein oxidation in the induction and execution of programmed cell death.
First, we demonstrated that the Trx1 inhibitor PX-12 induced cell death in three ALL cell lines. Further analysis of the events leading to PX-12-induced cell death in FADD-deficient (FD) Jurkat cells revealed an increase in ROS levels and oxidation-mediated dimer formation of peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3). Interestingly cell death was inhibited by the thiol-containing antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), but not by non-thiol-containing ROS scavengers. PX-12 treatment further induced cleavage of caspase-9 and -3 and activation of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 protein BAK, leading us to the conclusion that mitochondria-dependent apoptosis was induced. Interestingly, we could demonstrate an important role for the BH3-only protein NOXA in the mediation of PX-12-induced apoptosis as knock-down of NOXA prevented cell death induction and BAK activation. Our findings give novel insights into the mechanism of PX-12-induced cell death in ALL cell lines and underscores the potential of PX-12 for the treatment of ALL.
To further understand the processes leading to cell death upon inhibition of the Trx system, we analyzed global protein oxidation in Jurkat FD cells upon treatment with the Trx reductase inhibitor Auranofin. In line with previous results, Auranofin induced intrinsic apoptosis that was dependent on BAK and accompanied by increased ROS levels. Using a BIAM Switch Assay followed by mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that Auranofin treatment induced oxidation of over 200 proteins. We identified several proteins whose oxidation upon Auranofin treatment was expected, like Trx1, Trx2 and several peroxiredoxins. Additionally, we verified oxidation of APAF1-interacting protein (APIP) and protein arginine N-methyltransferase (PRMT1) that are both implicated in the regulation of apoptosis. With this analysis we were able to demonstrate that Auranofin treatment leads to changes in global protein oxidation. Whether oxidation of the determined proteins changes their functionality and contributes to apoptosis induction remains to be elucidated.
As we identified BAK as an important player in PX-12- and Auranofin-induced cell death in the previous parts of this study, we wanted to further understand its involvement in ROS-mediated cell death. First analyses in wild-type (WT) and BAK-/- murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) revealed that BAK was essential for Auranofin-induced cell death and that this cell death was caspase-independent in MEFs. Interestingly, BAK oxidation was induced upon treatment with Auranofin, but not upon stimulation with the apoptosis-inducing compound Etoposide. Expression of mutated BAK, with either one or both oxidation-sensitive cysteines mutated to oxidation-insensitive serines, revealed that mutating already one cysteine protected cells from Auranofin , but not Etoposide-induced cell death. Of note, mutation of the BAK BH3 domain rescued MEFs from both, Auranofin- and Etoposide-mediated cell death. The presence of cysteine residues also altered BAK interactions as observed by a mass spectrometric analysis of Auranofin-treated MEFs expressing either WT or cysteine-less BAK. We identified interactions of WT BAK with proteins involved in mitochondrial fission and vesicle transport upon Auranofin treatment. Of note, interaction with proteins involved in apoptosis, like BAX or BCL-XL, was not changed between WT and cysteine-less BAK. Our results demonstrate a critical role for BAK oxidation in Auranofin-induced cell death. Furthermore, we identified novel oxidation-dependent BAK interaction partners.
To conclude, this study highlights the potential of ROS-inducing treatments for ALL therapy and provides novel insights into the redox regulation of programmed cell death.
Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T), a pleiotropic chromosomal breakage syndrome, is caused by the loss of the kinase Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). ATM is not only involved in the response to DNA damage, but also in sensing and counteracting oxidative stress. Since a disturbed redox balance has been implicated in the pathophysiology of A-T lung disease, we aimed to further explore the interplay between ATM and oxidative stress in lung cells. Using a kinetic trapping approach, we could demonstrate an interaction between the trapping mutant TRX1-CS and ATM upon oxidative stress. We could further show that combined inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and ATM kinase activity, using Auranofin and KU55933 respectively, induced an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and protein oxidation in lung cells. Furthermore, ATM inhibition sensitized lung cells to Auranofin-induced cell death that could be rescued by ROS scavengers. As a consequence, targeted reduction of ATM by TRX1 could serve as a regulator of oxidative ATM activation and contribute to the maintenance of the cellular redox homeostasis. These results highlight the importance of the redox-active function of ATM in preventing ROS accumulation and cell death in lung cells.
A strong decline and thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover over the past five decades has been documented. The former multiyear sea-ice system has largely changed to an annual system and with it the dynamics of sea-ice transport across the Arctic Ocean. Less sea ice is reaching the Fram Strait and more ice and ice-transported material is released in the northern Laptev Sea and the central Arctic Ocean. This trend is expected to have a decisive impact on ice associated (“sympagic”) communities. As sympagic fauna plays an important role in transmitting carbon from the ice-water interface to the pelagic and benthic food webs, it is important to monitor its community composition under the changing environmental conditions. We investigated the taxonomic composition, abundance and distribution of sea-ice meiofauna (here heterotrophs >10 μm; eight stations) and under-ice fauna (here metazoans >300 μm; fourteen stations) in Arctic 1.5 year-old pack ice north of Svalbard. Sampling was conducted during spring 2015 by sea-ice coring and trawling with a Surface and Under-Ice Trawl. We identified 42 taxa associated with the sea ice. The total abundance of sea-ice meiofauna ranged between 580 and 17,156 ind.m–2 and was dominated by Ciliophora (46%), Copepoda nauplii (29%), and Harpacticoida (20%). In contrast to earlier studies in this region, we found no Nematoda and few flatworms in our sea-ice samples. Under-ice fauna abundance ranged between 15 and 6,785 ind.m–2 and was dominated by Appendicularia (58%), caused by exceptionally high abundance at one station. Copepoda nauplii (23%), Calanus finmarchicus (9%), and Calanus glacialis (6%) were also very abundant while sympagic Amphipoda were comparatively rare (0.35%). Both sympagic communities showed regional differences in community composition and abundance between shelf and offshore stations, but only for the under-ice fauna those differences were statistically significant. Selected environmental variables moderately explained variations in abundances of both faunas. The results of this study are consistent with predictions of diversity shifts in the new Arctic.
In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde das bovine, Hydroxylapatit-basierte, Knochenersatzmaterial Hypro-Oss® zunächst ex vivo überprüft, anschließend subkutan in den interskapulären Bereich von 12 weiblichen Wistar-Ratten (Testgruppe) eingebracht; bei 12 weiteren Tieren erfolgte eine Sham-Operation ohne Einbringung von Biomaterial (Kontrollgruppe). Anschließend wurde die Gewebereaktion über 30 Tage beobachtet und die Explantate jeweils nach Tag 3, 15 und 30 histologisch und histomorphometrisch untersucht.
Die histologische Analyse zeigte innerhalb des Beobachtungszeitraums von 30 Tagen eine störungsfreie Eingliederung der Hypro-Oss®-Granula in das umliegende Gewebe. Bereits 3 Tage nach Einbringung des Biomaterials waren mononukleäre Zellen erkennbar, die bis Tag 30 weiter zunahmen. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt zeigten sich auch TRAP-positive, CD-68-negative Multinukleäre Zellen, die das Ergebnis einer Fusion von Makrophagen sind und eine Fremdkörperreaktion indizierten. Nach 30 Tagen zeigten sich die Granula histologisch stabil integriert ohne Anzeichen einer immunologischen Abstoßungsreaktion.
Die CD-68-Expression der aufgefundenen Makrophagen und mehrkernigen Riesenzellen bildete ein Kriterium zur Unterscheidung der MNGCs von Osteoklasten, die ebenfalls mehrkernig sind, aber dieses Cluster of Differentiation nicht tragen. Dies charakterisiert die vorgefundenen MNGCs als Fremdkörper-Riesenzellen, da sie ebenso wie die pathologischen Riesenzellen vom Typ Langerhans CD-68 exprimieren.
Dieses Bild bestätigte sich für die Hypro-Oss®-Gruppe in der histomorphometrischen Betrachtung über eine kontinuierliche Zunahme von überwiegend CD-68-positiven Makrophagen bis zum Tag 30, während sie für die Kontrollgruppe über die gesamte Zeit rückläufig waren. Die Multinukleären Zellen erreichten dagegen bereits an Tag 15 ihren Höhepunkt, während in der Kontrollgruppe über den gesamten Beobachtungszeitraum erwartungsgemäß keine MNGCs gefunden wurden.
Der hoch signifikante Anstieg der MNGC-Zahl der Testgruppe bis Tag 15 korreliert positiv mit den Vaskularisationsdaten, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Multinukleären Zellen durch die Einbringung des Biomaterials induziert wurden und über die Sekretion des Signalmoleküls VEGF einen wesentlichen Faktor für die Blutgefäßbildung bilden.
Eine Auffälligkeit hat sich jedoch in Bezug auf das Alleinstellungsmerkmal von Hypro-Oss® gezeigt, welches bei der Aufreinigung nicht erhitzt wird. Diverse Studien haben einen Zusammenhang der Höhe der Sintertemperatur mit der Bildung von MNGCs nachgewiesen, wonach für Hypro-Oss® eine geringe Induzierung von MNGCs zu erwarten gewesen wäre als für vergleichbare, höher erhitzte bovine Knochenersatzmaterialien. Dagegen zeigten die Vaskularisationsdaten unserer Untersuchung für Hypro-Oss® im Vergleich zu 2 anderen bovinen Knochenersatzmaterialien (Bio-Oss® und BEGO OSS®) jedoch signifikant höhere Werte für die Blutgefäßbildung als dies aus der Korrelation von Sintertemperatur mit der Anzahl Multinukleärer Riesenzellen zu erwarten gewesen wäre.
Aufgrund der relativ kurzen Dauer der Beobachtung lassen sich keine belastbaren Ergebnisse in Bezug auf den zu erwartenden Materialabbau und die ossäre Integration von Hypro-Oss® feststellen, welche einer längerfristigen Analyse bedürften als es in dieser Untersuchung möglich war. Es gibt aber klinische Erfahrungsberichte23 hinsichtlich Handling, Heilungsverlauf und Materialintegration von Hypro-Oss® bei Sinusbodenelevation und Guided Bone Regeneration, die auch in der Langfristbetrachtung positive Ergebnisse zeigten. Offen bleibt, ob nicht eine physiologische Wundheilung nur mittels Makrophagen einer pathologischen Wundheilung unter Mitwirkung Multinukleärer Riesenzellen überlegen ist: zumindest robustere Knochenersatzmaterialien wie z.B. das hier untersuchte Hypro-Oss® scheinen dabei weniger sensibel auf Multinukleäre Riesenzellen zu reagieren.
Sarcomas are rare cancers with high heterogeneity in terms of type, location, and treatment. The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of sarcoma patients has rarely been investigated and is the subject of this analysis. Adult sarcoma patients and survivors were assessed between September 2017 and February 2019 in 39 study centers in Germany using standardized, validated questionnaires (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30)). Associated factors were analyzed exploratively using multivariable linear regressions. Among 1113 patients, clinically important limitations and symptoms were most pronounced in emotional (63%, 95% CI 60–66%), physical (60%, 95% CI 57–62%), role functioning (51%, 95% CI 48–54%), and pain (56%, 95% CI 53–59%) and fatigue (51%, 95% CI 48–54%). HRQoL differed between tumor locations with lower extremities performing the worst and sarcoma types with bone sarcoma types being most affected. Additionally, female gender, higher age, lower socioeconomic status, recurrent disease, not being in retirement, comorbidities, and being in treatment were associated with lower HRQoL. Sarcoma patients are severely restricted in their HRQoL, especially in functioning scales. The heterogeneity of sarcomas with regard to type and location is reflected in HRQoL outcomes. During treatment and follow-up, close attention has to be paid to the reintegration of the patients into daily life as well as to their physical abilities and emotional distress.
In this explorative study, we investigate how sequences of behaviour are related to success or failure in complex problem‐solving (CPS). To this end, we analysed log data from two different tasks of the problem‐solving assessment of the Programme for International Student Assessment 2012 study (n = 30,098 students). We first coded every interaction of students as (initial or repeated) exploration, (initial or repeated) goal‐directed behaviour, or resetting the task. We then split the data according to task successes and failures. We used full‐path sequence analysis to identify groups of students with similar behavioural patterns in the respective tasks. Double‐checking and minimalistic behaviour was associated with success in CPS, while guessing and exploring task‐irrelevant content was associated with failure. Our findings held for both tasks investigated, from two different CPS measurement frameworks. We thus gained detailed insight into the behavioural processes that are related to success and failure in CPS.
Aim: Assessment of the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on haematological parameters in patients with grades B (BP) and C periodontitis (CP).
Methods: Eight BP and 46 CP patients received full-mouth periodontal debridement within 48 h, if positive for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans with adjunctive systemic antibiotics (4 BP, 17 CP). Clinical data were collected prior and 12 weeks after periodontal therapy. Blood was sampled prior to and 1 day as well as 6 and 12 weeks after the first SD visit. Erythrocyte count, haemoglobin value, haematocrit (HCT), mean erythrocyte volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC), platelets (PLT) and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) were assessed.
Results: Both groups showed significant clinical improvement (p < 0.05). Using univariate analysis, MCV was noticeably lower in CP than BP at all examinations, HCT only at baseline. For CP, MCHC was noticeably higher 12 weeks after SD than at baseline and 1 day (p ≤ 0.005) and Hsp27 increased noticeably at 1 day (p < 0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed African origin to be associated with lower MCV and female sex with lower MCHC.
Conclusion: Based on multivariate analysis, periodontal diagnosis (BP/CP) was not associated with haematological parameters measured in this study or serum Hsp27. In CP, nonsurgical periodontal therapy improved MCHC 12 weeks after SD. Also in CP Hsp27 was increased 1 day after SD.
Zur Evolution der Hirnmorphologie und Anpassungen an Extremhabitate im Taxon Poecilia (Teleostei)
(2020)
Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen kontrastierender Umweltbedingungen auf die Gehirnmorphologie von neotropischen Fischen der Gattung Poecilia, welche unterschiedlichen abiotischen sowie biotischen Stressoren ausgesetzt sind. Da das Gehirn der Teleostei ein energetisch kostspieliges Organ und viel plastischer ist als z. B. bei Säugetieren, stellt sich die Frage, wie die Gehirnanatomie durch divergierende ökologische Faktoren in verschiedenen Umgebungen geformt wird, die ´extreme´, ´ressourcenbeschränkte und günstige´ Umgebungen repräsentieren. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurden intraspezifische Studien an freilebenden und Laborindividuen von Poecilia-Arten durchgeführt, um die evolutionäre und ökologische Formgebung des Gehirns besser verstehen zu lernen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wurden Gehirnvolumina verglichen zwischen reproduktiv isolierten Populationen des neotropischen Fisches Poecilia mexicana (Ntotal = 95), die in Dunkelheit leben (Cueva Luna Azufre), in einem nahegelegenen Oberflächenhabitat (El Azufre), welcher giftigen Schwefelwasserstoff enthält und einer Kombination aus beiden Stressoren Dunkelheit und H2S (Cueva del Azufre). In einer zweiten Studie wurde auf anatomische („konvergente“) Veränderungen im Teleost-Gehirn entlang eines natürlichen Gradienten von Sulfidkonzentrationen getestet. Hierfür wurden Gehirne (Ntotal = 100) von P. mexicana verglichen, die in drei Flusssystemen im Süden Mexikos unabhängig voneinander eine erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber Schwefelwasserstoff (H2S) entwickelt haben. Dazu gehörten eine phylogenetisch alte H2S-adaptierte Form (P. sulphuraria) und zwei P. mexicana Formen, welche frühere Stufen der Anpassung an H2S darstellen. Zur Überprüfung des Einflusses anderer abiotischer und biotischer Faktoren auf die Morphologie der Gehirnregionen wurde eine weitere Studie durchgeführt. Hierbei wurden die phänotypischen Variationen der Gehirnregionen und der Körpermorphologie von Poecilia vivipara-Populationen (Ntotal = 211) aus Lagunen des Restinga de Jurubatiba Nationalpark untersucht, die sich in abiotischen Umgebungsbedingungen, insbesondere in Salzgehalt, Wassertransparenz, Phosphat und Nitrat sowie biotischen Faktoren wie Prädatorendichte unterschieden. Die erste Studie zeigte lebensraumabhängige Unterschiede bei freilebenden Fischen. Bei Fischen, die in Dunkelheit ohne H2S (LA) oder in Oberflächenhabitaten mit H2S lebten, wurden vergrößerte telenzephale Lappen, kleinere Augen und optische Tekta gefunden. Fische aus der sulfidischen Höhle (CA) zeigten zusätzlich vergrößerte Corpus cerebelli. Der Vergleich mit den Gehirnen von Labor aufgezogenen weiblichen Fischen (Ntotal = 25) zeigt eine allgemeine Verringerung der Gehirngröße sowie eine geringe Abweichung der Gehirngröße zwischen Labor aufgezogenen und freilebenden Fischen. Auch in der zweiten Studie zeigten alle in H2S-haltigen Lebensräumen lebenden Fische kleinere Augen, ein kleineres optisches Tektum und ein kleineres Gehirnvolumen, jedoch größere Corpus cerebelli und Hypothalamusvolumen als Fische aus nicht-sulfidischen Lebensräumen. Flusssystem-spezifische Effekte wurden für die telenzephalen Lappen, das gesamte Gehirn und die Augengröße festgestellt, da die Geschlechter je nach Quelle des Flusssystems unterschiedlich auf das Vorhandensein von H2S reagierten. Die dritte Studie zeigt auch, dass andere Umwelteinflüsse bemerkenswerte Verschiebungen im Gehirn und in den Gehirnregionen verursachen können. Fische, die im Süßwasser leben, zeigten eine verringerte Gesamthirngröße, telenzephale Lappen, Corpus cerebelli und Hypothalamusvolumen. Darüber hinaus zeigten Fische aus Salzwasserlagunen (hypersalin), ein verringertes Volumen des optischen Tektum, während telenzephale Lappen, Corpus cerebelli und Hypothalamusvolumen im Vergleich zu Süßwasserfischen vergrößert waren. Im Brackwasser lebende Fische wiesen im Vergleich zu Süß- und Salzwasserfischen die größten Gehirnregion-Volumen auf. Darüber hinaus zeigten die Ergebnisse über die Lagunen hinweg auch Unterschiede in der Morphologie der Kopf- und Augendurchmesser. Bei Augengröße, Kopfgröße, optischem Tektum Volumen, Hypothalamusvolumen und dem Gesamthirnvolumen wurde ein sexueller Dimorphismus beobachtet. Die dargestellten Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die gefundenen Muster nahezu mit denen von H2S-Fischen identisch sind. Die ausgeprägten Unterschiede in den Hirnregionen zwischen freilebenden Fischen können als Teil der Mosaikentwicklung interpretiert werden. Die Ergebnisse der Laborpopulation zeigen jedoch eine hohe phänotypische Plastizität. Diese Studie unterstreicht damit die Bedeutung der Kombination der Untersuchung von freilebenden mit im Labor lebenden Individuen zur Beantwortung von Fragen der Gehirnentwicklung. Kleinere Augen und ein kleineres optisches Tektum, aber größere telenzephale Lappen wurden auch bei Fischen aus einem sulfidischen Oberflächenhabitat in der Nähe einer der Höhlen gefunden und sind den Ergebnissen zufolge das Resultat begrenzter Sehkraft in trüben sulfidischen Lebensräumen.
...
Inappropriate land management leads to soil loss with destruction of the land’s resource and sediment input into the receiving river. Part of the sediment budget of a catchment is the estimation of soil loss. In the Ruzizi catchment in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), only limited research has been conducted on soil loss mainly dealing with local observations on geomorphological forms or river load measurements; a regional quantification of soil loss is missing so far. Such quantifications can be calculated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). It is composed of four factors: precipitation (R), soil (K), topography (LS), and vegetation cover (C). The factors can be calculated in different ways according to the characteristics of the study area. In this paper, different approaches for calculating the single factors are reviewed and validated with field work in two sub-catchments of Ruzizi River supplying the water for the reservoirs of Ruzizi I and II hydroelectric dams. It became obvious that the (R)USLE model provides the best results with revised R and LS factors. C factor calculations required to conduct a supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood Procedure. Different C factor values were assigned to the land cover classes. The calculations resulted in a soil loss rate for the predominantly occurring Ferralsols and Leptosols of around 576 kt/yr in both catchments, when 2016 landcover and precipitation are used. This represents an area-normalized value of 40.4 t/ha/yr for Ruzizi I and 50.5 t/ha/yr for Ruzizi II due to different landcover in the two sub-catchments. The mean value for the whole study area is 47.8 t/ha/yr or even 27.1 t/ha/yr when considering land management techniques like terracing on the slopes (P factor). This work has shown that the (R)USLE model can serve as an easy to handle tool for soil loss quantification when comprehensive field work results are sparse. The model can be implemented in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with free data; hence, a validation is crucial. It becomes apparent that the use of high resolution Sentinel 2a MSI data as the basis for C factor calculations is an appropriate method for considering heterogeneous Land Use Land Cover (LULC) patterns. To transfer the approach to other regions, the calculation of factor R needs to be modified
Garbage piles up in the capital of Cambodia; it lies around in corners, on streets, in fields. COVID-19, which has led to a global reduction in the production of greenhouse gases considered utopian, has had little if any significant impact within this country, where garbage is produced in the same amounts, likewise burned and buried, or dumped into the rivers. The smelly sewage channels of Phnom Penh run as brown as usual, patterned with flip-flops, shampoo packaging, diverse plastic particles, and undefinable fragments of rubbish, travelling south-eastwards into the morning glory fields; passing by buzzing, still active markets, passing urban poor areas, where children play in the thick mud, passing citizens in facemasks. On 10 April, the Cambodian government counted some 120 official cases of COVID-19 infection among its populace...
In Deutschland erkranken pro Jahr bis zu 12.000 Menschen neu an Leukämie. Leukämie ist eine schwere onkologische Erkrankung, bei der reifes Knochenmarkgewebe in Folge von Mutationen unreifer und defekter Vorläuferzellen (leukämischen Blasten) verdrängt wird. Dies führt zu einer zunehmend eingeschränkten Blutbildung. Akute Leukämieformen können unbehandelt innerhalb von wenigen Wochen zum Tode führen und erfordern deshalb eine umgehende Diagnostik sowie einen raschen Therapiebeginn. Heilungschancen bestehen dann, wenn durch die Transplantation von gesunden hämatopoetischen Stammzellen (HSZT) das erkrankte Knochenmark ausreichend ersetzt wird. Leider sind Abstoßungsreaktionen des Spendermaterials (engl.: Graft-versus-Host-Disease, GvHD) keine Seltenheit.
Natürliche Killerzellen (NK-Zellen) stellen die kleinste Lymphozytenpopulation im menschlichen Blut dar und werden dem angeborenen Immunsystem zugerechnet. Sie wurden erstmals 1975 durch die Forscher Kiessling, Klein et al. entdeckt.17 Aufgrund ihrer Fähigkeit bestimmte Tumorzellen in vitro zu töten, wächst das Interesse an der Erforschung ihrer aktivierenden und inhibierenden Oberflächenrezeptoren. Die Killer-Zell-Immunoglobulin-ähnlichen Rezeptoren (KIRs) bilden dabei eine besonders diverse NKZell-Rezeptorfamilie. Lokalisiert auf Chromosom 19 liegen bis zu 17 hochpolymorphe KIRGene. Die genetische Ausstattung und Oberflächenexpression variiert von Individuum zu Individuum und bildet die Voraussetzung für die vorhandene Diversität KIR-exprimierender NK-Zellen. NK-Zellen besitzen die Fähigkeit, Gewebezellen in „körpereigen“ oder „fremd“ zu kategorisieren. Inhibitorische Killer-Immunoglobulin-ähnliche Rezeptoren (iKIR) nutzen dazu HLA-Klasse-I-Proteine (MHC-I) auf der Oberfläche gesunder Zellen. Diese schützen sie vor einem zytotoxischen NK-Zell-Angriff. NK-Zellen durchlaufen im Vorfeld einen komplexen Ausbildungssprozess48, an dessen Ende lizensierte Effektorzellen stehen. Diese können mittels gezielter Zytolyse krebstransformierte, zellulär-gestresste, sowie viralinfizierte Zellen im intakten Organismus erkennen und abtöten.
Die Spenderauswahl ist ein wichtiger Faktor für den Erfolg einer Stammzelltransplantation. Infundierte Spender NK-Zellen schützen das Transplantat, indem sie als wirksame Effektorzellen verbleibende Leukämiezellen aktiv eliminieren. Diese wünschenswerte Nebenwirkung wird als Graft-versus-Leukämie (GvL)-Effekt bezeichnet. Ruggeri et al. konnte zeigen, dass insbesondere Transplantationsstrategien, die auf KIR-Ligand-Fehlpaarungen (engl.: KIR-HLA-mismatch) basieren, zu weniger Rückfällen, weniger GvHD und einem besseren Gesamtüberleben bei Patienten mit akuter myeloischer Leukämie (AML) nach HSZT führt. Der KIR-HLA-mismatch wird mittlerweile aufgrund ausreichender Datenlage bei der Auswahl passender NK-Zell-Spender berücksichtigt und die Untersuchung auf die An- bzw. Abwesenheit bestimmter KIR-Gene (Haplotypisierung)
mittlerweile neben der HLA-Typisierung standardisiert in vielen Instituten durchgeführt. Daneben finden sich immer mehr Hinweise dafür, dass bereits einzelne allelische Polymorphismen innerhalb der KIR-Gene einzelner Spender großen Einfluss auf die Funktionalität ihrer NK-Zellen nehmen. Die allelische Subtypisierung von KIRs stellt aufgrund stetig steigender Zahlen neu entdeckter Allele eine Herausforderung dar. Im Januar 2019 sind für KIR2DL1 bereits 66 Allele beschrieben und für KIR3DL1 sogar 150 Allele in der Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) hinterlegt.
Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert ein praktikables Subtypisierungsverfahren, um allelische Unterschiede innerhalb der Genloci der NK-Zell-Rezeptoren KIR2DL1 und KIR3DL1 zu untersuchen. Für die Experimente wurden NK-Zellen von 20 gesunden Spendern funktionell untersucht und KIR-genetisch analysiert. Ziel war es innerhalb dieser Individuen besonders potente NK-Zellspender zu identifizieren und diese anhand bestimmter Polymorphismen und/ oder der Expression von KIR-Rezeptoren zu charakterisieren. Bei der Subtypisierung der KIR2DL1-Gene konnten 12 verschiedene, bereits bekannte KIR2DL1-Allele bestimmt werden. Die häufigsten Allele waren dabei 2DL1*001, *00201, *00302, *00401 und *00403. 5 der 20 Spender konnten der funktionell hochpotenten R245–Allelgruppe (AS Arginin an Pos. 245) zugeordnet werden. Spender 13 zeigte bei negativer KIR2DL1-SSP eine vermeintlich neue Nullallelvariante, Spender 20 eine neue heterozygote Variante, resultierend in der Kombination eines Arginin mit Alanin (R/A). Bei der allelischer Subtypisierung von KIR3DL1 wurden 25 verschiedene, bereits bekannte KIR3DL1-Allele bei den 20 Spendern bestimmt. Spender 2 zeigt zahlreiche, vorwiegend homozygote Abweichungen von der Referenzfrequenz, insbesondere im Exon 5, und wurde als neue Allelvariante gewertet. Die häufigsten KIR3DL1-Allele waren 3DL1*00101, *002 und *087. Mittels durchflusszytometrischer Messung konnte gezeigt werden, dass das bekannte Nullallel 3DL1*0040101 bei Spender 14 zu keiner Oberflächenexpression des Rezeptors führt215, während Spendern 11 und 16 als Träger des 3DL1*00402 Allels eine Oberflächenexpression von rund 10% präsentierten. Um die Spender NK-Zellen der gebildeten Gruppen funktionell zu testen, wurden die NK-Zellen experimentell mit vier unterschiedlichen transgenen L721.221-Zelllinien stimuliert. Die funktionelle Potenz der
gespendeten NK-Zellen wurde mittels eines CD107-Degranulationsassays gemessen. Nach aktuellem Stand sind nur für 53 der 150 KIR3DL1-Allele die allelischen Expressionsmuster untersucht worden. Dies bedeutet im Umkehrschluss, dass für rund 65% der bekannten KIR3DL1-Allele Daten zur Funktionalität fehlen, und damit der größte Anteil der ermittelten Allele von 6 Spendern der unknown-Expression (KIR3DL1u/u) Gruppe zugeordnet wurde. Die Spender 4 und 19 der high-Expressiongruppe (KIR3DL1h/h), sowie Spender 5 und 10 der KIR3DL1u/u-Gruppe mit den Allelen 3DL1*053, *087, *109 und Spender 2 als Träger zweier neuer KIR3DL1-Allele, zeigten in toto die besten funktionellen Ergebnisse in den Experimenten gegen die verwendete B-lymphoblastoide L721.221-Zellinien. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen, dass bei der Spenderauswahl für NK-Zellbasierten Immuntherapie neben der Genotypisierung die allelische KIR-Subtypisierung als wertvolles Werkzeug entschiedener berücksichtigt werden sollte. Dafür ist es jedoch notwendig weiter an KIR-Subtypisierung und -Gruppierung Strategien zu arbeiten, um Natürlichen Killerzellen Wege in die klinische Standardpraxis zu bahnen.
Den photoaktivierbaren Schutzgruppen PPGs wurde als wichtige Werkzeuge, um z. B. biologische Prozesse zu untersuchen, in den letzten Jahren eine beachtliche Aufmerksamkeit zuteil. Der Einsatz von PPGs weist gegenüber chemischen Schutzgruppen wertvolle Vorteile auf, was deren Einsatz für biologische Konzepte attraktiv macht. Insbesondere, da keine weiteren Reagenzien außer Licht als Mittel für die Photolyse benötigt werden. Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, durch Einsatz moderner Lasertechnik, eine homogene Bestrahlung des Reaktionsvolumens mit einer hohen Lichtdosis auf einer, im Vergleich zu klassischen Lichtquellen, kürzeren Zeitskala zu gewährleisten.
Die Diversität der einsetzbaren photosensitiven Schutzgruppen, kommt einerseits der Vielfalt der anwachsenden biochemischen Fragestellungen insofern zugute, als dass die ausgewählten PPGs auf verschiedenste Anforderungen der zu untersuchenden Systeme zugeschnitten werden können. Anderseits kann die, durch einige Problemstellungen, erforderte chromatische Orthogonalität der eingesetzten Schutzgruppen, gewährleistet
werden, deren Umsetzung sich in den letzten Jahren in zahlreichen Studien als erfolgsversprechend erwies. Beide Aspekte sind unter anderem Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit.
Zum einen sollte das Photocaged Puromycin als photolabiles Antibiotikum Derivat, mithilfe der Cumarinylmethyl-Schutzgruppe (DEACM-Puromycin) optimiert werden und mit dem vorherigen Nitrobenzyl-geschützten NVOC-Puromycin mittels spektroskopischer und biochemischer Methoden verglichen werden. Zum anderen sollte eine neue Strategie etabliert werden, mit deren Hilfe das photolytisch entschützte Puromycin erneut deaktiviert werden kann.
DEACM-Puromycin konnte mithilfe eines fünfstufigen Syntheseweges hergestellt werden. Ausgehend von 7-Amino-4-methylcumarin, dessen allylische Methylgruppe durch die Riley-Reaktion mit Selendioxid Se2O zum entsprechenden DEACM-Aldehyd oxidiert wurde und anschließende Reduzierung in Anwesenheit von NaBH4 zum Cumarinalkohol DEACM-OH. Eine nicht toxische Variante, bei welcher Selendioxid umgangen wurde, zeichnete sich ebenso als zielführend aus. DEACM-OH und Puromycin konnten im Anschluss über ein Carbonat-Intermediat miteinander als Carbamat verknüpft und mithilfe von HPLC aufgetrennt werden.
Die Vorrangigkeit des neuen photolabilen Puromycin Derivates (DEACM-Puromycin), wurde zuerst mithilfe der Laser-NMR-Spektroskopie sowie HPLC Verfahren erfasst. Spektroskopische Analysen im Rahmen einer Kollaboration mit dem AK von Professor Wachtveitl bestätigten, dass DEACM-Puromycin für biologische Anwendungen geeignetere photolytische Eigenschaften, wie z. B. einen höheren Extinktionskoeffizienten, eine bathochrome Verschiebung des Absorptionsmaximums, sowie eine höhere Quantenausbeute und Uncaging Effizienz der Photolyse, aufwies. Basierend auf einer vergleichbaren HOMO-LUMO Differenz beider Verbindungen (DEACM-OH und DEACM-Puromycin), konnte die Spaltung der Schutzgruppe mithilfe der Differenz der Fluoreszenzslebensdauern mit einer Rate von 0,71*108 s-1 charakterisiert werden. Dies war im Vergleich zum vorherigen NVOC-Puromycin um eine Größenordnung höher. Weitere durchgeführte spektroskopische Methoden wurden mittels quantenchemischer Rechnungen unterstützt, um wichtige Erkenntnisse der kinetischen und dynamischen Abläufe der Photolyse des geschützten Puromycins anzueignen, z. B.:
• Der zur Photolyse von DEACM-Puromycin konkurrierende Fluoreszenzprozess, kann durch protische Medien unterdrückt werden. Dies und die somit ermöglichten Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen, welche die entstehenden ionischen Intermediate während der Photolyse stabilisieren, könnten sich für die Erhöhung der Quantenausbeute der photolytischen Abspaltung von DEACM-Puromycin zu Nutze gemacht werden.
• Anhand von Experimenten auf der ultrakurzen Zeitskala wurde die Population eines angeregten S1-ICT-Zustandes detektiert. Bei diesem findet, in Anwesenheit von polarem Lösungsmittel, einen Ladungstransfer der Diethylaminoreste auf den Cumarinring statt.
• Polare Lösungsmittel bewirken ebenfalls den Übergang zu einem TICT Zustand, welcher als nichtstrahlende Relaxation die Fluoreszenz des DEACM-Puromycins reduziert. Die Auswahl von Substituenten sowie polaren und protischen Lösungsmitteln zur Begünstigung der ICT- sowie TICT- Zustände, könnte zukünftig zur Optimierung der Photolyse Effizienz herangezogen werden.
Die gelungene Optimierung des geschützten Puromycins als ein photosensitives Antibiotikum, durch die DEACM-Schutzgruppe, konnte mittels eines XTT-Zellviabilität-Experimentes mit sf9-Insektenzellen nachgewiesen werden. Zusätzlich konnte die lichtkontrollierte Puromycylierung zur Visualisierung neu synthetisierter Proteine als weitere Funktion des optimierten photoaktivierbaren Puromycins in Zusammenarbeit mit dem AK. Schumann (MPI für
Hirnforschung, Frankfurt am Main) nachgeprüft werden. Obwohl beide photocaged Verbindungen, DEACM- sowie das vorherige NVOC-Puromycin, eine vergleichbare Zellpermeabilität zu den präparierten Neurozellen aufwiesen, zeigte DEACM-Puromycin unter gleichen Bedingungen nach der Belichtung ein signifikant intensiveres Puromycylierungsignal als NVOC-Puromycin. Unter der Annahme, dass sich mehr NVOC- als DEACM-Puromycin in
den Zellen befand, bestätigt diese Beobachtung die Vorrangigkeit des DEACM-Derivates, aufgrund seiner bereits optimierten photochemischen Eigenschaften. Durch den Einsatz eines Zwei-Photonen-Lasers, konnte die Eignung von DEACM-Puromycin für die raumselektive Steuerung der Detektion von neu exprimierten Proteinen, mit größerer Auflösung auf subzellularem Level, nachgewiesen werden.
...
The respiratory chain of Escherichia coli contains two different types of terminal oxidase that are differentially regulated as a response to changing environmental conditions. These oxidoreductases catalyze the reduction of molecular oxygen to water and contribute to the proton motive force. The cytochrome bo3 oxidase (cyt bo3) acts as the primary terminal oxidase under atmospheric oxygen levels, whereas the bd‐type oxidase is most abundant under microaerobic conditions. In E. coli, both types of respiratory terminal oxidase (HCO and bd‐type) use ubiquinol‐8 as electron donor. Here, we assess the inhibitory potential of newly designed and synthesized 3‐alkylated Lawson derivatives through L‐proline‐catalyzed three‐component reductive alkylation (TCRA). The inhibitory effects of these Lawson derivatives on the terminal oxidases of E. coli (cyt bo3 and cyt bd‐I) were tested potentiometrically. Four compounds were able to reduce the oxidoreductase activity of cyt bo3 by more than 50 % without affecting the cyt bd‐I activity. Moreover, two inhibitors for both cyt bo3 and cyt bd‐I oxidase could be identified. Based on molecular‐docking simulations, we propose binding modes of the new Lawson inhibitors. The molecular fragment benzyl enhances the inhibitory potential and selectivity for cyt bo3, whereas heterocycles reduce this effect. This work extends the library of 3‐alkylated Lawson derivatives as selective inhibitors for respiratory oxidases and provides molecular probes for detailed investigations of the mechanisms of respiratory‐chain enzymes of E. coli.
A novel role for mutant mRNA degradation in triggering transcriptional adaptation to mutations
(2020)
Robustness to mutations promotes organisms’ well-being and fitness. The increasing number of mutants in various model organisms, and humans, showing no obvious phenotype (Bouche and Bouchez, 2001; Chen et al., 2016b; Giaever et al., 2002; Kok et al., 2015) has renewed interest into how organisms adapt to gene loss. In the presence of deleterious mutations, genetic compensation by transcriptional upregulation of related gene(s) (also known as transcriptional adaptation) has been reported in numerous systems (El-Brolosy and Stainier, 2017; Rossi et al., 2015; Tondeleir et al., 2012); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this response remained unclear. To investigate this phenomenon, I develop and study multiple models of transcriptional adaptation in zebrafish and mouse cell lines. I first show that transcriptional adaptation is not caused by loss of protein function, indicating that the trigger lies upstream, and find that the response involves enhanced transcription of the related gene(s). Furthermore, I observe a correlation between levels of mutant mRNA degradation and upregulation of related genes. To investigate the role of mutant mRNA degradation in triggering the response, I generate mutant alleles that do not transcribe the mutated gene and find that they fail to induce a transcriptional response and display stronger phenotypes. Transcriptome analysis of alleles displaying mutant mRNA degradation revealed upregulation of a significant proportion of genes displaying sequence similarity with the mutated gene’s mRNA, suggesting a model whereby mRNA degradation intermediates induce transcriptional adaptation via sequence similarity. Further mechanistic analyses suggested RNA-decay factors-dependent chromatin remodeling, and repression of antisense RNAs to be implicated in the response. These results identify a novel role for mutant mRNA degradation in buffering against mutations. Besides, they hold huge implications on understanding disease-causing mutations and shall help in designing mutations that lead to minimal transcriptional adaptation-induced compensation, facilitating studying gene function in model organisms.
Feasibility, design and sensitivity studies on innovative nuclear reactors that could address the issue of nuclear waste transmutation using fuels enriched in minor actinides, require high accuracy cross section data for a variety of neutron-induced reactions from thermal energies to several tens of MeV. The isotope 241Am (T1/2= 433 years) is present in high-level nuclear waste (HLW), representing about 1.8 % of the actinide mass in spent PWR UOx fuel. Its importance increases with cooling time due to additional production from the β-decay of 241Pu with a half-life of 14.3 years. The production rate of 241 Am in conventional reactors, including its further accumulation through the decay of 241Pu and its destruction through transmutation/incineration are very important parameters for the design of any recycling solution. In the present work, the 241 Am(n,f) reaction cross-section was measured using Micromegas detectors at the Experimental Area 2 of the n_TOF facility at CERN. For the measurement, the 235U(n,f) and 238U(n,f) reference reactions were used for the determination of the neutron flux. In the present work an overview of the experimental setup and the adopted data analysis techniques is given along with preliminary results.
Background: The newly introduced German pediatric screening examination at the end of the third year of life (U7a) incorporates visual function testing in particular; there is no ophthalmic screening during childhood in Germany. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between participation in U7a and visual function at the preschool health examination (PHE) in the sixth year of life. Methods: This study evaluated PHE data from school enrollment years 2009/2010 to 2014/2015 of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Visual acuity (VA) at PHE was assessed with Rodenstock visual acuity test device (tumbling E) wearing glasses if present. The relationship between participation in U7a and VA <0.7 at PHE was calculated for reduced monocular and binocular VA using multiple logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Data from 189,704 children (91,041 girls) in 35 out of 36 districts were included. The first children to participate in U7a were enrolled in 2011/2012 school year. In total, 90,339 children (47.6%) had U7a before PHE, while 99,365 (52.4%) had not. VA <0.7 in at least one eye was measured at PHE in 8429 (4.4%) children, and in both eyes in 4345 (2.3%) children. Participation in U7a was not associated with VA <0.7 at PHE (odds ratio 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.94–1.04). Conclusions: The proportion of children with VA <0.7 at PHE was high. No beneficial effect of newly introduced German U7a pediatric screening examination was found for reduced VA at PHE.
Osteonecrosis (ON) is an acquired debilitating skeletal disorder, which is caused by a multitude of traumatic and non-traumatic etiological factors. Vascular damage, mechanical stress and increased intraosseous pressure have been discussed as contributors to ON. The optimal treatment of ON remains to be determined, since the current gold standard, core decompression, is insufficiently effective. Specific properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) provide the rationale for their assessment in advanced stages of ON: Osteoinductive potential has been demonstrated and MSC preparations of suitable quality for use as medicinal products have been developed. Here we review the scant information on the use of allogeneic or autologous MSCs in advanced ON as well as potentially supportive data from pre-clinical studies with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (auto BM-MNCs), which have been studied quite extensively and the presumed therapeutic effect of which was attributed to the rare MSCs contained in these cell products. Outcomes in clinical trials with MSCs and auto-BM-MNCs remain preliminary and non-definitive, at best promising, with respect to their pharmacological effect. Clearly, though, the application of any of these cell therapies was technically feasible and safe in that it was associated with low complication rates. The heterogeneity of cell type and source, study protocols, cell manufacturing, cell properties, cell doses and surgical techniques might contribute to inconsistent results.