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Two tableaux de la nature, two descriptions of the sunrise in the Amazon, from the travel journals of Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1819) and Mário de Andrade (1927), are discussed from the perspective of Goethe's 'Theory of colours' (1810). While Martius' text is obliged to the Naturalist and Romantic tradition, Mário de Andrade, one of the voices of the avant-garde in the 20th century, expresses a "new aesthesia", within a conjunction of aesthetic and anthropological materialism. In this paper I intend to find out the extent to which the Naturalist Martius, the Poet Mário de Andrade and the scientist-and-poet Goethe propose a vision, in which Nature, far from being dominated, is respected as the true Partner of Civilization.