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This thesis explores the backgrounds, motivations and translation practices of the translators of seven English translations of the fairy tale Sneewittchen. It attempts to identify the ‘imprint’ of each of the translators on their translations by highlighting the unique features of each text and formulating explanations for translation practices on the basis of bio-bibliographical research and analysis of translators’ prefaces. It thereby proposes a translator-centred model for research in translation history. It also represents a contribution to the largely unwritten translation history of the Grimms’ tales. The thesis addresses the problems involved in undertaking bio-bibliographical research on translators, the question of the value and reliability of translators’ prefaces, and issues involved in selecting an appropriate research corpus and constructing a corpus-specific translation analysis model. It also provides some insights into the why and how people retranslate texts and contributes to the debate on translation universals. The study demonstrates the complexities involved in seeking to account for translation practices. It nonetheless confirms the hypothesis that translators are ‘active efficient causes’ in the histoiy of translation (Pvm 1998: 160). Individual translators can play an important role in causing translations to be produced and leave a unique ‘imprint’ on their translations The study demonstrates that background information on translators and statements in their prefaces can help to locate this imprint. It also highlights the diversity of the translators’ backgrounds, reasons for translating the text, approach to translation, and attitudes towards the source text, source culture, and target audience. The translators in the study can be compared to storytellers, who shape their text according to time, place, occasion and their own subjectivity. The study shows above all the importance of taking this subjectivity into account, and suggests that the approach adopted here could be used to unite translators, texts, and contexts in translation history.
In view of the tremendous success of Victor Klemperer's diaries testimoning his personal experience as a Jew in Nazi Germany, this article discusses the specific contribution of witness literature to the knowledge of history. During the Holocaust period, in the face of death, true historical knowledge was essentially reduced to personal experience. Klemperer's clandestine journal exposes how the collective trauma affected everybody through the daily speech patterns, dictated by the Nazis' appropriation of the German language. In this memory of Alltagsgeschichte as a critical history of language can be seen the specific contribution of Literature of testimony. The function of Klemperers chronicle of 'Lingua Tertii Imperii' to develop the readers linguistic sensitivity, in order to enable them to reappropriate their language.
In the present context of the triumph of capitalism over real socialism, this article points out that, despite their ideological differences, both systems are bound to the same conception of history-as-progress. In contrast, it recalls Walter Benjamin's philosophy of history, marked by the critique of progress in the name of a revolutionary time, which interrupts history's chronological continuum. Benjamin's perspective is used to study the conflict of temporalities among the Soviet artists in the two decades after the October Revolution: on the one hand, the anarchic, autonomous and critical time of interruption – which is the time of avant-gade –, on the other hand, the synchronization with the ideas of a progressive time as ordered by the Communist Patty; this is the time of vanguard, whose capitalist Counterpart is fashion.
The development of "junk" : irregularization strategies of HAVE and SAY in the Germanic languages
(2001)
Although it is a wellknown fact that the most frequent verbs are the most irregular ones (if not suppletive), it is rarely asked how they became irregular. This article deals with the irregularization process of two originally regular (weak) verbs, HAVE and SAY in the Germanic languages, e.g. have, but has/'s and had/'d (instead of regular *haves/*haved) or say [sei], but says [sez] and said [sed] in English. Other verbs, such as DO, GO, STAND, BE, COME, and so on, also tend to irregularizations again and again without any apparent reason. In contrast to HAVE and SAY these verbs have always been rather irregular, at least dating from their first written records.
When we look for evidence of multilingualism in the Middle Ages, we will eventually find the type of source which consists of the translation of Latin classroom texts into various vernaculars. Since the high Middle Ages traditional standard works of grammar - dominantly Latin - were translated frequently into vernaculars. A prominent example are the 'Disticha Catonis'. This late antique work contains about 100 hexameter couplets, which convey a multitude of fundamental rules of life and conduct. A linguistically rather simple work, it was precisely for that reason all the more effective.
This paper is part of a research project on OT Syntax and the typology of the free relative (FR) construction. It concentrates on the details of an OT analysis and some of its consequences for OT syntax. I will not present a general discussion of the phenomenon and the many controversial issues it is famous for in generative syntax.
The first printed newspapers in the modern sense of the word appeared in the seventeenth century. They were weekly publications which contained regular reports by correspondents from all over Europe, mainlyon political matters. Although the new medium as such was innovative in its general organization, the individual news items were produced by following text patterns which already had a history of their own. The article reports recent research on the emerging constellation of text types in the first two German newspapers, the Aviso and the Relation of the year 1609. lt is focussed on delineating a prototype-based typology of the relevant text types and on tracing back these forms of presentation of news items to earlier genres and media like chronicles, handwritten newsletters, printed pamphlets and biannual news collections. The general interest of this line of research as a contribution to historical pragmatics lies in the attempt to see historical text types in an evolutionary perspective, taking into account the context of text production and, as far as possible, the reactions of the reading public.