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This study addresses new trends in translation studies and translation teaching, focusing on the possible use of database applications by translators. The article responds to the increasing market penetration of translation software designed to make the translation process – especially in professional and technical texts – more effective and efficient. The process includes the use of existing translations as a basis for new translations, consistent handling of terminology, simplification of the writing process, and the use of dictionary-type databases. After offering a basic theoretical discussion of CAT tools, the article focuses on their use by translators, especially in terms of how to teach user skills to translation students. The author draws on his experience of teaching the use of CAT tools (the application TRANSITNXT®) at the Department of German Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Ostrava.
Wartburg castle is associated not only with Luther's German translation of the Bible, but also with the legendary singing contest that is said to have taken place there in the early 13th century. Although today it is impossible to tell whether this was a real event or merely a legend, the contest became a popular basis for literary treatments. The "classic" version of the story was presented in the 19th century by Richard Wagner in his opera "Tannhäuser und der Sängerkrieg auf Wartburg", while the most recent version of the story dates from 2012: Robert Löhr's novel "Krieg der Sänger". Because Löhr's version was almost immediately compared with Wagner's, the aim of this study is to analyze the two works and draw conclusions from such a comparison. Which sources did both authors work with, and how? Were they primarily concerned with a historically accurate depiction of events, entertaining the reader or audience, or communicating some deeper thoughts? In what light are the main hero and his competitors presented? What do Wagner and Löhr have in common, and how do they differ?
During the last two decades of the 20th century writers gradually returned to traditional narrative methods, though their works were creatively enriched by the incorporation of new tendencies. The results of these efforts show traces of literary postmodernism. One of the representatives of German-language postmodern literature is Sten Nadolny, whose oeuvre is typified by its openness to the plurality and diversity of the world. His novel "Ein Gott der Frechheit" revives ancient gods and mythological figures, revealing the mysteries of old legends; this is viewed as a background to the self-destructive disorientation of contemporary society.
The article examines the reception of Hugo von Hofmannsthal's works by two Czechoslovak authors writing in German: Max Brod and Josef Mühlberger. The reception of Hofmannsthal's oeuvre is reflected primarily in Brod's novel "Mira", Brod's correspondence with Hofmannsthal, and Mühlberger's essay "Hugo von Hofmannsthal". The article explores how both authors depict the Viennese poet and what they consider to be Hofmannsthal's main significance and legacy for future generations. The article also compares Brod's and Mühlberger's statements with thematically similar texts by the Austrian author.
The aim of this article is to explore semantic relations within somatic phraseology using concepts from cognitive linguistics and prototype theory. The typicality or atypicality of representatives of the category of somatic phraseologisms is determined on the basis of 12 features of idiom irregularity according to Dobrovoľskij. The analysis results in a table of "good" and "bad" representatives of the category. Individual parameters are evaluated, but the value of individual criteria is also considered. This method makes it possible to determine the status of individual somatic phraseologisms with regard to each other, as well as the entire group of somatisms against other phraseologisms. The results enable conclusions to be drawn regarding the degree of motivatedness of somatisms.
What do corpora reveal about ongoing grammaticalization and transitions between word class categories? Everything, something, or nothing? Using the example of the lexemes nicneříkající, nichtssagend, všeříkající and vielsagend the authors examine the syntactic distribution and semantics of participial adjectives. To what extent do the Czech and German equivalents differ? What (if any) effect does the orthography have (i.e. whether the expressions are written as compounds or as chains of separate words)? Is a new form accompanied by a new function? The text presents an analysis of monolingual corpora (SYN, DeReKo) and a parallel corpus (InterCorp).
Not only business correspondence, but the language of foreign trade as a whole is rich in various types of phraseological phenomena. The article deals with the most common nominal, verbal and adverbial structures, phrases and sentences specific to business correspondence and collocations in the field of professional communication. When studying a certain type of professional language, knowing how terms, specific phrases and whole sentences may be linked is of paramount importance.
Analyse ausgewählter (sprachwissenschaftlicher) Nachschlagewerke und ihrer Benutzerfreundlichkeit
(2013)
This metalexicographic study compares four selected (linguistic) dictionaries. The results will potentially assist teachers in choosing a dictionary for students of German in the early phase of their studies. Selected lemmas are analyzed in a case study from the perspective of linguistic, academic and additional information; these lemmas are taken from the categories of phonetics and phonology, as these disciplines are generally covered first in a German degree programme. The selected dictionaries are also compared in terms of the range of phonetic and phonological concepts covered.
In der Zeitschrift Studia Germanistica werden Forschungsergebnisse zu aktuellen Themen auf dem Gebiet der germanistischen Linguistik, Literaturwissenschaft und DaF-Didaktik publiziert, die den Stand der Forschung in Tschechien sowie im Ausland dokumentieren. Bestandteile der Zeitschrift sind kulturwissenschaftliche Studien und Rezensionen.
Am 19. Februar dieses Jahres feierte unser verehrter Kollege und Freund, Prof. em. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Norbert Richard Wolf, ein großer Anhänger der Auslandsgermanistik, ein wirksamer und unermüdlicher spiritus movens in zahlreichen, die Grenzen der Tschechischen Republik überschreitenden wissenschaftlichen Projekten, seinen 70. Geburtstag.
Für mehrere Generationen von Germanisten ist der Name Zdeněk Masařík ein Begriff. Manche ehren ihn als einen anspruchsvollen, strengen, aber gerechten Lehrer, manche würdigen ihn als einen tüchtigen Wissenschaftler und großen tschechischen Sprachgermanisten und manche schätzen ihn als einen verlässlichen Kollegen, ausgezeichneten Sänger und guten Menschen. Beim zusammentreffen mit diesem energischen Mann will man nicht glauben, dass er in diesem Jahr seinen 85. Geburtstag feierte, denn man hat den Eindruck, seine Seele bleibt immer jung.
Zur Problematik der Konnektoren im Satz und im Text aus der Perspektive der Textverständlichkeit
(2013)
Linguistic analyses have shown that connectors perform various functions: besides connecting separate clauses, clauses within clause complexes, and other parts of a text, they can also play a major role in text comprehensibility. However, further examination of this issue requires a more precise delineation of the term "connector", which is understood in various ways. The article presents these various conceptions in tabular form and carries out a comparison. The author then moves on to examine how connectors can affect (or increase) the comprehensibility of a text. Here too it is difficult to reach clear conclusions, as various authors approach the issue from various perspectives. In order to present the full variety of connectors, the various approaches to connectors and their optimizing function are formulated as arguments in favour and against, which are summarized, compared and evaluated.
The article analyzes two early works by Hugo von Hofmannsthal: Das kleine Welttheater and Das Märchen der 672. Nacht. The author focuses on artistically perceptive characters: the poet and artist (in Das kleine Welttheater) and the "dilettante" (in Das Märchen der 672. Nacht). Using examples of the analyzed characters, the article attempts to define the features that are typical of the artist and the dilettante, explains the concepts of "pre-existence" and "existence" and gives an account of their importance in Hofmannsthal's work. The author characterizes the artistically perceptive characters on the basis of these concepts.
The research focuses on the narrative verbalization of mental reactions to the official announcement of 9 November 1989 stating that citizens of the GDR were henceforth permitted to travel to the West. This announcement differs from the type of unexpected information which is readily believable and comprehensible, to which we respond with interjections (change-of-state tokens: oh, ach, ach so) and certain formulations (das glaub ich, ich verstehe). Respondents from both East and West Berlin represented in the "Wende-Korpus" reacted from the cognitive perspective with mistrust and incomprehension, and from the emotional perspective with surprise, which was reflected both in syntactic structure and in the frequent use of metaphors. The report was more frequently interpreted as a joke than as a real event.