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Através da ideia de quimera, esse ensaio tentará compreender a constituição aberta do personagem Odradek, da narrativa curta "A preocupação do pai de família" de Franz Kafka. O interestante nessa construção literária seria o deslocamento (inclusive das possibilidades de expressão de gênero nas línguas) que Odradek impõe ao esforço constante do narrador (representante de grupos sociais específicos) em categorizá-lo e, por consequência, do leitor, que tentaria encerrá-lo num tipo fechado de interpretação. Odradek parece um tipo de ser incapturável pelas principais categorias, sejam elas literárias, biológicas ou sociais, que ajudaram a fundar a ideia de Modernidade.
A fortuna crítica sobre Franz Kafka é pródiga em relacionar o modo de o escritor construir sua narrativa e algo dos próprios temas com a produção kleistiana. Como uma forma de refletir sobre isso, atentarei para dois críticos que expuseram aspectos desta relação em solo brasileiro: Otto Maria Carpeaux e Luiz Costa Lima. Distados várias décadas, os dois parecem, contudo, possuir certas linhas de confluência na abordagem kleistiana da obra de Franz Kafka. Após expor aspectos da relação Kleist-Kafka nos recortes da crítica brasileira, buscarei referências a Kleist em textos não literários de Kafka com a finalidade de encontrar neles um fundamento para o que é afirmado pelos críticos tratados neste ensaio.
The reception of Franz Kafka’s work is normally seen from the perspective of human condition, the labyrinth, the bureaucracy that imposes itself over the individual and so on. There is no doubt about the importance of this perspective for the study of Kafka’s work. Nevertheless, the objective of the present paper is to point out another aspect in Kafka’s work, which is the relation to the visual medium Kaiserpanorama in his fictional writings. The starting points of this discussion are the books “Kafka goes to the movies” by Hanns Zischler published in 1996 and “Kafka und der Film: über kinematographisches Erzählen” by Peter-André Alt published in 2009. Thus, based on these publications this study intends to analyse the importance, that this optical medium may have had over Franz Kafka and in which ways it is possible to identify this new perception in his literary work, specially in the tale “An imperial message”. The main topic is constructed around the profundity of the 3D-image as seen through a Kaiserpanorama, and its statical plasticity.
This essay aims at making a survey of Kafka’s reception in Brazil. After justifying the importance of this study, I show how intermittently Kafka’s work was translated into Brazilian Portuguese in the very beginning of his reception, that is to say, 1956. The first text published in Brazil was "Die Verwandlung", which was written in German in 1915. However this text was not translated from the German, but from the English. Other texts were translated from the French. Translations from the German only appeared in 1983, among them the one with the 'short stories' "Kleine Fabel", "Der Geier", "Gibs auf!" and "Vor dem Gesetz". It is interesting to notice that essays and other articles in newspapers on Kafka and his work preceded the translations. For example, the first essay on the author was written by Otto Maria Carpeaux in August 1941 in the newspaper "Correio da Manhã". Nowadays Kafka’s work is object of considerable research in Brazil.