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Insects, the new food?
(2017)
In many parts of the world it is common to eat insects while in the western world it is regarded as a bizarre habit, even evoking disgust. Is this justified? What if insects were nutritionally similar to our common meat products and have proven to be delicious in blind tests? Insects have an environmental impact which is much less than our common production animals, so why not eat it? If these questions can be answered affirmatively, then the question is: Can we persuade the western consumers to take this psychological barrier? There has been a tremendous interest during the last five years to promote insects as food. There are now close to 200 start-up companies listed. Also, in the scientific world the interest is growing exponentially, testified by the number of articles on edible insects that have appeared during the last 15 years (83 from 2011 to 2015 against 9 from 2001 to 20051). These articles deal with harvesting from nature, environmental benefits, nutritional value, food safety, processing, and consumer attitudes. I will give a short overview of the developments in these different areas.
The adaptation of disaster: representations of environmental crises in climate change fiction
(2019)
In light of climate change, the attempt to overcome the gap between the 'Two Cultures' appears more urgent than ever. With climate change being only one of the environmental crises marking the so-called Anthropocene, knowledge production and representations are constantly challenged. The very reason that led to the idea of proclaiming a new geological epoch can be taken as evidence for the collapse of the Cartesian dichotomy between nature and culture. The Anthropocene marks an epoch in Earth's history in which the human species has become a geological force. That is, the effects of industrialized civilization are now forming geological strata that irreversibly change the face of the planet and its future. However, if nature and culture cannot be meaningfully distinguished anymore, how, one might ask, is a divide within academia still of concern? Would it not naturally perish with the insight that what has been regarded as nature has now been thoroughly pervaded by remnants of human actions? To the contrary, the persistence of the gap between the sciences and the humanities is one of the main reasons that complicates the representation and, ultimately, hinders the understanding of the problems which characterize the new epoch. Inability or unwillingness to change behavior on a collective level will most probably lead to environmental, political and social disaster on an unprecedented scale.
Bekanntermaßen hat der Begriff des Hybriden in den Kulturwissenschaften in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten eine beeindruckende Konjunktur erlebt. In Reaktion auf die virulenten Anforderungen der voranschreitenden Pluralisierung von Lebenswelten erschien die Öffnung und Verflüssigung vormals statischer Konzepte als geeignetes Mittel, unangemessenen, simplifizierenden Kategorisierungen entgegenzuwirken. Zwanzig Jahre nach dem Aufkommen des Bhabha'schen Hybriditätsverständnisses läuft der Begriff jedoch Gefahr, selbst zu einer mondial einsetzbaren Universalkategorie zu werden und birgt somit Risiken, die insbesondere in den postcolonial studies weiterhin zu diskutieren sein werden. Obwohl somit im folgenden Beitrag das kritische Bewusstsein ob generalisierender kulturtheoretischer Konzeptualisierungen mitschwingt, wird anhand des Verantwortlichkeitsdiskurses im Anthropozän eine Modellierung des Hybriden analysiert und als (unmittelbar kontextbedingtes) probates 'Behelfs- mittel' ausgewiesen. Das Gegenwirken der bipolaren Narrative und deren Einwirkungen auf ontologische Ebenen des menschlichen Subjektes im Anthropozän erfordert tragfähige Analyseinstrumente; die Denkfigur der Chimäre wird hierbei als ein Versuch fungieren, variable Vernetzungen von Subjekt(en) und 'Natur(en)', nivellierter als dies Hybriditätskonzepte leisten, zu analysieren. Der folgende Ansatz soll es erlauben, Plausibilitäten von Dichotomien infrage zu stellen und das menschliche Subjekt als 'Mischwesen' aus kantischer Vernunft und somatischer Determinante zu diskutieren.
Human-induced environmental change represents one of the major challenges of current and future generations. To evaluate the anthropogenic impacts on the biosphere, the concept of Planetary Boundaries was developed, indicating that in case of four out of nine environmental indicators a transgression of corresponding boundaries has already taken place: Biodiversity loss, climate change, land-system change, and biogeochemical flows. Further, paleoclimate research has shown that the earth´s environment has been relatively stable for the last 12,000 years. Researchers assume that this, in geological terms, very short period – called Holocene – is now already again replaced by a new geological era: the Anthropocene, due to the tremendous impacts humans had on earth.