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The "World Geography" ("Wanguo dili quanji" 萬國地理全集) published in 1844 by the Protestant missionary Karl F.A. Gützlaff was the first geographical account to introduce some European ethnotypes to China. Based on recent archival findings, my article compares this book with both its presumed Western source and its rendering in the 1847 edition of Wei Yuan 魏源's "Maps and Documents of the Maritime Countries" ("Haiguo tuzhi" 海國圖志). It thus explores the role that interlingual and intralingual transfers respectively played first in negotiating and then renegotiating two European stereotypes in their early travels to and within the Qing empire.
In this paper, I will address the issue of translation as a critique of autochthony that emerges in the context of Fritz Mauthner's linguistic scepticism. Translation, for Mauthner, becomes a privileged prism through which to consider identity and belonging, as well as a way of understanding uprootedness, since language is a continuous product of borrowing, bastardization, stratification, and contingency. According to Mauthner, languages are not possession, but borrowing; not purity, but contagion; not an abstract crystallization, but transit. Therefore, love of the mother tongue - the only way to conceive patriotism - is not a physical connection with the land, roots, or nation, but a refuge, an always precarious 'Heimat' (home).
Liest man einen Text Hélène Cixous' auf Deutsch, stammt die Übersetzung mit an Sicherheit grenzender Wahrscheinlichkeit aus der Feder von Claudia Simma oder Esther von der Osten. Von einigen wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen, sind sie die beiden einzigen Übersetzerinnen von Cixous' Werk ins Deutsche. Am 07. Oktober 2021 fand unter dem Titel "Schreiben, das heißt übersetzen" ein Gespräch zwischen ihnen statt, in dem sie anhand ausgewählter Beispiele Übersetzungsentscheidungen reflektierten und Einblick in ihre Arbeit mit, am und im Cixous'schen Sprachkosmos gaben. Diesem öffentlichen Teil des Zusammentreffens gingen Korrespondenzen, Gespräche und gegenseitige Lektüren voraus, im Zuge derer sich jene Leitmotive formierten, die später den Verlauf des Podiumsgesprächs strukturieren sollten: Cixous' Bezug zum Deutschen, der Sprache ihrer Mutter und Großmutter, die sich von frühester Kindheit an ihrem Gehör einprägt; die Cixous' Person und Werk eigene Transgressivität, die zu übersetzerischer Freiheit auffordert und nach dieser verlangt; die Schwierigkeit, die Polysemie einer Autorin zu übertragen, die erst in den letzten Jahrzehnten auch im deutschsprachigen Raum vermehrt rezipiert wird. 'Tours' und 'vers', zwei Wörter, die stellvertretend für zahleiche weitere stehen, deren Vieldeutigkeit und wechselnde Rollen im Textgefüge nicht auf einen Begriff zu bringen sind, dienten als Ausgangspunkte in die schwindelerregenden Höhen und die mitunter unheimlichen Tiefen der beiden so sprechenden Sprachen Deutsch und Französisch.
Johann Nepomuk Nestroy (1801-1862) foi um dos dramaturgos mais importantes da história do teatro da Áustria. Ator e autor aclamado durante seu tempo, é também nome de referência e enorme influência para muitos escritores austríacos canônicos do século XX e do começo do XXI, que até hoje se definem como devedores de sua poética dramatúrgica (por exemplo, Karl Kraus ou Elfriede Jelinek). Este artigo, além de destacar o papel do dramaturgo com "ancestral" para uma parte da literatura austríaca, lança um olhar sobre a única tradução de uma peça de Nestroy disponível no Brasil ("Cacique Vento-da-Tarde ou O festim do horror", publicada em 1990), com o intuito de colocar em questão a visão recorrente da obra de Nestroy como "intraduzível".
Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir as noções de apropriação pela via da tradução a partir da análise de oito excertos da Preparação à primeira parte da obra "Die Kunst das Clavier zu spielen" de Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg. A Preparação desta obra compõe-se de 23 parágrafos, dos quais oito refletem ideias apresentadas numa obra anterior, a saber, "L'Art de toucher le clavecin" (1716), de François Couperin. Para este trabalho será considerado o reflexo dessas ideias pela via da tradução. Os trechos traduzidos aparecem ora aumentados, ora reduzidos, ou então são suprimidos. Esta dinâmica de tradução é afirmada por Marpurg no prefácio de duas edições anteriores a 1762: as edições de 1750 e 1751. Investigamos, nas discussões sobre apropriação, o que teria levado Marpurg a abandonar a reverência a Couperin nos prefácios de edições posteriores, o que contribuiu para que essa apropriação - ocorrida também, mas não apenas por meio da tradução - pudesse ser relacionada, a princípio, à autoria. Nesse sentido, apoiados em obras científicas sobre tradução e apropriação, discutimos a noção de tradução, apropriação e autoria, traçando um diálogo com duas áreas dos Estudos da Tradução: análise comparativa e tradução comentada.
Die Übersetzung der Kashinawa-Mythen in Theodor Koch-Grünbergs "Indianermärchen aus Südamerika"
(2019)
Neben seinen ethnologischen und linguistischen Studien zu indigenen Kulturen der Amazonasregion beschäftigte sich der deutsche Brasilienforscher Theodor Koch-Grünberg auch mit indigenen Mythen und hatte klare Vorstellungen davon, wie diese mündlich überlieferten Erzählungen dokumentiert und übersetzt werden sollten. Modellcharakter hatte für ihn die interlineare Übersetzung des brasilianischen Historikers João Capistrano de Abreu von Texten aus dem Kashinawa, einer Panosprache, die noch heute im brasilianisch-peruanischen Grenzgebiet von Mitgliedern der ethnischen Gruppe gesprochen wird. Capistranos Textsammlung "Rã-txa hu-ni ku-ĩ" wurde 1914 in Brasilien veröffentlicht. Bereits 1920 erfolgte die Publikation der "Indianermärchen aus Südamerika" durch Koch-Grünberg, wobei von den 117 ins Deutsche übertragenen Geschichten 13 aus Capistranos Werk stammten. In diesem Beitrag soll anhand ausgewählter Textbeispiele die Übersetzung Koch-Grünbergs aus dem Kashinawa ins Deutsche diskutiert werden. Grundlage war dabei die transkribierte Textsammlung in Originalsprache mit einer Wort-für-Wort-Übersetzung ins Portugiesische sowie einem angehängten Glossar und einem Grammatiksketch. In Koch-Grünbergs eigenen Aufzeichnungen wird zusätzlich deutlich, dass es sich um einen multiplen Übersetzungsprozess handelt: von einem mündlich präsentierten narrativen Diskurs mit performativen Elementen in Schriftsprache, von einer indigenen Sprache Südamerikas in eine typologisch weit entfernte europäische und von einer vollkommen unbekannten Kultur in eine für den brasilianischen wie den deutschen Leser nachvollziehbare.
What if one thinks not in terms of shared meanings or contents, but rather in terms of iterable gestures available for reenactment in different times and places in order to conceive of a cross-cultural world of literature? This essay sets out to explore, within the discursive mode of the lyric, whether the notion of gesture could be more helpful than meaning-based translation to account for the transferability of literary texts and for envisioning a form of community based on the shareability of certain gestures. To do so, it will look at how the act-event of reading described by Derek Attridge is processed in two cases in which poems are transferred from an earlier authoritative tradition into a new one.
What are called 'natural languages' are artificial, often politically instituted and regulated, phenomena; a more accurate picture of speech practices around the globe is of a multidimensional continuum. This essay asks what the implications of this understanding of language are for translation, and focuses on the variety of Afrikaans known as Kaaps, which has traditionally been treated as a dialect rather than a language in its own right. An analysis of a poem in Kaaps by Nathan Trantraal reveals the challenges such a use of language constitutes for translation. A revised understanding of translation is proposed, relying less on the notion of transfer of meaning from one language to another and more on an active engagement with the experience of the reader.
The aim of this study is to trace back the translator of "Reinhold Lubenau Seyahatnamesi [Osmanlı Ülkesinde, 1587-1589]" and focus on her translation approach through paratexts. The traveller portrays the Muslim 'other' whom he met in the Ottoman Empire where he spent his time between the years 1587-1589, when the Ottoman Empire had the power and Islam was being perceived as a threat to them versus his own culture which he belonged to as a Prussian Protestant. The translation of this itinerary is available to Turkish readers after approximately 400 years in 2012. What makes this translation interesting is the translation of a source text, in which the target culture was being portrayed from the perspective of the 'other', into a target language. How was this 'foreign' perspective constructed by the traveler translated and reflected in the paratext? What was the approach of the translator against the challenges he encountered during the translation process? Answers to these questions among many others were being searched through an examination of paratexts. In addition, it was also discussed whether the author moved to the reader or the reader moved to the author. Paratexts encourage reading and direct the reception (Genette 2016). In this study, book covers, names, titles, genre, graphics illustration and footnotes were examined. Translator footnotes, which were provided by the translator in order to make the text clear, were classified in order to underline the functions of these footnotes. Translator footnotes are the tools, which make translators visible and help them to raise their voices in the texts. In peritexts, translator can provide extra information to the readers, explain and justify his/her translation decisions.