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Von der Poetik und Rhetorik des Fremden zur Kulturgeschichte und Kulturtheorie des Übersetzens
(2004)
Welche eigene Schwerkraft besitzt die Allgemeine Literaturwissenschaft oder könnte sie besitzen? Aufgrund welcher Schwerkräfte der Literatur, und in welchen Gravitationsfeldern bewegt sie sich derzeit - in welchen sie sich bisher bewegt hat, ist in dieser Reihe von Carsten Zelle, Ursula Link und Jörg Schönert ja bereits ausführlich entwickelt worden. In diesem Feld versuche ich im Folgenden, weitere Eintragungen vorzunehmen. Ich möchte dabei einen Dreischritt vorschlagen: I. Was passiert oder ist mit dem Gegenstand der AL passiert, der Literatur? II. Welche Konsequenzen hat/hatte das für ihre Methoden? III. Was wären mögliche Perspektiven?
In trying to study the idea of landscape (fukei) in Japanese waka-poetry, one may find oneself confronted with a great variety of concepts. All of these share commonalities in that they are not at all defined, that their meaning depends on personal usage (at the level of the producer, as well as of the researcher who often speaks the same language), and that they can be understood on a wide spectrum between the two extreme positions marked by fiction and reality (without, of course, any scientific concept about what fiction and reality might be). Although European traditions are coping with the concept of landscape in an aesthetical and philosophical way, there is no such comparable tradition in traditional Japanese literary history (kokubungaku). Because of this, there is no satisfactory way to conceptually understand waka-landscape, since the very basic key-term itself is not mutually accessible. European and Japanese concepts of landscape may not, therefore, be able to be brought together. To have an international scientific discussion on landscape (found in every culture historically and up to the present), it is necessary to develop a concept of landscape which is not only an issue of arts, aesthetics or philosophy, but also the subject of anthropological approaches and cultural studies. In this paper, I attempt to develop a concept of landscape, which is based on constructivism and the psychology of perception and memory. I will also show how constructivist thought has gained great popularity in German social and cultural studies.