Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (330)
- Preprint (31)
- Doctoral Thesis (19)
- Part of a Book (2)
- Conference Proceeding (2)
Language
- English (384) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (384)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (384)
Keywords
- Invasive species (10)
- Biodiversity (9)
- Biogeography (9)
- taxonomy (8)
- Thailand (5)
- phylogeny (5)
- Community ecology (4)
- Ecological modelling (4)
- Ecology (4)
- Giraffa (4)
- Phylogeny (4)
- forensic entomology (4)
- systematics (4)
- Antarctica (3)
- Anura (3)
- Ascomycota (3)
- Asian bush mosquito (3)
- Birds (3)
- Conservation biology (3)
- Crustacea (3)
- DNA barcoding (3)
- Ecological speciation (3)
- Evolution (3)
- Fungi (3)
- Hybridization (3)
- Marine biology (3)
- Mollusca (3)
- Oxidative stress (3)
- Positive selection (3)
- Southern Ocean (3)
- Species distribution modelling (3)
- West Africa (3)
- adaptation (3)
- biodiversity (3)
- biogeography (3)
- climate change (3)
- conservation (3)
- evolution (3)
- fungi (3)
- genomics (3)
- global change (3)
- host specificity (3)
- hybridization (3)
- new species (3)
- new taxa (3)
- phylogenomics (3)
- speciation (3)
- Adaptation (2)
- Animal personality (2)
- Apomixis (2)
- Asian tiger mosquito (2)
- Basidiomycetes (2)
- Basidiomycota (2)
- COI (2)
- COII (2)
- Canis lupus (2)
- Central America (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Comparative genomics (2)
- East Africa (2)
- Ecological networks (2)
- Ecosystem services (2)
- Endocrine disruption (2)
- Environmental sciences (2)
- Europe (2)
- Evolutionary ecology (2)
- Freshwater ecology (2)
- Gene flow (2)
- Genetics (2)
- German people (2)
- Human well-being (2)
- Introgression (2)
- Invertebrates (2)
- Life-history evolution (2)
- Local adaptation (2)
- Malpighiales (2)
- Mammals (2)
- NTFPs (2)
- Phylogenetics (2)
- Poecilia (2)
- Polymers (2)
- Population genomics (2)
- Potamopyrgus antipodarum (2)
- Reptilia (2)
- Sequence alignment (2)
- Speciation (2)
- Squamata (2)
- Symbiosis (2)
- Taxonomy (2)
- Transcriptome (2)
- Trichoptera (2)
- Ursidae (2)
- WAF (2)
- Westafrika (2)
- bioacoustics (2)
- biospeleology (2)
- climate (2)
- community assembly (2)
- comparative genomics (2)
- dispersal (2)
- flow cytometry (2)
- gene flow (2)
- genetic diversity (2)
- giraffe (2)
- land use (2)
- low-dose effects (2)
- maladaptation (2)
- molecular identification (2)
- molecular phylogenetics (2)
- mtDNA (2)
- phylogenetic network (2)
- phylogenetic signal (2)
- phylogeography (2)
- population genetics (2)
- population structure (2)
- predator recognition (2)
- retrotransposition (2)
- runs of homozygosity (2)
- smut fungi (2)
- species distribution model (2)
- species richness (2)
- temperature (2)
- whole-genome sequencing (2)
- 10 new taxa (1)
- 16S barcodes (1)
- 16S mtDNA (1)
- 17a-ethinylestradiol (1)
- 2030 Agenda (1)
- AChE inhibition (1)
- AFLP (1)
- ANOSIM (1)
- Abundance (1)
- Acacia (1)
- Aculifera (1)
- Acute toxicity (1)
- Adaptive sequence evolution (1)
- Advanced treatment technologies (1)
- Aedes aegypti (1)
- Aedes albopictus (1)
- Aerosol (1)
- Afrique de l'Ouest (1)
- Afrique de l’Ouest (1)
- Afrotheria (1)
- Agaricales (1)
- Agaricomycotina (1)
- Agroecology (1)
- Agyriales (1)
- Aichi targets (1)
- Akaike information criterion (1)
- Alburnoides bipunctatus (1)
- Allopatric diversification (1)
- Altitudinal (1)
- Ameisen (1)
- Ameisenpflanzen (1)
- American crocodile (1)
- América Central (1)
- Anamorphic fungi (1)
- Androgen (1)
- Angolan giraffe (1)
- Anguillicoloides crassus (1)
- Animal behavior (1)
- Animal flight (1)
- Animal navigation (1)
- Animal phylogenetics (1)
- Animal replacement (1)
- Animal wings (1)
- Anisakid nematodes (1)
- Anisakidae (1)
- Antarctic parasites (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Aquatic invasion (1)
- Aquatic invertebrates (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Araneae (1)
- Araneomorphae (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic adaptation (1)
- Arctic fox (1)
- Artenrückgang (1)
- Assortative mating (1)
- Astaxanthin Synthase (1)
- Atakora mountain chain (1)
- Atelopus carbonerensis (1)
- Atelopus mucubajiensis (1)
- Atelopus tamaense (1)
- Australian marsupials (1)
- Autecology (1)
- Avian Clock gene (1)
- Axonal tracing (1)
- BMR (1)
- Baltic Sea (1)
- Baseline toxicity (1)
- Bathydraconinae (1)
- Batrachochytrium dentrobatidis (Bd) (1)
- Bayesian information criterion (1)
- Behavioral reaction norms (1)
- Behavioral specialization (1)
- Behavioral syndromes (1)
- Behavioral type (1)
- Benthos (1)
- Beta-diversity (1)
- Binoculars (1)
- BioFrankfurt (1)
- Biodiversity loss (1)
- Biodiversity tools and pipelines (1)
- Biodiversität (1)
- Biogeographical representativeness (1)
- Biogeographie (1)
- Biogeography of disease (1)
- Biologging (1)
- Biological invasion (1)
- Biomonitoring (1)
- Biotest (1)
- Bird flight (1)
- Bird physiology (1)
- Bisphenol A (1)
- Blech- und Metallwarenindustrie (1)
- Blow fly (1)
- Boidae (1)
- Botany (1)
- Botswana (1)
- Bottled water (1)
- Brassicales (1)
- Bromeliads (1)
- Bufonidae (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- C-value (1)
- C. grani (1)
- C. radiatus (1)
- C. wailesii (1)
- CAI-1 (1)
- CCD Camera (1)
- CSO (1)
- Caddisfly (1)
- Camera trapping (1)
- Canary Current (1)
- Canis lupus familiaris (1)
- Carbohydrate active enzymes (1)
- Carychium (1)
- Catalogs (1)
- Cave animal, ecotone (1)
- Cave fish (1)
- Cave-dwelling species (1)
- Centric diatom (1)
- Cephalic sensory organs (1)
- Cerebral nerves (1)
- Chaenodraco wilsoni (1)
- Champsocephalus gunnari (1)
- Channichthyidae (1)
- Chemical communication (1)
- Chemical contamination (1)
- Chemicals of emerging concern (1)
- Chicken (1)
- Chicken embryo (1)
- China (1)
- Chiquitano Dry Forest (1)
- Chironomidae (1)
- Chironomus piger (1)
- Chironomus riparius (1)
- Chiton (1)
- Chiwondo Beds (1)
- Chocó rainforest (1)
- Chorion (1)
- Chromosome number (1)
- Chrysomya chani (1)
- Chrysomya megacephala (1)
- Cladocera (1)
- Claims on land (1)
- Climate-change ecology (1)
- Climatic habitat suitability (1)
- Coccoidea (1)
- Codon models (1)
- Coevolution (1)
- Commercial pesticide preparations (1)
- Common ragweed (1)
- Communication center (1)
- Comparative Genomics (1)
- Conservation biogeography (1)
- Contact microradiography (1)
- Contracaecum (1)
- Core effectors (1)
- Core marking (1)
- Coscinodiscus concinnus (1)
- Cretaceous warming (1)
- Croatia (1)
- Crocodylus acutus (1)
- Crude oil (1)
- Cryptic diversity (1)
- Cryptic species (1)
- Cultivation (1)
- Cybertaxonomy (1)
- DNA-based taxonomy (1)
- Daily flight activity (1)
- Daphnia (1)
- Data management (1)
- Data sharing (1)
- Data standard (1)
- Data standards (1)
- Databases (1)
- Datenarchivierung (1)
- De novo assembly (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Demersal fish (1)
- Dentin (1)
- Dentition (1)
- Depth (1)
- Deutschland / Abwasserverordnung (1)
- Development (1)
- Developmental biology (1)
- Diferential delay equation (1)
- Diptera (1)
- Direkteinleiter (1)
- Discovery (1)
- Dispersal (1)
- Dispersant (1)
- Dissemination (1)
- Distribution (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Domatien (1)
- Domestic animals (1)
- Dothideomycetes (1)
- Downy mildew (1)
- Drought (1)
- Duganella (1)
- Dysgonomonas (1)
- EBV (1)
- Earthworms (1)
- Eastern boundary upwelling ecosystem (1)
- East–west divide (1)
- Ecological niche modeling (1)
- Economic botany (1)
- Ecosystem ecology (1)
- Ecosystem effects (1)
- Ecosystem integrity (1)
- Ecosystems (1)
- Ecotoxicological status class (1)
- Ectatosticta (1)
- Ectoparasites (1)
- Ecuador (1)
- Effector Genes (1)
- Einkommen (1)
- Eisen- (1)
- Elephants (1)
- Eltonian noise hypothesis (1)
- Emerging contaminants (ECs) (1)
- Endocrine disrupting chemical (1)
- Endogenous heat load (1)
- Energy (1)
- Energy reserves (1)
- England (1)
- Entyloma microsporum complex (1)
- Entyloma ranunculi-repentis complex (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Environmental microbiology (1)
- Environmental risk assessment (1)
- Environmental variables (1)
- Eocene; pit organs (1)
- Ephemeroptera (1)
- Ephippia (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Essential biodiversity variables (1)
- Estrogen receptor (1)
- Ethnobotany (1)
- Eutheria (1)
- Evaluation matrix (1)
- Evolutionary Biology (1)
- Evolutionary ecotoxicology (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Expression analysis (1)
- Extremophile teleosts (1)
- Fate (1)
- Fatty acid metabolism (1)
- Feeding behavior (1)
- Feeding types (1)
- Fish (1)
- Fisheries (1)
- Flora (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flowering phenology (1)
- Flowers (1)
- Food packaging (1)
- Food processing (1)
- Food-web (1)
- Forensic entomology (1)
- Forensic science (1)
- Forensics (1)
- Forest ecology (1)
- Forest resources (1)
- Fraßschaden (1)
- Freshwater (1)
- Fruit body (1)
- Fungal evolution (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium graminearum (1)
- GC content (1)
- GMYC (1)
- GPS collar (1)
- Gambusia (1)
- Gambusia affinis (1)
- Gambusia holbrooki (1)
- Gammarus fossarum (1)
- Gammarus roeselii (1)
- Ganoderic acids (1)
- Ganoderma lingzhi (1)
- Ganoderma lucidum (1)
- Ganodermataceae (1)
- Gastropoda (1)
- Gekkonidae (1)
- Generation time (1)
- Genetic variation (1)
- Genetic wildlife monitoring (1)
- Genome Assembly (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Gerlachea australis (1)
- Germany (1)
- Global (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Globaler Wandel (1)
- Glomosporiaceae (1)
- Gonad (1)
- Gonads (1)
- Gradient (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Growth rate (1)
- Gymnodraco acuticeps (1)
- Hair sampling (1)
- Hantavirus (1)
- Hatching experiments (1)
- Helicellinae (1)
- Hengduan Mountains (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- Himalaya (1)
- Hispaniola (1)
- Homing behavior (1)
- Hominins (1)
- Homo (1)
- Homo erectus (1)
- Homology (1)
- Host Jump (1)
- Host specificity (1)
- Humid Chaco (1)
- Hybridisation (1)
- Hydrogen sulfide (1)
- Hydromorphology (1)
- Hydrophyten (1)
- Hyperparasitism (1)
- Hypochilidae (1)
- Hyraxes (1)
- ICN (1)
- Identification (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Imidacloprid (1)
- Immune function (1)
- In vitro (1)
- In vitro assays (1)
- In vitro bioassay (1)
- Indirekteinleiter (1)
- Industrieabwasser (1)
- Integrative taxonomy (1)
- Intermediate host (1)
- Interspecific competition (1)
- Intraspecific divergence (1)
- Iridaceae (1)
- Iridoideae (1)
- JIP-test (1)
- Janthinobacterium (1)
- Kosmopoliten (1)
- LINE-1 (1)
- LTER (1)
- LVSPE (1)
- Laboratory (1)
- Lake Constance (1)
- Land invasion (1)
- Latrunculia (1)
- Leaf clearing (1)
- Lepidoptera (1)
- Lesser Antilles (1)
- Life cycle strategy (1)
- Ling-zhi (1)
- Lingzhi (1)
- Localized defecation (1)
- Long-term ecological monitoring (1)
- Long‐term ecosystem research (1)
- Low-copy nuclear gene (1)
- Lure sticks (1)
- Macrophysiology (1)
- Macropus (1)
- Malawi (1)
- Malawi Rift (1)
- Mammalian genomics (1)
- Marine biodiversity (1)
- Marine ecology (1)
- Marine ecosystems (1)
- Marine food webs (1)
- Marisa cornuarietis (1)
- Masculinization (1)
- Mate choice (1)
- Maxent (1)
- McDonald-Kreitman test (1)
- Mediation (1)
- Medicinal plants (1)
- Mediterranean (1)
- Messel Formation (1)
- Metabolic critical temperatures (1)
- Meteorology (1)
- Mexico (1)
- Micro CT (1)
- Microalgae (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbiota (1)
- Microplastic-biota interaction (1)
- Micropollutants (1)
- Microsatellites (1)
- Microthlaspi erraticum (1)
- Microtox (1)
- Middle Eastern biodiversity (1)
- MinION (1)
- Mitogenomics (1)
- Mittelmeerraum (1)
- Mixture risk assessment (1)
- Model complexity (1)
- Model of evolution (1)
- Molars (1)
- Molecular clock (1)
- Monographie (1)
- Moraea Mill. (1)
- Morphological traits (1)
- Morphometrics (1)
- Morphometry (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Mosquitofish (1)
- Multigeneration life-cycle test (1)
- Multiple stressors (1)
- Multixenobiotic resistance activity (1)
- Museum collections (1)
- Museum samples (1)
- Mushroom (1)
- Mutualismus (1)
- Myanmar (1)
- Myotis myotis (1)
- Myrmekophytie (1)
- NOAEC (1)
- Namibia (1)
- Nanoplastics (1)
- Natricidae (1)
- Natural product synthesis (1)
- Nature (1)
- Nature reserve (1)
- Naturschutz (1)
- Nealotus tripes (1)
- Neobiota (1)
- Neogobius melanostomus (1)
- Neomeniomorpha (1)
- Neopagetopsis ionah (1)
- Neotropical fungi (1)
- Neotropics (1)
- Neozoan (1)
- Neutron Computed Tomography (1)
- Neutron Imaging (1)
- Neutron Radiography (1)
- New species (1)
- Nf2 (1)
- Niche differentiation (1)
- Nicht-Holz-Waldprodukte (1)
- Nichtholzprodukte (1)
- Non-invasive sampling (1)
- Non-target analysis (1)
- Noninvasive genetic sampling (1)
- Normative dimension (1)
- North Sea (1)
- Notoryctes (1)
- Nucella lapillus (1)
- Nutzwert (1)
- Oaks (1)
- Obligate biotroph (1)
- Observation (1)
- Olpidiopsis (1)
- Oomycetes (1)
- Oomycota (1)
- Opisthobranchia (1)
- Orangutans (1)
- Orchideen (1)
- Ostropomycetidae (1)
- Ovary (1)
- Overcompensation (1)
- Oyster farming (1)
- Oysters (1)
- PFNL (1)
- PFNLx (1)
- PTP (1)
- Pagetopsis macropterus (1)
- Palaeontology (1)
- Paleobiology (1)
- Paleoclimate (1)
- Paleontology (1)
- Panama (1)
- Panpulmonata (1)
- Panthera onca (1)
- Papierindustrie (1)
- Parachaenichthys charcoti (1)
- Paraguay (1)
- Parameter space (1)
- Paranthropus (1)
- Parasite genetics (1)
- Parasite infection (1)
- Parasites (1)
- Parasitic infection (1)
- Particulate matter (1)
- Pathosystem (1)
- Peracarida (1)
- Peracarids (1)
- Peronospora belbahrii (1)
- Peronospora lamii (1)
- Peronospora salviae-officinalis (1)
- Personality (1)
- Personality differences (1)
- Personality traits (1)
- Pertusaria (1)
- Pertusariales (1)
- Pflanzenameisen (1)
- Pflanzengeografie (1)
- Pflanzensoziologie (1)
- Phenotype (1)
- Photorhabdus (1)
- Phylloscopidae (1)
- Phylloscopus (1)
- Phylogenetic analysis (1)
- Phylogenomics (1)
- Phylogeography (1)
- Physiological parameters (1)
- Phytohormones (1)
- Pigeons (1)
- Plant collections (1)
- Plant pathogen (1)
- Plastic bottles (1)
- Plastic packaging (1)
- Plecoptera (1)
- Pleistocene glaciations (1)
- Pleistocene populations (1)
- Pliocene (1)
- Pliocene–Pleistocene (1)
- Ploidy (1)
- Poecilia mexicana (1)
- Poeciliidae (1)
- Pollutants (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polypedates (1)
- Polyplacophora (1)
- Polyploidy (1)
- Polyporales (1)
- Pongo (1)
- Pontisma (1)
- Pool-Seq (1)
- Population continuity (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Population genetics (1)
- Population size (1)
- Positive Selection (1)
- Postglacial colonization (1)
- Potentilla (1)
- Predator–prey interaction (1)
- Predictability (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Premating isolation (1)
- Promoters (1)
- Protracted speciation (1)
- Pseudochaenichthys georgianus (1)
- Pseudoterranova (1)
- Public health (1)
- Puumala virus (1)
- QSARs (1)
- RNA sequencing (1)
- Racovitzia glacialis (1)
- Rain (1)
- Ranunculaceae (1)
- Rapid evolution (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Rearing temperature (1)
- Red fox (1)
- Reishi (1)
- Relative importance index (1)
- Relic area (1)
- Reproduction (1)
- Reproduction mode (1)
- Reproductive isolation (1)
- Reproductive potential (1)
- Research infrastructure (1)
- Resource competition (1)
- Retrotransposon (1)
- Revision (1)
- Risk drivers (1)
- Risk metrics (risk quotients, toxic units, hazard units) (1)
- River pollution (1)
- Rodent-associated infections (1)
- Roosting place (1)
- Rosaceae (1)
- Rotenone (1)
- Ruderalarten (1)
- RxLR effectors (1)
- SINE (1)
- SNP (1)
- SNP genotyping (1)
- SPAD (1)
- STACEY (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Sap flow (1)
- Saprolegnia (1)
- Savanne (1)
- Schmierläuse (1)
- Science–society interactions (1)
- Seasonal fluctuation (1)
- Seasonal trend decomposition (1)
- Seasons (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Segetalarten (1)
- Seicercus (1)
- Sensitivity (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Serranía de Tabasará (1)
- Serranía de Talamanca (1)
- Sex differentiation (1)
- Sex reversal (1)
- Sexual selection (1)
- Sibling species (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Sint Maarten (1)
- Site networks (1)
- Smut Fungi (1)
- Socio-cultural factors (1)
- Socio-ecology (1)
- Solenidae (1)
- Sources (1)
- South African giraffe (1)
- Southeast Asia (1)
- Spatio-temporal patterns (1)
- Species composition (1)
- Species diversity (1)
- Species extinction (1)
- Species identification (1)
- Spinturnix myoti (1)
- Sponges (1)
- Stage-structured model (1)
- StagePop (1)
- Stewardship (1)
- Stewardship and dissemination (1)
- Substitute (1)
- Subterranean environment (1)
- Subtropical East-Atlantic (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Suspended solids (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainability research (1)
- Svalbard (1)
- Swimming (1)
- Symbiose (1)
- Südostasien (1)
- Target screening (1)
- Tasmanian devil (1)
- Taxonomie (1)
- Taxonomy crisis (1)
- Teeth (1)
- Temporal variation (1)
- Territorial songs (1)
- Testis (1)
- Testosterone (1)
- The D-statistic (1)
- Thecadactylus (1)
- Thermal desorption GC–MS (1)
- Thermal pollution (1)
- Therophyten (1)
- Tiger mosquito (1)
- Tools and pipelines (1)
- Tooth wear (1)
- Tortoise beetles (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxizität (1)
- Traditional medicine (1)
- Transposable elements (1)
- Trichiurus lepturus (1)
- Triterpenic acids (1)
- Tuber aestivum (1)
- U2-OS (1)
- Urban ecology (1)
- Urodela (1)
- Ursus arctos (1)
- Usefulness (1)
- Ustilaginaceae (1)
- Ustilaginomycotina (1)
- Vector (1)
- Vector borne diseases (1)
- Vector mosquito (1)
- Vectorpathogen-host (1)
- Vein density (1)
- Vein networks (1)
- Vulpes lagopus (1)
- Vulpes vulpes (1)
- Wald als Lebensgrundlage (1)
- Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents (1)
- Water Framework Directive (1)
- Water chemistry (1)
- Water relations (1)
- Weddell Sea (1)
- Whales (1)
- White-rot (1)
- Whole Effluent Assessment (1)
- Whole-genome sequencing (1)
- Wide-scope chemical target screening (1)
- Wing morphometry (1)
- Wirbellose (1)
- Wirtspflanzen (1)
- Wolbachia (1)
- Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (1)
- Xenoestrogens (1)
- Yeast estrogen screen (1)
- Yellow fever mosquito (1)
- ZF-L (1)
- Zahn-Wellens test (1)
- Zahn-Wellens-Test (1)
- Zeigerwerte (1)
- Zoology (1)
- Zospeum (1)
- aboveground biomass (1)
- abundance (1)
- acclimation (1)
- activity sensors (1)
- air pressure (1)
- aliment sauvage (1)
- allozymes (1)
- alteración por descarga (1)
- ames fluctuation assay (1)
- amplexus (1)
- amplicon sequencing (1)
- aniline blue (1)
- ant-plants (1)
- antipredator behavior (1)
- aposematism (1)
- archeological modeling (1)
- archivage des données (1)
- asexual fungi (1)
- assembly (1)
- automated conservation assessment (1)
- avian magnetic compass (1)
- bacterial communities (1)
- bacterium-fungus interaction (1)
- barrier loci (1)
- basal oomycetes (1)
- bears (1)
- bioassay (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biodiversity education (1)
- biodiversity hotspots (1)
- biodiversity network (1)
- biodiversity networks (1)
- biodiversity research (1)
- biogeographic legaciese (1)
- biological archives (1)
- biome (1)
- biosynthetic gene clusters (1)
- bisphenol A (1)
- blow flies (1)
- blow fly (1)
- boreotropics (1)
- bottleneck (1)
- brassicaceae (1)
- bromeliads (1)
- brown bear (1)
- caddisflies (1)
- calentamiento climático (1)
- cancer (1)
- cancer-associated fibroblasts (1)
- candidate genes (1)
- carbon-13 (1)
- cave-dwelling species (1)
- caves (1)
- chloroplast capture (1)
- chromium de novo assembly (1)
- chromosomal aberrations (1)
- chromosome number (1)
- chronosequence (1)
- citation index (1)
- climate warming (1)
- clumped isotopes (1)
- coalescence (1)
- cold tolerance (1)
- coloration (1)
- coluteocarpeae (1)
- community composition (1)
- community ecology (1)
- community-weighted mean (1)
- compaction (1)
- confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- connaissances écologiques traditionnelles (1)
- continental drift (1)
- control region (1)
- convergent evolution (1)
- cosmopolitan (1)
- cosmopolite (1)
- costs (1)
- cpDNA (1)
- crude oil (1)
- cryptic species (1)
- cryptochrome 1a (1)
- cuticular hydrocarbons (1)
- cytochrome oxidase (1)
- data archiving (1)
- data integration (1)
- data pruning (1)
- dataset (1)
- deadwood experiments (1)
- declinación rápida de abundancia (1)
- decline (1)
- deep-sea sponge (1)
- demographic inference (1)
- demography (1)
- dental morphology (1)
- desaturase (1)
- developmental temperature (1)
- diagenesis (1)
- diatom parasites (1)
- differentially expressed genes (1)
- digital age determination (1)
- discharge alteration (1)
- discorhabdin (1)
- disequilibrium (1)
- distribution pattern (1)
- diversidad de especies (1)
- diversity metrics (1)
- diversity of species (1)
- domatia (1)
- données écologiques (1)
- dynamic temperature (1)
- déclin d’espèce revenu (1)
- dépendance des forêts (1)
- early fire (1)
- ecological data (1)
- ecological niche modelling (1)
- ecological speciation (1)
- ecological versatility (1)
- ecotoxicology (1)
- ectotherm (1)
- education (1)
- elongase (1)
- enamel (1)
- enamel thickness (1)
- endocrine disrupting chemicals (1)
- endocrine disruption (1)
- endocrine disruptor (1)
- environmental DNA (1)
- environmental conditions (1)
- environmental factors (1)
- environmental niche (1)
- environmental variables (1)
- epiphytism (1)
- espèces rudérales (1)
- espèces ségétales (1)
- essbare Wildpflanzen (1)
- estradiol equivalents (1)
- eutroglobiont gastropod (1)
- evolutionary biology (1)
- evolutionary history (1)
- feeding (1)
- female choice (1)
- fin whales (1)
- fish bones (1)
- fitness (1)
- fixed average (1)
- flavin redox cycle (1)
- flesh flies (1)
- food quality (1)
- forensics (1)
- forest classification (1)
- forest dependency (1)
- forest functional similarity (1)
- forest management (1)
- forest tree (1)
- formicine (1)
- freeze avoidance (1)
- freshwater (1)
- freshwater ecology (1)
- freshwater ecosystems (1)
- fruit body (1)
- functional traits (1)
- gene sequence data (1)
- gene signature (1)
- gene-flow (1)
- generalized additive model (1)
- genetic differentiation (1)
- genome analysis (1)
- genomic base composition (1)
- genotoxicity (1)
- geographic distributions (1)
- geomorphology (1)
- global climate change (1)
- habitat destruction (1)
- habitat filter (1)
- hardwood (1)
- hazard assessment (1)
- hidden speciation (1)
- high throughput (1)
- hind-casting (1)
- historical biogeography (1)
- holocarpic oomycetes (1)
- hominin adaptation (1)
- human evolution (1)
- human exposure (1)
- human pathogenic Nematoda (1)
- human–environment interaction (1)
- humidity (1)
- hybrid assembly (1)
- hybrid enrichment (1)
- hydrogen sulfide (1)
- hydrophytes (1)
- ice age refugia (1)
- ice coverage (1)
- impact factor (1)
- imposex (1)
- in vitro effects (1)
- income (1)
- incomplete lineage sorting (1)
- indicator values (1)
- indirect discharger (1)
- individual identification (1)
- industrial effluents (1)
- infrared (1)
- insect (1)
- insect abundance (1)
- internal transcribed spacer (1)
- internal transcribed spacer rDNA (1)
- introgression (1)
- introgressive hybridization (1)
- invasion risk assessment (1)
- invasive fish (1)
- kangaroo (1)
- land bridges (1)
- land cover changes (1)
- land degradation (1)
- land snails (1)
- landscape structure (1)
- large carnivores (1)
- larva (1)
- larval morphology, identification (1)
- latitudinal gradient in species richness (1)
- lichen secondary metabolites (1)
- lichen-forming fungi (1)
- life cycle (1)
- life stage association (1)
- life-cycle (1)
- life-form (1)
- light-activation (1)
- livelihood (1)
- local adaptation (1)
- long-term observations (1)
- long-term research (1)
- lowland tropical forest (1)
- ländliche Einkommen (1)
- ländliche Entwicklung (1)
- macrohabitat (1)
- magnesium transporters (1)
- mammals (1)
- mammary carcinoma (1)
- marine invertebrates (1)
- marsupial phylogeny (1)
- marsupials (1)
- mate choice (1)
- mating type (1)
- mayflies (1)
- melanization (1)
- metabolic pathways (1)
- metamorphosis (1)
- micro-CT (1)
- microbiome (1)
- microgastropoda (1)
- microgastropods (1)
- micromorphology (1)
- micronucleus (1)
- micronucleus assay (1)
- microsatellites (1)
- microthlaspi (1)
- mineral water (1)
- mineralized tissues (1)
- mobility (1)
- molecular barcoding (1)
- molecular clock (1)
- molecular docking (1)
- molecular networking (1)
- molecular phylogeny (1)
- molecular species discrimination (1)
- molecular systematics (1)
- monitoring (1)
- morphology (1)
- multi-locus analyses (1)
- multigene analyses (1)
- multigene phylogeny (1)
- multilocus genotype (1)
- multiple stressors (1)
- multispecies coalescent (1)
- multivariate mixed model (1)
- museum collections (1)
- mutational load (1)
- mutational spectrum bias (1)
- mutualism (1)
- myrmecophytes (1)
- nature museums (1)
- near-natural (1)
- neotype (1)
- network analysis (1)
- neutron microtomography (1)
- new combinations (1)
- new primers (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- next-generation sequencing (1)
- nextgeneration sequencing (1)
- noccaea (1)
- noise (1)
- nomenclature (1)
- non-independent mate choice (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- non-timber forest products (1)
- noninvasive species (1)
- oakmoss (1)
- observaciones a largo plazo (1)
- occlusal fingerprint analysis (1)
- off-target reads (1)
- open science (1)
- orchid (1)
- orchidée (1)
- original species description (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxygen-18 (1)
- palaeoecology (1)
- paleoanthropology (1)
- paleoclimate modeling (1)
- paleodiet (1)
- paleoecology (1)
- paleoenvironment modeling (1)
- paleoenvironment reconstruction (1)
- personality (1)
- phylogenetic community distance (1)
- phylogenetic conflict (1)
- phylogenetic diversity (1)
- phytodiversity (1)
- phytogeography (1)
- phytogéographie (1)
- phytosociologie (1)
- phytosociology (1)
- plant species distributions (1)
- plant-ants (1)
- plant-microbe interactions (1)
- plastic response (1)
- plastome (1)
- pleomorphic fungi (1)
- ploidy (1)
- polyketide synthases (1)
- polyploidy (1)
- polytomy (1)
- population density (1)
- population genomics (1)
- population growth (1)
- populations rurales pauvres (1)
- portable fluorimeter (1)
- positive selection (1)
- postglacial recolonization (1)
- potential invasion area (1)
- predator avoidance (1)
- primate evolution (1)
- prioritization (1)
- produits forestiers non ligneux (1)
- prosobranchia (1)
- protected areas (1)
- protected names (1)
- public awareness (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quality control (1)
- quantitative shell variation (1)
- quorum sensing (1)
- radical pairs (1)
- random genetic drift (1)
- range size (1)
- rapid abundance decline (1)
- razor clams (1)
- re-description (1)
- reassembly (1)
- recolonization (1)
- red algae (1)
- refined fuels (1)
- regurgitation pellets (1)
- reintroduction (1)
- rejected names (1)
- relationships (1)
- repeatability (1)
- reproductive isolation (1)
- reproductive toxicity (1)
- reserve substance (1)
- resilience (1)
- resistance (1)
- ressources de base (1)
- retrotransposons (1)
- revenu rural (1)
- review (1)
- ruderal species (1)
- rural income (1)
- rural poor (1)
- salinity (1)
- savane (1)
- savanna ecosystem (1)
- scientific communication (1)
- sea-ice meiofauna (1)
- seafood allergy (1)
- segetal species (1)
- sex ratio (1)
- sexual ornament (1)
- shell eyes (1)
- shell variability (1)
- short read assembly (1)
- six new taxa (1)
- smut fung (1)
- soil VOCs (1)
- soil bacteria communities (1)
- soil degradation (1)
- soil fungal communities (1)
- soil temperature (1)
- song evolution (1)
- southern Africa (1)
- spatio-temporal analysis (1)
- spatio-temporal evolution (1)
- species complex (1)
- species decline (1)
- species delineation (1)
- species discrimination (1)
- species distribution modelling (1)
- species distribution models (1)
- species groups (1)
- species inventory (1)
- species tree (1)
- specific average (1)
- split decomposition (1)
- stoneflies (1)
- stream macroinvertebrates (1)
- subgenera (1)
- substituts (1)
- subterranean land snail (1)
- sudano-sahelien zone (1)
- superfemale (1)
- sustainability (1)
- systematic diversity (1)
- systems knowledge (1)
- taphonom (1)
- taphonomy (1)
- target knowledge (1)
- taxon sampling (1)
- taxonomic impediment (1)
- taxonomía (1)
- temperature adaptation (1)
- terpene synthases (1)
- the Weddell Sea (1)
- therophytes (1)
- thlaspi (1)
- threats (1)
- thérophytes (1)
- traditional ecological knowledge (1)
- traditionelles ökologisches Wissen (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transcriptional profiling (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transdisciplinarity (1)
- transfer (1)
- transformation knowledge (1)
- transposable element (1)
- transposable elements (1)
- tree moss (1)
- trees (1)
- tributyltin (1)
- tropical Africa (1)
- tropical forests (1)
- tropical fungi (1)
- trypan blue (1)
- type species (1)
- under-ice fauna (1)
- unit nomenclature (1)
- urbanity gradient (1)
- urbanization (1)
- use value (1)
- valeur d'usage (1)
- valeurs indicatrices (1)
- variable selection (1)
- violacein (1)
- vocalización (1)
- vocalization (1)
- volatile organic compounds (1)
- voucherless taxa (1)
- water parameter (1)
- wax layer (1)
- whaling (1)
- wild food (1)
- winter survival (1)
- wood-inhabiting fungi (1)
- worm-mollusc (1)
- xenoestrogen (1)
- zooplankton (1)
- ökologische Daten (1)
Institute
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität (384)
- Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (201)
- Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F) (129)
- Biowissenschaften (93)
- Medizin (13)
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Afrikaforschung (ZIAF) (9)
- Geowissenschaften (6)
- LOEWE-Schwerpunkt für Integrative Pilzforschung (5)
- Institut für sozial-ökologische Forschung (ISOE) (3)
- Exzellenzcluster Makromolekulare Komplexe (2)
This study aims at characterizing the diversity and temporal changes of species richness and composition of fungi in an ecotone of a forest border and a meadow in the Taunus mountain range in Germany. All macroscopically visible, epigeous fungi and vascular plants were sampled monthly over three years, together with climatic variables like humidity and temperature that influence fungal diversity and composition as shown by previous studies. In this mosaic landscape, a total of 855 fungal species were collected and identified based on morphological features, the majority of which belonged to Ascomycota (51 %) and Basidiomycota (45 %). Records of fungal species and plant species (218) for this area yielded a fungus to plant species ratio of 4:1, with a plant species accumulation curve that reached saturation. The three years of monitoring, however, were not sufficient to reveal the total fungal species richness and estimation factors showed that a fungus to plant species ratio of 6:1 may be reached by further sampling efforts. The effect of climatic conditions on fungal species richness differed depending on the taxonomic and ecological group, with temporal patterns of occurrence of Basidiomycota and mycorrhizal fungi being strongly associated with temperature and humidity, whereas the other fungal groups were only weakly related to abiotic conditions. In conclusion, long-term, monthly surveys over several years yield a higher diversity of macroscopically visible fungi than standard samplings of fungi in autumn. The association of environmental variables with the occurrence of specific fungal guilds may help to improve estimators of fungal richness in temperate regions.
A strong decline and thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover over the past five decades has been documented. The former multiyear sea-ice system has largely changed to an annual system and with it the dynamics of sea-ice transport across the Arctic Ocean. Less sea ice is reaching the Fram Strait and more ice and ice-transported material is released in the northern Laptev Sea and the central Arctic Ocean. This trend is expected to have a decisive impact on ice associated (“sympagic”) communities. As sympagic fauna plays an important role in transmitting carbon from the ice-water interface to the pelagic and benthic food webs, it is important to monitor its community composition under the changing environmental conditions. We investigated the taxonomic composition, abundance and distribution of sea-ice meiofauna (here heterotrophs >10 μm; eight stations) and under-ice fauna (here metazoans >300 μm; fourteen stations) in Arctic 1.5 year-old pack ice north of Svalbard. Sampling was conducted during spring 2015 by sea-ice coring and trawling with a Surface and Under-Ice Trawl. We identified 42 taxa associated with the sea ice. The total abundance of sea-ice meiofauna ranged between 580 and 17,156 ind.m–2 and was dominated by Ciliophora (46%), Copepoda nauplii (29%), and Harpacticoida (20%). In contrast to earlier studies in this region, we found no Nematoda and few flatworms in our sea-ice samples. Under-ice fauna abundance ranged between 15 and 6,785 ind.m–2 and was dominated by Appendicularia (58%), caused by exceptionally high abundance at one station. Copepoda nauplii (23%), Calanus finmarchicus (9%), and Calanus glacialis (6%) were also very abundant while sympagic Amphipoda were comparatively rare (0.35%). Both sympagic communities showed regional differences in community composition and abundance between shelf and offshore stations, but only for the under-ice fauna those differences were statistically significant. Selected environmental variables moderately explained variations in abundances of both faunas. The results of this study are consistent with predictions of diversity shifts in the new Arctic.
Seed harvesting from wild plant populations is key for ecological restoration, but may threaten the persistence of source populations. Consequently, several countries have set guidelines limiting the proportions of harvestable seeds. Here, we use high-resolution data from 298 plant species to model the demographic consequences of seed harvesting. We find that the current guidelines only protect some species, but are insufficient or overly restrictive for others. We show that the maximum possible fraction of seed harvesting is strongly associated with harvesting frequency and generation time of the target species, ranging from 100% in long-lived species to <1% in the most annuals. Our results provide quantitative basis to guide seed harvesting legislation based on species’ generation time and harvesting regime.
Competition over land is at the core of many sustainable development challenges in Myanmar: villagers, companies, governments, ethnic minority groups, civil society organisations and non-governmental organisations from local to the international level claim access to and decision-making power over the use of land. Therefore, this article investigates the actor interactions influencing land-use changes and their impacts on the supply of ecosystem services and human well-being. We utilise a transdisciplinary mixed-methods approach and the analytical lens of the social-ecological systems framework. Results reveal that the links between land-use changes, ecosystem services and human well-being are multifaceted; For example ecosystem services can decline, while human well-being increases. We explain this finding through three different pathways to impact (changes in the resource systems, the governance systems or the broader social, economic and political context). We conclude with implications of these results for future sustainable land governance.
Wild plant species are important nutritious supplements to otherwise nutrient poor diets of rural populations in West Africa. Consequently, a decline of wild food species has a direct negative impact on the nutritional status of local households. In this study, we firstly investigated the preferred wild food species in south-east Burkina Faso, their perceived change in abundance as well as their contribution to wild food income. Secondly, we studied how these species might be substituted in times of species shortfall. Thirdly, we investigated the impact of socio-economic variables on the substitution choice. We conducted 155 household interviews in two villages and found 21 wild food species. With a contribution of almost 70% to wild food income, Vitellaria paradoxa and Parkia biglobosa were economically most important. All species were considered declining to some degree. The wide range of cited substitutes for the ten most important wild food species indicates a great knowledge on alternative plant species in the area. For the majority, the substitution choice did not depend on socio-economic characteristics. Cited as surrogate for several important wild food species, the native tree Balanites aegyptiaca was the most important substitute species. Many valued wild food species were substituted with other highly valued wild food species and therefore the decline of one species can lead to a shortfall of another substitute. Thus, even though our results suggest that people are able to counteract the decrease or absence of wild food species, growing decline of one species would concurrently increase the pressure on other native food species.
Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) make a major contribution to the livelihoods and diets of rural households in the savanna ecosystems of West Africa. However, land use change and climatic variability might affect their availability in the future. Based on a survey among 227 households in Northern Benin, we investigated local substitution patterns for the seeds of the three socio-economically most important NTFP-species in the region, Vitellaria paradoxa, Adansonia digitata and Parkia biglobosa, being major sources for protein, fat, and micronutrients in local daily diets. Our study compared substitution patterns between, firstly, three income groups, to assess whether a households’ socio-economic status has an influence on the choice of surrogates (low cost vs. more costly options). Secondly, we compared substitution patterns between the five major ethnic groups in the study region (the Fulani, the Bariba, the Ditammarie, the Kabiyé and the Yom). The choice of substitutes differed significantly across income groups. However, the poorest households clearly show to be the most vulnerable: up to 30 % of the sampled households stated they would lack an adequate replacement for the NTFPs in question. Furthermore, ethnic affiliation showed to have a considerable impact on the preferred alternative products due to underlying cultural traditions of plant use. Subsequently, aiming at maintaining – and enhancing – the local supply of V. paradoxa, P. biglobosa and A. digitata in order to secure their contributions to local diets, local land use policy should have a particular focus on their ethnic-conditioned use and particularly the specific requirements of the poorest community members.
Spatial and temporal processes shaping microbial communities are inseparably linked but rarely studied together. By Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing, we monitored soil bacteria in 360 stations on a 100 square meter plot distributed across six intra-annual samplings in a rarely managed, temperate grassland. Using a multi-tiered approach, we tested the extent to which stochastic or deterministic processes influenced the composition of local communities. A combination of phylogenetic turnover analysis and null modeling demonstrated that either homogenization by unlimited stochastic dispersal or scenarios, in which neither stochastic processes nor deterministic forces dominated, explained local assembly processes. Thus, the majority of all sampled communities (82%) was rather homogeneous with no significant changes in abundance-weighted composition. However, we detected strong and uniform taxonomic shifts within just nine samples in early summer. Thus, community snapshots sampled from single points in time or space do not necessarily reflect a representative community state. The potential for change despite the overall homogeneity was further demonstrated when the focus shifted to the rare biosphere. Rare OTU turnover, rather than nestedness, characterized abundance-independent β-diversity. Accordingly, boosted generalized additive models encompassing spatial, temporal and environmental variables revealed strong and highly diverse effects of space on OTU abundance, even within the same genus. This pure spatial effect increased with decreasing OTU abundance and frequency, whereas soil moisture – the most important environmental variable – had an opposite effect by impacting abundant OTUs more than the rare ones. These results indicate that – despite considerable oscillation in space and time – the abundant and resident OTUs provide a community backbone that supports much higher β-diversity of a dynamic rare biosphere. Our findings reveal complex interactions among space, time, and environmental filters within bacterial communities in a long-established temperate grassland.
In this report, we present the contributions, outcomes, ideas, discussions and conclusions obtained at the PaleoMaps Workshop 2019, that took place at the Institute of Geography of the University of Cologne on 23 and 24 September 2019. The twofold aim of the workshop was: (1) to provide an overview of approaches and methods that are presently used to incorporate paleoenvironmental information in human–environment interaction modeling applications, and building thereon; (2) to devise new approaches and solutions that might be used to enhance the reconstruction of past human–environmental interconnections. This report first outlines the presented papers, and then provides a joint protocol of the often extensive discussions that came up following the presentations or else during the refreshment intervals. It concludes by adressing the open points to be resolved in future research avenues, e.g., implementation of open science practices, new procedures for reviewing of publications, and future concepts for quality assurance of the often complex paleoenvironmental data. This report may serve as an overview of the state of the art in paleoenvironment mapping and modeling. It includes an extensive compilation of the basic literature, as provided by the workshop attendants, which will itself facilitate the necessary future research.
The Asian bush mosquito (Aedes japonicus japonicus, Theobald 1901) is an invasive culicid species which originates in Asia but is nowadays present in northern America and Europe. It is a competent vector for several human disease pathogens. In addition to the public health threat, this invasive species may also be an ecological threat for native container-breeding mosquitoes which share a similar larval habitat. Therefore, it is of importance to gain knowledge on ecological and eco-toxicological features of the Asian bush mosquito. However, optimal laboratory feeding conditions have not yet been established. Standardized feeding methods will be needed in assessing the impact of insecticides or competitional strength of this species. To fill this gap, we performed experiments on food quality and quantity for Ae. j. japonicus larvae. We found out that the commercial fish food TetraMin (Tetra, Melle, Germany) in a dose of 10 mg per larva is the most suitable food tested. We also suggest a protocol with a feeding sequence of seven portions for all larval stages of this species.
We study how species richness of arthropods relates to theories concerning net primary productivity, ambient energy, water-energy dynamics and spatial environmental heterogeneity. We use two datasets of arthropod richness with similar spatial extents (Scandinavia to Mediterranean), but contrasting spatial grain (local habitat and country). Samples of ground-dwelling spiders, beetles, bugs and ants were collected from 32 paired habitats at 16 locations across Europe. Species richness of these taxonomic groups was also determined for 25 European countries based on the Fauna Europaea database. We tested effects of net primary productivity (NPP), annual mean temperature (T), annual rainfall (R) and potential evapotranspiration of the coldest month (PETmin) on species richness and turnover. Spatial environmental heterogeneity within countries was considered by including the ranges of NPP, T, R and PETmin. At the local habitat grain, relationships between species richness and environmental variables differed strongly between taxa and trophic groups. However, species turnover across locations was strongly correlated with differences in T. At the country grain, species richness was significantly correlated with environmental variables from all four theories. In particular, species richness within countries increased strongly with spatial heterogeneity in T. The importance of spatial heterogeneity in T for both species turnover across locations and for species richness within countries suggests that the temperature niche is an important determinant of arthropod diversity. We suggest that, unless climatic heterogeneity is constant across sampling units, coarse-grained studies should always account for environmental heterogeneity as a predictor of arthropod species richness, just as studies with variable area of sampling units routinely consider area.
There is increasing evidence that climate change will have a severe impact on species’ distributions by altering the climatic conditions within their present ranges. Especially species inhabiting stream ecosystems are expected to be strongly affected due to warming temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. The aim of this thesis was to
investigate how distributions of aquatic insects, i.e., benthic stream macroinvertebrates would be impacted by warming climates. The methods comprised of an ensemble forecasting technique based on species distribution models (SDMs) and climate change scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of the year 2080. Future model projections were generated for a wide variety of species from a number of taxonomic orders for two spatial scales: a stream network within the lower mountain ranges of Germany, and the entire territory across Europe. In addition, the effect of the modelling technique on habitat suitability projections was investigated by modifying the choice of study area (continuous area vs. stream network) and the choice of predictors (standard vs. corrected set).
Projections of future habitat suitability showed that potential climate-change impacts would be dependent on species’ thermal preferences, and with a similar pattern for both spatial scales. Future habitat suitability was projected to remain for most or all of the modelled species, and species were projected to track their climatically suitable conditions by shifting uphill along the river continuum within the lower mountain ranges, and into a north-easterly direction across Europe. Cold-adapted headwater and high-latitude species were projected to lose suitable habitats, whereas gains would be expected for warm-adapted river and low-latitude species along the river continuum and across Europe, respectively. Additionally, habitat specialist species in terms of endemics of the Iberian Peninsula were identified as potential climate-change losers, highlighting their restricted habitat availability and therefore vulnerability to warming climates.
The main findings of this thesis underline the high susceptibility of stream macroinvertebrates to ongoing climate change, and give insights into patterns of possible consequences due to changes in species’ habitat suitability. Concerning the methodology, a clear recommendation can be given for future modelling approaches of stream macroinvertebrates by building models within a stream network and with a careful choice of environmental predictors, to reduce uncertainties and thus to improve model projections.
The iconic Australasian kangaroos and wallabies represent a successful marsupial radiation. However, the evolutionary relationship within the two genera, Macropus and Wallabia, is controversial: mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and morphological data have produced conflicting scenarios regarding the phylogenetic relationships, which in turn impact the classification and taxonomy. We sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 11 kangaroos to investigate the evolutionary cause of the observed phylogenetic conflict. A multilocus coalescent analysis using ∼14,900 genome fragments, each 10 kb long, significantly resolved the species relationships between and among the sister-genera Macropus and Wallabia. The phylogenomic approach reconstructed the swamp wallaby (Wallabia) as nested inside Macropus, making this genus paraphyletic. However, the phylogenomic analyses indicate multiple conflicting phylogenetic signals in the swamp wallaby genome. This is interpreted as at least one introgression event between the ancestor of the genus Wallabia and a now extinct ghost lineage outside the genus Macropus. Additional phylogenetic signals must therefore be caused by incomplete lineage sorting and/or introgression, but available statistical methods cannot convincingly disentangle the two processes. In addition, the relationships inside the Macropus subgenus M. (Notamacropus) represent a hard polytomy. Thus, the relationships between tammar, red-necked, agile, and parma wallabies remain unresolvable even with whole-genome data. Even if most methods resolve bifurcating trees from genomic data, hard polytomies, incomplete lineage sorting, and introgression complicate the interpretation of the phylogeny and thus taxonomy.
Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of species assemblages is a main challenge in ecology. The mechanisms that shape species assemblages and their temporal fluctuations along tropical elevational gradients are particularly poorly understood. Here, we examined the spatio-temporal dynamics of bird assemblages along an elevational gradient in Ecuador. We conducted bird point counts at three elevations (1000, 2000 and 3000 m) on 18 1-ha plots and repeated the sampling eight times over two years (216 hours in total). For each plot, we obtained data of monthly temperatures and precipitation and recorded the overall resource availability (i.e., the sum of flower, fruit, and invertebrate resources). As expected, bird richness decreased from low to high elevations. Moreover, we found a significant decrease in bird abundance and richness and an increase in evenness between the most and least humid season at each of the three elevations. Climatic factors were more closely related to these temporal fluctuations than local resource availability. While temperature had significant positive effects on the abundance of birds at mid and high elevations, precipitation negatively affected bird abundance at low and mid elevations. Our study highlights that bird assemblages along tropical elevational gradients can show pronounced seasonal fluctuations. In particular, low temperatures and high precipitation seem to impose important constraints on birds. We conclude that potential changes in climate, due to global warming, are likely to affect the spatio-temporal dynamics of bird assemblages along tropical elevational gradients.
Understanding major causes of biodiversity and range dynamics requires research on evolutionary processes under consideration of environmental changes. In my thesis, I investigated the spatio-temporal evolution of the Neotropical tree genus Cedrela from the Meliaceae family by studying its genetic diversity, taxonomy, colonization history, climatic niche changes and dynamics of species distributions. My results show that climatic and geological changes are major drivers of biological diversification in Cedrela.
Over the last decades agroforestry parklands in Burkina Faso have come under increasing demographic as well as climatic pressures, which are threatening indigenous tree species that contribute substantially to income generation and nutrition in rural households. Analyzing the threats as well as the species vulnerability to them is fundamental for priority setting in conservation planning. Guided by literature and local experts we selected 16 important food tree species (Acacia macrostachya, Acacia senegal, Adansonia digitata, Annona senegalensis, Balanites aegyptiaca, Bombax costatum, Boscia senegalensis, Detarium microcarpum, Lannea microcarpa, Parkia biglobosa, Sclerocarya birrea, Strychnos spinosa, Tamarindus indica, Vitellaria paradoxa, Ximenia americana, Ziziphus mauritiana) and six key threats to them (overexploitation, overgrazing, fire, cotton production, mining and climate change). We developed a species-specific and spatially explicit approach combining freely accessible datasets, species distribution models (SDMs), climate models and expert survey results to predict, at fine scale, where these threats are likely to have the greatest impact. We find that all species face serious threats throughout much of their distribution in Burkina Faso and that climate change is predicted to be the most prevalent threat in the long term, whereas overexploitation and cotton production are the most important short-term threats. Tree populations growing in areas designated as ‘highly threatened’ due to climate change should be used as seed sources for ex situ conservation and planting in areas where future climate is predicting suitable habitats. Assisted regeneration is suggested for populations in areas where suitable habitat under future climate conditions coincides with high threat levels due to short-term threats. In the case of Vitellaria paradoxa, we suggest collecting seed along the northern margins of its distribution and considering assisted regeneration in the central part where the current threat level is high due to overexploitation. In the same way, population-specific recommendations can be derived from the individual and combined threat maps of the other 15 food tree species. The approach can be easily transferred to other countries and can be used to analyze general and species specific threats at finer and more local as well as at broader (continental) scales in order to plan more selective and efficient conservation actions in time. The concept can be applied anywhere as long as appropriate spatial data are available as well as knowledgeable experts.
Background: Worldwide, the number of recorded human hantavirus infections as well as the number of affected countries is on the rise. In Europe, most human hantavirus infections are caused by the Puumala virus (PUUV), with bank voles (Myodes glareolus) as reservoir hosts. Generally, infection outbreaks have been related to environmental conditions, particularly climatic conditions, food supply for the reservoir species and land use. However, although attempts have been made, the insufficient availability of environmental data is often hampering accurate temporal and spatially explicit models of human hantavirus infections.
Methods: In the present study, dynamics of human PUUV infections between 2001 and 2015 were explored using ArcGIS in order to identify spatio-temporal patterns.
Results: Percentage cover of forest area was identified as an important factor for the spatial pattern, whereas beech mast was found explaining temporal patterns of human PUUV infections in Germany. High numbers of infections were recorded in 2007, 2010 and 2012 and areas with highest records were located in Baden-Wuerttemberg (southwest Germany) and North Rhine-Westphalia (western Germany).
Conclusion: More reliable data on reservoir host distribution, pathogen verification as well as an increased awareness of physicians are some of the factors that should improve future human infection risk assessments in Germany.
Small-scale phenotypic differentiation along complex stream gradients in a non-native amphipod
(2019)
Background: Selective landscapes in rivers are made up by an array of selective forces that vary from source to downstream regions or between seasons, and local/temporal variation in fitness maxima can result in gradual spatio-temporal variation of phenotypic traits. This study aimed at establishing freshwater amphipods as future model organisms to study adaptive phenotypic diversification (evolutionary divergence and/or adaptive plasticity) along stream gradients.
Methods: We collected Gammarus roeselii from 16 sampling sites in the Rhine catchment during two consecutive seasons (summer and winter). Altogether, we dissected n = 1648 individuals and quantified key parameters related to morphological and life-history diversification, including naturally selected (e.g., gill surface areas) as well as primarily sexually selected traits (e.g., male antennae). Acknowledging the complexity of selective regimes in streams and the interrelated nature of selection factors, we assessed several abiotic (e.g., temperature, flow velocity) and biotic ecological parameters (e.g., conspecific densities, sex ratios) and condensed them into four principal components (PCs).
Results: Generalized least squares models revealed pronounced phenotypic differentiation in most of the traits investigated herein, and components of the stream gradient (PCs) explained parts of the observed differences. Depending on the trait under investigation, phenotypic differentiation could be ascribed to variation in abiotic conditions, anthropogenic disturbance (influx of thermally polluted water), or population parameters. For example, female fecundity showed altitudinal variation and decreased with increasing conspecific densities, while sexual dimorphism in the length of male antennae—used for mate finding and assessment—increased with increasing population densities and towards female-biased sex ratios.
Conclusions: We provide a comprehensive protocol for comparative analyses of intraspecific variation in life history traits in amphipods. Whether the observed phenotypic differentiation over small geographical distances reflects evolutionary divergence or plasticity (or both) remains to be investigated in future studies. Independent of the mechanisms involved, variation in several traits is likely to have consequences for ecosystem functions. For example, leaf-shredding in G. roeselii strongly depends on body size, which varied in dependence of several ecological parameters.
Although it has been suggested that temperature increase may alter the toxic potential of environmental pollutants, few studies have investigated the potential risk of chemical stressors for wildlife under Global Climate Change (GCC) impact. We applied a bifactorial multigeneration study in order to test if GCC conditions alter the effects of low pesticide concentrations on life history and genetic diversity of the aquatic model organism Chironomus riparius. Experimental populations of the species were chronically exposed to a low concentration of the fungicide pyrimethanil (half of the no-observed-adverse-effect concentration: NOAEC/2) under two dynamic present-day temperature simulations (11.0–22.7°C; 14.0–25.2°C) and one future scenario (16.5–28.1°C). During the 140-day multigeneration study, survival, emergence, reproduction, population growth, and genetic diversity of C. riparius were analyzed. Our results reveal that high temperature and pyrimethanil act synergistically on the midge C. riparius. In simulated present-day scenarios, a NOAEC/2 of pyrimethanil as derived from a life-cycle toxicity test provoked only slight-to-moderate beneficial or adverse effects on C. riparius. In contrast, exposure to a NOAEC/2 concentration of pyrimethanil at a thermal situation likely for a summer under GCC conditions uncovered adverse effects on mortality and population growth rate. In addition, genetic diversity was considerably reduced by pyrimethanil in the future scenario, but only slightly under current climatic conditions. Our multigeneration study under near-natural (climatic) conditions indicates that not only the impact of climate change, but also low concentrations of pesticides may pose a reasonable risk for aquatic insects in future.
The species composition of local communities varies in space, and its similarity generally decreases with increasing geographic distance between communities, a phenomenon known as distance decay of similarity. It is, however, not known how changes in local species composition affect ecological processes, that is, whether they lead to differences in the local composition of species' functional roles. We studied eight seed‐dispersal networks along the South American Andes and compared them with regard to their species composition and their composition of functional roles. We tested (1) if changes in bird species composition lead to changes in the composition of bird functional roles, and (2) if the similarity in species composition and functional‐role composition decreased with increasing geographic distance between the networks. We also used cluster analysis to (3) identify bird species with similar roles across all networks based on the similarity in the plants they consume, (i) considering only the species identity of the plants and (ii) considering the functional traits of the plants. Despite strong changes in species composition, the networks along the Andes showed similar composition of functional roles. (1) Changes in species composition generally did not lead to changes in the composition of functional roles. (2) Similarity in species composition, but not functional‐role composition, decreased with increasing geographic distance between the networks. (3) The cluster analysis considering the functional traits of plants identified bird species with similar functional roles across all networks. The similarity in functional roles despite the high species turnover suggests that the ecological process of seed dispersal is organized similarly along the Andes, with similar functional roles fulfilled locally by different sets of species. The high species turnover, relative to functional turnover, also indicates that a large number of bird species are needed to maintain the seed‐dispersal process along the Andes.
Background: Until recently, read lengths on the Solexa/Illumina system were too short to reliably assemble transcriptomes without a reference sequence, especially for non-model organisms. However, with read lengths up to 100 nucleotides available in the current version, an assembly without reference genome should be possible. For this study we created an EST data set for the common pond snail Radix balthica by Illumina sequencing of a normalized transcriptome. Performance of three different short read assemblers was compared with respect to: the number of contigs, their length, depth of coverage, their quality in various BLAST searches and the alignment to mitochondrial genes. Results: A single sequencing run of a normalized RNA pool resulted in 16,923,850 paired end reads with median read length of 61 bases. The assemblies generated by VELVET, OASES, and SeqMan NGEN differed in the total number of contigs, contig length, the number and quality of gene hits obtained by BLAST searches against various databases, and contig performance in the mt genome comparison. While VELVET produced the highest overall number of contigs, a large fraction of these were of small size (< 200bp), and gave redundant hits in BLAST searches and the mt genome alignment. The best overall contig performance resulted from the NGEN assembly. It produced the second largest number of contigs, which on average were comparable to the OASES contigs but gave the highest number of gene hits in two out of four BLAST searches against different reference databases. A subsequent meta-assembly of the four contig sets resulted in larger contigs, less redundancy and a higher number of BLAST hits. Conclusion: Our results document the first de novo transcriptome assembly of a non-model species using Illumina sequencing data. We show that de novo transcriptome assembly using this approach yields results useful for downstream applications, in particular if a meta-assembly of contig sets is used to increase contig quality. These results highlight the ongoing need for improvements in assembly methodology. Keywords: next generation sequencing; short read assembly; Mollusca