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U članku se analiziraju pojedina značenja perceptivnih glagola vidjeti i gledati u hrvatskome jeziku te njihova vidska obilježja. Glagol vidjeti u značenjima fizičke percepcije funkcionira u rečenici kao svršeni i kao nesvršeni glagol. Glagol gledati u značenju fizičke percepcije u rečenici funkcionira kao prototipni nesvršeni glagol, dok njegov svršeni parnjak pogledati funkcionira kao prototipni i kao neprototipni svršeni glagol, ovisno o značenju.
Da die kontrastierenden Analysen zum Deutschen und zum Tschechischen, die auf einem zusammengestellten Korpus basieren, unter der vergleichenden phraseologischen Sprachforschung recht selten vertreten sind, wurde zum Objekt meiner Untersuchung die weibliche und männliche Rolle in den tschechischen und deutschen Redewendungen. […] Die Phraseologismen wurden unter diesem Aspekt bisher noch nicht verglichen und es ist höchst interessant an diesen festen Wendungen, die sich auf das praktische Leben beziehen, zu zeigen, wie sich die männliche und weibliche Rolle voneinander unterscheiden und hauptsächlich, wie diese Rollen in Tschechien und Deutschland differieren.
Vremenski instrumental
(2014)
In this article, I discuss some important properties of wh-questions and wh-scrambling in Japanese. The questions I will address are (i) which instances of (wh-) scrambling involve reconstruction and (ii) how the undoing effects of scrambling can be derived. First I will discuss the claim that (wh-) scrambling is semantically vacuous and is therefore undone at LF (Saito 1989, 1992). Then I consider the data that led Takahashi (1993) to the conclusion that at least some instances of wh-scrambling have to be analyzed as instances of "full wh-movement" i.e., overt movement of the wh-phrase in its scopal position. It will be argued that these examples are not instances of full wh-movement in Japanese, but that they also represent semantically vacuous scrambling. Those instances of scrambling that apprently cannot be undone are best explained with recourse to parsing effects. I conclude that wh-scrambling in Japanese is always triggered by a ([-wh]-) scrambling feature. In addition, long distance scrambling (scrambling out of finite CPs) is analyzed as adjunction movement, whereas short distance scrambling is movement to a specifier position of IP. Turning to the mechanisms of undoing, I will argue that only long distance scrambling is undone. This is shown to follow from Chomsky's (1995) bare phrase structure analysis, according to which multi-segmental categories derived by adjunction movement are not licensed at LF. The article is organized as follows. In section 2, the wh-scrambling phenomenon is described. In section 3, I discuss the reconstruction properties of scrambling. In addition, this section provides some basic assumptions about my analysis of Japanese scrambling in general. In section 4, I turn to the analysis of wh-scrambling as an instance of full wh-movement in Japanese. Section 5 provides discussion of multiple wh-questions in Japanese, and section 6 gives the conclusion.
Zum Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags wird erstens das Wesen der "sakralen Interjektionen" und ihre Beziehung zum übersetzungstheoretischen Bereich, zweitens die Anwesenheit dieser in repräsentativsten deutsch und tschechisch geschriebenen Wörterbüchern behandelt. Da die Beziehung der drei Größen Usus, Norm und Kodifizierung immer im Einklang stehen muss, wird die Untersuchung durch konkrete Analyse der unter ausgewählten tschechischen Studenten verteilten Fragebögen ergänzt.
The article consists in a comparative reading of three novels: Um rio chamado tempo by Mia Couto, Le pain des corbeaux by Lhoussain Azergui and Paw królowej by Dorota Masłowska. In spite of the difference of the historical circumstances of Mozambique, Morocco and Poland, these three books meet at an intersecting point: the emergence of an intelligentsia that uses literacy and writing as an instrument to deconstruct the post-colonial concept of nation and to operate a trans-colonial renegotiation of identity. By the notion of trans-colonial, I understand the opposition against new kinds of symbolic violence that emerged after the end of the colonial period; here this new form of oppression is related to the concept of national unity – an artificial construct that leaves no place for a dualism or pluralism of cultural reality (two shores of the Zambezi river, Arab and Berber dualism in Morocco, "small homelands" in Poland).
The young heroes of the novels grasp the pen in order to break through the falseness or the taboos created by the fathers, establishing, at the same time, the relation of solidarity with the world of the grandfathers. The act of writing becomes an actualization of the ancestral universe of magic. The settlement of accounts with the parental generation concerns the vision of nation built upon the resistance against the colonizer (it also refers to the Polish cultural formation, based on the tradition of uprisings and resistance against the Russians).
Ovaj se rad bavi položajem zanaglasnica u kontekstu njegove obrade u nastavi hrvatskoga jezika u srednjim školama. S obzirom na to da pisani korpus pokazuje velika odstupanja od klasičnoga tumačenja Wackernagelova pravila (Peti-Stantić 2007), htjele smo ovu pojavu istražiti u kontekstu odnosa nastavnika hrvatskoga jezika prema poučavanju pravila o položaju zanaglasnica. Dosadašnji radovi u ovome području pokazuju različite težnje. Dok većina suvremenih gramatika (Babić i dr. 2007, Barić i dr. 2005, Težak i Babić 1994) staje u prilog prozodijskome tumačenju Wackernagelova pravila, prema kojemu se zanaglasnica uvrštava iza prve naglašene riječi u rečenici, neki suvremeni jezikoslovci (Peti-Stantić 2002, 2002a, 2006, 2007) zagovaraju sintaktičko tumačenje ovoga pravila u hrvatskome jeziku, prema kojemu se zanaglasnice smještaju iza prve naglašene sintaktičke jedinice. Ovi drugi svoje tvrdnje podupiru neskladom između propisanih pravila i stvarne uporabe, tj. korpusa, a naše se istraživanje bavi sličnim problemom – odnosom između načelnih i praktičnih elemenata poučavanja ovoga pravila. Ispitivanje predodžbe nastavnika o pravilu o položaju zanaglasnica u hrvatskome jeziku te prakse poučavanja toga pravila otkrilo je da nastavnici daju prednost prozodijskom tumačenju Wackernagelova pravila, no nisu skloni ispravljanju učenika koji ga drugačije primjenjuju.
The article presents the first German-Czech handbook and textbook about forestry (written by Wenzel Elias Lenhardt). The text is of particular interest due to the language situation and the practical use of both German and Czech in the Bohemian Crown Lands during the 18th century. The paper also discusses several aspects of the handbook and textbook - including the author and the addressee from a pragmalinguistic perspective - and summarizes the results of an analysis of its textual characteristics, writing style, syntax and lexis.
School is not the only institution that educates children and provides them with specialised information. Television also contributes substantially to education. The article deals with the question of how the authors of educational programmes for children handled the difficult task of educating children while capturing their attention at the same time. This issue is examined using the example of selected German and Czech television programmes for children with the topic of biology, and attention is paid especially to the choice of language when working with specialised terms and to the specific procedures of defining or explaining them. Also monitored is whether or not the strategy of introducing new specialised terms in the analysed children programmes is different in terms of quality from the strategies applied in popular science programmes for adults with comparable topics.