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Dirk Steuernagel
(2009)
Dirk Steuernagel ist Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt im Rahmen des Schwerpunktprogramms 1209 der DFG "Die hellenistische Polis als Lebensform"; während seiner vorangegangenen Assistentur in Leipzig war er Mitarbeiter des Programms 1080 der DFG "Römische Reichsreligion und Provinzialreligion: Globalisierungs- und Regionalisierungsprozesse in der antiken Religionsgeschichte". Sein laufendes Forschungsvorhaben gilt den griechischen Tempeln im Hellenismus als Instrumenten und Orten sozialer Kommunikation.
Der Begriff dessen, was Theater ist, hat sich in den letzten 20 Jahren sehr erweitert. Ich will zumindest einige der neuen Erscheinungsformen kurz skizzieren, weil sich mit ihnen die Wertung des Rollenbegriffs verändert hat. Der kompetenteste Chronist des Zustands, der Theaterwissenschaftler Hans-Thies Lehmann, nennt unser Theater 'postdramatisch', weil der Theatertext weithin kein dramatischer Text mehr ist, konstatiert aber natürlich, daß die älteren Ästhetiken weiterbestehen. Es gibt heute auf den Bühnen eine sehr pluralistische Koexistenz von Dramen, adaptierten Filmen und Romanen, szenisch umgesetzten Recherchen, Interviews, biografischen Narrationen, ungegliederten Textflächen, Shakespeares Sonetten, Marx' 'Kapital', Schillers 'Räubern' und des Märchens vom Geist in der Flasche … Wenn Sie als Literaturwissenschaftler und Soziologen ein Symposion zusammenrufen unter der Überschrift 'Person - Figur - Rolle - Typ', nehme ich an, daß es für Sie an diesen Begriffen etwas zu erörtern (zu retten, zu korrigieren, zu verwerfen) gibt. Das ist für mich als Praktiker nicht so. Diese Begriffe sind für uns unbeschadet ihres Alters unstrittig und werden benutzt wie die Werkzeugteile eines Baukastens. Es lohnt sich nicht, darüber zu reden. Worüber es sich zu reden lohnt, ist das, was dazugekommen ist.
Background: The invasive temperate mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus is a potential vector for various infectious diseases and therefore a target of vector control measures. Even though established in Germany, it is unclear whether the species has already reached its full distribution potential. The possible range of the species, its annual population dynamics, the success of vector control measures and future expansions due to climate change still remain poorly understood. While numerous studies on occurrence have been conducted, they used mainly presence data from relatively few locations. In contrast, we used experimental life history data to model the dynamics of a continuous stage-structured population to infer potential seasonal densities and ask whether stable populations are likely to establish over a period of more than one year. In addition, we used climate change models to infer future ranges. Finally, we evaluated the effectiveness of various stage-specific vector control measures.
Results: Aedes j. japonicus has already established stable populations in the southwest and west of Germany. Our models predict a spread of Ae. j. japonicus beyond the currently observed range, but likely not much further eastwards under current climatic conditions. Climate change models, however, will expand this range substantially and higher annual densities can be expected. Applying vector control measures to oviposition, survival of eggs, larvae or adults showed that application of adulticides for 30 days between late spring and early autumn, while ambient temperatures are above 9 °C, can reduce population density by 75%. Continuous application of larvicide showed similar results in population reduction. Most importantly, we showed that with the consequent application of a mixed strategy, it should be possible to significantly reduce or even extinguish existing populations with reasonable effort.
Conclusion: Our study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms concerning the establishment of stable populations in invasive species. In order to minimise the hazard to public health, we recommend vector control measures to be applied in ‘high risk areas’ which are predicted to allow establishment of stable populations to establish.
Background: α-mannosidosis is a rare, autosomal-recessive, lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficient activity of α-mannosidase. Typical symptoms include intellectual, motor and hearing impairment, facial coarsening, and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Ocular pathologies reported previously were mainly opacities of the cornea and lens, strabismus, and ocular motility disorders. However, retinal and optic nerve degeneration have been rarely described.
Methods: We report ocular findings of 32 patients with α-mannosidosis. We particularly concentrated on retinal abnormalities which we supported by posterior segment examination, fundus photography, and Spectral-Domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging.
Results: Tapeto-retinal degeneration with bone spicule formations in the peripheral retina or macular changes were seen in three patients (9.4%) on funduscopy; of these, two with optic nerve atrophy. Eight retinal images could be obtained by OCT or fundus photography; of these, six showed thinning of the outer retinal layers on OCT. Overall, optic nerve atrophy was seen in six patients (18.8%); of these, four with partial atrophy. Two patients had partial optic nerve atrophy with no retinal abnormalities on funduscopy. Cataract was seen in two (6.3%), corneal haze also in two patients (6.3%). Six patients (18.8%) had manifest strabismus, four (12.5%) nystagmus, and in five patients (15.6%) impaired smooth pursuit eye movements were seen.
Conclusion: Ocular pathologies are not exclusively confined to opacities of the cornea and lens or strabismus and ocular motility disorders but tapeto-retinal degeneration and optic nerve atrophy may be a common feature in α-mannosidosis. OCT technology helps detecting early outer retinal thinning which can progress with age and potentially leads to vision loss over time.
Background: There are no validated standardised clinical procedures for severity measurement of acute bronchitis in children. The "BSS-ped", a short version of the physician-rated assessment scale BSS (Bronchitis Severity Scale), can fill this gap, if it is valid.
Objective: To examine the scale´s validity.
Methods: Investigations were planned according to classical clinical-psychometric validity criteria including a formal competence evaluation of the scale´s authors and statistical analyses of data from 78 patients aged 1-6 and diagnosed with "acute bronchitis". Cross-validation was provided by analysis of data from 70 children with matching age, sex and diagnosis. All children were examined three times (day 0, 3-5 and 7) using the BSS-ped in addition to other clinical and psychometric monitoring procedures.
Results: The evidently high level of expertise of the scale’s authors substantiates pronounced content validity and relevance of the BSS-ped and its items. The validity criterion, i.e. to reflect the unidimensional severity of acute bronchitis and its change using the BSS-ped score, was fulfilled. There were substantial correlations with other scales measuring the current health-related quality of life, as well as satisfaction and success of treatment. Severity change prognoses for acute bronchitis under placebo and an active substance were correct. The BSS-ped was found to be a feasible instrument because it can be repeated at short intervals (minute range) without any special technical aids or extended training.
Conclusion: The BSS-ped is a valid procedure for measuring the severity of acute bronchitis in children.
Rhodopsins are the most universal biological light-energy transducers and abundant phototrophic mechanisms that evolved on Earth and have a remarkable diversity and potential for biotechnological applications. Recently, the first sodium-pumping rhodopsin KR2 from Krokinobacter eikastus was discovered and characterized. However, the existing structures of KR2 are contradictory, and the mechanism of Na+ pumping is not yet understood. Here, we present a structure of the cationic (non H+) light-driven pump at physiological pH in its pentameric form. We also present 13 atomic structures and functional data on the KR2 and its mutants, including potassium pumps, which show that oligomerization of the microbial rhodopsin is obligatory for its biological function. The studies reveal the structure of KR2 at nonphysiological low pH where it acts as a proton pump. The structure provides new insights into the mechanisms of microbial rhodopsins and opens the way to a rational design of novel cation pumps for optogenetics.
En 1943, Friedrich H. Tenbruck (1914-1994) obtient sa thèse de philosophe à l’Université de Marburg. Dans les années 1950, il se tourne vers la sociologie, devient entre autres pour quelques mois l’assistant de Max Horkheimer à l’Université de Francfort-sur-le-Main. Puis il occupe pendant cinq ans un poste de professeur assistant à Geneva/New York. Après son retour, en 1962, il est habilité à la direction de recherches avec un travail sur histoire et société en sociologie et sciences sociales à Fribourg, puis occupe à partir de 1963 la chaire de sociologie à l’Université de Francfort-sur-le-Main. En 1967, il devient professeur à l’Université de Tübingen. ...
Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for corneal decompensation following primary Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).
Methods: This was a retrospective case series of 15 patients that underwent DMEK surgery for corneal decompensation after failed DSAEK. Main outcome parameter was corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) after DMEK and DSAEK. Secondary outcome measures included central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), rebubbling rate, and primary graft failure after DMEK. Explanted DSAEK grafts were evaluated by light microscopy.
Results: The mean (±SD) time period between DSAEK and DMEK surgery was 15±8 months (range, 6–31 months). Preoperative CDVA was 1.72±0.62 (logMAR). After DMEK, CDVA improved significantly to 0.78±0.48 at 1 month and to 0.23±0.24 after 12 months (P=0.022). Visual acuity data after DMEK were significantly better compared to preoperative values. The average CCT after DMEK decreased significantly from 869±210 µm (preoperative) to 505±45 µm (1 month postoperative) (P<0.001) and remained stable over 12 months. The ECD decreased from 2,589±209/mm2 (preoperative) to 1,691±589/mm2 (12 months postoperative). Rebubbling DMEK was required in three patients (=20%).
Conclusion: DMEK represents a feasible and safe procedure in achieving better functional results compared to DSAEK. Visual acuity and optical quality can be effectively reestablished after unsuccessful primary DSAEK surgery even in patients with long-standing corneal decompensation. Further investigations are required to validate the preliminary clinical findings.