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Im Folgenden werden die wichtigsten Fragen und Probleme, die die Genealogie der modernen Lesarten und 'rewritings' der Fesselung Isaaks aufwirft, sowie einige interessante Funde, die ich in meiner Studie skizziert habe, vorgestellt. Zum Schluss soll eine zentrale Frage erhoben werden: Wann genau wurde Isaak, das Möchtegern-Opfer im Buch Genesis, "der Grundpfeiler unseres religiösen Bundes" in Yehoshuas Worten, als Grundpfeiler des sog. modernen säkularen Nationalismus wiedererfunden?
Background and Objective: The slow delayed rectifier current (IKs) is important for cardiac action potential termination. The underlying channel is composed of Kv7.1 α-subunits and KCNE1 β-subunits. While most evidence suggests a role of KCNE1 transmembrane domain and C-terminus for the interaction, the N-terminal KCNE1 polymorphism 38G is associated with reduced IKs and atrial fibrillation (a human arrhythmia). Structure-function relationship of the KCNE1 N-terminus for IKs modulation is poorly understood and was subject of this study.
Methods: We studied N-terminal KCNE1 constructs disrupting structurally important positively charged amino-acids (arginines) at positions 32, 33, 36 as well as KCNE1 constructs that modify position 38 including an N-terminal truncation mutation. Experimental procedures included molecular cloning, patch-clamp recording, protein biochemistry, real-time-PCR and confocal microscopy.
Results: All KCNE1 constructs physically interacted with Kv7.1. IKs resulting from co-expression of Kv7.1 with non-atrial fibrillation ‘38S’ was greater than with any other construct. Ionic currents resulting from co-transfection of a KCNE1 mutant with arginine substitutions (‘38G-3xA’) were comparable to currents evoked from cells transfected with an N-terminally truncated KCNE1-construct (‘Δ1-38’). Western-blots from plasma-membrane preparations and confocal images consistently showed a greater amount of Kv7.1 protein at the plasma-membrane in cells co-transfected with the non-atrial fibrillation KCNE1-38S than with any other construct.
Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that N-terminal arginines in positions 32, 33, 36 of KCNE1 are important for reconstitution of IKs. Furthermore, our results hint towards a role of these N-terminal amino-acids in membrane representation of the delayed rectifier channel complex.
Foamy viruses (FVs) are distinct retroviruses classified as Spumaretrovirinae in contrast to the other retroviruses, the Orthoretrovirinae. As a unique feature of FVs, Gag is not sufficient for sub-viral particle (SVP) release. In primate and feline FVs (PFV and FFV), particle budding completely depends on the cognate FV Env glycoproteins. It was recently shown that an artificially added N-terminal Gag myristoylation signal (myr-signal) overcomes this restriction in PFV inducing an Orthoretrovirus-like budding phenotype. Here we show that engineered, heterologous N-terminal myr-signals also induce budding of the distantly related FFV Gag. The budding efficiency depends on the myr-signal and its location relative to the N-terminus of Gag. When the first nine amino acid residues of FFV Gag were replaced by known myr-signals, the budding efficiency as determined by the detection of extracellular SVPs was low. In contrast, adding myr-signals to the intact N-terminus of FFV Gag resulted in a more efficient SVP release. Importantly, budding of myr-Gag proteins was sensitive towards inhibition of cellular N-myristoyltransferases. As expected, the addition or insertion of myr-signals that allowed Env-independent budding of FFV SVPs also retargeted Gag to plasma membrane-proximal sites and other intracellular membrane compartments. The data confirm that membrane-targeted FV Gag has the capacity of SVP formation.
Contributing to NABE News - Guidelines for Writers 2 ; Letter from the President 4 ; Academy for Teacher Excellence: Promoting Equity for the Preparation of Latino Teachers - Belinda Bustos Flores,
Lorena Claeys, and Ellen Riojas Clark 5 ; Asian and Pacific Islanders Learning Style Preferences of Asian Students - Clara C. Park 9 ; Using Culturally Relevant Spanish/English Bilingual Books with Emergent Bilinguals - Yvonne Freeman, David Freeman, and Ann Ebe 11 ; L2 Literacy Practice through Dialogue Journals - Deoksoon Kim 14 ; Indigenous Bilingual Education Forming the Forms of Higher Intelligence: Further than Standards Terese Fayden 16 ; Vocabulary Activities for English Learners Mira Pak, Ph.D. 20 ; Dar Luz — A Transformative Vision for Bilingual Education Teacher Preparation - Belinda Bustos Flores, Rosa Hernández Sheets, and Ellen Riojas Clark 23 ; Grayson Charter School’s Journey - Kathy Pon, Irma Bravo Lawrence, and Arturo Duran 25
Guidelines for Writers 2 ; Letter from the President 4 ; Poverty is the Problem that Must be Solved… Our Schools are not broken - Stephen Krashen 5 ; Is Multicultural Education Relevant Today? - Christine Sleeter 8 ; Revitalizing Indigenous Language Using Picture Books - Rita Scotti Juric & Nada Poropat 10 ; Success Without Bilingual Education? Acquisiton of Academic Language in English through Comprehensible Input - Francisco Ramos & Stephen Krashen 13 ; Becoming Transnational: Filipino ELL Youth’s School Adaptation - Jeom Ja Yeo, Ph.D. 15
Contributing to NABE News - Guidelines for Writers 2 ; Letter from the President 4 ; Words of the World: Will Globalization Hurt World Languages? - Mariella Espinoza-Herold & Navin Singh 5 ; Bilingual Education in Italian Schools in Croatia: Diachronic and Synchronic Official Position and the New Linguistic Situation - Rita Scotti Juric & Nada Poropat 9 ; Globalization and the Changing of Parental Perceptions towards Multilingualism - Navin Singh & Mariella Esppinoza-Herold 12 ; Asian and Pacific Islanders: How about a National Consortium to Prepare Asian Bilingual Teachers? Clara C. Park 14 ; Personal Privilege Statement Texas Representative - Ana Hernandez Luna 16 ; NABE 2011 Conference highlights 17 ; Outstanding Citizen of the Year Award 19 ; Outstanding Dissertation Winners 20 ; Student Essay Winners 22 ; Bilingual Teacher of the Year 25 ; El desarrollo del español para maestros en programas de educación dual- Luis A. Rosado, Lidia Morris & Kelly A. Rosado 26 ; Indigenous Bilingual Education Honoring Our Heritage - Jon Reyhne 29
Contributing to NABE News - Guidelines for Writers 2 ; Letter from the President 4 ; Tapping into the Funds of Knowledge of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students and Families - Carla Amaro-Jiménez and Peggy Semingson 5 ; A Recipe for Student Achievement: Successful and Appropriate Assessment for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Learners - Patricia Rice Doran and Amy Mazur 9 ; Understanding Misconceptions to Provide Effective Bilingual Education - Yvonne and David Freeman 13 ; Indigenous Bilingual Education: Native Perspectives On Education in Alaska - Jon Reyhner 17
Nachruf auf Ingo Fellrath
(2011)
Am 6. April 2010 ist Ingo Fellrath gestorben. Mit ihm ging ein profilierter, gesellschaftlich und politisch engagierter und überaus gründlicher Forscher der demokratischen Traditionen in der deutschen Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts und der deutsch-französischen Beziehungen bis ins 20. Jahrhundert von uns.