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The paper explicates the notions of topic, contrastive topic, and focus as used in the analysis of Hungarian. Based on distributional criteria, topic and focus are claimed to represent distinct structural positions in the left periphery of the Hungarian sentence, associated with logical rather than discourse functions. The topic is interpreted as the logical subject of predication. The focus is analyzed as a derived main predicate, specifying the referential content of the set denoted by the backgrounded post-focus section of the sentence. The exhaustivity associated with the focus and the existential presupposition associated with the background are shown to be properties following from their specificational predication relation.
Ausgehend von einer Definition der materialen Topik soll in diesem Aufsatz untersucht werden, welche Position Topik einerseits als selbst-organisierendes System, andrerseits als intentional eingesetzte Argumentationsstrategie in der Kommunikation zwischen Leser und Text einnimmt. Dieser Leseakt kann letzten Endes als Interaktion zweier topischer Systeme gedeutet werden, jedoch ohne dass sich dabei die Rezeption eines Textes in vollständiger Kontingenz verliert.
In the area of the Modern Greek verb, phenomena which consistently appear are headmarking, many potential slots before and/or after the verb root, noun and adverb incorporation, addition of adverbial elements by means of affixes, a large inventory of bound morphemes, verbal words as minimal sentences, etc. These features relate Modern Greek to polysynthesis. The main bulk of this paper is dedicated to the comparison of affixal and incorporation patterns between Modern Greek and the polysynthetic languages Abkhaz, Cayuga, Chukchi, Mohawk, and Nahuatl. Ultimately, a typological outlook for Modern Greek is proposed.
It is the aim of this paper to evaluate the various types of sentential complementation available in terms of complement control cross-linguistically. I will propose a lexical classification of control classes on the basis of the instantiated subordination patterns. I want to focus on an important distinction, namely that of structural vs. inherent control. Structural control is found with predicates that select a clausal complement whose structure requires argument identification and thus 'induces' control. Infinitival complements are prototypical cases for this kind of control because in most languages infinitival complements can only 'survive' in structures of control or raising. The interesting question is which predicates license structural control and which cross-linguistic differences emerge between potential licensors. Inherent control is found with predicates that require control readings independent of the instantiated structure of sentential complementation (e.g. a directive predicate such as zwingen 'force'). In addition, I will recapitulate and add arguments for the dual lexical-syntactic nature of complement control.
Traces
(2007)
O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma amostra de pesquisas com a língua alemã nos trabalhos de grau da pós-graduação (nível de mestrado) envolvendo a tradução. Seguindo uma tradição que, na Universidade de São Paulo, remonta aos anos de 1960, tais trabalhos têm por objetivo apresentar a tradução de textos inéditos, acompanhados de notas e comentários, e – ao contrário dos trabalhos realizados àquela época – são ancorados numa perspectiva teórica dos Estudos da Tradução (Translation Studies na nomenclatura internacional). A partir de três relatos de pesquisas em andamento, procura-se revelar os bastidores do trabalho com os textos, bem como a fase de análise do texto a ser traduzido, que é pautada e aprofundada por leituras teóricas e realizada paralela e concomitantemente à fase de tradução propriamente dita. Esta última, empreendida em várias etapas, enfoca a cada vez uma dificuldade específica dos diferentes níveis da análise lingüística – e, dependendo do caso, também literária – e sugere a redação de notas, comentários e diferentes tentativas de reescritura. Ao final do processo, as notas e comentários são selecionados e relacionados com a perspectiva teórica, para que só então se processe a redação final da Dissertação, cuja diretriz é construída numa direção que vai da prática de traduzir para a reflexão.
Multiple nominative constructions (MNCs) in Korean have two main sub- types: possessive and adjunct types. This paper shows that a grammar allow- ing the interaction of declarative constraints on types of signs - in particular, having constructions (phrases and clauses) - can provide a robust and efficient way of encoding generalizations for two different MNCs. The feasibility of the grammar developed here has been checked with its implementation into the LKB (Linguistic Knowledge Building) system
This paper aims to provide type hierarchies for Korean passive constructions on the basis of their forms within the HPSG framework. The type hierarchies proposed in this paper are based on the classification of Korean passives; suffixal passives, auxiliary passives, inherent passives, and passive light verb constructions. Verbs are divided into five subtypes in accordance with the possibility of passivization. We also provide type hierarchies for verbal nouns and passive light verbs.