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La influencia de Marcel Proust en el pensamiento de Benjamin fue tal que llevó al filósofo berlinés a plantearse el peligro de una pérdida de la independencia intelectual de su propio pensamiento. Benjamin no solamente tradujo parte de "À la recherche du temps perdu", sino que recuperó imágenes y conceptos del novelista que incorporó a su pensamiento filosófico. Es de una importancia destacada el rol de ciertos conceptos proustianos en "Das Passagen-Werk" en donde Benjamin recupera su noción de despertar en términos políticos. Este trabajo se propone mostrar entonces las continuidades y rupturas de la lectura benjaminiana del novelista francés, poniendo especial interés en su significación política.
O kognitivnim temeljima položaja modifikatora, determinatora i kvantifikatora u imenskoj sintagmi
(2014)
U središtu je pozornosti ovoga rada redoslijed pridjevnih (premodifikacijskih), determinacijskih te kvantifikacijskih sastavnica višestrukosloženih imenskih sintagmi u hrvatskom jeziku. Metodologijom kognitivne gramatike (Langacker 1987, 1991, Taylor 2002, Radden i Dirven 2007) na nekoliko se tipičnih primjera najprije objašnjavaju značenjski aspekti koji uvjetuju neutralan redoslijed njihovih sastavnica, a zatim se preispituje manja ili veća neovjerenost pojedinih konstrukcija pri promjeni redoslijeda sastavnica. Ključnim semantičko-pragmatičkim čimbenikom koji uvjetuje veću ili manju ovjerenost takvih konstrukcija, a uvjetovanu promjenom redoslijeda sastavnica, smatra se referencija odnosno ‘usidrenje’ (engl. grounding) koja se odnosi na uspostavljanje „mentalnoga kontakta” sudionika govornoga čina s referentom imenske sintagme. S obzirom na to posebna se pozornost posvećuje značenjskim razlikama između elemenata referencije – determinatora, relativnih i neodređenih apsolutnih kvantifikatora – te pridjevnih premodifikatora i određenih apsolutnih kvantifikatora (brojeva) koji to nisu.
Background: Evaluation of automated attenuation-based tube potential selection and its impact on image quality and radiation dose in CT (computed tomography) examinations for cancer staging.
Methods: A total of 110 (59 men, 51 women) patients underwent chest-abdomen-pelvis CT examinations; 55 using a fixed tube potential of 120 kV/current of 210 Reference mAs (using CareDose4D), and 55 using automated attenuation-based tube potential selection (CAREkV) also using a current of 210 Reference mAs. This evaluation was performed as a single-centre, observer-blinded retrospective analysis. Image quality was assessed by two readers in consensus. Attenuation, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were measured or calculated for objective image evaluation. For the evaluation of radiation exposure, dose-length-product (DLP) values were compared and Size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) values were calculated.
Results: Diagnostic image quality was obtained from all patients. The median DLP (703.5 mGy · cm, range 390–2203 mGy · cm) was 7.9% lower when using the algorithm compared with the standard 120 kV protocol (median 756 mGy · cm, range 345–2267 mGy · cm). A reduction in potential to 100 kV occurred in 32 cases; therefore, these patients received significantly lower radiation exposure compared with the 120 kV protocol.
Conclusion: Automated attenuation-based tube potential selection produces good diagnostic image quality in chest-abdomen-pelvis CT and reduces the patient’s overall radiation dose by 7.9% compared to the standard 120 kV protocol.
Der Beitrag untersucht Polyglossie als eine Form der ästhetischen Polyphonie. Damit rücken die Aspekte der Vielstimmigkeit und Multiperspektivität in den Blick, poetologische Verfahren, die wesentlich die literarische Moderne des 20. Jahrhunderts prägen. Die zivilisatorische Moderne ist gekennzeichnet durch Dialogizität und Vielstimmigkeit, Dezentralisierung und Heterogenität, Simultanität und Interferenz. Über eine Ästhetik des Polyphonen re-lektieren literarische Texte so Merkmale einer modernen Lebens- und Erfahrungswelt, was anhand von Alfred Döblins modernem Großstadtepos "Berlin Alexanderplatz" veranschaulicht wird.
MTO1-deficient mouse model mirrors the human phenotype showing complex I defect and cardiomyopathy
(2014)
Recently, mutations in the mitochondrial translation optimization factor 1 gene (MTO1) were identified as causative in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis and respiratory chain defect. Here, we describe an MTO1-deficient mouse model generated by gene trap mutagenesis that mirrors the human phenotype remarkably well. As in patients, the most prominent signs and symptoms were cardiovascular and included bradycardia and cardiomyopathy. In addition, the mutant mice showed a marked worsening of arrhythmias during induction and reversal of anaesthesia. The detailed morphological and biochemical workup of murine hearts indicated that the myocardial damage was due to complex I deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, neurological examination was largely normal in Mto1-deficient mice. A translational consequence of this mouse model may be to caution against anaesthesia-related cardiac arrhythmias which may be fatal in patients.
"Wie so oft, war es auch in Ihrem Falle leichter, Unrecht zu tun, als dieses Unrecht wieder gutzumachen." Mit dieser bitteren Bemerkung fasste im Oktober 1957 der Dekan der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät, der Ökonom Prof. Dr. Hans Möller, in einem Entschuldigungsschreiben an Walter Braeuer ein Rehabilitierungsverfahren zusammen, das bereits mehr als zehn Jahre zuvor im Januar 1946 gestartet war.
The growing role of IT in real estate asset management – the appraisal process as a master sample
(2014)
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly primary brain malignancy. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), which have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into tumor lineages, are believed to cause tumor recurrence due to their resistance to current therapies. A subset of GSCs is marked by cell surface expression of CD133, a glycosylated pentaspan transmembrane protein. The study of CD133-expressing GSCs has been limited by the relative paucity of genetic tools that specifically target them. Here, we present CD133-LV, a lentiviral vector presenting a single chain antibody against CD133 on its envelope, as a vehicle for the selective transduction of CD133-expressing GSCs. We show that CD133-LV selectively transduces CD133+ human GSCs in dose-dependent manner and that transduced cells maintain their stem-like properties. The transduction efficiency of CD133-LV is reduced by an antibody that recognizes the same epitope on CD133 as the viral envelope and by shRNA-mediated knockdown of CD133. Conversely, the rate of transduction by CD133-LV is augmented by overexpression of CD133 in primary human GBM cultures. CD133-LV selectively transduces CD133-expressing cells in intracranial human GBM xenografts in NOD.SCID mice, but spares normal mouse brain tissue, neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells and primary human astrocytes. Our findings indicate that CD133-LV represents a novel tool for the selective genetic manipulation of CD133-expressing GSCs, and can be used to answer important questions about how these cells contribute to tumor biology and therapy resistance.
The African species Cheiracanthium furculatum Karsch, 1879 was recognised as being introduced to Germany and is re-described and illustrated in the present study. C. tenuipes Roewer, 1961 is recognised as a junior synonym of C. africanum Lessert, 1921 (new synonymy); both subspecies of C. strasseni Strand, 1915, namely C. strasseni strasseni Strand, 1915 and C. strasseni aharonii Strand, 1915, are recognised as junior synonyms of C. mildei L. Koch, 1864 (new synonymies). Photographic images of the copulatory organs of the types of C. cretense Roewer, 1928, recently synonymised with C. mildei, are provided and discussed in the course of intraspecific variation in C. mildei. The female holotype of C. rehobothense Strand, 1915 is re-described and illustrated. Relations of C. rehobothense to other Cheiracanthium species are discussed.
This article reviews the most recent results concerning second harmonic generation (SHG) experiments of non-phase matchable and phase matchable powder samples at high pressures and explains the pressure dependence of the intensity of the SHG signal by correlating it to the ratio between the average coherence length and the average particle size. The examples discussed here include pressure-induced structural changes in quartz, ZnO, ice VII and KIO3. It is shown that the second harmonic generation technique is a unique tool for the detection of pressure-induced structural phase transitions. It is laboratory based and allows fast measurements. It is complementary to X-ray diffraction and provides additional information about the presence of an inversion center for unknown or controversially discussed structures at high pressure.
Karin Baumgartner diskutiert Strategien zur Bewältigung der adligen Legitimationskrise nach den preußischen Landreformen und gegenüber einem bislang unbekannten Rechtfertigungsdruck, der aus einer finanziell oftmals prekären Lage resultierte und seitens eines Bürgertums ausgeübt wird, das als produktive und staatstragende Klasse auf den historischen Schauplatz drängt. Als Gegner des Smithschen Liberalismus und vor allem der französischen Freiheitsdoktrin verteidigt der romantische Staatstheoretiker Adam Müller dabei das positive Recht als organisch gewachsene Institution, deren abrupte Veränderung zugunsten einer entfesselten frühkapitalistischen Produktivität die tradierte natürliche Balance zwischen gewerblichem und landwirtschaftlichem Sektor störe und umstürzlerische Auswirkungen nach sich ziehen könne. Müller sei der Erste, so Karin Baumgartner, der Klasse und Geschlecht aneinanderkopple und damit "Caroline Fouqué Argumente liefert, um die Legitimationskrise des Adels in ihren Romanen als männlich-weibliche Beziehungskrise zu verarbeiten." Gegen den bürgerlichen Vorwurf der Unproduktivität führe Adam Müller darüber hinaus einen "Geist" und eine "Tradition" als allein durch den Adel einzubringende ideelle Ressourcen ins Spiel, die letztlich Stabilität des Gemeinwesens garantieren könnten.
Walter Benjamins Name taucht in Kracauers fragmentarisch gebliebenem Spätwerk 'History - The Last Things before the Last' (1969) nur wenige Male auf, jedoch finden sich unter den Materialien und Vorarbeiten zu diesem Werk, die in seinem Nachlass im Deutschen Literaturarchiv in Marbach aufbewahrt werden, einige Lektürenotizen zu Benjamins Thesen "Über den Begriff der Geschichte". Ein Briefumschlag mit Karteikarten versammelt eine Reihe von Kommentaren, die es erlauben, Kracauers Blick auf diesen Text zu rekonstruieren. Dies erscheint umso interessanter, als es sich hier um die Rezeption eines sehr gut informierten zeitweiligen Weggefährten und Schicksalsgenossen handelt, der sich als Überlebender in den 1960er Jahren, etwas mehr als zwei Jahrzehnte nach der Entstehung von "Über den Begriff der Geschichte", manchen ihrer einst gemeinsamen Fragestellungen erneut zuwendet.
The forest, savanna, and grassland biomes, and the transitions between them, are expected to undergo major changes in the future, due to global climate change. Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) are very useful to understand vegetation dynamics under present climate, and to predict its changes under future conditions. However, several DGVMs display high uncertainty in predicting vegetation in tropical areas. Here we perform a comparative analysis of three different DGVMs (JSBACH, LPJ-GUESS-SPITFIRE and aDGVM) with regard to their representation of the ecological mechanisms and feedbacks that determine the forest, savanna and grassland biomes, in an attempt to bridge the knowledge gap between ecology and global modelling. Model outcomes, obtained including different mechanisms, are compared to observed tree cover along a mean annual precipitation gradient in Africa. Through these comparisons, and by drawing on the large number of recent studies that have delivered new insights into the ecology of tropical ecosystems in general, and of savannas in particular, we identify two main mechanisms that need an improved representation in the DGVMs. The first mechanism includes water limitation to tree growth, and tree-grass competition for water, which are key factors in determining savanna presence in arid and semi-arid areas. The second is a grass-fire feedback, which maintains both forest and savanna occurrences in mesic areas. Grasses constitute the majority of the fuel load, and at the same time benefit from the openness of the landscape after fires, since they recover faster than trees. Additionally, these two mechanisms are better represented when the models also include tree life stages (adults and seedlings), and distinguish between fire-prone and shade-tolerant savanna trees, and fire-resistant and shade-intolerant forest trees. Including these basic elements could improve the predictive ability of the DGVMs, not only under current climate conditions but also and especially under future scenarios.
We examined substrate-induced conformational changes in MjNhaP1, an archaeal electroneutral Na+/H+-antiporter resembling the human antiporter NHE1, by electron crystallography of 2D crystals in a range of physiological pH and Na+ conditions. In the absence of sodium, changes in pH had no major effect. By contrast, changes in Na+ concentration caused a marked conformational change that was largely pH-independent. Crystallographically determined, apparent dissociation constants indicated ∼10-fold stronger Na+ binding at pH 8 than at pH 4, consistent with substrate competition for a common ion-binding site. Projection difference maps indicated helix movements by about 2 Å in the 6-helix bundle region of MjNhaP1 that is thought to contain the ion translocation site. We propose that these movements convert the antiporter from the proton-bound, outward-open state to the Na+-bound, inward-open state. Oscillation between the two states would result in rapid Na+/H+ antiport.
U ovome će se radu dati uvod u optimalnosnu teoriju (engl. Optimality Theory, Prince i Smolensky 1991/1993, 2004), jednu od najznačajnijih suvremenih teorija jezika. Iako uživa najveći ugled među fonolozima, prikazat će je se kao opću jezičnu teoriju s naglaskom na njezinu primjenu u fonologiji. Prikazat će se kontekst njezina nastanka s obzirom na tada vodeću generativnu fonološku teoriju i naravnu fonologiju te će se predstaviti njezino polazište i ciljevi. Objasnit će se temeljni pojmovi optimalnosne teorije (ograničenja, obilježenost, vjernost, optimalnost) i pretpostavljeni model gramatike (input, output, generator, evaluator) te će se uvesti u princip jezične analize u njezinu teorijskom okviru, a analiza će se oprimjeriti na dvjema fonološkim pojavama – jednačenju šumnika po zvučnosti u suglasničkome skupu i obezvučivanju na kraju riječi.
5-Lipoxygenase (5LO) is a key enzyme in biosynthesis of leukotrienes (LTs), lipid mediators of inflammation. To study the roles of the 5LO accessory proteins coactosin-like protein (CLP) and 5LO-activating protein (FLAP), we knocked down these proteins in human monocytic cells. Our results show that expression of CLP was required for full cellular 5LO activity when cells were activated with Ca2+ ionophore, as well as with a physiological stimulus (lipopolysaccharide followed by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine). During LT biosynthesis in stimulated cells, 5LO typically translocates to the nuclear membrane. This redistribution, from cytosolic to perinuclear, was clearly compromised in both CLP- and FLAP-deficient cells. Our results suggest that the CLP–5LO interaction may be a target for reduced LT production.
Background: Risk stratification, detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), and implementation of novel therapeutic agents have improved outcome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but survival of adult patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remains unsatisfactory. Thus, novel molecular insights and therapeutic approaches are urgently needed.
Methods: We studied the impact of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11b (BCL11b), a key regulator in normal T-cell development, in T-ALL patients enrolled into the German Multicenter Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Study Group trials (GMALL; n = 169). The mutational status (exon 4) of BCL11b was analyzed by Sanger sequencing and mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition gene expression profiles generated on the Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (affymetrix) were used to investigate BCL11b low and high expressing T-ALL patients.
Results: We demonstrate that BCL11b is aberrantly expressed in T-ALL and gene expression profiles reveal an association of low BCL11b expression with up-regulation of immature markers. T-ALL patients characterized by low BCL11b expression exhibit an adverse prognosis [5-year overall survival (OS): low 35% (n = 40) vs. high 53% (n = 129), P = 0.02]. Within the standard risk group of thymic T-ALL (n = 102), low BCL11b expression identified patients with an unexpected poor outcome compared to those with high expression (5-year OS: 20%, n = 18 versus 62%, n = 84, P < 0.01). In addition, sequencing of exon 4 revealed a high mutation rate (14%) of BCL11b.
Conclusions: In summary, our data of a large adult T-ALL patient cohort show that low BCL11b expression was associated with poor prognosis; particularly in the standard risk group of thymic T-ALL. These findings can be utilized for improved risk prediction in a significant proportion of adult T-ALL patients, which carry a high risk of standard therapy failure despite a favorable immunophenotype.
Die Mitte der 1990er Jahre erfolgte Erfassung von Sedum villosum in Hessen wurde wiederholt. Die Vorkommen in der Rhön sind durch verringerte Weideintensität rückläufig. Ein Vorkommen ist hier offenbar erloschen. Das Vorkommen im Unteren Vogelsberg besteht weiterhin, obwohl die Standortbedingungen an einer Waldstraße ungünstig erscheinen. Das Vorkommen im Vorderen Vogelsberg ist erloschen. Ein zwischenzeitlich entdecktes Vorkommen in der Westhessischen Senke bei Alsfeld auf einem Basaltweg ist stabil; allerdings ist die Zukunftsprognose für dieses Vorkommen auf Grund von Brache negativ. Über die ersten Erfahrungen bei der Wiederansiedlung aus einer Erhaltungskultur wird berichtet.
Autor, motiviran ponajprije poznatom pretpostavkom o tome da je Marko Marulić možda studirao pravne znanosti, prvo daje pregled dosadašnjih ograničenih pokušaja da se govori o pravnoj terminologiji u Marulićevu opusu na hrvatskom jeziku. Poslije se, s obzirom na to da se u prikazanoj literaturi katkada implicira (ali i eksplicira) da se Marulić koristi tim terminima zato što je bio pravnik, pretragom spomenutog opusa u potrazi za potencijalnim pravnim terminima pokušava utvrditi može li se takvo razmišljanje bolje potkrijepiti ili pak opovrgnuti. Na kraju se raspravlja o metodološkim problemima, ograničenjima, ali i mogućnostima poboljšanja takvih filoloških istraživanja.
The study of neutron-induced reactions is of high relevance in a wide variety of fields, ranging from stellar nucleosynthesis and fundamental nuclear physics to applications of nuclear technology. In nuclear energy, high accuracy neutron data are needed for the development of Generation IV fast reactors and accelerator driven systems, these last aimed specifically at nuclear waste incineration, as well as for research on innovative fuel cycles. In this context, a high luminosity Neutron Time Of Flight facility, n_TOF, is operating at CERN since more than a decade, with the aim of providing new, high accuracy and high resolution neutron cross-sections. Thanks to the features of the neutron beam, a rich experimental program relevant to nuclear technology has been carried out so far. The program will be further expanded in the near future, thanks in particular to a new high-flux experimental area, now under construction.
The n_TOF facility operates at CERN with the aim of addressing the request of high accuracy nuclear data for advanced nuclear energy systems as well as for nuclear astrophysics. Thanks to the features of the neutron beam, important results have been obtained on neutron induced fission and capture cross sections of U, Pu and minor actinides. Recently the construction of another beam line has started; the new line will be complementary to the first one, allowing to further extend the experimental program foreseen for next measurement campaigns.
Das Thema des Beitrags ist praktisch orientiert und knüpft an das VEGA Projekt „Verbale Kollokationen im Deutschen und Slowakischen“ unter der Leitung von Prof. Peter Ďurčo am Institut für Germanistik der Universität der hl. Kyrill und Method in Trnava an. Das Projekt setzt sich zum Ziel, verbale Kollokationen zu analysieren und zu beschreiben. Es setzt also voraus, dass man die Kollokabilität der sprachlichen Mittel definieren und messen kann...
Die Ermittlung und Bewertung der Auswirkungen von Stickstoffeinträgen in der FFH-Verträglichkeitsprüfung ist in Deutschland seit fast zehn Jahren Gegenstand einer intensiven Fachdiskussion. Zuletzt hat sich ein Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) mit dieser Frage beschäftigt und eine Fachkonvention für den Projekttyp Straße erarbeitet. Diese Fachkonvention, die auch auf andere Projekttypen übertragbar ist, basiert grundsätzlich auf dem Maßstab der Critical Loads zur Beschreibung der Empfindlichkeit von FFH-Lebensräumen gegenüber Stickstoffeintrag. Liegt die gebietsspezifische Gesamtbelastung mit Stickstoffeinträgen über dem standort- und vegetationstypspezifisch zu ermittelnden Critical Load, so wird für die FFH-Verträglichkeitsprüfung ein mehrstufiges Schwellenwertkonzept zur Bestimmung von irrelevanten bzw. bagatellhaften Zusatzbelastungen empfohlen: Unterschieden wird ein vorhabenbezogenes absolutes Abschneidekriterium von 0,3 kg N ha-1a-1 und eine rezeptorbezogene Bagatellschwelle von 3% des jeweiligen Critical Loads. Beide Schwellenwerte sind als sehr niedrig und der Zielsetzung der FFH-Richtlinie entsprechend vorsorgeorientiert einzustufen.Mit dem Bewertungsansatz werden alle Anforderungen, die sich aus den fachlichen und rechtlichen Maßstäben für die FFH-Verträglichkeitsprüfung ergeben, berücksichtigt. Zugleich handelt es sich um einen praxistauglichen Bewertungsansatz, der auch dem Grundsatz der Verhältnismäßigkeit Rechnung trägt. Das vorhabenbezogene Abschneidekriterium soll für jedes zu genehmigende Vorhaben gelten. Für die Größenordnung von 0,3kg N ha-1a-1 für den vorhabenbezogenen Stickstoffeintrag in ein FFH-Gebiet sprechen verschiedene Argumente: Einträge in dieser Größenordnung liegen deutlich unterhalb der messtechnischen Erfassbarkeit und deutlich unterhalb jeder bekannten Schwelle von Zusatzbelastungen, die negative Wirkungen für die Biodiversität auslösen können; unterhalb dieser Größenordnung ist eine Ermittlung von Belastungen und Beeinträchtigungen mit derzeit verfügbaren Modellen und Eingangsdaten auch aufgrund der Unsicherheiten und fehlenden statistischen Signifikanz nicht mehr sinnvoll möglich. Zusatzbelastungen eines Vorhabens in dieser Größenordnung stellen somit lediglich ein theoretisches Risiko dar und können keine erheblichen Beeinträchtigungen im Sinne der FFH-RL auslösen. Somit können auch nur diejenigen projektbezogenen Zusatzbelastungen, die oberhalb dieses Abschneidekriteriums liegen, für eine kumulative Prüfung mit weiteren Projekten und deren gemeinsamer Wirkung geprüft werden. Die Bagatellschwelle von 3% des Critical Loads wird demgegenüber gebietsbezogen angewendet und kann daher auch durch das Zusammenwirken mehrerer einzelner Vorhaben überschritten werden. Die Anwendung soll unabhängig von der Höhe der Überschreitung der Critical Loads in der Gesamtbelastung möglich sein. Die Bagatellschwelle ist an der spezifischen Stickstoffempfindlichkeit der FFH Lebensräume, die durch die Critical Loads vorsorgeorientiert beschrieben wird, ausgerichtet. Eine Auswertung der Ergebnisse der Wirkungsforschung, insbesondere zu Randeffekten entlang von Straßen, hat ergeben, dass der Wert von 3% des maßgeblichen Critical Loads sicher unterhalb von feststellbaren negativen Wirkungen auf den Erhaltungszustand von FFH-Lebensräumen liegt.
Na tragu učenja praške funkcionalne (aktualne) rečenične perspektive o osnovnom i aktualiziranom redu riječi razmatrat će se redoslijed sastavnica u složenim strukturama (subordiniranima i koordiniranima). U prvome redu zanimat će nas poredak surečenica (klauza) u sastavu zavisnosložene rečenice. Postavlja se naime pitanje čime sve može biti uvjetovana anteponiranost zavisne surečenice (tzv. inverzija), i to u različitim tipovima tekstova odnosno komunikacijskim situacijama (npr. u akademskom/ znanstvenom i/ili predavačkom diskursu, potom u privatnim razgovorima itd.). U tu svrhu pozornost ćemo obratiti na primjere poput ovih: Kao što je naslovom najavljeno, bavit ćemo se složenim rečenicama.; Kako bismo ubrzali objavljivanje zbornika, želja nam je što prije skupiti radove.; Kao što je prethodno rečeno, nastava počinje u listopadu.; Ako ne prekineš s glupostima, odlazim!; Dok ne ispraviš jedinice, ništa od izlazaka! i sl. Što se pak nezavisnosloženih rečenica tiče, ponajprije ćemo se suočiti s pitanjem utvrđivanja primarnog redoslijeda sastavnica (Sjedim i razmišljam. ili Razmišljam i sjedim.), da bismo potom pokušali utvrditi moguće razloge remećenja toga redoslijeda (npr. Umro – brao trešnje i pao sa stabla. prema Popeo se, brao trešnje, pao sa stabla, umro.). Naposljetku budući da pristajemo uz gledište da se već složena rečenica može smatrati činjenicom teksta (J. Silić), ali i zbog toga što se aktualizirani red riječi/komponenata ostvaruje upravo u (kon)tekstualno uključenoj rečenici, u svjetlu ćemo novije lingvistike teksta (R. de Beaugrande i W. Dressler) o redoslijedu komponenata promišljati kao o kohezivnom sredstvu.
Recent density functional theory (DFT) calculations for KFe2As2 have been shown to be insufficient to satisfactorily describe angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements as well as observed de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) frequencies. In the present work, we extend DFT calculations based on the full-potential linear augmented plane-wave method by dynamical mean field theory (DFT+DMFT) to include correlation effects beyond the local density approximation. We present results for two sets of reported crystal structures. Our calculations indicate that KFe2As2 is a moderately correlated metal with a mass renormalization factor of the Fe $3{\rm d}$ orbitals between 1.6 and 2.7. Furthermore, the obtained shape and size of the Fermi surface are in good agreement with ARPES measurements and we observe some topological changes with respect to DFT calculations such as the opening of an inner hole cylinder at the Z point. As a result, our calculated dHvA frequencies differ greatly from existing DFT results and qualitatively agree with experimental data. On this basis, we argue that correlation effects are important to understand the -presently under debate- nature of the superconducting state in KFe2As2.
ND3, ND1 and 39kDa subunits are more exposed in the de-active form of bovine mitochondrial complex I
(2014)
An intriguing feature of mitochondrial complex I from several species is the so-called A/D transition, whereby the idle enzyme spontaneously converts from the active (A) form to the de-active (D) form. The A/D transition plays an important role in tissue response to the lack of oxygen and hypoxic deactivation of the enzyme is one of the key regulatory events that occur in mitochondria during ischaemia. We demonstrate for the first time that the A/D conformational change of complex I does not affect the macromolecular organisation of supercomplexes in vitro as revealed by two types of native electrophoresis. Cysteine 39 of the mitochondrially-encoded ND3 subunit is known to become exposed upon de-activation. Here we show that even if complex I is a constituent of the I+III2+IV (S1) supercomplex, cysteine 39 is accessible for chemical modification in only the D-form. Using lysine-specific fluorescent labelling and a DIGE-like approach we further identified two new subunits involved in structural rearrangements during the A/D transition: ND1 (MT-ND1) and 39kDa (NDUFA9). These results clearly show that structural rearrangements during de-activation of complex I include several subunits located at the junction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, in the region of the quinone binding site. De-activation of mitochondrial complex I results in concerted structural rearrangement of membrane subunits which leads to the disruption of the sealed quinone chamber required for catalytic turnover.
"wir haben ein land aus worten." In Semier Insayif Roman 'Faruq' (2009) geht es um Worte und Erinnerungen, um das (Nicht-)Sprechen-Können und darum, Sprache und Gedächtnis zu verlieren. Es geht um das Schreiben, Sprechen und Rezitieren im Bereich des Dazwischen von Sprachen und Kulturen. Ausgehend von der Perspektive des Ich-Erzählers im Text entfalten sich die Nuancen und Facetten des Lebens als Geschichten, als Texturen der Erinnerung und als eine Art Sprach- und Klanggewebe. Bezugnehmend auf eben diese poetischen und rhetorischen Aspekte des Textes wird eine Lektüre unternommen, die auf postkolonialen und dekonstruktiven Ansätzen wie auch auf Gedächtnistheorien basiert. Die Lektüre versucht sowohl auf die Anforderungen und Besonderheiten des Textes in allen Facetten des Dazwischens zu reagieren als auch jene Perspektiven zu ergründen, die für die zeitgenössische Entwicklung der sogenannten Migrationsliteratur signifikant sind.
An extensive survey of the relevant literature of dry grassland communities described for the territory of Serbia allowed us to check the validity and legitimacy of the nomenclature of this vegetation. Nomenclature rules of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature were strictly followed. The syntaxonomic affiliation of communities to higher syntaxa was assessed according to existing syntaxonomic schemes for Serbia and the position determined by the original source. Higher syntaxa followed the synsystem of the socalled “EuroVegChecklist”. We have highlighted problems and some disagreement with the existing classification of dry grassland communities in Europe. A total of 134 dry grassland communities have so far been registered for Serbia. This list of syntaxa may serve for further research of grassland vegetation and its appropriate positioning within a syntaxonomical scheme of Europe.
Schiller'in Edebiyat Görüşü
(2014)
Schiller'in edebiyat üzerine yazdığı makalesi "Über naive und sentimentalische Dichtung", Goethe ile yakın ve verimli dostluğuna dayanır. Mektuplaşmalarında eserleri hakkında karşılıklı ifadeleri bunu göstermektedir. Schiller'in çıkardığı "Die Horen" adlı edebi ve felsefi dergi, Goethe'nin katkısıyla nerdeyse Alman Klasisizminin program dergisi olmuştur. Felsefeye olan büyük merakı ile Schiller Goethe'nin eserlerini ve "Horen" dergisindeki yazılarını okuyunca, kendisi ile onun arasında önemli bir farkı keşfetmek durumunda kalmıştır. Doğalcı ve düşünselci edebiyat hakkında yazdığı görüşleri bunun kanıtlarıdır.
Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) due to C1 inhibitor deficiency is a rare but serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by spontaneous, recurrent attacks of swelling. The study objective was to characterize direct and indirect resource utilization associated with HAE from the patient perspective in Europe.
Methods: The study was conducted in Spain, Germany, and Denmark to assess the real-world experience of HAE via a cross-sectional survey of HAE patients, including direct and indirect resource utilization during and between attacks for patients and their caregivers over the past 6 months. A regression model examined predictors of medical resource utilization.
Results: Overall, 164 patients had an attack in the past 6 months and were included in the analysis. The most significant predictor of medical resource utilization was the severity of the last attack (OR 2.6; p < 0.001). Among patients who sought medical care during the last attack (23%), more than half utilized the emergency department. The last attack prevented patients from their normal activities an average of 4-12 hours. Patient and caregiver absenteeism increased with attack severity and frequency. Among patients who were working or in school (n = 120), 72 provided work/school absenteeism data, resulting in an estimated 20 days missing from work/school on average per year; 51% (n = 84) indicated that HAE has hindered their career/educational advancement.
Conclusion: HAE poses a considerable burden on patients and their families in terms of direct medical costs and indirect costs related to lost productivity. This burden is substantial at the time of attacks and in between attacks.
Seit Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts werden das Volkslied und die Ballade als Ausdruck der Natur verstanden, der unvermittelt und darum echt ist. Doch nicht nur editorische Eingriffe im Zuge der Herausgabe dieser zumeist nur vermeintlich mündlich tradierten Dichtung lassen die Echtheit der Texte problematisch erscheinen. In der Kunstballadendichtung bildet sich zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts der so genannte Volksliedton heraus. Die epigonale oder ironische Imitation dieses einfachen Stils kann nicht mehr im Paradigma der Herder'schen Ausdrucksästhetik verstanden werden. Insbesondere Heinrich Heines Lieder gelten als ironische Nachahmung volksliedhafter Dichtung und als Ausweis, dass diese Form von "Lied [...] keine authentische Kunst" sei.
Heine verhandelt die Problematik der Echtheit in seinen Schriften zu Volkslied und Ballade über die zentralen Begriffe des Diskurses - Einfachheit und Wahrhaftigkeit. Er verwirft diese Konzepte jedoch nicht einfach, sondern modifiziert sie. Heine, so soll im Folgenden gezeigt werden, variiert die Idee eines 'echten' Volksliedes, indem er den Gedanken ausprägt, bestimmte Texte stünden im Zeichen eines "Geist[es] der Volkslied-Formen". Die Problematik der Wahrhaftigkeit verhandelt Heine in 'Die romantische Schule' sowie in seinem Buch der Lieder im Bild der Kostümierung und Maskierung. Sie wird hier zur Frage der Ehrlichkeit und Treue, die interpersonell und kommunikativ gefasst ist.
If we take Benjamin's definitions to their logical conclusion, then the monad and the reproduced copy are set unequivocally into binary opposition, as we, the masses capable and most needful of action, are implicitly denied the potential for liberation through aesthetic experience. This denial could not have been his long-term intention. When we take into account the breadth of his writings in response to Fascism, and we look at the artistic movements, Dada in particular, that Benjamin defines as 'politicizing art,' it seems as though we risk too narrow a reading of Benjamin's theories by assuming the aura can be, or must be, done away with. Rather, I would argue that this moment of auratic interaction is crucial to effectively politicizing art at all. Mechanically-produced art, in order to function politically, must allow its audience the space necessary to step back, awaken their 'Geistesgegenwart', and take action 'before' the present moment is finished and past. The elimination of aura - as per Benjamin’s own definitions of aura - neuters the interaction this awakening requires. While Benjamin provides the framework and asks the right questions, when determining what will allow his definitions to realize their aims most fully, I submit that he draws his line in the wrong place.
Immatrikulationsfeiern gehörten zum festen Ritual der universitären Kultur, bis in den 1960er Jahren bewusst mit dieser Tradition gebrochen wurde. Heute werden die Studierenden an der Goethe-Universität beim "unistart" begrüßt. Ist diese Veranstaltung ein Brückenschlag zwischen Gegenwart und alten Zeiten oder eher ein Spiegel des sich wandelnden universitären Selbstverständnisses?
"Von einer Vereinigung des Christenthums mit der Philosophie kann ich mir nichts Bestimmtes denken", schreibt Friedrich Schleiermacher am 28. März 1801 an Friedrich Heinrich Christian Schwarz, den später nach Heidelberg berufenen Theologen und Pädagogen. "Was wollen Sie vereinigen, wo gar kein Streit ist? Die Religion kann nicht umhin, die philosophierende Anlage im Menschen anzuerkennen, und das tut sie auch wohl jetzt durchaus; und ebenso kann man die Philosophie nötigen, die religiöse Stimmung anzuerkennen, wenn sie sich gleich etwas ungebärdig dabei anstellt." Man glaubt in diesen Worten das irenische, zum Ausgleich geneigte Gemüt Schleiermachers zu vernehmen, welches gleichwohl nicht hat verhindern können, dass er mehrfach in seinem Leben in heftigen religiösen, politischen und literarischen Streit verwickelt wurde.
In seinen Worten klingt jedoch auch noch das Bewusstsein nach, dass die Harmonie von Philosophie und Religion, falls es sie überhaupt gibt, jedenfalls jüngeren Datums ist. Die Philosophie stellt sich immer noch ungebärdig dabei an, die religiöse Stimmung anzuerkennen. Umgekehrt scheint die Religion eben erst jetzt - um 1800 - ihren Frieden mit der philosophierenden Anlage im Menschen gemacht zu haben. Man muss hier nicht unbedingt an jene jahrtausendealte Tradition der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Philosophie und Religion denken, die wir heute noch mit dem Stichwort Athen vs. Jerusalem bezeichnen.
Es genügt, sich ans 17. und 18. Jahrhundert zu erinnern, an die philosophes, die kritischen Intellektuellen Frankreichs, die einen zähen, nach und nach immer besser organisierten Kampf gegen die katholische Kirche führen, oder an die nach der Massenflucht der Hugenotten aus Frankreich vor und nach 1685 und der Glorious Revolution (1688) besonders in England und den niederländischen vereinigten Provinzen intensiv und erbittert geführte Debatte über religiöse Toleranz und katholische wie protestantische Intoleranz.
Türkiye'de Akademik Açık Erişim Dergi Yayıncılığı ve Çeviribilim Alanındaki Açık Erişim Dergiler
(2014)
Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin akademik açık erişim dergi yayıncılığında geldiği noktayı ortaya koymak, 70'li yıllardan itibaren dilbilim ve filolojiden ayrılarak kendi bilimsel çerçevesini çizen ve kendi bilimsel iletişim sistemini oluşturan Çeviribilim alanının, bilimsel iletişim sisteminin en önemli araçlarından biri olan akademik açık erişim dergicilik konusunda aldığı mesafeyi görmek, bu konuda mevcut eksiklikleri tespit etmek ve bunlara çözüm önerilerinde bulunmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla ulusal ve uluslararası açık erişim veritabanları incelenerek elde edilen bilgiler değerlendirilmeye çalışıldı. Çalışmanın birinci aşamasında Türkiye'nin akademik açık erişim dergicilik konusundaki mevcut durumu değerlendirilirken ikinci aşamada Çeviribilim alanının durumu ele alındı. Son aşamada ise elde edilen verilerden anlamlı sonuçlar çıkarılarak genel bir değerlendirme yapıldı ve çeşitli öneriler sunuldu.
Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Beziehung zwischen den Diskursen Literatur und Recht in der deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur. Ausgehend von der langen Tradition der sogenannten Dichterjuristen (Goethe, Kleist, Kafka) werden aktuelle Tendenzen dieser Beziehung in den Blick genommen. Nach theoretischen Überlegungen zum Teilaspekt law in literature (Recht in der Literatur) erfolgt die Bestimmung von spezifischen Themen, Genres und ästhetischen Besonderheiten der in Frage stehenden Texte. Als Textgrundlage dienen Romane von Juli Zeh und Ferdinand von Schirach. In dieser Analyse werden auch die Adaptionen für Kino und TV einbezogen (die Serie "Verbrechen" für den TV-Sender ZDF, die auf Ferdinand von Schirachs gleichnamiger Kurzgeschichtensammlung beruht, und die Miniserie "A Menina sem Qualidades", eine Adaption von Juli Zehs "Spieltrieb" für MTV Brasilien).
In diesem Beitrag wird der Sprach(en)gebrauch der venezianischen Juden im 16./17. Jhd. untersucht. Dabei geht es um die Sprachen der verschiedenen jüdischen Gruppen, die gemeinsam im neu eingerichteten Ghetto wohnten. Insbesondere wird der Frage nachgegangen, welchen Gebrauch sie von unterschiedlichen Sprachen/Varietäten in unterschiedlichen kommunikativen Situationen und zu unterschiedlichen Zwecken gemacht haben. Dabei traten selbstverständlich auch Sprachmischungen auf, die von unbewussten Interferenzen über Entlehnungen (aus dem Hebräischen/Aramäischen, aber auch aus dem Venezianischen und den anderen von Juden gesprochenen Sprachen), bis hin zu ganz bewusst verwendeter Zwei- und Mehrsprachigkeit in literarischen Texten z. B. mit sprachspielerischer Absicht reichen. Die verschiedenen Textsorten, die hierzu analysiert werden (etwa Texte religiösen Inhalts, Testamente, Grabinschriften und Gedichte), spiegeln auf vielfältige Weise zugleich das Sprach- und Sprachenbewusstsein der venezianischen Juden jener Zeit wider.
Antigenic and 3D structural characterization of soluble X4 and hybrid X4-R5 HIV-1 Env trimers
(2014)
Background: HIV-1 is decorated with trimeric glycoprotein spikes that enable infection by engaging CD4 and a chemokine coreceptor, either CCR5 or CXCR4. The variable loop 3 (V3) of the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) is the main determinant for coreceptor usage. The predominant CCR5 using (R5) HIV-1 Env has been intensively studied in function and structure, whereas the trimeric architecture of the less frequent, but more cytopathic CXCR4 using (X4) HIV-1 Env is largely unknown, as are the consequences of sequence changes in and near V3 on antigenicity and trimeric Env structure.
Results: Soluble trimeric gp140 Env constructs were used as immunogenic mimics of the native spikes to analyze their antigenic properties in the context of their overall 3D structure. We generated soluble, uncleaved, gp140 trimers from a prototypic T-cell line-adapted (TCLA) X4 HIV-1 strain (NL4-3) and a hybrid (NL4-3/ADA), in which the V3 spanning region was substituted with that from the primary R5 isolate ADA. Compared to an ADA (R5) gp140, the NL4-3 (X4) construct revealed an overall higher antibody accessibility, which was most pronounced for the CD4 binding site (CD4bs), but also observed for mAbs against CD4 induced (CD4i) epitopes and gp41 mAbs. V3 mAbs showed significant binding differences to the three constructs, which were refined by SPR analysis. Of interest, the NL4-3/ADA construct with the hybrid NL4-3/ADA CD4bs showed impaired CD4 and CD4bs mAb reactivity despite the presence of the essential elements of the CD4bs epitope. We obtained 3D reconstructions of the NL4-3 and the NL4-3/ADA gp140 trimers via electron microscopy and single particle analysis, which indicates that both constructs inherit a propeller-like architecture. The first 3D reconstruction of an Env construct from an X4 TCLA HIV-1 strain reveals an open conformation, in contrast to recently published more closed structures from R5 Env. Exchanging the X4 V3 spanning region for that of R5 ADA did not alter the open Env architecture as deduced from its very similar 3D reconstruction.
Conclusions: 3D EM analysis showed an apparent open trimer configuration of X4 NL4-3 gp140 that is not modified by exchanging the V3 spanning region for R5 ADA.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the cutting edge in innate and adaptive immunity. The major functions of these antigen-presenting cells are the capture, endosomal processing and presentation of antigens, providing them an exclusive ability to provoke adaptive immune responses and to induce and control tolerance. Immature DCs capture and process antigens, migrate towards secondary lymphoid organs where they present antigens to naive T cells in a well-synchronized sequence of procedures referred to as maturation. Indeed, recent research indicated that sphingolipids are modulators of essential steps in DC homeostasis. It has been recognized that sphingolipids not only modulate the development of DC subtypes from precursor cells but also influence functional activities of DCs such as antigen capture, and cytokine profiling. Thus, it is not astonishing that sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolism play a substantial role in inflammatory diseases that are modulated by DCs. Here we highlight the function of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) on DC homeostasis and the role of S1P and S1P metabolism in inflammatory diseases.
Friedrich Kittler gilt als "Begründer einer der eigenwilligsten und zugleich umstrittensten Medientheorien." Bekannt wurde er mit seiner Frühschrift 'Austreibung des Geistes aus den Geisteswissenschaften' von 1980, wo er den Geist aus den Geisteswissenschaften zugunsten von Naturwissenschaft und Technik austreiben wollte. Gegen dieses Phantom ging dann auch seine spätere Schrift 'Grammophon, Film, Typewriter' von 1986 an, um den Geist endgültig in den "Schaltungen" dingfest zu machen. Denn, so heißt es wenig später, "nichts ist, was nicht schaltbar ist". Aber nicht dieses "technische Apriori" hat ihm den Ruf eingebracht, sondern dass er alle zivile Medientechnik von der Kriegstechnologie herleitete. Darüber hinaus lautet ein gegen Kittler vorgebrachter Einwand, er verwechsle die technischen, mathematischen, formalen Sprachen der Medien mit symbolischen Sprachen, mit Bedeutung, Sinn, Denken, Deutung, Reden und Kommunikation. Diese Verwechselung funktioniert dann nach dem Dualismus - denn von Dialektik kann man hier kaum noch reden - von Wesen und Erscheinung, wobei hinter der medialen Erscheinung immer das Wesen der Medien als militärische Natur steckt.
Genau diese Interpretation von Kittlers Medientheorie - obwohl sie nicht ganz falsch liegt - geht aber, wie ich zeigen möchte, an Kittlers Denken vorbei, wie wir inzwischen auch dem Buch 'Die Wahrheit der technischen Welt' entnehmen können, wie aber spätestens seit 'Musik und Mathematik I/1' oder 'Musen, Nymphen und Sirenen' ganz deutlich wurde. So zeigen auch die dreiundzwanzig zwischen 1978 und 2010 veröffentlichten Kittler-Essays, die das neue Buch zusammenbringt, dass das "technologische Kriegswesen" hinter der Erscheinung nur eine Tarnung war.
Anhand von zwei auf Deutsch verfassten essayistischen Texten von Jiří Gruša - 'Beneš als Österreicher' (2012) und 'Die Gebrauchsanweisung für Tschechien und Prag' (2003) - wird gezeigt, wie die Konzepte von Nationalgeschichte und Nationalliteratur an ihre Grenzen gebracht werden können: Durch vervielfältigende, ironisierende und verdichtende Verfahren werden nationale Selbst-Behauptungen entstellt, sowie die Konstitution und Funktion kollektiver Identitätsnarrative ausgestellt. Während in der Gebrauchsanweisung ausgerechnet ein 'pluralis nationalis' die Selbstvergewisserungen subvertiert, zeigt sich im bzw. durch den Beneš-Essay, wie die Erzählungen der Figur Beneš die Geister der Nation scheiden. Insofern werden die beiden Texte als Beispiele dafür gelesen, wie durch Schreibstrategien, aber auch angesichts editionsgeschichtlicher Zusammenhänge sowie im Hinblick auf die Rezeption eindeutige Zuweisungen zu einer Nationalliteratur oder Nationalgeschichte in Frage gestellt werden.
OBJECTIVES: Outcome of aortic valve replacement may be influenced by the choice of bioprosthesis. Pericardial heart valves are described to have a favourable haemodynamic profile compared with porcine valves, although the clinical notability of this finding is still controversially debated. Herein, we compared the long-term results of two commonly implanted bioprosthesis at a single centre.
METHODS: All consecutive patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement with either a Carpentier-Edwards Magna pericardial prosthesis or a Medtronic Mosaic porcine prosthesis between 2002 and 2008 were analysed regarding preoperative characteristics, short- and long-term survival, valve-related complications and echocardiographic findings.
RESULTS: The Medtronic Mosaic was implanted in 163 patients and the Carpentier-Edwards Magna in 295 patients. The sizes of implanted valves were 22.4 ± 1.5 mm for the Mosaic and 21.8 ± 1.8 mm for the Magna (P = 0.001). The long-term survival rate was 76 and 56% after 5 and 10 years for the Medtronic Mosaic, which was comparable with the Carpentier-Edwards Magna (77 and 57%; P = 0.92). Overall long-term survival was comparable with an age- and sex-matched Austrian general population for both groups. Valve-related adverse events were similar between groups. The postoperative mean transvalvular gradient was significantly increased in the Mosaic group (24 ± 9 mmHg vs 17 ± 7 mmHg; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Both types of aortic bioprostheses offer excellent results after isolated aortic valve replacement. Despite relevant differences in gradients, long-term survival was comparable with the expected normal survival for both bioprostheses. Patients with a porcine heart valve had a higher postoperative transvalvular gradient.
It has become increasingly apparent over the last decades that cooking pottery played a considerable role as a trade commodity in ancient times, yet relatively little research has yet been done on this topic for its own sake. By taking a closer look at the cooking pottery found in Priene, a small city in southern Ionia re-founded in the middle of the 4th century BCE, we want to trace some of the broader developments within the cooking wares that were used over a period of roughly 300 years. The aim is not only to outline the general shapes that were in use over this period of time, but also to register if and how these shapes correlate with the different fabrics observed in Priene so far.
During an entomological survey in Santiago Island, Cape Verde Islands, in November-December 2011 in order to study the bio-ecology and susceptibility to insecticides of Anopheles arabiensis Patton, 1905, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 was found to be present in the Santa Cruz District. Both adult and immature specimens were collected and a description of both is given. Further confirmation of the taxonomic identity of the specimens was obtained from studying the male genitalia. This is the first known occurrence of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (a primary vector of Japanese encephalitis in eastern and southern Asia and a potential vector of West Nile Virus, Sindbis and Rift Valley Fever Virus) in the Cape Verde Islands.
Fluctuations of the water level at the edges of temporary water bodies provide favourable living conditions for annual plant communities of the phytosociological class Isoëto-Nanojuncetea. Such communities of periodically flooded ponds within the agricultural landscape of NE Germany are particularly rich in rare plant species of that class. During the past decades drainage, fertilisation and herbicides in the surrounding arable fields have led to a severe decline in diversity of these species. To develop efficient conservation strategies it is essential to understand the factors driving the species composition. Therefore, we studied how varying water regimes, soil properties and agricultural practices affect the diversity and species composition of these temporary ponds. The study was carried out in seven ponds on a conventionally managed farm in NE Brandenburg. At each of these wetlands mixed soil samples were taken to determine the pH, total nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. The plant species were recorded in 177 plots, each covering 1 x 1 m2. For each plot, the water level was recorded in April, July and August 2013, respectively, resulting in five "water level regimes". Total species number and percentages of Isoëto-Nanojuncetea species were determined per plot, to evaluate water level effects on the vegetation. In addition, mean Ellenberg indicator values for light, moisture and nutrients were calculated to assess the environmental conditions.
pH and Na+ homeostasis in all cells requires Na+/H+ antiporters. The crystal structure, obtained at pH 4, of NhaA, the main antiporter of Escherichia coli, has provided general insights into an antiporter mechanism and its unique pH regulation. Here, we describe a general method to select various NhaA mutants from a library of randomly mutagenized NhaA. The selected mutants, A167P and F267C are described in detail. Both mutants are expressed in Escherichia coli EP432 cells at 70–95% of the wild type but grow on selective medium only at neutral pH, A167P on Li+ (0.1 M) and F267C on Na+ (0.6 M). Surprising for an electrogenic secondary transporter, and opposed to wild type NhaA, the rates of A167P and F267C are almost indifferent to membrane potential. Detailed kinetic analysis reveals that in both mutants the rate limiting step of the cation exchange cycle is changed from an electrogenic to an electroneutral reaction.
The answer to the question – Which can be the best way to teach and to learn to understand foreign people and culture in ethnically, culturally and linguistically homogenous teaching contexts? – is simple: through language teaching and learning. This process is per definitionem the encounter between a culture of origin and a target culture. The process of learning and teaching foreign languages generates the encounter with languages and cultures, which implies on the one hand a comparison of different cultural contexts and on the other hand self-reflection.
Starting from data, which were collected based on a survey, the present contribution attempts to answer the following questions:
1. What is the role of foreign language teachers in ethnically, culturally and linguistically homogenous teaching contexts?
2. To what extent do foreign language teachers and students perceive the intercultural dimensions of foreign language education in such contexts?
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) offers an effective interventional option for treating symptomatic chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy is performed to facilitated endoscopic treatment. Pancreatic duct strictures can be treated by inserting plastic stents, and a 10 Fr endoprosthesis is adequate in many cases. Before stent insertion, hydrostatic balloon dilation is needed in some cases. Pancreatic stones can be removed with a dormia basket, but combining ERCP and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is often most effective.
Standard and advanced endoscopic treatment approaches are delineated in this article and include stricture dilation with a Soehendra retriever, cSEMS placement and multi-stenting.
So-called medicanes (Mediterranean hurricanes) are meso-scale, marine, and warm-core Mediterranean cyclones that exhibit some similarities to tropical cyclones. The strong cyclonic winds associated with medicanes threaten the highly populated coastal areas around the Mediterranean basin. To reduce the risk of casualties and overall negative impacts, it is important to improve the understanding of medicanes with the use of numerical models. In this study, we employ an atmospheric limited-area model (COSMO-CLM) coupled with a one-dimensional ocean model (1-D NEMO-MED12) to simulate medicanes. The aim of this study is to assess the robustness of the coupled model in simulating these extreme events. For this purpose, 11 historical medicane events are simulated using the atmosphere-only model, COSMO-CLM, and coupled model, with different setups (horizontal atmospheric grid-spacings of 0.44°, 0.22°, and 0.08°; with/without spectral nudging, and an ocean grid-spacing of 1/12°). The results show that at high-resolution, the coupled model is able to not only simulate most of medicane events but also improve the track length, core temperature, and wind speed of simulated medicanes compared to the atmosphere-only simulations. The results suggest that the coupled model is more proficient for systemic and detailed studies of historical medicane events, and that this model can be an effective tool for future projections.
Physics at its core is an experimental pursuit. If one theory does not agree with experimental results, then the theory is wrong. However, it is becoming harder and harder to directly test some theories of fundamental physics at the high energy/small distance frontier exactly because this frontier is becoming technologically harder to reach. The Large Hadron Collider is getting near the limit of what we can do with present accelerator technology in terms of directly reaching the energy frontier. The motivation for this special issue was to try and collect together ideas and potential approaches to experimentally probe some of our ideas about physics at the high energy/small distance frontier. Some of the papers in this special issue directly deal with the issue of what happens to spacetime at small distance scales. In the paper by A. Aurilia and E. Spallucci a picture of quantum spacetime is given based on the effects of ultrahigh velocity length contractions on the structure of the spacetime. The work of P. Nicolini et al. further pursues the idea that spacetime has a minimal length. The consequences of this minimal length are investigated in terms of the effects it would have on the gravitational collapse of a star to form a black hole. In the article by G. Amelino-Camelia et al. the quantum structure of spacetime is studied through the Fermi LAT data on the Gamma Ray Burst GRB130427A. The article by S. Hossenfelder addressed the question of whether spacetime is fundamentally continuous or discrete and postulates that in the case when spacetime is discrete it might have defects which would have important observational consequences. ...
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in root nodules of grain legumes such as chickpea is a highly complex process that drastically affects the gene expression patterns of both the prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic interacting cells. A successfully established symbiotic relationship requires mutual signaling mechanisms and a continuous adaptation of the metabolism of the involved cells to varying environmental conditions. Although some of these processes are well understood today many of the molecular mechanisms underlying SNF, especially in chickpea, remain unclear. Here, we reannotated our previously published transcriptome data generated by deepSuperSAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) to the recently published draft genome of chickpea to assess the root- and nodule-specific transcriptomes of the eukaryotic host cells. The identified gene expression patterns comprise up to 71 significantly differentially expressed genes and the expression of twenty of these was validated by quantitative real-time PCR with the tissues from five independent biological replicates. Many of the differentially expressed transcripts were found to encode proteins implicated in sugar metabolism, antioxidant defense as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses of the host cells, and some of them were already known to contribute to SNF in other legumes. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study represent candidates that can be used for further characterization of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying SNF in chickpea.
We report on a polarization measurement of inclusive J/ψ mesons in the di-electron decay channel at mid-rapidity at 2 < pT < 6 GeV/c in p + p collisions at √s = 200 GeV. Data were taken with the STAR detector at RHIC. The J/ψ polarization measurement should help to distinguish between different models of the J/ψ production mechanism since they predict different pT dependences of the J/ψ polarization. In this analysis, J/ψ polarization is studied in the helicity frame. The polarization parameter λθ measured at RHIC becomes smaller towards high pT , indicating more longitudinal J/ψ polarization as pT increases. The result is compared with predictions of presently available models.
We report on the measurement of the inclusive Υ (1S) production in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV carried out at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4) and down to zero transverse momentum using its μ+μ−decay channel with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. A strong suppression of the inclusive Υ (1S) yield is observed with respect to pp collisions scaled by the number of independent nucleon–nucleon collisions. The nuclear modification factor, for events in the 0–90% centrality range, amounts to 0.30 ± 0.05(stat) ± 0.04(syst). The observed Υ (1S) suppression tends to increase with the centrality of the collision and seems more pronounced than in corresponding mid-rapidity measurements. Our results are compared with model calculations, which are found to underestimate the measured suppression and fail to reproduce its rapidity dependence.
Freeze-out radii extracted from three-pion cumulants in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC
(2014)
In high-energy collisions, the spatio-temporal size of the particle production region can be measured using the Bose–Einstein correlations of identical bosons at low relative momentum. The source radii are typically extracted using two-pion correlations, and characterize the system at the last stage of interaction, called kinetic freeze-out. In low-multiplicity collisions, unlike in high-multiplicity collisions, two-pion correlations are substantially altered by background correlations, e.g. mini-jets. Such correlations can be suppressed using three-pion cumulant correlations. We present the first measurements of the size of the system at freeze-out extracted from three-pion cumulant correlations in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC with ALICE. At similar multiplicity, the invariant radii extracted in p–Pb collisions are found to be 5–15% larger than those in pp, while those in Pb–Pb are 35–55% larger than those in p–Pb. Our measurements disfavor models which incorporate substantially stronger collective expansion in p–Pb as compared to pp collisions at similar multiplicity.
Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum of charged particles produced in pp collisions at s√ = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV, and Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−−√ = 2.76 TeV are studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity using the ALICE detector at the LHC. Dynamical fluctuations indicative of correlated particle emission are observed in all systems. The results in pp collisions show little dependence on collision energy. The Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET are in qualitative agreement with the data. Peripheral Pb-Pb data exhibit a similar multiplicity dependence as that observed in pp. In central Pb-Pb, the results deviate from this trend, featuring a significant reduction of the fluctuation strength. The results in Pb--Pb are in qualitative agreement with previous measurements in Au-Au at lower collision energies and with expectations from models that incorporate collective phenomena.
The ALICE Collaboration at the LHC reports measurement of the inclusive production cross section of electrons from semi-leptonic decays of beauty hadrons with rapidity |y| < 0.8 and transverse momentum 1 < pT < 10 GeV/c, in pp collisions at √s = 2.76 TeV. Electrons not originating from semi-electronic decay of beauty hadrons are suppressed using the impact parameter of the corresponding tracks. The production cross section of beauty decay electrons is compared to the result obtained with an alternative method which uses the distribution of the azimuthal angle between heavy-flavour decay electrons and charged hadrons. Perturbative QCD predictions agree with the measured cross section within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The integrated visible cross section, σb→e = 3.47 ± 0.40(stat) +1.12 −1.33(sys) ± 0.07(norm) μb, was extrapolated to full phase space using Fixed Order plus Next-to-Leading Log (FONLL) calculations to obtain the total bb production ¯ cross section, σbb¯ = 130 ± 15.1(stat) +42.1 −49.8(sys) +3.4 −3.1(extr) ± 2.5(norm) ± 4.4(BR) μb.
Transverse momentum spectra of π±, K± and p(p¯) up to pT = 20 GeV/c at mid-rapidity in pp, peripheral (60–80%) and central (0–5%) Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV have been measured using the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The proton-to-pion and the kaon-to-pion ratios both show a distinct peak at pT ≈ 3 GeV/c in central Pb–Pb collisions. Below the peak, pT < 3 GeV/c, both ratios are in good agreement with hydrodynamical calculations, suggesting that the peak itself is dominantly the result of radial flow rather than anomalous hadronization processes. For pT > 10 GeV/c particle ratios in pp and Pb–Pb collisions are in agreement and the nuclear modification factors for π±, K± and p(p¯) indicate that, within the systematic and statistical uncertainties, the suppression is the same. This suggests that the chemical composition of leading particles from jets in the medium is similar to that of vacuum jets.
A measurement of the transverse momentum spectra of jets in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV is reported. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles using the anti-kT jet algorithm with jet resolution parameters R of 0.2 and 0.3 in pseudo-rapidity |η|<0.5. The transverse momentum pT of charged particles is measured down to 0.15 GeV/c which gives access to the low pT fragments of the jet. Jets found in heavy-ion collisions are corrected event-by-event for average background density and on an inclusive basis (via unfolding) for residual background fluctuations and detector effects. A strong suppression of jet production in central events with respect to peripheral events is observed. The suppression is found to be similar to the suppression of charged hadrons, which suggests that substantial energy is radiated at angles larger than the jet resolution parameter R=0.3 considered in the analysis. The fragmentation bias introduced by selecting jets with a high pT leading particle, which rejects jets with a soft fragmentation pattern, has a similar effect on the jet yield for central and peripheral events. The ratio of jet spectra with R=0.2 and R=0.3 is found to be similar in Pb-Pb and simulated PYTHIA pp events, indicating no strong broadening of the radial jet structure in the reconstructed jets with R<0.3.
Wrack burial reduces germination and establishment of the invasive cordgrass Spartina densiflora
(2014)
Germination and emergence of halophytes may decrease significantly by seed burial in dead plant material, or wrack, which is common and abundant in tidal marshes. The effects of plant debris (wrack) burial on seed germination and seedling establishment of Spartina densiflora, an invasive cordgrass, were studied under greenhouse conditions and compared with field observations. Five wrack burial depths were applied: control without wrack, 1 cm (1235 ± 92 g DW wrack m-2), 2 cm (3266 ± 13 g DW m-2), 4 cm (4213 ± 277 g DW m-2), and 8 cm (6138 ± 227 g DW m-2). Sediment pH, electrical conductivity, redox potential and temperature were recorded. Quiescence increased with wrack load up to ~20% at 8 cm deep. Germination decreased with wrack load from 96% to 14%, which could be related with anoxic conditions under the debris since sediment redox potential was as low as -83 ± 7 mV at 8 cm. Germination percentage increased and quiescent and dormant percentages decreased at higher daily sediment temperatures and with higher daily temperature fluctuations, conditions that were recorded without or under low loads of wrack. Spartina densiflora did not show primary dormancy, but its seeds entered into a non-deep physiological dormancy below 1 cm deep in plant debris. The establishment of S. densiflora seedlings was also greatly reduced by wrack burial since only 6 seedlings (11 ± 5 % of germinated seeds) emerged above plant debris from 1 cm and all seedlings died from deeper than 1 cm. S. densiflora seedling development was also reduced by wrack burial. The inverse relationship between germination and emergence of S. densiflora with wrack burial recorded in our study is useful to predict its invasion dynamics and to plan the management of invaded marshes.
Im Folgenden werden für das östliche Ruhrgebiet bemerkenswerte Funde aufgeführt. Das Gebiet umfasst die Städte Gelsenkirchen, Essen, Herne, Bochum, Dortmund, Hagen und Hamm sowie die Kreise Recklinghausen, Unna und den Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis. Die Funde sind zu einem Teil unter www.botanik-bochum.de/html/funde2013.htm mit Fotos versehen. Zur besseren Auswertung wurden hinter den Fundorten die MTB-Angaben (Topographische Karte 1:25.000) angegeben und ggf. eine Bewertung des Fundes für den hiesigen Raum und der floristische Status hinzugefügt. Funde aus dem östlichen Ruhrgebiet, die von nordrhein-westfälischer Bedeutung sind, sind in der Liste "Beiträge zur Flora Nordrhein-Wesfalens"
(Bochumer Botanischer Verein 2014, Beitrag in diesem Jahrbuch) aufgeführt.
Seit 2010 wetteifern Naturwissenschaftler bei den Science Slams des Physikalischen Vereins darum, wer seine Forschung am unterhaltsamsten erklären kann.
Im Jubiläumsjahr beteiligten sich erstmals auch die Geisteswissenschaftler an dem Format. Jeder Referent hat höchstens zehn Minuten für zündende Ideen, witzige Einlagen und überraschende Pointen. Zum Schluss entscheidet das Publikum, wer Slam-Champion ist.
Im November traten die drei besten Slammer der beiden Vorrunden vom Juli zum großen Finale gegeneinander an. 1.200 Besucher im Audimax des Campus Westend wählten den Informatiker Johannes Schildgen in einem knappen Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen mit Kai Jäger zum Sieger.
Hier werden bemerkenswerte floristische Funde aus Nordrhein-Westfalen aus dem Jahr 2013 zusammengestellt, die aus Sicht der Schriftleitung von landesweiter Bedeutung sind. Die Funde werden im Laufe des Jahres zunächst chronologisch auf die Homepage des Bochumer Botanischen Vereins gestellt und am Ende des Jahres dann zum Artikel zusammengefasst. Bei der Auswahl der Arten für diese Liste ist nicht an Bestätigung bereits lange bekannter Vorkommen gedacht, die an Ort und Stelle durchgehend vorkommen, sondern z. B. an Neufunde seltener Arten, Wiederfunde seltener Arten, die zwischendurch verschwunden schienen (wie z. B. Ackerunkräuter) oder auch bekannte Vorkommen, die erloschen sind oder kurz vor dem Erlöschen stehen. Außerdem nehmen Beobachtungen von neophytischen Arten einen großen Raum ein, die entweder auf dem Wege der Einbürgerung sind, deren Einbürgerung noch nicht allgemein bekannt bzw. anerkannt ist oder die bisher erst selten für Nordrhein-Westfalen veröffentlicht wurden. Ein wichtiges Kriterium für alle aufgeführten Arten ist die Seltenheit im Bundesland oder der betreffenden Großlandschaft.
Die Fundmeldungen in Band 27 von Botanik und Naturschutz in Hessen stammen von: Ralf Angersbach, Annemarie Bähr, Karsten Böger, Dirk Bönsel, Wolfgang Ehmke, Marion Eichler, Christian Feuring, Hans-Joachim Flügel, Thomas Gregor, Heinz Kalheber, Iva Krausova, Hasko Friedrich Nesemann, Uwe Raabe, Susanne Raehse & Bernd Sauerwein, Bernd Sauerwein, Indra Starke-Ottich, Koloman Stich, Michael Uebeler und Franziska Walther.
Es ist 18:50 Uhr an einem Mittwochabend. Das PA-Gebäude auf dem Campus Westend ist hell erleuchtet. Während draußen die ersten Gäste stehen, ist im Innern ein junger Mann in Hemd und Sakko damit beschäftigt, einen roten Teppich von den letzten Flusen zu befreien. In wenigen Minuten werden die ersten Besucher der Ausstellung »36 Stifter für eine Idee« in den Saal treten, über den frisch gesaugten Teppich laufen und das Ergebnis von drei Jahren Arbeit begutachten.
Vorliegende Ausgabe der 'Mitteilungen der Hugo-von-Hofmannsthal-Geseellschaft' enthält u.a.:
Zum Tode von Ewald Rösch [Nachruf] / Lothar Pikulik und Günter Schnitzler
Hofmannsthals "Turm"-Dramen : Politik, Wissen und Kunst in der Zwischenkriegszeit ; Internationale Tagung der Hugo von Hofmannsthal-Gesellschaft, Universität Basel – 4. bis 6. September 2014 / Anna-Katharina Gisbertz