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The coordinate and momentum space configurations of the net baryon number in heavy ion collisions that undergo spinodal decomposition, due to a first-order phase transition, are investigated using state-of-the-art machine-learning methods. Coordinate space clumping, which appears in the spinodal decomposition, leaves strong characteristic imprints on the spatial net density distribution in nearly every event which can be detected by modern machine learning techniques. On the other hand, the corresponding features in the momentum distributions cannot clearly be detected, by the same machine learning methods, in individual events. Only a small subset of events can be systematically differ- entiated if only the momentum space information is available. This is due to the strong similarity of the two event classes, with and without spinodal decomposition. In such sce- narios, conventional event-averaged observables like the baryon number cumulants signal a spinodal non-equilibrium phase transition. Indeed the third-order cumulant, the skewness, does exhibit a peak at the beam energy (Elab = 3–4 A GeV), where the transient hot and dense system created in the heavy ion collision reaches the first-order phase transition.
Drei französische Romane der 70er Jahre von Robert Merle, Raymond Jean und Pascal Lainé stehen im Zentrum des Beitrags von Luís Gonçalves. Die Bemühungen um das theoretische Werk Marx' - so seine Analyse - bleiben dabei deutlich hinter dem Wunsch, sich selbst zu befreien, zurück. Die theoretischen Gewährsmänner dieser Bewegung waren nicht die Klassiker des Sozialismus, sonder eher Wilhelm Reich und Guy Debord.
By running a temperature series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations starting from the known low-temperature phase, the experimentally observed phase transition in a `jumping crystal' was captured, thereby providing a prediction of the unknown crystal structure of the high-temperature phase and clarifying the phase-transition mechanism. The phase transition is accompanied by a discontinuity in two of the unit-cell parameters. The structure of the high-temperature phase is very similar to that of the low-temperature phase. The anisotropic displacement parameters calculated from the MD simulations readily identified libration as the driving force behind the phase transition. Both the predicted crystal structure and the phase-transition mechanism were verified experimentally using TLS (translation, libration, screw) refinement against X-ray powder diffraction data.
Rezension zu Richter, Sandra. Eine Weltgeschichte der deutschsprachigen Literatur. Munique: C. Bertelsmann, 2017. 728 p.
O trabalho retoma a análise freudiana de "Der Sandmann", presente num ensaio de 1919 que se provou paradigmático para as interpretações futuras da obra de E. T. A. Hoffmann. No dito ensaio, o pai da psicanálise faz diversos juízos sobre a construção argumentativa da novela romântica que, nos estudos literários, vêm sendo indevidamente atribuídos ao próprio Hoffmann. Seu programa estético supostamente seria aquele de um analista dos mecanismos psíquicos de suas personagens, revelando-o como um curioso conhecedor avant la lettre das teorias psicanalíticas. É como se a criação de um imaginário horripilante que caracteriza sua prosa servisse a um impulso interpretativo das áreas ocultas da psique a fim de detrair tendências irracionalistas e animistas de suas personagens. A crítica freudiana ao animismo é um dos aspectos mais contestados por estudiosos recentes como Bruno Latour e Isabelle Stengers e, por isso, retomaremos seus argumentos num segundo momento. Então, alguns de seus argumentos serão retomados em um segundo momento do artigo para que possamos voltar a Hoffmann e reinterpretar sua estética como uma defesa de certo tipo de animismo, para além dos paradigmas psicanalíticos que nunca cessaram de o ensombrar.
Objectives: To compare efficacy and safety of ixekizumab (IXE) to adalimumab (ADA) in biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-naïve patients with both active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and skin disease and inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARDs).
Methods: Patients with active PsA were randomised (1:1) to approved dosing of IXE or ADA in an open-label, head-to-head, blinded assessor clinical trial. The primary objective was to evaluate whether IXE was superior to ADA at week 24 for simultaneous achievement of a ≥50% improvement from baseline in the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR50) and a 100% improvement from baseline in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI100). Major secondary objectives, also at week 24, were to evaluate whether IXE was: (1) non-inferior to ADA for achievement of ACR50 and (2) superior to ADA for PASI100 response. Additional PsA, skin, treat-to-target and quality-of-life outcome measures were assessed at week 24.
Results: The primary efficacy endpoint was met (IXE: 36%, ADA: 28%; p=0.036). IXE was non-inferior for ACR50 response (IXE: 51%, ADA: 47%; treatment difference: 3.9%) and superior for PASI100 response (IXE: 60%, ADA: 47%; p=0.001). IXE had greater response versus ADA in additional PsA, skin, nail, treat-to-target and quality-of-life outcomes. Serious adverse events were reported in 8.5% (ADA) and 3.5% (IXE) of patients.
Conclusions: IXE was superior to ADA in achievement of simultaneous improvement of joint and skin disease (ACR50 and PASI100) in patients with PsA and inadequate response to csDMARDs. Safety and tolerability for both biologicals were aligned with established safety profiles.
The haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii contains nearly 2800 small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs). One intergenic sRNA, sRNA132, was chosen for a detailed characterization. A deletion mutant had a growth defect and thus underscored the importance of sRNA132. A microarray analysis identified the transcript of an operon for a phosphate-specific ABC transporter as a putative target of sRNA132. Both the sRNA132 and the operon transcript accumulated under low phosphate concentrations, indicating a positive regulatory role of sRNA132. A kinetic analysis revealed that sRNA132 is essential shortly after the onset of phosphate starvation, while other regulatory processes take over after several hours. Comparison of the transcriptomes of wild-type and the sRNA132 gene deletion mutant 30 min after the onset of phosphate starvation revealed that sRNA132 controls a regulon of about 40 genes. Remarkably, the regulon included a second operon for a phosphate-specific ABC transporter, which also depended on sRNA132 for rapid induction in the absence of phosphate. Competitive growth experiments of the wild-type and ABC transporter operon deletion mutants underscored the importance of both transporters for growth at low phosphate concentrations. Northern blot analyses of four additional members of the sRNA132 regulon verified that all four transcripts depended on sRNA132 for rapid regulation after the onset of phosphate starvation. Importantly, this is the first example for the transient importance of a sRNA for any archaeal and bacterial species. In addition, this study unraveled the first sRNA regulon for haloarchaea.
Wetlands such as bogs, swamps, or freshwater marshes are hotspots of biodiversity. For 5.1 million km2 of inland wetlands, the dynamics of area and water storage, which strongly impact biodiversity and ecosystem services, were simulated using the global hydrological model WaterGAP. For the first time, the impacts of both human water use and man‐made reservoirs (WUR) and future climate change (CC) on wetlands around the globe were quantified. WUR impacts are concentrated in arid/semiarid regions, where WUR decreased mean wetland water storage by more than 5% on 8.2% of the mean wetland area during 1986–2005 (Am), with highest decreases in groundwater depletion area. Using output of three climate models, CC impacts on wetlands were quantified, distinguishing unavoidable impacts [i.e., at 2 °C global warming (GW)] from avoidable impacts (difference between 3 °C and 2 °C impacts). Even unavoidable CC impacts are projected to be much larger than WUR impacts, also in arid/semiarid regions. On most wetland area with reliable estimates, avoidable CC impacts are more than twice as large as unavoidable impacts. In case of 2 °C GW, half of Am is estimated to be unaffected by mean storage changes of more than 5%, but only one third in case of 3 °C GW. Temporal variability of water storage will increase for most wetlands. Wetlands in dry regions will be affected the most, particularly by water storage decreases in the dry season. Different from wealthier countries, low‐income countries will dominantly suffer from a decrease in wetland water storage due to CC.
Die folgende Arbeit handelt von einem Human Computer Interaction Interface, welches es gestattet, mit Hilfe von Gesten zu schreiben. Das System ermöglicht seinen Nutzern, neue Gesten hinzuzufügen und zu verwenden. Da Gesten besser erkannt werden können, je genauer die Darstellung der Hände ist, wird diese durch Datenhandschuhe an den Computer übertragen. Die Hände werden einerseits in der Virtual Reality (VR) dargestellt, damit sie der Nutzer sieht. Andererseits werden die Daten, die die Gestenerkennung benötigt, an das Interface weitergeleitet. Die Erkennung der Gesten wird mit Hilfe eines Neuronales Netz (NN) implementiert. Dieses ist in der Lage, Gesten zu unterscheiden, sofern es genügend Trainingsdaten erhalten hat. Die genutzten Gesten sind entweder einhändig oder beidhändig auszuführen. Die Aussagen der Gesten beziehen sich in dieser Arbeit vor allem auf relationale Operatoren, die Beziehungen zwischen Objekten ausdrücken, wie beispielsweise „gleich“ oder „größer gleich“. Abschließend wird in dieser Arbeit ein System geschaffen, das es ermöglicht, mit Gesten Sätze auszudrücken. Dies betrifft das sogenannte gestische Schreiben nach Mehler, Lücking und Abrami 2014. Zu diesem Zweck befindet sich der Nutzer in einem virtuellen Raum mit Objekten, die er verknüpfen kann, wobei er Sätze in einem relationalen Kontext manifestiert.
Reducing neuronal size results in less cell membrane and therefore lower input conductance. Smaller neurons are thus more excitable as seen in their voltage responses to current injections in the soma. However, the impact of a neuron’s size and shape on its voltage responses to synaptic activation in dendrites is much less understood. Here we use analytical cable theory to predict voltage responses to distributed synaptic inputs and show that these are entirely independent of dendritic length. For a given synaptic density, a neuron’s response depends only on the average dendritic diameter and its intrinsic conductivity. These results remain true for the entire range of possible dendritic morphologies irrespective of any particular arborisation complexity. Also, spiking models result in morphology invariant numbers of action potentials that encode the percentage of active synapses. Interestingly, in contrast to spike rate, spike times do depend on dendrite morphology. In summary, a neuron’s excitability in response to synaptic inputs is not affected by total dendrite length. It rather provides a homeostatic input-output relation that specialised synapse distributions, local non-linearities in the dendrites and synaptic plasticity can modulate. Our work reveals a new fundamental principle of dendritic constancy that has consequences for the overall computation in neural circuits.
Video and image data are regularly used in the field of benthic ecology to document biodiversity. However, their use is subject to a number of challenges, principally the identification of taxa within the images without associated physical specimens. The challenge of applying traditional taxonomic keys to the identification of fauna from images has led to the development of personal, group, or institution level reference image catalogues of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) or morphospecies. Lack of standardisation among these reference catalogues has led to problems with observer bias and the inability to combine datasets across studies. In addition, lack of a common reference standard is stifling efforts in the application of artificial intelligence to taxon identification. Using the North Atlantic deep sea as a case study, we propose a database structure to facilitate standardisation of morphospecies image catalogues between research groups and support future use in multiple front-end applications. We also propose a framework for coordination of international efforts to develop reference guides for the identification of marine species from images. The proposed structure maps to the Darwin Core standard to allow integration with existing databases. We suggest a management framework where high-level taxonomic groups are curated by a regional team, consisting of both end users and taxonomic experts. We identify a mechanism by which overall quality of data within a common reference guide could be raised over the next decade. Finally, we discuss the role of a common reference standard in advancing marine ecology and supporting sustainable use of this ecosystem.
A estrutura silábica do alemão como língua estrangeira na interlíngua de aprendizes brasileiros
(2019)
A presente pesquisa explora as estratégias de reformulação de constituintes silábicos complexos na Interlíngua de 18 brasileiros aprendizes do Alemão como Língua Estrangeira. Nossa hipótese prevê que estes aprendizes possuem dificuldades na produção de ataques iniciais e codas finais do ALE e, ao tentar acomodá-las ao molde silábico da LM, aplicam diferentes estratégias de reparação. A partir do conceito de Interlíngua (SELINKER 1972) como língua natural, sistemática e emergente de um processo complexo e dinâmico, desenvolvida autonomamente por falantes não-nativos de uma LE em seu processo de aquisição/aprendizagem com o objetivo de comunicar-se estrategicamente, e que sofre adaptações a partir da testagem de hipóteses acerca da LE e eventos de interação, realizamos análise transversal das ocorrências de ataque e coda complexas em correlação com o nível de proficiência do aprendiz, o estilo (LIN 2001, 2003) e a marcação do constituinte (GRENNBERG 1966b). Os dados revelaram que a frequência de modificação de clusters apresenta correlação com estes fatores: quanto mais formal a tarefa e avançado o aprendiz, menos modificações ocorrem. A influência da marcação silábica e dos universais linguísticos foi constatada para a coda, tipologicamente marcada, sendo mais frequentemente modificada que o ataque.
A encenação autoral de Christian Kracht: o caso d' "Os Mortos" de Kracht, de Joyce e de Huston
(2019)
Partimos do pressuposto que os escritores, ao longo da história, sempre se utilizaram de estratégias encenatórias tanto em relação às suas obras como às suas figuras públicas, e de que o fazem não só para se estabelecer no campo literário, mas para o fazê-lo de um modo específico (JÜRGENSEN; KAYSER, 2011; BOURDIEU, 2000). Tendo em vista o último romance de Christian Kracht, "Die Toten" (2016), cujo título pode ser livremente traduzido como "Os Mortos", e as relações intertextuais que podem ser estabelecidas com o conto homônimo de James Joyce (1914) e sua adaptação para o cinema dirigida por John Huston (1987), temos por objetivo investigar de que modo essas relações contribuem para a encenação de Christian Kracht e para seu posicionamento no campo literário.
Concebido para suprir as lacunas de uma existência que se tornara pública e notória com a publicação do "Werther", o relato autobiográfico de "Dichtung und Wahrheit" dedicará boa parte das quase 300 páginas de seus sete últimos livros à narração das circunstâncias que teriam possibilitado a Goethe encontrar um campo de atuação e influência compatíveis com a estrondosa repercussão do "Werther", mas ao mesmo tempo condizentes com uma vocação poética a que Goethe recusa qualquer interferência direta e 'didática' nos assuntos humanos, visto como passa a concebê-la 'inteiramente como natureza'. O artigo se propõe passar em revista esse momento decisivo de elaboração da 'Bildung' goethiana compreendido sobretudo nos livros 13 a 16, o qual coincide com a definição dos fundamentos da vocação poética que marcará a fisionomia espiritual da produção de Goethe vida afora. Para tanto, investigará a pertinência do conceito de teleologia como princípio explicativo oportuno à elucidação do referido momento, à luz da discussão proposta por Fotis Jannidis (1996); e analisará o papel das referências e influências que maior importância tiveram para Goethe nesse processo: Lavater, Basedow e Zimmermann, entre os convivas, Spinoza e Prometeu entre os luminares.
Based on accumulating evidence of a role of lipid signaling in many physiological and pathophysiological processes including psychiatric diseases, the present data driven analysis was designed to gather information needed to develop a prospective biomarker, using a targeted lipidomics approach covering different lipid mediators. Using unsupervised methods of data structure detection, implemented as hierarchal clustering, emergent self-organizing maps of neuronal networks, and principal component analysis, a cluster structure was found in the input data space comprising plasma concentrations of d = 35 different lipid-markers of various classes acquired in n = 94 subjects with the clinical diagnoses depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, dementia, or in healthy controls. The structure separated patients with dementia from the other clinical groups, indicating that dementia is associated with a distinct lipid mediator plasma concentrations pattern possibly providing a basis for a future biomarker. This hypothesis was subsequently assessed using supervised machine-learning methods, implemented as random forests or principal component analysis followed by computed ABC analysis used for feature selection, and as random forests, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines, multilayer perceptron, and naïve Bayesian classifiers to estimate whether the selected lipid mediators provide sufficient information that the diagnosis of dementia can be established at a higher accuracy than by guessing. This succeeded using a set of d = 7 markers comprising GluCerC16:0, Cer24:0, Cer20:0, Cer16:0, Cer24:1, C16 sphinganine, and LacCerC16:0, at an accuracy of 77%. By contrast, using random lipid markers reduced the diagnostic accuracy to values of 65% or less, whereas training the algorithms with randomly permuted data was followed by complete failure to diagnose dementia, emphasizing that the selected lipid mediators were display a particular pattern in this disease possibly qualifying as biomarkers.
Persistent and, in particular, neuropathic pain is a major healthcare problem with still insufficient pharmacological treatment options. This triggered research activities aimed at finding analgesics with a novel mechanism of action. Results of these efforts will need to pass through the phases of drug development, in which experimental human pain models are established components e.g. implemented as chemical hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin. We aimed at ranking the various readouts of a human capsaicin–based pain model with respect to the most relevant information about the effects of a potential reference analgesic. In a placebo‐controlled, randomized cross‐over study, seven different pain‐related readouts were acquired in 16 healthy individuals before and after oral administration of 300 mg pregabalin. The sizes of the effect on pain induced by intradermal injection of capsaicin were quantified by calculating Cohen's d. While in four of the seven pain‐related parameters, pregabalin provided a small effect judged by values of Cohen's d exceeding 0.2, an item categorization technique implemented as computed ABC analysis identified the pain intensities in the area of secondary hyperalgesia and of allodynia as the most suitable parameters to quantify the analgesic effects of pregabalin. Results of this study provide further support for the ability of the intradermal capsaicin pain model to show analgesic effects of pregabalin. Results can serve as a basis for the designs of studies where the inclusion of this particular pain model and pregabalin is planned.
Rezension zu: Psychology of Retention:Theory, Research and Practice / Melinde Coetzee, Ingrid L. Potgieter and Nadia Ferreira (Eds.), ISBN:978-3-319-98919-8 Publisher:Springer Nature, 2018, R1600 (Preis SA)
The following five species of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) are recorded for the first time from Guatemala: Attagenus fasciatus (Thunberg), Dermestes (Dermestinus) caninus caninus Germar, Orphinus fulvipes (Guérin-Méneville), Trogoderma simplex Jayne and Thorictodes heydeni Reitter. The species are recorded from the Guatemalan departments of Petén, Izabal and Zacapa.
Background: The differentiation between Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3) and type 1 is challenging because pathognomonic neurologic symptoms may be subtle and develop at late stages. The ophthalmologist plays a crucial role in identifying the typical impairment of horizontal saccadic eye movements, followed by vertical ones. Little is known about further ocular involvement. The aim of this monocentric cohort study is to comprehensively describe the ophthalmological features of Gaucher disease type 3. We suggest recommendations for a set of useful ophthalmologic investigations for diagnosis and follow up and for saccadometry parameters enabling a correlation to disease severity.
Methods: Sixteen patients with biochemically and genetically diagnosed GD3 completed ophthalmologic examination including optical coherence tomography (OCT), clinical oculomotor assessment and saccadometry by infrared based video-oculography. Saccadic peak velocity, gain and latency were compared to 100 healthy controls, using parametric tests. Correlations between saccadic assessment and clinical parameters were calculated.
Results: Peripapillary subretinal drusen-like deposits with retinal atrophy (2/16), preretinal opacities of the vitreous (4/16) and increased retinal vessel tortuosity (3/16) were found. Oculomotor pathology with clinically slowed saccades was more frequent horizontally (15/16) than vertically (12/16). Saccadometry revealed slowed peak velocity compared to 100 controls (most evident horizontally and downwards). Saccades were delayed and hypometric. Best correlating with SARA (scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia), disease duration, mSST (modified Severity Scoring Tool) and reduced IQ was peak velocity (both up- and downwards). Motility restriction occurred in 8/16 patients affecting horizontal eye movements, while vertical motility restriction was seen less frequently. Impaired abduction presented with esophoria or esotropia, the latter in combination with reduced stereopsis.
Conclusions: Vitreoretinal lesions may occur in 25% of Gaucher type 3 patients, while we additionally observed subretinal lesions with retinal atrophy in advanced disease stages. Vertical saccadic peak velocity seems the most promising "biomarker" for neuropathic manifestation for future longitudinal studies, as it correlates best with other neurologic symptoms. Apart from the well documented abduction deficit in Gaucher type 3 we were able to demonstrate motility impairment in all directions of gaze.
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) (Api) is an important component of the human diet, being distributed in a wide number of fruits, vegetables and herbs with the most important sources being represented by chamomile, celery, celeriac and parsley. This study was designed for a comprehensive evaluation of Api as an antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory phytocompound. In the set experimental conditions, Api presents antiproliferative activity against the A375 human melanoma cell line, a G2/M arrest of the cell cycle and cytotoxic events as revealed by the lactate dehydrogenase release. Caspase 3 activity was inversely proportional to the Api tested doses, namely 30 μM and 60 μM. Phenomena of early apoptosis, late apoptosis and necrosis following incubation with Api were detected by Annexin V-PI double staining. The flavone interfered with the mitochondrial respiration by modulating both glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways for ATP production. The metabolic activity of human dendritic cells (DCs) under LPS-activation was clearly attenuated by stimulation with high concentrations of Api. Il-6 and IL-10 secretion was almost completely blocked while TNF alpha secretion was reduced by about 60%. Api elicited antiangiogenic properties in a dose-dependent manner. Both concentrations of Api influenced tumour cell growth and migration, inducing a limited tumour area inside the application ring, associated with a low number of capillaries.
Aim: Predicting future changes in species richness in response to climate change is one of the key challenges in biogeography and conservation ecology. Stacked species distribution models (S‐SDMs) are a commonly used tool to predict current and future species richness. Macroecological models (MEMs), regression models with species richness as response variable, are a less computationally intensive alternative to S‐SDMs. Here, we aim to compare the results of two model types (S‐SDMS and MEMs), for the first time for more than 14,000 species across multiple taxa globally, and to trace the uncertainty in future predictions back to the input data and modelling approach used.
Location: Global land, excluding Antarctica.
Taxon: Amphibians, birds and mammals.
Methods: We fitted S‐SDMs and MEMs using a consistent set of bioclimatic variables and model algorithms and conducted species richness predictions under current and future conditions. For the latter, we used four general circulation models (GCMs) under two representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP6.0). Predicted species richness was compared between S‐SDMs and MEMs and for current conditions also to extent‐of‐occurrence (EOO) species richness patterns. For future predictions, we quantified the variance in predicted species richness patterns explained by the choice of model type, model algorithm and GCM using hierarchical cluster analysis and variance partitioning.
Results: Under current conditions, species richness predictions from MEMs and S‐SDMs were strongly correlated with EOO‐based species richness. However, both model types over‐predicted areas with low and under‐predicted areas with high species richness. Outputs from MEMs and S‐SDMs were also highly correlated among each other under current and future conditions. The variance between future predictions was mostly explained by model type.
Main conclusions: Both model types were able to reproduce EOO‐based patterns in global terrestrial vertebrate richness, but produce less collinear predictions of future species richness. Model type by far contributes to most of the variation in the different future species richness predictions, indicating that the two model types should not be used interchangeably. Nevertheless, both model types have their justification, as MEMs can also include species with a restricted range, whereas S‐SDMs are useful for looking at potential species‐specific responses.
Extending the data set used in Beyer (2009) to 2017, we estimate I(1) and I(2) money demand models for euro area M3. After including two broken trends and a few dummies to account for shifts in the variables following the global financial crisis and the ECB's non-standard monetary policy measures, we find that the money demand and the real wealth relations identified in Beyer (2009) have remained remarkably stable throughout the extended sample period. Testing for price homogeneity in the I(2) model we find that the nominal-to-real transformation is not rejected for the money relation whereas the wealth relation cannot be expressed in real terms.
Bromodomains (BRDs) are conserved protein interaction modules which recognize (read) acetyl-lysine modifications, however their role(s) in regulating cellular states and their potential as targets for the development of targeted treatment strategies is poorly understood. Here we present a set of 25 chemical probes, selective small molecule inhibitors, covering 29 human bromodomain targets. We comprehensively evaluate the selectivity of this probe-set using BROMOscan and demonstrate the utility of the set identifying roles of BRDs in cellular processes and potential translational applications. For instance, we discovered crosstalk between histone acetylation and the glycolytic pathway resulting in a vulnerability of breast cancer cell lines under conditions of glucose deprivation or GLUT1 inhibition to inhibition of BRPF2/3 BRDs. This chemical probe-set will serve as a resource for future applications in the discovery of new physiological roles of bromodomain proteins in normal and disease states, and as a toolset for bromodomain target validation.
A case of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) of the lung in a patient with a history of breast cancer
(2019)
Background: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare progressive cystic and nodular disease of the lung characterized by smooth muscle cell proliferation. LAM predominantly affects young premenopausal women. This report is of a case of LAM presenting in a 47-year-old woman with a past history of breast cancer and discusses the possibility of an association between the two conditions.
Case report: A 47-year-old woman presented as an emergency with an exacerbation of a four-month history of shortness of breath and dry cough. Her symptoms began following the start of anti-hormonal treatment with letrozole and goserelin acetate for a moderately differentiated (grade 2) invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (pT2, pN0, M0) which was positive for expression of estrogen receptor (ER+), progesterone receptor (PR+), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+). Until the previous four months, she had breast-conserving treatment with radiotherapy and tamoxifen therapy. Following hospital admission, she was found to be in type I respiratory failure. Chest X-ray, lung computed tomography (CT), and positron-emission tomography (PET) showed diffuse cystic and nodular lung lesions, consistent with a diagnosis of LAM, and antihormonal therapy was discontinued. She developed pericarditis that was treated with the anti-inflammatory agent, colchicine. Treatment with letrozole and sirolimus improved her respiratory symptoms.
Conclusions: A rare case of LAM is presented in a woman with a recent history of breast cancer. Because both tumors were hormone-dependent, this may support common underlying gene associations and signaling pathways between the two types of tumor.
We tested 6–7-year-olds, 18–22-year-olds, and 67–74-year-olds on an associative memory task that consisted of knowledge-congruent and knowledge-incongruent object–scene pairs that were highly familiar to all age groups. We compared the three age groups on their memory congruency effect (i.e., better memory for knowledge-congruent associations) and on a schema bias score, which measures the participants’ tendency to commit knowledge-congruent memory errors. We found that prior knowledge similarly benefited memory for items encoded in a congruent context in all age groups. However, for associative memory, older adults and, to a lesser extent, children overrelied on their prior knowledge, as indicated by both an enhanced congruency effect and schema bias. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) performed during memory encoding revealed an age-independent memory x congruency interaction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Furthermore, the magnitude of vmPFC recruitment correlated positively with the schema bias. These findings suggest that older adults are most prone to rely on their prior knowledge for episodic memory decisions, but that children can also rely heavily on prior knowledge that they are well acquainted with. Furthermore, the fMRI results suggest that the vmPFC plays a key role in the assimilation of new information into existing knowledge structures across the entire lifespan. vmPFC recruitment leads to better memory for knowledge-congruent information but also to a heightened susceptibility to commit knowledge-congruent memory errors, in particular in children and older adults.
O Brasil, como um país colônia cuja parte considerável da população é formada por imigrantes vindos de várias partes do mundo, possui diversas comunidades em que tais imigrantes se concentram. A fim de preservar parte de suas culturas, esses imigrantes continuam comunicando-se com a língua do seu país de origem. Devido a isso, seus filhos acabam por desenvolver a língua dos pais, juntamente do português, constituindo assim, um ambiente bilíngue. Tendo essas comunidades em mente, pretende-se entender de que forma o desenvolvimento linguístico e pessoal de uma criança pode ser afetado na aquisição quase simultânea de duas línguas, por ocorrer em momentos distintos, mas ainda na infância, e se há interferência de um idioma no outro. Nesse contexto, mesmo que as características das línguas sejam diferentes, há uma competência linguística comum entre as linguagens, o que possibilita que algumas habilidades sejam transferidas de uma língua para outra. Além disso, sabe-se que no léxico de crianças que falam duas línguas, é possível acessar palavras de qualquer uma delas ao mesmo tempo, verificando a conexão entre os idiomas (SCHUETZE, 2001). Para a realização desta pesquisa, a comunidade bilíngue abordada foi no oeste de Santa Catarina, onde concentra-se uma grande população descendente de imigrantes alemães. Foi realizada uma entrevista com dois jovens falantes de português e alemão, junto de seus pais, buscando definir o processo de aquisição das duas línguas na infância e a interferência das mesmas entre si. A análise das informações obtidas teve a influência do conhecimento prévio de uma das autoras da pesquisa, devido à aquisição de linguagem similar. Nos casos investigados, as crianças adquiriram o alemão em casa como primeira língua e o português como segunda em ambiente escolar. Os resultados apontam que ocorre influência de um idioma em outro e que há troca de letras ou palavras, como justifica o code-switching. Pesquisas como esta se fazem necessárias tendo em vista o crescente número de imigrantes vindos ao Brasil, cujos filhos estarão em um ambiente bilíngue, tendo que desenvolver o português enquanto os pais possuem apenas a língua do seu país de origem.
In November 2016, magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected at the Ceboruco Volcano in cooperation with the Centro de Sismología y Volcanología de Occidente (SisVoc, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico). The Ceboruco is a 2280 m high stratovolcano, located in Nayarit State, Mexico. It is placed in the central part of the Tepic-Zacoalco Rift (TZR), which constitutes the north-western end of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Together with Chapala and Colima (in the Jalisco Block), they form the triple rift system developed as a consequence of the ongoing subduction of the Rivera and Cocos oceanic plates beneath the North American continental crust. Although its last eruption occurred in 1870, it is the most active volcano in the area, showing volcanic-earthquake activity together with ongoing vapor emissions. The survey was part of a geothermal project (CeMIEGeo-P24) and focused on the determination of electrical conductivity properties to characterize the deep structure and the geothermal potential of the Volcano. Frequency dependent magnetotelluric response functions were calculated from 25 broadband MT stations, which covered an area of 10 x 10 km2 including its crater, calderas and foreland. The results were interpreted using anisotropic 3-D forward modelling and isotropic 3-D inversion approaches, considering strong topographical effects. The final resistivity model implies a highly conductive layer, reaching from near-surface to approximately 2 km depth, which might be related to a hydrothermal system. Here, mineralized fluids and clay minerals can cause high conductivities around 1 S/m. For longer periods, the principal axes of the MT response tensors (phase tensor, apparent resistivity tensor) are in good agreement with the strike direction of the underlying rift system. However, they are not rendered by the isotropic inversion. Thus the data suggest an anisotropic electrical conductivity at greater depth with its principal axis determined by the response tensors.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a major process in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle in which nitrite and ammonium are converted to dinitrogen gas and water through the highly reactive intermediate hydrazine. So far, it is unknown how anammox organisms convert the toxic hydrazine into nitrogen and harvest the extremely low potential electrons (−750 mV) released in this process. We report the crystal structure and cryo electron microscopy structures of the responsible enzyme, hydrazine dehydrogenase, which is a 1.7 MDa multiprotein complex containing an extended electron transfer network of 192 heme groups spanning the entire complex. This unique molecular arrangement suggests a way in which the protein stores and releases the electrons obtained from hydrazine conversion, the final step in the globally important anammox process.
"Nicht nur Geschichte, auch Geschichtsschreibung wird gemacht", stellte Carola Sachse 2014 in einem Literaturbericht fest, in dem sie die zeithistorische Menschenrechtsforschung der letzten Jahrzehnte kritisch durchleuchtete und eine große Leerstelle konstatierte. Über Frauenrechte, Menschenrechtsaktivistinnen oder Geschlechterverhältnisse fand sich wenig in diesen Studien. Angesprochen auf diese Lücke meinte ein prominenter Experte lapidar: "Man kann nicht alles machen" – eine Antwort, die Sachse mitnichten zufriedenstellte. Dass sie daraufhin mit Roman Birke den vorliegenden Sammelband zu Menschenrechten und Geschlecht konzipierte, ist vor diesem Hintergrund nur folgerichtig. Und die Ergebnisse geben ihr recht: Die Vielgestaltigkeit der Beiträge bestätigt zwar einerseits, dass man wahrlich nicht alles machen kann. Doch wird andererseits auch deutlich, dass die Kategorie Geschlecht bei der Erforschung der Menschenrechtsgeschichte nicht ausgeklammert werden darf. ...
It is a rare and wonderful thing when a book of 383 pages leaves a reader wanting to read more, much more in fact. That is certainly the case with this intriguing collection of thirteen assorted essays on the Rhine economy from 1815 to the present, organized in six broad topical sections: origins, enterprises, sectors and clusters, infrastructures, transport, and environment. ...
Die Untersuchung von graffiti writing als soziokulturelle Praxis hat sich zu einem Forschungstrend entwickelt, ohne dass bislang eine systematische Untersuchung dieses Phänomens vorlag. Diese Lücke schließt nun Lohmann mit einer Herausarbeitung der Charakteristika antiker Graffiti im Kontext pompejanischer Wohnkultur. ...
The volume under review is the result of a conference on historical graffiti held at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich in 2017. The aim of this book is to analyse — for the first time — graffiti from the ancient, medieval and modern periods in their historical and geographical contexts from an interdisciplinary point of view. Following this comparative approach the authors show the tremendous potential of this nascent area of research by investigating epigraphic material that has been neglected and underestimated by scholars for a long time. ...