Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (344)
- Preprint (31)
- Doctoral Thesis (20)
- Part of a Book (2)
- Conference Proceeding (2)
Language
- English (399) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (399)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (399)
Keywords
- Invasive species (11)
- Biogeography (10)
- Biodiversity (9)
- taxonomy (8)
- Thailand (5)
- phylogeny (5)
- Community ecology (4)
- Crustacea (4)
- Ecological modelling (4)
- Ecology (4)
- Giraffa (4)
- Mollusca (4)
- Phylogeny (4)
- forensic entomology (4)
- new species (4)
- systematics (4)
- Antarctica (3)
- Anura (3)
- Ascomycota (3)
- Asian bush mosquito (3)
- Birds (3)
- Conservation biology (3)
- DNA barcoding (3)
- Ecological speciation (3)
- Evolution (3)
- Fungi (3)
- Hybridization (3)
- Marine biology (3)
- Oxidative stress (3)
- Positive selection (3)
- Southern Ocean (3)
- Species distribution modelling (3)
- West Africa (3)
- adaptation (3)
- biodiversity (3)
- biogeography (3)
- climate change (3)
- conservation (3)
- evolution (3)
- fungi (3)
- genomics (3)
- global change (3)
- host specificity (3)
- hybridization (3)
- new taxa (3)
- phylogenomics (3)
- speciation (3)
- Adaptation (2)
- Animal personality (2)
- Apomixis (2)
- Asian tiger mosquito (2)
- Basidiomycetes (2)
- Basidiomycota (2)
- Benthos (2)
- COI (2)
- COII (2)
- Canis lupus (2)
- Central America (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Comparative genomics (2)
- East Africa (2)
- Ecological networks (2)
- Ecosystem services (2)
- Endocrine disruption (2)
- Environmental sciences (2)
- Europe (2)
- Evolutionary ecology (2)
- Freshwater ecology (2)
- Gene flow (2)
- Genetics (2)
- German people (2)
- Human well-being (2)
- Introgression (2)
- Invertebrates (2)
- Life-history evolution (2)
- Local adaptation (2)
- Malpighiales (2)
- Mammals (2)
- Metazoan parasite fauna (2)
- Micropollutants (2)
- NTFPs (2)
- Parasites (2)
- Phylogenetics (2)
- Poecilia (2)
- Polymers (2)
- Population genomics (2)
- Potamopyrgus antipodarum (2)
- Predation (2)
- Reptilia (2)
- Sequence alignment (2)
- Speciation (2)
- Squamata (2)
- Symbiosis (2)
- Taxonomy (2)
- Transcriptome (2)
- Trichoptera (2)
- Ursidae (2)
- WAF (2)
- Westafrika (2)
- Zoonotic diseases (2)
- bioacoustics (2)
- biospeleology (2)
- climate (2)
- community assembly (2)
- comparative genomics (2)
- dispersal (2)
- flow cytometry (2)
- gene flow (2)
- genetic diversity (2)
- giraffe (2)
- land use (2)
- low-dose effects (2)
- maladaptation (2)
- molecular identification (2)
- molecular phylogenetics (2)
- mtDNA (2)
- phylogenetic network (2)
- phylogenetic signal (2)
- phylogeography (2)
- population genetics (2)
- population structure (2)
- predator recognition (2)
- retrotransposition (2)
- runs of homozygosity (2)
- smut fungi (2)
- species distribution model (2)
- species richness (2)
- temperature (2)
- whole-genome sequencing (2)
- 10 new taxa (1)
- 16S barcodes (1)
- 16S mtDNA (1)
- 17a-ethinylestradiol (1)
- 2030 Agenda (1)
- AChE inhibition (1)
- AFLP (1)
- ANOSIM (1)
- Abundance (1)
- Abyssal (1)
- Acacia (1)
- Aculifera (1)
- Acute toxicity (1)
- Adaptive sequence evolution (1)
- Advanced treatment technologies (1)
- Aedes aegypti (1)
- Aedes albopictus (1)
- Aerosol (1)
- Afrique de l'Ouest (1)
- Afrique de l’Ouest (1)
- Afrotheria (1)
- Agaricales (1)
- Agaricomycotina (1)
- Agroecology (1)
- Agyriales (1)
- Aichi targets (1)
- Akaike information criterion (1)
- Alburnoides bipunctatus (1)
- Allopatric diversification (1)
- Altitudinal (1)
- Ameisen (1)
- Ameisenpflanzen (1)
- American crocodile (1)
- América Central (1)
- Anamorphic fungi (1)
- Androgen (1)
- Angolan giraffe (1)
- Anguillicoloides crassus (1)
- Animal behavior (1)
- Animal flight (1)
- Animal navigation (1)
- Animal phylogenetics (1)
- Animal replacement (1)
- Animal wings (1)
- Anisakid nematodes (1)
- Anisakidae (1)
- Annelida (1)
- Antarctic parasites (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Aquatic invasion (1)
- Aquatic invertebrates (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Araneae (1)
- Araneomorphae (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic adaptation (1)
- Arctic fox (1)
- Artenrückgang (1)
- Arthropoda (1)
- Assortative mating (1)
- Astaxanthin Synthase (1)
- Atakora mountain chain (1)
- Atelopus carbonerensis (1)
- Atelopus mucubajiensis (1)
- Atelopus tamaense (1)
- Australian marsupials (1)
- Autecology (1)
- Avian Clock gene (1)
- Axonal tracing (1)
- BMR (1)
- Baltic Sea (1)
- Baseline toxicity (1)
- Bathydraconinae (1)
- Batrachochytrium dentrobatidis (Bd) (1)
- Bayesian information criterion (1)
- Baylisascaris procyonis (1)
- Behavioral reaction norms (1)
- Behavioral specialization (1)
- Behavioral syndromes (1)
- Behavioral type (1)
- Beta-diversity (1)
- Binoculars (1)
- BioFrankfurt (1)
- Biodiversity loss (1)
- Biodiversity tools and pipelines (1)
- Biodiversität (1)
- Biogeographical representativeness (1)
- Biogeographie (1)
- Biogeography of disease (1)
- Biologging (1)
- Biological indicators (1)
- Biological invasion (1)
- Biomonitoring (1)
- Biotest (1)
- Bird flight (1)
- Bird physiology (1)
- Bisphenol A (1)
- Blech- und Metallwarenindustrie (1)
- Blow fly (1)
- Boidae (1)
- Borrelia (1)
- Botany (1)
- Botswana (1)
- Bottled water (1)
- Brassicales (1)
- Bromeliads (1)
- Bufonidae (1)
- Buoyancy (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- C-value (1)
- C. grani (1)
- C. radiatus (1)
- C. wailesii (1)
- CAI-1 (1)
- CCD Camera (1)
- CSO (1)
- Caddisfly (1)
- Camera trapping (1)
- Canary Current (1)
- Canis lupus familiaris (1)
- Carbohydrate active enzymes (1)
- Carychium (1)
- Catalogs (1)
- Cave animal, ecotone (1)
- Cave fish (1)
- Cave-dwelling species (1)
- Centric diatom (1)
- Cephalic sensory organs (1)
- Cerebral nerves (1)
- Cestode community (1)
- Chaenodraco wilsoni (1)
- Champsocephalus gunnari (1)
- Channichthyidae (1)
- Chemical communication (1)
- Chemical contamination (1)
- Chemical pollution (1)
- Chemicals of emerging concern (1)
- Chicken (1)
- Chicken embryo (1)
- China (1)
- Chiquitano Dry Forest (1)
- Chironomidae (1)
- Chironomus piger (1)
- Chironomus riparius (1)
- Chiton (1)
- Chiwondo Beds (1)
- Chocó rainforest (1)
- Chorion (1)
- Chromosome number (1)
- Chrysomya chani (1)
- Chrysomya megacephala (1)
- Cladocera (1)
- Claims on land (1)
- Climate-change ecology (1)
- Climatic habitat suitability (1)
- Coccoidea (1)
- Codon models (1)
- Coevolution (1)
- Commercial pesticide preparations (1)
- Common ragweed (1)
- Communication center (1)
- Comparative Genomics (1)
- Conservation biogeography (1)
- Contact microradiography (1)
- Contracaecum (1)
- Core effectors (1)
- Core marking (1)
- Coscinodiscus concinnus (1)
- Cretaceous warming (1)
- Croatia (1)
- Crocodylus acutus (1)
- Crude oil (1)
- Cryptic diversity (1)
- Cryptic species (1)
- Cultivation (1)
- Cybertaxonomy (1)
- DNA-based taxonomy (1)
- Daily flight activity (1)
- Daphnia (1)
- Data management (1)
- Data sharing (1)
- Data standard (1)
- Data standards (1)
- Databases (1)
- Datenarchivierung (1)
- De novo assembly (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Demersal fish (1)
- Dentin (1)
- Dentition (1)
- Depth (1)
- Deutschland / Abwasserverordnung (1)
- Development (1)
- Developmental biology (1)
- Diferential delay equation (1)
- Diptera (1)
- Direkteinleiter (1)
- Discovery (1)
- Dispersal (1)
- Dispersal modes (1)
- Dispersant (1)
- Dissemination (1)
- Distribution (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Domatien (1)
- Domestic animals (1)
- Dothideomycetes (1)
- Downy mildew (1)
- Drought (1)
- Duganella (1)
- Dysgonomonas (1)
- EBV (1)
- Earthworms (1)
- Eastern boundary upwelling ecosystem (1)
- East–west divide (1)
- Ech (1)
- Ecological niche modeling (1)
- Economic botany (1)
- Ecosystem ecology (1)
- Ecosystem effects (1)
- Ecosystem integrity (1)
- Ecosystems (1)
- Ecotoxicological assessment (1)
- Ecotoxicological status class (1)
- Ectatosticta (1)
- Ectoparasites (1)
- Ecuador (1)
- Effector Genes (1)
- Einkommen (1)
- Eisen- (1)
- Elephants (1)
- Eltonian noise hypothesis (1)
- Emerging contaminants (ECs) (1)
- Endocrine disrupting chemical (1)
- Endogenous heat load (1)
- Energy (1)
- Energy reserves (1)
- England (1)
- Entyloma microsporum complex (1)
- Entyloma ranunculi-repentis complex (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Environmental microbiology (1)
- Environmental risk assessment (1)
- Environmental variables (1)
- Eocene; pit organs (1)
- Ephemeroptera (1)
- Ephippia (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Essential biodiversity variables (1)
- Estrogen receptor (1)
- Ethnobotany (1)
- Eutheria (1)
- Evaluation matrix (1)
- Evolutionary Biology (1)
- Evolutionary ecotoxicology (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Expression analysis (1)
- Extremophile teleosts (1)
- Fate (1)
- Fatty acid metabolism (1)
- Feeding behavior (1)
- Feeding types (1)
- Fish (1)
- Fisheries (1)
- Flora (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flowering phenology (1)
- Flowers (1)
- Food ecology (1)
- Food packaging (1)
- Food processing (1)
- Food-web (1)
- Forensic entomology (1)
- Forensic science (1)
- Forensics (1)
- Forest ecology (1)
- Forest resources (1)
- Fraßschaden (1)
- Freshwater (1)
- Fruit body (1)
- Functional traits (1)
- Fungal evolution (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium graminearum (1)
- GC content (1)
- GMYC (1)
- GPS collar (1)
- Gambusia (1)
- Gambusia affinis (1)
- Gambusia holbrooki (1)
- Gammarus fossarum (1)
- Gammarus roeselii (1)
- Ganoderic acids (1)
- Ganoderma lingzhi (1)
- Ganoderma lucidum (1)
- Ganodermataceae (1)
- Gastropoda (1)
- Gekkonidae (1)
- Generation time (1)
- Genetic variation (1)
- Genetic wildlife monitoring (1)
- Genome Assembly (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Gerlachea australis (1)
- Germany (1)
- Global (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Globaler Wandel (1)
- Glomosporiaceae (1)
- Gonad (1)
- Gonads (1)
- Gradient (1)
- Green ash (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Growth rate (1)
- Gymnodraco acuticeps (1)
- Hair sampling (1)
- Hantavirus (1)
- Hatching experiments (1)
- Helicellinae (1)
- Hengduan Mountains (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- Himalaya (1)
- Hirudinea (1)
- Hispaniola (1)
- Homing behavior (1)
- Hominins (1)
- Homo (1)
- Homo erectus (1)
- Homology (1)
- Host Jump (1)
- Host specificity (1)
- Humid Chaco (1)
- Hybridisation (1)
- Hydrochory (1)
- Hydrogen sulfide (1)
- Hydromorphology (1)
- Hydrophyten (1)
- Hyperparasitism (1)
- Hypochilidae (1)
- Hyraxes (1)
- ICN (1)
- Identification (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Imidacloprid (1)
- Immune function (1)
- In vitro (1)
- In vitro assays (1)
- In vitro bioassay (1)
- Indirekteinleiter (1)
- Industrieabwasser (1)
- Integrative taxonomy (1)
- Intermediate host (1)
- Interspecific competition (1)
- Intraspecific divergence (1)
- Invasive alien species (1)
- Iridaceae (1)
- Iridoideae (1)
- Ixodes (1)
- JIP-test (1)
- Janthinobacterium (1)
- Kosmopoliten (1)
- LINE-1 (1)
- LTER (1)
- LVSPE (1)
- Laboratory (1)
- Lake Constance (1)
- Land invasion (1)
- Latrunculia (1)
- Leaf clearing (1)
- Lepidoptera (1)
- Lesser Antilles (1)
- Life cycle strategy (1)
- Ling-zhi (1)
- Lingzhi (1)
- Localized defecation (1)
- Long-term ecological monitoring (1)
- Long‐term ecosystem research (1)
- Low-copy nuclear gene (1)
- Lure sticks (1)
- Lyme borreliosis (1)
- Lyme disease (1)
- Macrophysiology (1)
- Macropus (1)
- Malawi (1)
- Malawi Rift (1)
- Mammalian genomics (1)
- Marine biodiversity (1)
- Marine ecology (1)
- Marine ecosystems (1)
- Marine food webs (1)
- Marisa cornuarietis (1)
- Masculinization (1)
- Mate choice (1)
- Maxent (1)
- McDonald-Kreitman test (1)
- Mediation (1)
- Medicinal plants (1)
- Mediterranean (1)
- Messel Formation (1)
- Metabolic critical temperatures (1)
- Meteorology (1)
- Mexico (1)
- Micro CT (1)
- Microalgae (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbiota (1)
- Microplastic-biota interaction (1)
- Microsatellites (1)
- Microthlaspi erraticum (1)
- Microtox (1)
- Middle Eastern biodiversity (1)
- Migration (1)
- MinION (1)
- Mitogenomics (1)
- Mittelmeerraum (1)
- Mixture risk assessment (1)
- Model complexity (1)
- Model of evolution (1)
- Molars (1)
- Molecular clock (1)
- Monographie (1)
- Moraea Mill. (1)
- Morphological traits (1)
- Morphometrics (1)
- Morphometry (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Mosquitofish (1)
- Multigeneration life-cycle test (1)
- Multiple stressors (1)
- Multixenobiotic resistance activity (1)
- Museum collections (1)
- Museum samples (1)
- Mushroom (1)
- Mutualismus (1)
- Myanmar (1)
- Myotis myotis (1)
- Myrmekophytie (1)
- NOAEC (1)
- Namibia (1)
- Nanoplastics (1)
- Natricidae (1)
- Natural product synthesis (1)
- Nature (1)
- Nature reserve (1)
- Naturschutz (1)
- Nealotus tripes (1)
- Neobiota (1)
- Neogobius melanostomus (1)
- Neomeniomorpha (1)
- Neopagetopsis ionah (1)
- Neotropical fungi (1)
- Neotropics (1)
- Neozoan (1)
- Neutron Computed Tomography (1)
- Neutron Imaging (1)
- Neutron Radiography (1)
- New species (1)
- Nf2 (1)
- Niche differentiation (1)
- Nicht-Holz-Waldprodukte (1)
- Nichtholzprodukte (1)
- Non-invasive sampling (1)
- Non-target analysis (1)
- Noninvasive genetic sampling (1)
- Normative dimension (1)
- North Sea (1)
- Notoryctes (1)
- Nucella lapillus (1)
- Nutzwert (1)
- Oaks (1)
- Obligate biotroph (1)
- Observation (1)
- Olpidiopsis (1)
- Oomycetes (1)
- Oomycota (1)
- Opisthobranchia (1)
- Orangutans (1)
- Orchideen (1)
- Ostropomycetidae (1)
- Ovary (1)
- Overcompensation (1)
- Oyster farming (1)
- Oysters (1)
- PFNL (1)
- PFNLx (1)
- PTP (1)
- Pagetopsis macropterus (1)
- Palaeontology (1)
- Paleobiology (1)
- Paleoclimate (1)
- Paleontology (1)
- Panama (1)
- Panpulmonata (1)
- Panthera onca (1)
- Papierindustrie (1)
- Parachaenichthys charcoti (1)
- Paraguay (1)
- Parameter space (1)
- Paranthropus (1)
- Parasite genetics (1)
- Parasite infection (1)
- Parasites of elasmobranchs (1)
- Parasitic infection (1)
- Particulate matter (1)
- Pathosystem (1)
- Peracarida (1)
- Peracarids (1)
- Peronospora belbahrii (1)
- Peronospora lamii (1)
- Peronospora salviae-officinalis (1)
- Personality (1)
- Personality differences (1)
- Personality traits (1)
- Pertusaria (1)
- Pertusariales (1)
- Pflanzenameisen (1)
- Pflanzengeografie (1)
- Pflanzensoziologie (1)
- Phenotype (1)
- Photorhabdus (1)
- Phylloscopidae (1)
- Phylloscopus (1)
- Phylogenetic analysis (1)
- Phylogenomics (1)
- Phylogeography (1)
- Physiological parameters (1)
- Phytohormones (1)
- Pigeons (1)
- Plagiorchis muris (1)
- Plant collections (1)
- Plant functional type (1)
- Plant pathogen (1)
- Plastic bottles (1)
- Plastic packaging (1)
- Plecoptera (1)
- Pleistocene glaciations (1)
- Pleistocene populations (1)
- Pliocene (1)
- Pliocene–Pleistocene (1)
- Ploidy (1)
- Poecilia mexicana (1)
- Poeciliidae (1)
- Pollutants (1)
- Polychaeta (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polypedates (1)
- Polyplacophora (1)
- Polyploidy (1)
- Polyporales (1)
- Pongo (1)
- Pontisma (1)
- Pool-Seq (1)
- Population continuity (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Population genetics (1)
- Population size (1)
- Positive Selection (1)
- Postglacial colonization (1)
- Potentilla (1)
- Predator–prey interaction (1)
- Predictability (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Premating isolation (1)
- Promoters (1)
- Protracted speciation (1)
- Pseudochaenichthys georgianus (1)
- Pseudoterranova (1)
- Public health (1)
- Puumala virus (1)
- QSARs (1)
- RNA sequencing (1)
- Raccoon () (1)
- Raccoon (Procyon lotor) (1)
- Raccoon dog (1)
- Racovitzia glacialis (1)
- Rain (1)
- Ranunculaceae (1)
- Rapid evolution (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Rearing temperature (1)
- Red fox (1)
- Reishi (1)
- Relative importance index (1)
- Relic area (1)
- Reproduction (1)
- Reproduction mode (1)
- Reproductive isolation (1)
- Reproductive potential (1)
- Research infrastructure (1)
- Resource competition (1)
- Retrotransposon (1)
- Revision (1)
- Risk drivers (1)
- Risk metrics (risk quotients, toxic units, hazard units) (1)
- River pollution (1)
- Rodent-associated infections (1)
- Roosting place (1)
- Rosaceae (1)
- Rotenone (1)
- Ruderalarten (1)
- RxLR effectors (1)
- SINE (1)
- SNP (1)
- SNP genotyping (1)
- SPAD (1)
- STACEY (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Sap flow (1)
- Saprolegnia (1)
- Savanne (1)
- Schmierläuse (1)
- Science–society interactions (1)
- Seasonal fluctuation (1)
- Seasonal trend decomposition (1)
- Seasons (1)
- Secondary dispersal (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Seed mass (1)
- Seed morphology (1)
- Segetalarten (1)
- Seicercus (1)
- Sensitive species (1)
- Sensitivity (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Serranía de Tabasará (1)
- Serranía de Talamanca (1)
- Sex differentiation (1)
- Sex reversal (1)
- Sexual selection (1)
- Shark and ray conservation (1)
- Sibling species (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Sint Maarten (1)
- Sipuncula (1)
- Site networks (1)
- Smut Fungi (1)
- Socio-cultural factors (1)
- Socio-ecology (1)
- Solenidae (1)
- Sources (1)
- South African giraffe (1)
- Southeast Asia (1)
- Spatio-temporal patterns (1)
- Species composition (1)
- Species diversity (1)
- Species extinction (1)
- Species identification (1)
- Spinturnix myoti (1)
- Spirochetes (1)
- Sponges (1)
- Stage-structured model (1)
- StagePop (1)
- Stewardship (1)
- Stewardship and dissemination (1)
- Substitute (1)
- Subterranean environment (1)
- Subtropical East-Atlantic (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Suspended solids (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainability research (1)
- Svalbard (1)
- Swimming (1)
- Symbiose (1)
- Südostasien (1)
- Target screening (1)
- Tasmanian devil (1)
- Taxonomie (1)
- Taxonomy crisis (1)
- Teeth (1)
- Temporal variation (1)
- Territorial songs (1)
- Testis (1)
- Testosterone (1)
- The D-statistic (1)
- Thecadactylus (1)
- Thermal desorption GC–MS (1)
- Thermal pollution (1)
- Therophyten (1)
- Tick (1)
- Tick-borne diseases (1)
- Tiger mosquito (1)
- Tools and pipelines (1)
- Tooth wear (1)
- Tortoise beetles (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxizität (1)
- Traditional medicine (1)
- Traits (1)
- Transposable elements (1)
- Trichiurus lepturus (1)
- Triterpenic acids (1)
- Tuber aestivum (1)
- U2-OS (1)
- Urban ecology (1)
- Urodela (1)
- Ursus arctos (1)
- Usefulness (1)
- Ustilaginaceae (1)
- Ustilaginomycotina (1)
- Vector (1)
- Vector borne diseases (1)
- Vector mosquito (1)
- Vectorpathogen-host (1)
- Vein density (1)
- Vein networks (1)
- Vulpes lagopus (1)
- Vulpes vulpes (1)
- Wald als Lebensgrundlage (1)
- Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents (1)
- Water Framework Directive (1)
- Water chemistry (1)
- Water relations (1)
- Weddell Sea (1)
- Whales (1)
- White-rot (1)
- Whole Effluent Assessment (1)
- Whole-genome sequencing (1)
- Wide-scope chemical target screening (1)
- Wind dispersal (1)
- Wing morphometry (1)
- Wirbellose (1)
- Wirtspflanzen (1)
- Wolbachia (1)
- Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (1)
- Xenoestrogens (1)
- Yeast estrogen screen (1)
- Yellow fever mosquito (1)
- ZF-L (1)
- Zahn-Wellens test (1)
- Zahn-Wellens-Test (1)
- Zeigerwerte (1)
- Zoology (1)
- Zoonoses (1)
- Zospeum (1)
- aboveground biomass (1)
- abundance (1)
- acclimation (1)
- activity sensors (1)
- air pressure (1)
- aliment sauvage (1)
- allozymes (1)
- alteración por descarga (1)
- ames fluctuation assay (1)
- amplexus (1)
- amplicon sequencing (1)
- aniline blue (1)
- ant-plants (1)
- antipredator behavior (1)
- aposematism (1)
- archeological modeling (1)
- archivage des données (1)
- asexual fungi (1)
- assembly (1)
- automated conservation assessment (1)
- avian magnetic compass (1)
- bacterial communities (1)
- bacterium-fungus interaction (1)
- barrier loci (1)
- basal oomycetes (1)
- bears (1)
- bioassay (1)
- bioassays (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biodiversity education (1)
- biodiversity hotspots (1)
- biodiversity network (1)
- biodiversity networks (1)
- biodiversity research (1)
- biogeographic legaciese (1)
- biological archives (1)
- biome (1)
- biomod (1)
- biosynthetic gene clusters (1)
- bisphenol A (1)
- blow flies (1)
- blow fly (1)
- boreotropics (1)
- bottleneck (1)
- brassicaceae (1)
- bromeliads (1)
- brown bear (1)
- caddisflies (1)
- calentamiento climático (1)
- cancer (1)
- cancer-associated fibroblasts (1)
- candidate genes (1)
- carbon-13 (1)
- cave-dwelling species (1)
- caves (1)
- chloroplast capture (1)
- chromium de novo assembly (1)
- chromosomal aberrations (1)
- chromosome number (1)
- chronosequence (1)
- citation index (1)
- climate change-induced range shifts (1)
- climate warming (1)
- clumped isotopes (1)
- coalescence (1)
- cold tolerance (1)
- coloration (1)
- coluteocarpeae (1)
- community composition (1)
- community ecology (1)
- community-weighted mean (1)
- compaction (1)
- confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- connaissances écologiques traditionnelles (1)
- continental drift (1)
- control region (1)
- convergent evolution (1)
- cosmopolitan (1)
- cosmopolite (1)
- costs (1)
- cpDNA (1)
- crude oil (1)
- cryptic species (1)
- cryptochrome 1a (1)
- cuticular hydrocarbons (1)
- cytochrome oxidase (1)
- data archiving (1)
- data integration (1)
- data pruning (1)
- dataset (1)
- deadwood experiments (1)
- declinación rápida de abundancia (1)
- decline (1)
- deep-sea sponge (1)
- demographic inference (1)
- demography (1)
- dental morphology (1)
- desaturase (1)
- developmental temperature (1)
- diagenesis (1)
- diatom parasites (1)
- differentially expressed genes (1)
- digital age determination (1)
- discharge alteration (1)
- discorhabdin (1)
- disequilibrium (1)
- distribution pattern (1)
- diversidad de especies (1)
- diversity metrics (1)
- diversity of species (1)
- domatia (1)
- données écologiques (1)
- dynamic temperature (1)
- déclin d’espèce revenu (1)
- dépendance des forêts (1)
- early fire (1)
- ecological data (1)
- ecological niche modelling (1)
- ecological speciation (1)
- ecological versatility (1)
- ecotoxicology (1)
- ectotherm (1)
- education (1)
- elongase (1)
- enamel (1)
- enamel thickness (1)
- endocrine disrupting chemicals (1)
- endocrine disruption (1)
- endocrine disruptor (1)
- ensemble forecasting consensus model (1)
- environmental DNA (1)
- environmental conditions (1)
- environmental factors (1)
- environmental niche (1)
- environmental variables (1)
- epiphytism (1)
- espèces rudérales (1)
- espèces ségétales (1)
- essbare Wildpflanzen (1)
- estradiol equivalents (1)
- eutroglobiont gastropod (1)
- evolutionary biology (1)
- evolutionary history (1)
- feeding (1)
- female choice (1)
- fin whales (1)
- fish bones (1)
- fitness (1)
- fixed average (1)
- flavin redox cycle (1)
- flesh flies (1)
- food quality (1)
- forensics (1)
- forest classification (1)
- forest dependency (1)
- forest functional similarity (1)
- forest management (1)
- forest tree (1)
- formicine (1)
- freeze avoidance (1)
- freshwater (1)
- freshwater ecology (1)
- freshwater ecosystems (1)
- fruit body (1)
- functional traits (1)
- gene sequence data (1)
- gene signature (1)
- gene-flow (1)
- generalized additive model (1)
- genetic differentiation (1)
- genome analysis (1)
- genomic base composition (1)
- genotoxicity (1)
- geographic distributions (1)
- geomorphology (1)
- global climate change (1)
- habitat destruction (1)
- habitat filter (1)
- hardwood (1)
- hazard assessment (1)
- hidden speciation (1)
- high throughput (1)
- hind-casting (1)
- historical biogeography (1)
- holocarpic oomycetes (1)
- hominin adaptation (1)
- human evolution (1)
- human exposure (1)
- human pathogenic Nematoda (1)
- human–environment interaction (1)
- humidity (1)
- hybrid assembly (1)
- hybrid enrichment (1)
- hydrogen sulfide (1)
- hydrophytes (1)
- ice age refugia (1)
- ice coverage (1)
- impact factor (1)
- imposex (1)
- in vitro effects (1)
- income (1)
- incomplete lineage sorting (1)
- indicator values (1)
- indirect discharger (1)
- individual identification (1)
- industrial effluents (1)
- infrared (1)
- insect (1)
- insect abundance (1)
- internal transcribed spacer (1)
- internal transcribed spacer rDNA (1)
- introgression (1)
- introgressive hybridization (1)
- invasion risk assessment (1)
- invasive fish (1)
- kangaroo (1)
- land bridges (1)
- land cover changes (1)
- land degradation (1)
- land snails (1)
- landscape structure (1)
- large carnivores (1)
- larva (1)
- larval morphology, identification (1)
- latitudinal gradient in species richness (1)
- lichen secondary metabolites (1)
- lichen-forming fungi (1)
- life cycle (1)
- life stage association (1)
- life-cycle (1)
- life-form (1)
- light-activation (1)
- livelihood (1)
- local adaptation (1)
- long-term observations (1)
- long-term research (1)
- lowland tropical forest (1)
- ländliche Einkommen (1)
- ländliche Entwicklung (1)
- macrohabitat (1)
- magnesium transporters (1)
- mammals (1)
- mammary carcinoma (1)
- marine invertebrates (1)
- marsupial phylogeny (1)
- marsupials (1)
- mate choice (1)
- mating type (1)
- mayflies (1)
- melanization (1)
- metabolic pathways (1)
- metamorphosis (1)
- micro-CT (1)
- microbiome (1)
- microgastropoda (1)
- microgastropods (1)
- micromorphology (1)
- micronucleus (1)
- micronucleus assay (1)
- microsatellites (1)
- microthlaspi (1)
- mineral water (1)
- mineralized tissues (1)
- mobility (1)
- molecular barcoding (1)
- molecular clock (1)
- molecular docking (1)
- molecular networking (1)
- molecular phylogeny (1)
- molecular species discrimination (1)
- molecular systematics (1)
- monitoring (1)
- morphology (1)
- multi-locus analyses (1)
- multigene analyses (1)
- multigene phylogeny (1)
- multilocus genotype (1)
- multiple stressors (1)
- multispecies coalescent (1)
- multivariate mixed model (1)
- museum collections (1)
- mutational load (1)
- mutational spectrum bias (1)
- mutualism (1)
- myrmecophytes (1)
- nature museums (1)
- near-natural (1)
- neotype (1)
- network analysis (1)
- neutron microtomography (1)
- new combinations (1)
- new primers (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- next-generation sequencing (1)
- nextgeneration sequencing (1)
- noccaea (1)
- noise (1)
- nomenclature (1)
- non-independent mate choice (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- non-timber forest products (1)
- noninvasive species (1)
- oakmoss (1)
- observaciones a largo plazo (1)
- occlusal fingerprint analysis (1)
- off-target reads (1)
- open science (1)
- orchid (1)
- orchidée (1)
- original species description (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxygen-18 (1)
- palaeoecology (1)
- paleoanthropology (1)
- paleoclimate modeling (1)
- paleodiet (1)
- paleoecology (1)
- paleoenvironment modeling (1)
- paleoenvironment reconstruction (1)
- parasites (1)
- personality (1)
- phylogenetic community distance (1)
- phylogenetic conflict (1)
- phylogenetic diversity (1)
- phytodiversity (1)
- phytogeography (1)
- phytogéographie (1)
- phytosociologie (1)
- phytosociology (1)
- plant species distributions (1)
- plant-ants (1)
- plant-microbe interactions (1)
- plastic response (1)
- plastome (1)
- pleomorphic fungi (1)
- ploidy (1)
- polyketide synthases (1)
- polyploidy (1)
- polytomy (1)
- population density (1)
- population genomics (1)
- population growth (1)
- populations rurales pauvres (1)
- portable fluorimeter (1)
- positive selection (1)
- postglacial recolonization (1)
- potential invasion area (1)
- predator avoidance (1)
- predator pressure (1)
- primate evolution (1)
- prioritization (1)
- produits forestiers non ligneux (1)
- prosobranchia (1)
- protected areas (1)
- protected names (1)
- public awareness (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quality control (1)
- quantitative shell variation (1)
- quorum sensing (1)
- radical pairs (1)
- random genetic drift (1)
- range size (1)
- rapid abundance decline (1)
- razor clams (1)
- re-description (1)
- reassembly (1)
- recolonization (1)
- red algae (1)
- refined fuels (1)
- regurgitation pellets (1)
- reintroduction (1)
- rejected names (1)
- relationships (1)
- repeatability (1)
- reproductive isolation (1)
- reproductive toxicity (1)
- reserve substance (1)
- resilience (1)
- resistance (1)
- ressources de base (1)
- retrotransposons (1)
- revenu rural (1)
- review (1)
- ruderal species (1)
- rural income (1)
- rural poor (1)
- salinity (1)
- savane (1)
- savanna ecosystem (1)
- scientific communication (1)
- sea-ice meiofauna (1)
- seafood allergy (1)
- segetal species (1)
- sex ratio (1)
- sexual ornament (1)
- shelf-life (1)
- shell eyes (1)
- shell variability (1)
- short read assembly (1)
- six new taxa (1)
- smut fung (1)
- soil VOCs (1)
- soil bacteria communities (1)
- soil degradation (1)
- soil fungal communities (1)
- soil temperature (1)
- song evolution (1)
- southern Africa (1)
- spatio-temporal analysis (1)
- spatio-temporal evolution (1)
- species complex (1)
- species decline (1)
- species delineation (1)
- species discrimination (1)
- species distribution modeling (1)
- species distribution modelling (1)
- species distribution models (1)
- species groups (1)
- species inventory (1)
- species tree (1)
- specific average (1)
- split decomposition (1)
- stoneflies (1)
- stream macroinvertebrates (1)
- subgenera (1)
- substituts (1)
- subterranean land snail (1)
- sudano-sahelien zone (1)
- superfemale (1)
- sustainability (1)
- systematic diversity (1)
- systems knowledge (1)
- taphonom (1)
- taphonomy (1)
- target knowledge (1)
- taxon sampling (1)
- taxonomic impediment (1)
- taxonomía (1)
- temperature adaptation (1)
- terpene synthases (1)
- the Weddell Sea (1)
- therophytes (1)
- thlaspi (1)
- threats (1)
- thérophytes (1)
- traditional ecological knowledge (1)
- traditionelles ökologisches Wissen (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transcriptional profiling (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transdisciplinarity (1)
- transfer (1)
- transformation knowledge (1)
- transposable element (1)
- transposable elements (1)
- tree moss (1)
- trees (1)
- tributyltin (1)
- tropical Africa (1)
- tropical forests (1)
- tropical fungi (1)
- trypan blue (1)
- type species (1)
- under-ice fauna (1)
- unit nomenclature (1)
- urbanity gradient (1)
- urbanization (1)
- use value (1)
- valeur d'usage (1)
- valeurs indicatrices (1)
- variable selection (1)
- violacein (1)
- vocalización (1)
- vocalization (1)
- volatile organic compounds (1)
- voucherless taxa (1)
- water parameter (1)
- wax layer (1)
- whaling (1)
- wild food (1)
- winter survival (1)
- wood-inhabiting fungi (1)
- worm-mollusc (1)
- xenoestrogen (1)
- zooplankton (1)
- ökologische Daten (1)
Institute
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität (399)
- Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (213)
- Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F) (130)
- Biowissenschaften (94)
- Medizin (14)
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Afrikaforschung (ZIAF) (9)
- Geowissenschaften (6)
- LOEWE-Schwerpunkt für Integrative Pilzforschung (5)
- Institut für sozial-ökologische Forschung (ISOE) (3)
- Exzellenzcluster Makromolekulare Komplexe (2)
Plant pathogenic smut fungi in the broader sense can be divided into the Ustilaginomycetes, which cause classical smut symptoms with masses of blackish spores being produced in a variety of angiosperms, and the Exobasidiomycetes, which are often less conspicuous, as many do not shed large amounts of blackish spores. The leaf-spot causing members of the genus Entyloma (Entylomatales, Exobasidiomycetes) belong to the latter group. Currently, 172 species that all infect eudicots are included in the genus. Vánky (2012) recognised five Entyloma species on species of Ranunculus s.lat. Two have been reported only from Ficaria verna s.lat., while three, E. microsporum, E. ranunculi-repentis, E. verruculosum, have been reported to have a broad host range, encompassing 30, 26, and 5 species of Ranunculus, respectively. This broad host range is in contrast to the generally high host specificity assumed for species of Entyloma, indicating that they may represent complexes of specialised species. The aim of this study was to investigate Entyloma on Ranunculus s.lat. using multigene phylogenies and morphological comparisons. Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of up to four loci (ITS, atp2, ssc1, and map) showed a clustering of Entyloma specimens according to host species. For some of these Entyloma lineages, names not currently in use were available and reinstated. In addition, Entyloma microsporum s.str. is neotypified. Six novel species are described in this study, namely, Entyloma jolantae on Ranunculus oreophilus, E. klenkei on R. marginatus, E. kochmanii on R. lanuginosus, E. piepenbringiae on R. polyanthemos subsp. nemorosus (type host) and R. repens, E. savchenkoi on R. paludosus, and E. thielii on R. montanus. For all species diagnostic bases and morphological characteristics are provided. The results in this study once more highlight the importance of detailed re-investigation of broad host-range pathogens of otherwise specialised plant pathogen groups.
Previous investigations have shown that bisphenol A (BPA) induces a superfeminization syndrome in the freshwater snail Marisa cornuarietis at concentrations as low as 1 μg/L. Superfemales are characterized by the formation of additional female organs, enlarged accessory sex glands, gross malformations of the pallial oviduct, and a stimulation of egg and clutch production, resulting in increased female mortality. However, these studies were challenged on the basis of incomplete experimentation. Therefore, the objective of the current approach was to bridge several gaps in knowledge by conducting additional experiments. In an initial series of experiments, study results from the reproductive phase of the snails were evaluated in the sub-micrograms per liter range. Before and after the spawning season, superfemale responses were observed [NOEC (no observed effect concentration) 7.9 ng/L, EC10 (effective concentration at 10%) 13.9 ng/L], which were absent during the spawning season. A further experiment investigated the temperature dependence of BPA responses by exposing snails at two temperatures in parallel. The adverse effect of BPA was at least partially masked at 27°C (EC10 998 ng/L) when compared with 20°C (EC10 14.8 ng/L). In M. cornuarietis, BPA acts as an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, because effects were completely antagonized by a co-exposure to tamoxifen and Faslodex. Antiandrogenic effects of BPA, such as a significant decrease in penis length at 20°C, were also observed. Competitive receptor displacement experiments indicate the presence of androgen- and estrogen-specific binding sites. The affinity for BPA of the estrogen binding sites in M. cornuarietis is higher than that of the ER in aquatic vertebrates. The results emphasize that prosobranchs are affected by BPA at lower concentrations than are other wildlife groups, and the findings also highlight the importance of exposure conditions.
Biotic interchange after the connection of previously independently evolving floras and faunas is thought to be one of the key factors that shaped global biodiversity as we see it today. However, it was not known how biotic interchange develops over longer time periods of several million years following the secondary contact of different biotas. Here we present a novel method to investigate the temporal dynamics of biotic interchange based on a phylogeographical meta-analysis by calculating the maximal number of observed dispersal events per million years given the temporal uncertainty of the underlying time-calibrated phylogenies. We show that biotic influx from mainland Asia onto the Indian subcontinent after Eocene continental collision was not a uniform process, but was subject to periods of acceleration, stagnancy and decrease. We discuss potential palaeoenvironmental causes for this fluctuation.
Biosynthetic gene content of the "Perfume Lichens" Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea
(2019)
Lichen-forming fungi produce a vast number of unique natural products with a wide variety of biological activities and human uses. Although lichens have remarkable potential in natural product research and industry, the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of lichen metabolites are poorly understood. Here we use genome mining and comparative genomics to assess biosynthetic gene clusters and their putative regulators in the genomes of two lichen-forming fungi, which have substantial commercial value in the perfume industry, Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea. We report a total of 80 biosynthetic gene clusters (polyketide synthases (PKS), non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and terpene synthases) in E. prunastri and 51 in P. furfuracea. We present an in-depth comparison of 11 clusters, which show high homology between the two species. A ketosynthase (KS) phylogeny shows that biosynthetic gene clusters from E. prunastri and P. furfuracea are widespread across the Fungi. The phylogeny includes 15 genomes of lichenized fungi and all fungal PKSs with known functions from the MIBiG database. Phylogenetically closely related KS domains predict not only similar PKS architecture but also similar cluster architecture. Our study highlights the untapped biosynthetic richness of lichen-forming fungi, provides new insights into lichen biosynthetic pathways and facilitates heterologous expression of lichen biosynthetic gene clusters.
Background: Chrysomya megacephala is a blow fly species of medical and forensic importance worldwide. Understanding its bionomics is essential for both designing effective fly control programs and its use in forensic investigations.
Methods: The daily flight activity, seasonal abundance related to abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) and reproductive potential of this species was investigated. Adult flies were sampled twice a month for one year from July 2013 to June 2014 in three different ecotypes (forest area, longan orchard and palm plantation) of Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand, using semi-automatic funnel traps. One-day tainted beef offal was used as bait.
Results: A total of 88,273 flies were sampled, of which 82,800 flies (93.8%) were caught during the day (from 06:00 to 18:00 h); while 5473 flies (6.2%) were caught at night (from 18:00 to 06:00 h). Concurrently, the abundance of C. megacephala was higher in the forest area (n = 31,873; 36.1%) and palm plantation (n = 31,347; 35.5%), compared to the longan orchard (n = 25,053; 28.4%). The number of females was significantly higher than that of males, exhibiting a female to male sex ratio of 2.36:1. Seasonal fluctuation revealed the highest abundance of C. megacephala in summer, but low numbers in the rainy season and winter. Fly density was significantly positively correlated with temperature, but negatively correlated with relative humidity. No correlation between numbers of C. megacephala with rainfall was found. Activity occurred throughout the daytime with high numbers from 06:00 to 18:00 h in summer and 12:00 to 18:00 h in the rainy season and winter. As for the nocturnal flight activity, a small number of flies were collected in summer and the rainy season, while none were collected in the winter. Dissection of the females indicated that fecundity was highest during the rainy season, followed by winter and summer.
Conclusions: Since the assessment of daily, seasonal activity and the reproductive potential of C. megacephala remains a crucial point to be elucidated, this extensive study offers insights into bionomics, which may be considered for integrated fly control strategies and forensic entomology issues.
Biominerals fossilisation: fish bone diagenesis in plio–pleistocene african hominid sites of Malawi
(2020)
Fish fossilisation is relatively poorly known, and skeletal element modifications resulting from predation, burial and diagenesis need to be better investigated. In this article, we aim to provide new results about surface, structural and chemical changes in modern and fossil fish bone. Fossil samples come from two distinct localities of roughly the same age in the Pliocene–Pleistocene Chiwondo Beds adjacent to Lake Malawi. Optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were carried out on three categories of fish bones: (i) fresh modern samples collected in the lake, (ii) extracted from modern fish eagle regurgitation pellets, and (iii) fossils from Malema and Mwenirondo localities. A comparison of these data allowed us to detect various modifications of bone surfaces and structure as well as composition changes. Some differences are observed between fresh bones and modern pellets, and between pellets and fossils. Moreover, fossil fish bone surface modifications, crystallinity, and chemical composition from Malema and Mwenirondo differ despite their chronological and spatial proximities (2.5–2.4 Ma, 500 m). In both sites, the post-predation modifications are strong and may hide alterations due to the predation by bird of prey such as the fish eagle. The combination of the used methods is relevant to analyses of diagenetic alterations in fish bones.
Maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function is critical on national and global scales. However, while only a fraction of the global biodiversity is known, its current decline is unprecedented, making biodiversity hotspots a conservation priority. The Sierra Gorda Biodiversity Reserve (SGBR) in Central Mexico is known for its rich biodiversity. It is an example of the juxtaposition between species discovery and extinction: aquatic species richness is mostly unknown as no efforts have investigated aquatic communities so far, but are already anthropogenically stressed. We hypothesized that invasive species are already well established in various protected areas and investigated this by assessing the threat of invasive species that are already established within the SGBR on the native biodiversity. By combining field sampling with peer-reviewed literature and local reports, we identify the presence of various non-native species in SGBR. Among these non-native species identified were opportunistic predatory fish and potentially-pathogen transmitting molluscs, but also, a habitat engineer capable of modifying ecosystem functions. Moreover, we highlight that these species were introduced despite legislation and without any knowledge among authorities. As a result, we underline the necessity to describe native species, control invasive and prevent the introduction of further non-native species. If accelerated action is not taken, we risk losing a considerable amount of described and unknown freshwater biota. Keywords: Anthropocene, Biodiversity loss, Freshwater, Invasive species, Mexico, Nature reserve.
Gallery forests (GFs) are floristically and functionally distinct forests along rivers and watercourses. The GFs of the West African savannas form thin stripes with a particular, species-rich flora differing significantly from the surrounding vegetation. Due to their relative isolation in the savannas and their dependence on rivers, GFs are particularly endangered by the expected global climate changes in the 21st century. Despite their high diversity, little is known about the ecology and biogeography of GFs in West Africa. Especially, their response to climate changes and their vegetation dynamics remain largely unknown. This thesis combines floristic, phylo-geographic and ecological data to investigate the biodiversity, historical and recent biogeography and conservation status of GF species in Burkina Faso (BFA) as a model for West Africa.
Aim: To provide distribution information and preliminary conservation assessments for all species of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), one of the most diverse and ecologically important plant groups of the American tropics—a global biodiversity hotspot. Furthermore, we aim to analyse patterns of diversity, endemism and the conservation status of the Bromeliaceae on the continental level in the light of their evolutionary history.
Location: The Americas.
Methods: We compiled a dataset of occurrence records for 3,272 bromeliad species (93.4% of the family) and modelled their geographic distribution using either climate‐based species distribution models, convex hulls or geographic buffers dependent on the number of occurrences available. We then combined this data with information on taxonomy and used the ConR software for a preliminary assessment of the conservation status of all species following Criterion B of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Results: Our results stress the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil, the Andean slopes, Central America and the Guiana Highlands as centres of bromeliad diversity and endemism. Phylogenetically ancient subfamilies of bromeliads are centred in the Guiana highlands whereas the large radiations of the group spread across different habitats and large geographic area. A total of 81% of the evaluated bromeliad species are Possibly Threatened with extinction. We provide range polygons for 3,272 species, as well as newly georeferenced point localities for 911 species in the novel “bromeliad” r package, together with functions to generate diversity maps for individual taxonomic or functional groups.
Main conclusions: Diversity centres of the Bromeliaceae agreed with macroecological patterns of other plant and animal groups, but show some particular patterns related to the evolutionary origin of the family, especially ancient dispersal corridors. A staggering 2/3rds of Bromeliaceae species might be threatened with extinction, especially so in tropical rain forests, raising concerns about the conservation of the family and bromeliad‐dependent animal species.
Biodegradation and elimination of industrial wastewater in the context of whole effluent assessment
(2010)
The focus of this thesis is on the assessment of the degradability of indirectly discharged wastewater in municipal treatment plants and on assessing indirectly discharged effluents by coupling the Zahn-Wellens test with effect-based bioassays. With this approach persistent toxicity of an indirectly discharged effluent can be detected and attributed to the respective emission source. In the first study 8 wastewater samples from different industrial sectors were analysed according to the “Whole-Effluent Assessment“ (WEA) approach developed by OSPAR. In another study this concept has been applied with 20 wastewater samples each from paper manufacturing and metal surface treating industry. In the first study generally low to moderate ecotoxic effects of wastewater samples have been determined. One textile wastewater sample was mutagenic in the Ames test and genotoxic in the umu test. The source of these effects could not be identified. After treatment in the Zahn-Wellens test the mutagenicity in the Ames test was eliminated completely while in the umu test genotoxicity could still be observed. Another wastewater sample from chemical industry was mutagenic in the Ames test. The mutagenicity with this wastewater sample was investigated by additional chemical analysis and backtracking. A nitro-aromatic compound (2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline) used for batchwise azo dye synthesis and its transformation products are the probable cause for the mutagenic effects analysed. Testing the mother liquor from dye production confirmed that this partial wastewater stream was mutagenic in the Ames test. The wasteweater samples from paper manufacturing industry of the second study were not toxic or genotoxic in the acute Daphnia test, fish egg test and umu test. In the luminescent bacteria test, moderate toxicity was observed. Wastewater of four paper mills demonstrated elevated or high algae toxicity, which was in line with the results of the Lemna test, which mostly was less sensitive than the algae test. The colouration of the wastewater samples in the visible band did not correlate with algae toxicity and thus is not considered as its primary origin. The algae toxicity in wastewater of the respective paper factory could also not be explained with the thermomechanically produced groundwood pulp (TMP) partial stream. Presumably other raw materials such as biocides might be the source of algae toxicity. In the algae test, often flat dose–response relationships and growth promotion at higher dilution factors have been observed, indicating that several effects are overlapping. The wastewater samples from the printed circuit board and electroplating industries (all indirectly discharged) were biologically pre-treated for 7 days in the Zahn–Wellens test before ecotoxicity testing. Thus, persistent toxicity could be discriminated from non-persistent toxicity caused, e.g. by ammonium or readily biodegradable compounds. With respect to the metal concentrations, all samples were not heavily polluted. The maximum conductivity of the samples was 43,700 micro S cm -1 and indicates that salts might contribute to the overall toxicity. Half of the wastewater samples proved to be biologically well treatable in the Zahn–Wellens test with COD elimination above 80%, whilst the others were insufficiently biodegraded (COD elimination 28–74%). After the pre-treatment in the Zahn–Wellens test, wastewater samples from four companies were extremely ecotoxic especially to algae. Three wastewater samples were genotoxic in the umu test. Applying the rules for salt correction to the test results following the German Wastewater Ordinance, only a small part of toxicity could be attributed to salts. In one factory, the origin of ecotoxicity has been attributed to the organosulphide dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTC) used as a water treatment chemical for metal precipitation. The assumption, based on rough calculation of input of the organosulphide into the wastewater, was confirmed in practice by testing its ecotoxicity at the corresponding dilution ratio after pre-treatment in the Zahn–Wellens test. The results show that bioassays are a suitable tool for assessing the ecotoxicological relevance of these complex organic mixtures. The combination of the Zahn–Wellens test followed by the performance of ecotoxicity tests turned out to be a cost-efficient suitable instrument for the evaluation of indirect dischargers and considers the requirements of the IPPC Directive.
Behavioural traits of individual homing pigeons, Columba livia f. domestica, in their homing flights
(2018)
Homing tracks of two groups of pigeons, Columba livia f. domestica, were analyzed in view of difference between individual birds and correlations between characteristic variables, looking at the initial phase while the pigeons were still at the release site, and the homing phase separately. Individual birds differed significantly in their flying speed during the initial phase, and one pigeon tended to stay longer at the release site than the others. There were no significant differences in steadiness and efficiency, indicating that all pigeons homed equally well. Differences in correlation dimension, a variable reflecting the complexity of the navigational process, reflect differences in the use of navigational information, with one bird apparently using less complex information than others. The flying speed during the initial phase was positively correlated with the flying speed during the homing phase. During the homing phase, the steadiness of flight and the efficiency of homing were closely correlated, and both tended to be positively correlated with the correlation dimension, suggesting that birds that use more complex navigational information home more efficiently.
Ursine bears are a mammalian subfamily that comprises six morphologically and ecologically distinct extant species. Previous phylogenetic analyses of concatenated nuclear genes could not resolve all relationships among bears, and appeared to conflict with the mitochondrial phylogeny. Evolutionary processes such as incomplete lineage sorting and introgression can cause gene tree discordance and complicate phylogenetic inferences, but are not accounted for in phylogenetic analyses of concatenated data. We generated a high-resolution data set of autosomal introns from several individuals per species and of Y-chromosomal markers. Incorporating intraspecific variability in coalescence-based phylogenetic and gene flow estimation approaches, we traced the genealogical history of individual alleles. Considerable heterogeneity among nuclear loci and discordance between nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies were found. A species tree with divergence time estimates indicated that ursine bears diversified within less than 2 My. Consistent with a complex branching order within a clade of Asian bear species, we identified unidirectional gene flow from Asian black into sloth bears. Moreover, gene flow detected from brown into American black bears can explain the conflicting placement of the American black bear in mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies. These results highlight that both incomplete lineage sorting and introgression are prominent evolutionary forces even on time scales up to several million years. Complex evolutionary patterns are not adequately captured by strictly bifurcating models, and can only be fully understood when analyzing multiple independently inherited loci in a coalescence framework. Phylogenetic incongruence among gene trees hence needs to be recognized as a biologically meaningful signal.
Repeated Quaternary glaciations have significantly shaped the present distribution and diversity of several European species in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. To study the phylogeography of freshwater invertebrates, patterns of intraspecific variation have been examined primarily using mitochondrial DNA markers that may yield results unrepresentative of the true species history. Here, population genetic parameters were inferred for a montane aquatic caddisfly, T hremma gallicum , by sequencing a 658‐bp fragment of the mitochondrial CO 1 gene, and 12,514 nuclear RAD loci. T . gallicum has a highly disjunct distribution in southern and central Europe, with known populations in the Cantabrian Mountains, Pyrenees, Massif Central, and Black Forest. Both datasets represented rangewide sampling of T. gallicum . For the CO 1 dataset, this included 352 specimens from 26 populations, and for the RAD dataset, 17 specimens from eight populations. We tested 20 competing phylogeographic scenarios using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC ) and estimated genetic diversity patterns. Support for phylogeographic scenarios and diversity estimates differed between datasets with the RAD data favouring a southern origin of extant populations and indicating the Cantabrian Mountains and Massif Central populations to represent highly diverse populations as compared with the Pyrenees and Black Forest populations. The CO 1 data supported a vicariance scenario (north–south) and yielded inconsistent diversity estimates. Permutation tests suggest that a few hundred polymorphic RAD SNP s are necessary for reliable parameter estimates. Our results highlight the potential of RAD and ABC‐based hypothesis testing to complement phylogeographic studies on non‐model species.
Algae as primary producers are highly important in aquatic ecosystems and provide a variety of environmental and anthropogenic services. In small lotic ecosystems in agriculturally influenced landscapes, algae are often the main constituent of the base of the food web and they contribute considerably to biodiversity. Within these small lotic ecosystems, algae are influenced by both natural stressors, such as flow regime and dry-out events, and anthropogenic factors. Agricultural practices especially influence algal communities by introducing plant protection products (PPP) and fertilizers into the water. The impacts of these exposures and how they affect planktonic algae in particular are not yet well studied in small lotic ecosystems. However, the protection of algae as primary producers is of high relevance and was thus included in official biomonitoring programs such as the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) or in risk assessment of e.g. PPPs. Hence, this thesis addresses this knowledge gap and links new information on algal communities in small lotic ecosystems with biomonitoring and risk assessment.
Data was gathered from small ditches and streams in central Germany as well as from laboratory algal assays. A technique to rapidly classify and quantify planktonic and benthic algae based on their photopigment concentration (measured via delayed fluorescence - DF) in ecological and ecotoxicological studies was assessed, both in the laboratory and in the field. This research provides insight into planktonic and benthic algal communities in small streams and ditches in order to improve management and protection strategies in the face of increased agricultural chemical input. ...
The environmental impact of climate change is meanwhile not only discussed in the scientific community but also in the general public. However, little is known about the interaction between climate change and pollutants like pesticides. A combination of multiple stressors (e.g. temperature, pollutants, predators) may lead to severe alterations for organisms such as changes in time of reproduction, reproductive success and growth performance, mortality and geographic distribution. The questions if aquatic organisms tend to react more sensitive towards incidents under climate change conditions remains. Therefore, within the present thesis the aquatic ecotoxicological profile of the fungicide pyrimethanil, as an exemplarily anthropogenic used contaminant, was examined.
A large test battery of ecotoxicological standard tests and supplement bioassays with non-model species was conducted to investigate if species-specific or life stage-specific differences occur or if temperature alteration may change the impact of the fungicide. Two of the most sensitive species (Chironomus riparius and Daphnia magna) were used to investigate the acute and chronic thermal dependence of pyrimethanil effects. The results clearly depict that the ecotoxicity of pyrimethanil at optimal thermal conditions did not depend on the trophic level, but was species-specific. With regard to EC10 values the acute pyrimethanil toxicity on C. riparius increased with higher temperature (6.78 mg L-1 at 14°C and 3.06 mg L-1 at 26°C). The chronic response of D. magna to the NOEC (no observed effect concentration) of the fungicide (0.5 mg L-1) was examined in an experiment which lasted for several generations under three simulated near-natural temperature regimes (‘cold year, today’ (11 to 22.7°C), ‘warm year, today’ (14 to 25.2°C) and ‘warm year, 2080’ (16.5 to 28.1°C)). A pyrimethanil-induced mortality increase was buffered by the strongly related increase of the general reproductive capacity, while population growth was stronger influenced by temperature than by the fungicide. At a further pyrimethanil concentration (LOEC – lowest observed effect concentration: 1 mg L-1), a second generation could not be established by D. magna under all thermal regimes.
Besides daphnids, the midge C. riparius was used for a second multigeneration study. In a bifactorial test design it was tested if climate change conditions alter or affect the impact of a low fungicide concentration on life history and genetic diversity. The NOAEC/2 (half of the no observed adverse effect concentration derived from a standard toxicity test) was used as a low pyrimethanil concentration to which laboratory populations of the midges were chronically exposed under the mentioned temperature scenarios. During the 140-day-multigeneration study, survival, emergence, reproduction, population growth, and genetic diversity of C. riparius were analyzed. The results reveal that high temperatures and pyrimethanil act synergistically on life history parameters of C. riparius. In simulated present-day scenarios, a NOAEC/2 of pyrimethanil provoked only slight to moderate beneficial or adverse effects. In contrast, an exposure to a NOAEC/2 concentration of pyrimethanil at a thermal situation likely for a summer under the future expactations uncovered adverse effects on mortality and population growth rate. In addition, genetic diversity was considerably reduced by pyrimethanil in the ‘warm year, 2080’ scenario, but only slightly under current climatic conditions. The multigeneration studies under near-natural thermal conditions indicate that not only the impact of climate change, but also low concentrations of pesticides may pose a reasonable risk for aquatic invertebrates in the future. This clearly shows that thermal and multigenerational effects should be considered when appraising the ecotoxicity of pesticides and assessing their future risk for the environment.
In addition to temperature further multiple abiotic and biotic stressors alterate pollutant effects. Moreover, to better discriminate and understand the intrinsic and environmental correlates of changing aquatic ecosystems, it was experimentally unraveled how the effects of a low-dose of pyrimethanil on daphnids becomes modified by different temperatures (15°C, 20°C, 25°C) and in the presence/ absence of predator kairomones of Chaoborus flavicans larvae. The usage of a fractional multifactorial test design provided the possibility to investigate the individual growth, reproduction and population growth rate of Daphnia pulex via different exposure routes to the fungicide pyrimethanil at an environmentally relevant concentration (0.05 mg L-1) - either directly (via the water phase), indirectly (via algae food), dually (via water and food) or for multiple generations (fungicide treated source population).
The number of neonates increased with increasing temperatures. At a temperature of 25°C no significant differences between the individual treatment groups were observed although the growth was overall inhibited due to pyrimethanil. Besides, at 15 and 20°C it is obvious that daphnids which were fed with contaminated algae had the lowest reproduction and growth rate. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that multiple stress factors can modify the response of daphnids to pollutants. The exposure routes of the contaminant are of minor importance, while temperature and the presence of a predator are the dominant factors impacting the reproduction of D. pulex. It can be concluded that low concentrations of pyrimethanil may disturb the zooplankton community at suboptimal temperature conditions, but the effects will become masked if chaoborid larvae are present. Therefore it seems necessary to observe prospectively if the combination of several stress factors like pesticide exposure and suboptimal temperature may influence the life history and sensitivity of several aquatic invertebrates differently.
Besides standard test organisms it is inevitable to conduct test with aquatic invertebrate which are not yet considered regularly in ecotoxicological experiments. For example molluscs represent one of the largest phyla of macroinvertebrates with more than 100.000 species, being ecologically and economically important. Therefore, within the present study embryo, juvenile, half- and full-life cycle toxicity tests with the snail Physella acuta were performed to investigate the impact of pollutants on various life stages. Different concentrations of pyrimethanil (0.06-0.5 or 1.0 mg L-1) assessed at three temperatures (15°C, 20°C, 25°C) revealed that pyrimethanil caused concentration-dependent effects independent of temperature. Interestingly, the ecotoxicity of pyrimethanil was higher at lower temperature for the embryo hatching and F1 reproduction, but its ecotoxicity for the growth of juveniles and the F0 reproduction increased with increasing temperature. More specifically, it could have been observed that especially during the reproduction test high mortality rates occurred at the highest concentration of 1 mg L-1 at all temperatures. Due to high mortality rates no snails were available for the F1 at the highest concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1). Compared to the F0, overall more egg masses were produced in the F1, being all fertile and no mortality occurred. For the F1-generation the strongest pyrimethanil effects were detected at 15°C. A comparison of effect concentrations between both generations showed that the F1 is more sensitive than the F0.
These results indicate that an exposure over more than one generation may give a better overview of the impact of xenobiotics. With the establishment of an embryo and reproduction test under different temperatures and various concentrations of pyrimethanil with P. acuta we could successfully show that molluscs can respond more sensitive than model organisms and that both, chemical and thermal stressor strongly influence the behaviour of the pulmonates. It can be concluded that the high susceptibility for the fungicide observed in gastropods clearly demonstrates the complexity of pesticide-temperature interactions and the challenge to draw conclusions for the ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticides under the impact of global climate change.
Future climate change is predicted to advance faster than the postglacial warming. Migration may therefore become a key driver for future development of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. For 140 European plant species we computed past range shifts since the last glacial maximum and future range shifts for a variety of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and global circulation models (GCMs). Range shift rates were estimated by means of species distribution modelling (SDM). With process-based seed dispersal models we estimated species-specific migration rates for 27 dispersal modes addressing dispersal by wind (anemochory) for different wind conditions, as well as dispersal by mammals (dispersal on animal's coat – epizoochory and dispersal by animals after feeding and digestion – endozoochory) considering different animal species. Our process-based modelled migration rates generally exceeded the postglacial range shift rates indicating that the process-based models we used are capable of predicting migration rates that are in accordance with realized past migration. For most of the considered species, the modelled migration rates were considerably lower than the expected future climate change induced range shift rates. This implies that most plant species will not entirely be able to follow future climate-change-induced range shifts due to dispersal limitation. Animals with large day- and home-ranges are highly important for achieving high migration rates for many plant species, whereas anemochory is relevant for only few species.
In the deep-sea, the interaction between benthic fauna and substrate mainly occurs through bioturbational processes which can be preserved as traces (i.e., lebensspuren). Lebensspuren are common features of deep seafloor landscapes and usually more abundant than the organism that produce them (i.e., tracemakers), rendering them promising proxies to infer biodiversity. The density and diversity relationships between lebensspuren and benthic fauna are to the present day unclear and contradicting hypotheses have been proposed suggesting negative, positive, or even null correlations. To test these hypotheses, in this study lebensspuren, tracemakers (specific epibenthic fauna that produce these traces), degrading fauna (benthic fauna that can erase lebensspuren), and fauna in general were characterized taxonomically at eight deep-sea stations in the Kuril Kamchatka Trench area. No general correlation (over-all study area) could be observed between diversities of lebensspuren, tracemakers, degrading fauna and fauna. However, a diversity correlation was observed between specific stations, showing both negative and positive correlations depending on: 1) the number of unknown tracemakers (especially significant for dwelling lebensspuren); and 2) the lebensspuren with multiple origins; and 3) tracemakers that can produce different lebensspuren. Lebensspuren and faunal density were not correlated. However, lebensspuren density was either positively or negatively correlated with tracemaker densities, depending on the lebensspuren morphotypes. A positive correlation was observed for resting lebensspuren (e.g., ophiuroid impressions, Actinaria circular impressions), while negative correlations were observed for locomotion-feeding lebensspuren (e.g., echinoid trails). In conclusion, lebensspuren diversity may be a good proxy for tracemaker biodiversity when the lebensspuren-tracemaker tandem can be reliable characterized; and lebensspuren-density correlations vary depending the specific lebensspuren residence time, tracemaker density and associated behaviour (rate of movement), but on a global scale abiotic and other biotic 42 factors may also play an important role.
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism that contributes to the sophisticated dynamics of gene regulation. Approximately 50% of all protein-coding human genes harbor multiple polyadenylation (PA) sites; their selective and combinatorial use gives rise to transcript variants with differing length of their 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). Shortened variants escape UTR-mediated regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs), especially in cancer, where global 3'UTR shortening accelerates disease progression, dedifferentiation and proliferation. Here we present APADB, a database of vertebrate PA sites determined by 3' end sequencing, using massive analysis of complementary DNA ends. APADB provides (A)PA sites for coding and non-coding transcripts of human, mouse and chicken genes. For human and mouse, several tissue types, including different cancer specimens, are available. APADB records the loss of predicted miRNA binding sites and visualizes next-generation sequencing reads that support each PA site in a genome browser. The database tables can either be browsed according to organism and tissue or alternatively searched for a gene of interest. APADB is the largest database of APA in human, chicken and mouse. The stored information provides experimental evidence for thousands of PA sites and APA events. APADB combines 3' end sequencing data with prediction algorithms of miRNA binding sites, allowing to further improve prediction algorithms. Current databases lack correct information about 3'UTR lengths, especially for chicken, and APADB provides necessary information to close this gap. Database URL: http://tools.genxpro.net/apadb/