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Due to the cultural and technological improvement in daily life, technological terms such as New Media Instruments gain more popularity among the foreign language didactics. In the media society the medium of instruction book is pushed for a function change. Pupils or students are continuously confronted outside of class with a variety of different media. Today we can clearly speak of new teaching and learning tools. The reciprocal effect of language policy and educational factors that shape the relationship between language and text books, lead in the case of German in a non-defined language policy. This constellation is also reflected in the design of textbooks. When you consider that textbooks are intimately linked with the education targets of a country and the practical learner expectations, then this seems today perhaps in a premature stage. On the one hand, the knowledge about the operation of related equipment and their applications, or the ability to be able to bring into use, are necessary and on the other hand, the technical competence of German as a foreign language is highly required. The attempt would enter with little skill in a personal and comprehensive online project fail for many Germanists even from the technical point of view and with some certainty. This begs the question: Is in fact the digital environment inevitable?
The aim of this study is to trace back the translator of "Reinhold Lubenau Seyahatnamesi [Osmanlı Ülkesinde, 1587-1589]" and focus on her translation approach through paratexts. The traveller portrays the Muslim 'other' whom he met in the Ottoman Empire where he spent his time between the years 1587-1589, when the Ottoman Empire had the power and Islam was being perceived as a threat to them versus his own culture which he belonged to as a Prussian Protestant. The translation of this itinerary is available to Turkish readers after approximately 400 years in 2012. What makes this translation interesting is the translation of a source text, in which the target culture was being portrayed from the perspective of the 'other', into a target language. How was this 'foreign' perspective constructed by the traveler translated and reflected in the paratext? What was the approach of the translator against the challenges he encountered during the translation process? Answers to these questions among many others were being searched through an examination of paratexts. In addition, it was also discussed whether the author moved to the reader or the reader moved to the author. Paratexts encourage reading and direct the reception (Genette 2016). In this study, book covers, names, titles, genre, graphics illustration and footnotes were examined. Translator footnotes, which were provided by the translator in order to make the text clear, were classified in order to underline the functions of these footnotes. Translator footnotes are the tools, which make translators visible and help them to raise their voices in the texts. In peritexts, translator can provide extra information to the readers, explain and justify his/her translation decisions.
Bu makalenin amacı, Osmanlı Devleti'ne gerçekleştirilen gezilere ilişkin seyahatnamelerin Almancadan Türkçeye yapılmış olan çevirilerini Genette (2016)'in yanmetin kavramı bağlamında irdelemektir. Bu seyahatname çevirileri 1960–2017 yılları arasında yayınlanmıştır. Temel alınan bütünce 16 farklı seyahatnameye ait 34 çeviri sürümü içermektedir. Seyahatname, yanmetin ve çeviri ilişkisine değinildikten sonra sözü edilen seyahatname sürümlerinin yıllara göre dağılımı gösterilmiştir. Seyahatname çevirileri erek kültür dizgesinin bir parçası olduğundan, bu çeviri kitaplardaki iç metinler, erek okurların çeviri metni nasıl okumaları gerektiği ve kendilerini nelerin beklediği konusunda aracılık etmektedir. Böylelikle bu iç metinler, okurların olası ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak üzere ve erek kültürün koşullarına göre üretilmektedir. Örneklerle bu iç metinler aracılığıyla erek okurla nasıl bağ kurulduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ayrıca, belli başlı iç metin türlerinin niceliksel ve niteliksel incelemesiyle çeviri olgusu, çevirinin amacı, çevirmenin görünürlüğü/görünmezliği, yayınevlerinin çeviri politikası, çeviriyi etkileyen etmenler vb. konularda bilgiler sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Toplanan veriler, iç metinlerin bir yandan erek okurların olası ihtiyaçlarına göre şekillenebildiğini gösterirken diğer yandan erek kültür dizgesinin bazı ideolojik dinamiklerine hizmet edebildiğine işaret etmektedir.
Der Beitrag widmet sich der Textsorte Videoblog und der Art und Weise, wie YouTuber in ihren Videoblogs und Texten ähnlicher Form mit ihren Rezipienten kommunizieren. Nach einer kurzen Vorstellung der Text-sorte Videoblog wird bei der Analyse von der Makrostruktur der Beiträge ausgegangen, wobei die typischen Eigenschaften der sprachlichen Elemente in den einzelnen Phasen der Beiträge betrachtet werden. Dazu wird ein Korpus von Videoblogs in der deutschen und in der tschechischen Sprache verwendet.
This paper traces the military role of Tibnīn and its rulers in the Latin East against the Muslims until 1187/ 583. Tibnīn played a key role in overcoming the Muslims in Tyre and controlled it in 1124. It also played a vital role in the conflict between Damascus and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tibnīn participated in defending Antioch, Banyas, Hebron and Transjordan several times. Furthermore, its soldiers and Knights joined the army of the Kingdom of Jerusalem to capture Ascalon in 1153, and joined the campaigns of Amaury I, King of Jerusalem, against Egypt from 1164 to1169. The military situation of Tibnīn under the rule of the royal house until its fall to the Muslims in 1187/ 583 will be studied as well
The study of lattice gauge theories with Monte Carlo simulations is hindered by the infamous sign problem that appears under certain circumstances, in particular at non-zero chemical potential. So far, there is no universal method to overcome this problem. However, recent years brought a new class of non-perturbative Hamiltonian techniques named tensor networks, where the sign problem is absent. In previous work, we have demonstrated that this approach, in particular matrix product states in 1+1 dimensions, can be used to perform precise calculations in a lattice gauge theory, the massless and massive Schwinger model. We have computed the mass spectrum of this theory, its thermal properties and real-time dynamics. In this work, we review these results and we extend our calculations to the case of two flavours and non-zero chemical potential. We are able to reliably reproduce known analytical results for this model, thus demonstrating that tensor networks can tackle the sign problem of a lattice gauge theory at finite density
Este artigo é baseado em duas publicações anteriores (BAßLER 2013a; 2013b) e analisa o realismo como procedimento narrativo do nosso presente; para esse fim, são tratadas obras da literatura de expressão alemã e da televisão. O autor constata, tanto na chamada alta literatura quanto em gêneros como fantasia e séries televisivas um realismo que invoca e confirma, mediante frames convencionalizados, a imagem corrente da realidade e os códigos de significado vigentes do presente, indiferente da apresentação do conteúdo como realista ou fantástico. Este tipo de literatura é bem-sucedida porque possibilita uma leitura fácil e, ao mesmo tempo, reclama legitimidade através de uma autenticidade de alta literatura. Como alternativa a este estilo internacional de realismo trivial se oferecem, por um lado, obras pós-modernas e da cultura pop que expõem abertamente ser construídas por citações e, por outro, procedimentos como short cuts que dissecam a narrativa linear metonímica e a reconfiguram numa nova totalidade complexa e significativa.
Das breite Interesse an spiritistischen Phänomenen ist eine vergessene Seite der Naturwissenschaften des späten 19.Jahrhunderts. Ein Zusammenhang dieses scheinbar entlegenen Diskurses mit der emphatischen Moderne wird nahegelegt durch eine wenig beachtete Fußnote in Wassily Kandinskys Schrift "Über das Geistige in der Kunst" (1911). Kandinsky präsentiert dort einen Katalog wenig bekannter Namen: "Zöllner, Wagner, Butleroff - Petersburg, Crookes - London usw. Später Ch. Richet, C. Flammarion [...). Endlich C. Lombroso [...]." Ein heutiges Lexikon weist diese Leute als renommierte Wissenschaftler des 19. Jahrhunderts aus: z.B. Friedrich Zöllner (1834-1882) als Astronomen und Begründer der Astrophotometrie, Aleksandr Butlerow (1828-1886) und William Crookes (1832-1919) als Chemiker, letzterer der Entdecker u.a. des Thallium, des Uran X und der Kathodenstrahlen, Charles Richet (1850-1935) als bedeutenden Physiologen und Immunologen (Nobelpreis für Medizin 1913) und Cesare Lombroso als den Begründer der Kriminologie. Kandinsky dagegen belegt mit ihren Namen die Tatsache, dass namhafte "Gelehrte, unter welchen sich reinste Materialisten befanden, [.. .] ihre Kräfte der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung" okkulter Phänomene widmeten. Diese und nur diese Seite ihrer Studien erwies sich offenbar als nicht anschlussfähig für die modernen Naturwissenschaften und ihr Weltbild, das noch für die Selektion jener Fakten verantwortlich ist, die Brockhaus oder Fischer-Lexikon uns heute für vermittelnswert halten. Überraschenderweise scheint aber genau diese Seite für die moderne Kunst interessant gewesen zu sein. Kandinskys "Über das Geistige in der Kunst" markiert ja den kritischen Punkt unmittelbar vor den ersten abstrakten Bildern, die den Moderneschub in der Kunst vielleicht am radikalsten veranschaulichen. Künste und Wissenschaften knüpfen in ihren Paradigmenwechseln bei den gleichen Wissenschaftlern des 19. Jahrhunderts an und induzieren im Prozess dieser Anknüpfung eine strenge Dichotomie in deren Werk, die für diese selbst so nicht bestanden hatte.