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Site-specific recombinases (SSR) are utilized as important genome engineering tools to precisely modify the genome of mice and other model organisms. Reporter mice that mark cells that at any given time had expressed the enzyme are frequently used for lineage tracing and to characterize newly generated mice expressing a recombinase from a chosen promoter. With increasing sophistication of genome alteration strategies, the demand for novel SSR systems that efficiently and specifically recombine their targets is rising and several SSR-systems are now used in combination to address complex biological questions in vivo. Generation of reporter mice for each one of these recombinases is cumbersome and increases the number of mouse lines that need to be maintained in animal facilities. Here we present a multi-reporter mouse line for loci-of-recombination (X) (MuX) that streamlines the characterization of mice expressing prominent recombinases. MuX mice constitutively express nuclear green fluorescent protein after recombination by either Cre, Flp, Dre or Vika recombinase, rationalizing the number of animal lines that need to be maintained. We also pioneer the use of the Vika/vox system in mice, illustrating its high efficacy and specificity, thereby facilitating future designs of sophisticated recombinase-based in vivo genome engineering strategies.
Wickler der Sandtrockenrasen bei Halle (Saale)-Nietleben und ihre Bedeutung für den Naturschutz
(1993)
In den Jahren 1988 bis 1992 wurden die nordöstlich des Heidesees bei Halle (Saale)-Nietleben gelegenen Streuobstwiesen, die als geschützter Landschaftsbestandteil nach NatSchG LSA einstweilig gesichert sind, ziemlich eingehenden kleinschmetterlingskundlichen Erhebungen unterzogen. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten mit freundlicher Genehmigung der zuständigen Behörden. Der Schwerpunkt lag in der Ermittlung derjenigen Schmetterlingsarten, die als typisch für die die Streuobstwiesen kennzeichnenden Sandtrockenrasen anzusehen sind. Um eine leichtere Zuordnung der aufgefundenen Arten zu ermöglichen, wurden insbesondere Tagesexkursionen in das Gebiet durchgeführt. Von den beobachteten Arten wurden Belege eingesammelt bzw. die Spezies, die im Freiland sicher bestimmbar waren, an Ort und Stelle notiert. Die nachfolgende Auswertung berücksichtigt neben den Daten des Autors auch die Aufsammlungen von Herrn T. Süssmuth, Radeberg, aus dem gleichen Zeitraum.
Südlich von Wurzen verlässt die Vereinigte Mulde das Sächsische Hügelland und strömt in einer flachen, meist drei bis vier Kilometer breiten Talwanne nach Norden, oftmals eingerahmt von Talsandterrassen. Oberhalb von Dessau weitet sich das Muldetal in Richtung Osten und vereinigt sich mit der Elbeaue. Nördlich von Dessau mündet die Mulde in die Elbe. Für die zwischen den Deichen gelegenen Auenabschnitte an der Mulde war eine Wiesen- und Weidenutzung sehr charakteristisch. Überflutungen des Auengrünlandes zwischen den Deichen kommen regelmäßig vor, wobei erwartungsgemäß die grundwassernahen Flächen deutlich häufiger betroffen sind als die grundwasserfernen. Werden Letztere überstaut, so ist die gesamte Überflutungsaue wassergefüllt. Kleine, wenig bewegungsaktive Tierarten haben kaum Rückzugsmöglichkeiten und viele ertrinken im Wasser. Dies gilt z. B. für Schmetterlingsraupen und bei längerer Dauer der Überstauung auch für Eier, Puppen und Falter. Darum erschien es sehr interessant, die Folgen der ausgedehnten und hohen Überflutung der Muldeaue im August 2002 am Beispiel der Schmetterlingsfauna eines Sandtrockenrasens in der Aue östlich von Dessau zu studieren.
In der kurzen Abhandlung über geschützte und gefährdete Pflanzen, Tiere und Landschaften des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt wird auf Arten der Kalttrocken- sowie Magerrasen eingegangen. Beschrieben werden der weiße Dost- oder Schmuck-Kleinspanner (Scopula ornata) dessen Flügelspanne nur etwa zwei Zentimeter misst und der zu den Spannerfaltern (Geometridae) zählt, sowie der kastanienbraune Schmalflügelzünsler (Selagia spadicella), der innerhalb der Zünslerfalter (Pyralidae) zur Unterfamilie Phycitinae gehört. Als Pflanze des Magerrasens wird die Herbstwendelorchis (Spiranthes spiralis) als eine stark gefährdete Orchideenart aufgeführt.
Background: The Global Burden of Diseases Study 2017 predicted that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the second leading cause of death, the fourth leading cause of premature death, and the third cause for DALYs lost in Nepal. However, data on the population-based prevalence of COPD in Nepal are very limited. This study aims to assess the prevalence of COPD and factors associated with the occurrence of COPD in Nepal.
Methods: From a nationally representative, population-based cross-sectional study on chronic non-communicable diseases, the prevalence of COPD and its associated factors was determined. Of 12,557 participants aged over 20 years, 8945 participants completed a questionnaire and spirometry. Eligible participants were also asked to answer a COPD diagnostic questionnaire for screening COPD cases, and if needed underwent pre-bronchodilator and post-bronchodilator spirometry. COPD was defined as a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity) ratio of < 0.70. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with COPD. Sampling weights were used for all data analyses.
Results: The prevalence of COPD in Nepal was 11.7% (95% CI: 10.5% to 12.9 %), which increased with age, and higher in those with a low educational level, those who had smoked ≥ 50 pack-years, persons having a low body mass index (BMI), and residents of Karnali province. Multivariate analysis revealed that being aged 60 years and above, having a low BMI, low educational status, having smoked more than 50 pack-years, provincial distribution, and ethnicity were independent predictors of COPD.
Conclusion: COPD is a growing and serious public health issue in Nepal. Factor such as old age, cigarette smoking, low educational attainment, low BMI, ethnicity, and locality of residence (province-level variation) plays a vital role in the occurrence of COPD. Strategies aimed at targeting these risk factors through health promotion and education interventions are needed to decrease the burden of COPD.
Prähistorische Eierschalenfragmente der Fundstelle Sulze bei Erfurt in Thüringen werden beschrieben und diskutiert. Die folgenden Arten werden nachgewiesen: Cygnus olor, Anser anser, Anas platyrhynchos und Gallus gallus forma domestica. Auf der Grundlage von Knochenresten gelten folgende Nachweise: Columba livia forma domestica, Tyto alba, Anser anser forma domestica, Anas platyrhynchos forma domestica, Gallus gallus forma domestica, Corvus corax, Coloelus monedula, Galerida cristata, Passer domesticus und Coccothraustes coccothraustes. Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Bestimmungsmethoden an prähistorischen Eierschalen gelegt.
Meeting Abstract : Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. 125. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. Berlin, 22.-25.04.2008 Einleitung: Über 4 Millionen Menschen leben in Deutschland schätzungsweise mit chronischen Wunden. Aufgrund der demographischen Entwicklung unserer Gesellschaft ist mit einem weiteren Anstieg der zu nicht, oder nur zögerlich heilenden Wunden führenden Erkrankungen diabetisches Fußsyndrom, chronisch venöse Insuffizienz und pAVK auszugehen. Dennoch ist die moderne hydroaktive Wundbehandlung in Deutschland nicht flächendeckend etabliert. Gründe hierfür liegen unter anderem in dem unüberschaubaren Produktsortiment, der unzureichenden Vergütung vor allem im ambulanten Versorgungssektor und in der mangelhaften ärztlichen Ausbildung in Bezug auf Wundtherapie. Ein standardisiertes Wundbehandlungsschema erleichtert die stadiengerechte Anwendung moderner Wundauflagen und dient als nachvollziehbare Entscheidungsgrundlage in der Auswahl der erforderlichen Wundprodukte. Material und Methoden: Anhand eines Bogens werden vier Kriterien (Wundstadium, Wundexsudation, Wundtiefe und Wundinfektion) zur Beurteilung einer Wunde erfasst. Die fotographische Abbildung der verschiedenen Wundstadien erlaubt eine sichere visuelle Zuordnung durch den Therapeuten. Nach Analyse dieser S.E.T.I. Kriterien ergibt sich eine eindeutige stadiengerechte Produktzuordnung, die auch dem weniger geübten eine sichere Anwendung der verschiedenen Produktgruppen ermöglicht. Ergebnisse: Dieser Behandlungsstandard wurde zwischenzeitlich an 3 Kliniken der Maximalversorgung und in einem integrierten Versorgungsmodell zum diabetischen Fußsyndrom etabliert und stellt einen Bestandteil für ein weiteres IV Modell zur pAVK dar. Neben ökonomischen Vorteilen (reduzierte Lagerhaltungskosten, Straffung des Produktsortiments, günstigere Bezugskonditionen) lässt sich eine Verbesserung in der Behandlungsqualität, eine verkürzte stationäre Behandlungsdauer sowie eine vereinfachte Umsetzung einer sektorenübergreifenden Wundversorgung erzielen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Anwendung eines Therapiestandards für die stadiengerechte Behandlung chronischer Wunden ermöglicht eine Anwenderunabhängige gleich bleibend hohe Qualität sowie eine wesentlich vereinfachte Orientierung in dem Produktsortiment. Hierdurch wird weiterhin ein Beitrag zur Schnittstellenoptimierung zwischen dem stationären und ambulanten Versorgungssektor bei chronischen Wunden geleistet. Ein verbindlicher interdisziplinärer und interprofessioneller Wundbehandlungsstandard stellt eine unverzichtbare Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahme in der Wundbehandlung dar.
Rad se bavi analizom svojstava, funkcija i markera konverzacijkih implikatura u SMS diskursu. U prvome dijelu članka utvrđuju se temeljni mehanizmi prijenosa implicitnih intencionalno enodiranih sadržaja u diskurs te se određuju obilježja jezične strukture i govorne produkcije tipična za dopisivanje putem SMS poruka. Diskurs SMS dopisivanja smatra se plodnim područjem za proučavanje implikatura zbog bogatstva implicitnim sadržajima (uvjetovanoga sažetošću SMS forme); posrednosti komunikacije koja iziskuje jezično ili znakovno markiranje implikatura te specifičnih načina prijenosa i signaliziranja implicitnih sadržaja. U drugome dijelu rada predstavljaju se paralingvistički i jezični markeri konverzacijskih implikatura koji su se temeljem analize korpusa SMS dopisivanja pokazali najzastupljenijima u upotrebi. Cilj je rada ukazati na specifičnosti SMS diskursa kada su u pitanju sredstva i mehanizmi enkodiranja, signaliziranja te uspješnoga dekodiranja implicitnih sadržaja.
Surviving death: emerging concepts of RIPK3 and MLKL ubiquitination in the regulation of necroptosis
(2021)
Lytic forms of programmed cell death, like necroptosis, are characterised by cell rupture and the release of cellular contents, often provoking inflammatory responses. In the recent years, necroptosis has been shown to play important roles in human diseases like cancer, infections and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Coordinated interactions between RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL lead to the formation of a dedicated death complex called the necrosome that triggers MLKL-mediated membrane rupture and necroptotic cell death. Necroptotic cell death is tightly controlled by post-translational modifications, among which especially phosphorylation has been characterised in great detail. Although selective ubiquitination is relatively well-explored in the early initiation stages of necroptosis, the mechanisms and functional consequences of RIPK3 and MLKL ubiquitination for necrosome function and necroptosis are only starting to emerge. This review provides an overview on how site-specific ubiquitination of RIPK3 and MLKL regulates, fine-tunes and reverses the execution of necroptotic cell death.
Unmotivated and unprepared, an Austrian young man leaves his home town Vienna, only to dive into the unknown Romania. He already has images of this country in his mind. He is on his way towards the magical, dark, sparkling Transdanubien, about which he only knows clichés: that Romanians barely have anything to eat, that it is a country of gypsies, that the official language is Russian, that it is an anachronistic country par excellence. With this perspective, his relationship with local Ilina can only fail. This article follows along the lines of a complicated inter-cultural communication.
Looking back, my memories seem like distant, made-up stories. These words of the main character are to be found all over Jan Koneffkes novel. A foreigner on the run, Felix Kannmacher is forced to tell stories in order to survive. He is at the mercy of a teenager who is avid for constantly new and different bedtime stories. Felix gives in, as he has no other choice but to be a slaveto this child. The following article analyses the fine line between the stories Felix invents for Virginia and two narratological aspects: the actual plot of the novel on the one hand, and the actual course of history, on the other. The entire novel is built on stories-within-stories that twist and turn the course of Story and History alike. Because each one of us writes their own (hi)story.
For intercultural language teaching, coaching students on how to perceive the cultural “other” is of crucial importance in order to avoid culturally based misunderstandings. This paper explores how perceiving the other can offer conclusions for perceiving and becoming aware of the self. Through that, a process of giving and taking ensues in which perceptions of the self and of the other are constantly fluctuating depending on the context in which the communication is taking place. At the crossroads between members of two different cultures, a dialogue emerges in which the points of view of both parties are changed. The paper outlines how perception is a construct in which one’s own origin, education, and emotions are blended in. Intercultural learning is the way to deal with this constructs in a flexible manner so as to create new interpretation patterns. It teaches how to sympathize with the other and how to better understand oneself.
Film is a wonderful means of reflecting upon the identity of the self and the other. A movie like Didi Danquart’s Offset (2006), which deals with intercultural conflicts, even more so. The clash of the Romanian and German cultures depicted in this movie illustrates how the construction of identity – of the self and the other – works.
Using literature in culture and civilization classes enables the contact to foreign culture. Literature does not merely copy reality, but has its own rules of story telling, its own way of changing the perspective on reality, of correcting cliches, in omitting something, so as for the reader to become curious and fill in these „gaps”. In this paper, a fragment from a novel shows how a german businessman arriving in interbellic Romania finds that time is measured differently in those two countries.
Prämissen für die Vermittlung interkultureller Kompetenzen im studienbegleitenden DaF-Unterricht
(2014)
Language teaching alone is not sufficient in order to communicate successfully in the foreign language. Even with the acquisition of one’s native language, one does not learn just vocabulary, grammar, reading, writing, speaking and listening. Apart from all that one learns how to identify and to practice cultural patterns. Here, the learning and teaching process is accompanied by another component: intercultural communication and the acquisition of intercultural competences. These teach the lerner to understand first and foremost their own cultural background in order for them to be able to change perspective and look at and understand the cultural background of the target language. Teaching must be centered on the learner, and the foreign language is not taught „in general“, but with regard to the learners’ culture of origin.
Language teaching through the medium of film may prove very rewarding in that it moves the focus away from language and its general markers (grammar, vocabulary) alone and casts it onto culture, cultural boundaries and rules. Among them, space plays a very important role. It defines who we are, where we come from. Especially the fine line between what is considered public or private space is worth being analyzed. With examples from two movies, students of German as a Foreign Language are meant to discover this fine line, look beyond it and restore an equilibrium between the public and the private in order to be prepared for intercultural experiences.
Cosmin, a twelve-year-old Roma boy from Transylvania, only goes to school for a short while. For his mother, it is more important, that he, the only male of a household with many mouths to feed, help her with work. But Cosmin’s teacher does not give up and proposes a bargain: If Cosmin’s mother lets her children go to school, she will get electricity from the school to be able to watch TV. Due to this arrangement, Cosmin returns to school for a few days, becomes a little thief and embarks on a journey that can become an opportunity for him. A kind of a bildungsroman, a coming of age novel focused on the ups and downs between two worlds on Romanian soil, that could not be more different from one another: the Romanian majority and the Roma minority. This article sets out to document life at the brink of society, with all of its facets.
Background: Current prognostic gene signatures for breast cancer mainly reflect proliferation status and have limited value in triple-negative (TNBC) cancers. The identification of prognostic signatures from TNBC cohorts was limited in the past due to small sample sizes.
Methodology/Principal Findings: We assembled all currently publically available TNBC gene expression datasets generated on Affymetrix gene chips. Inter-laboratory variation was minimized by filtering methods for both samples and genes. Supervised analysis was performed to identify prognostic signatures from 394 cases which were subsequently tested on an independent validation cohort (n = 261 cases).
Conclusions/Significance: Using two distinct false discovery rate thresholds, 25% and <3.5%, a larger (n = 264 probesets) and a smaller (n = 26 probesets) prognostic gene sets were identified and used as prognostic predictors. Most of these genes were positively associated with poor prognosis and correlated to metagenes for inflammation and angiogenesis. No correlation to other previously published prognostic signatures (recurrence score, genomic grade index, 70-gene signature, wound response signature, 7-gene immune response module, stroma derived prognostic predictor, and a medullary like signature) was observed. In multivariate analyses in the validation cohort the two signatures showed hazard ratios of 4.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–9.48; P = 0.001) and 4.08 (95% CI 1.79–9.28; P = 0.001), respectively. The 10-year event-free survival was 70% for the good risk and 20% for the high risk group. The 26-gene signatures had modest predictive value (AUC = 0.588) to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, however, the combination of a B-cell metagene with the prognostic signatures increased its response predictive value. We identified a 264-gene prognostic signature for TNBC which is unrelated to previously known prognostic signatures.